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9th_Science ... ooks.in.pdf 101 Sound

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UNIT
9 UNIVERSE

Learning Objectives
A#er completing this lesson,
know thewill
students evolution
be ableofto
understand
the universe.the building blocks
know
of themore about
universe.
know
solar system. laws of
Kepler’s
calculate
motion. the orbital velocity and the
know about International
time-period of satellites.
Space Station.
Introduction contains everything that
Earth,
exists planets, stars,
including space,
theenergy
In the earlier days, before includes
and all
galaxies. ma!er,
This
astronomical instruments, one
and knows
even how
time. big the
No
the
Earth invention
is the centreof of all the in$nitely large. Scientists,
people universe is.universe
It could be
This
objectswasthought
inknown
the
that
as the
space.
size of the
however, measure by what
the
by Greek astronomer called
they the
can is ‘observable
see. This is
geocentric
Indian model, held
astronomer universe around 93 billion
Ptolemy (2nd Century), universe’.
(1 light yearThe = observable
the distance
and many
Aryabha!a astronomers
(5th Century) light yearswhich is 9.4607
Later Polish astronomer one
that year,
light
around
proposed the world.
the heliocentric × Onekm)
1012 oftravels
the in
interesting
across.
Nicolaus
Sun), with Copernicus
Sun=at the centre universe isabout
that ittheis currently
model (helios thingslarger
growing and larger all
Invention
of the solar of the telescope
system. in expanding. Itlarger,
is
in 1608, created a revolution is
theit time.
growing Not only but the
the
this Netherlands,
lesson, weInwill study is expanding at a faster and
in astronomy. edge
most of the
of the universe
universe what
blocks
about of the universe,
the building faster rate. However,
time period of satellites and space.
we All
thinkfour the atoms
of ispercent
empty of the
Kepler's
Station laws of motion, around
International Space together
majority only
of the make up
universe
(ISS). universe.
scientists The
9.1 Building block of the consists ofcall dark ma!er
something
Universe and dark energy.
Activity
The basic constituent of 1 a team of three to
Form
luminous
the ma!erisi.e., galaxies
universe Prepare a poster about
the collection of billions of four students.
which are really the astronomers.
stars. The universe 102

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9.1.1 Age of the 9.1.2

Universe
Page 106 Galaxies
Scientists think that the
/Immediately
328 a#er the Big
with the start of a massive gases began to compress
Biguniverse began to Big
Bang. According theBang, clouds
building of of
blocks