ZIMBABWE SCHOOL EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL

General Certificate of Education Advanced Level

CHEMISTRY 9189/1
PAPER 1

NOVEMBER 2012 SESSION 2 hours

Additional materials:
Answer paper
Data Booklet
Mathematical tables and/or electronic calculator

TIME: 2 hours

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES

Write your name, Centre number and candidate number in the spaces provided on the answer
paper/answer booklet.

Answer six questions.

Answer two questions from Section A, one question from Section B, two questions from Section C
and one other question chosen from any section.

Write your answers on the separate answer paper provided.

If you use more than one sheet of paper, fasten the sheets together.

INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES

The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.

You are reminded of the need for good English and clear presentation in your answers.

This question paper consists of 7 printed pages and 1 blank page.

Copyright: Zimbabwe School Examination Council, N2012.

©ZIMSEC N2012 [Turn over
 3

For
Eumin.cr's
1., u�

l:::1:::ttt:�+t�tt::::t+tt:1;:t::ttt:1:ttt�:tttli=t'.tt:=!:tt�;::tttt:::tttt:::t:tttl=t:tti

't'

H----1---14-4�1--1-_ j...\-.l--l--14-+-1--H-4-l-+-l-l-l---l4-H-4-++-l,-H-+444+l-++-+-+-l-+-\.-l---l-l-l-+-l--+-14-1-..W

l:::1::::tt!:1::::ttt: tti:ttt�:t:t:tjt:::t:l::t:t::::l:tt:::i::t:tt:::tt:t:1t:t::ttt::ct±:ttJt:t±:ttij±:tttl

(b) Suggest a pos3ible source of error in this experiment.

[11
{Total: 7]
1
2 (a) . _A saturated solution of a metal hydroxicle,M(oHt, was prepared?¥ adding
excess of the·solid hydroxide to a 0.025 moldm-3 solution of sodium
hydroxide. ':£'he solutidn was filtered and 25 cm3 of the filtrate wer� titrated
. \vith 0.100 moldm-3 11·Yctrochloric acid. A volume of 12.01 cm3 ?f�re
· ··
required for,·complete neutralisation.

(i) Calculate

l. the nu'mber of moles of hydroxide ions that reacted with the. acid,

moles =

918912 N2012
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 ., .
t 'i
,
'.
3 (a) Fig.2 shows the.str)lcture of a drug, phenytoin, C15H ll N 2NaO 2 , used to For
control epilepsy; fu:amjM"1
U1e

©l \.-----N

N?--o-N�+

,.
i
• ·v
The half-life for decomposition of the, drug, is a constant.

(i) Define the term h9lj-life.

(ii) Sugges;: a rate equation for the decomposition of the drug.

Explai11 your answer.

rate equa�ion

explanation

(b) Calculate the.mass of phenytoin required to give an initial concentration

of 1.6 x 10- 2 gdm-3 in body fluids, given that a patient has a· body fluid'
volume of 4(J dm3 •

mass •- l11

9189/2 N2012 ., .
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 • I,

(c) The drug has a half-life of- 12 hours. It is ineffective if the concqntration is For
below 8 x 10-3 gdm-3 and has side effects of drowsin·ess, dizziness, slurred Ruorinen
U11e.
speech and rolling of the eyes if the concentration exceeds 2.0 x 10-2 gdm-3 •

(i) Explain why the info ·mation•given above is important.

' I,

(ii) CaJculate the rate constant. '

. ,.

rate constant = ---�---- [3]

[Total: 7]

4 . (a) In an attempt to ioentify sodium bromide and sodium chloride from a list
of given chernidl�\ a student treated each chemical with concentrated
sulphuric acid.

State the hbservatio�s made when concentrated sulphudc acid was

,.
added to
(.:

1. sodium chlo:ide,

• I
,
2. sodium bromide.

.(i,i) With thd"hid

. of chemical equations, explain the obseri'ations
' made in
(j.).

. ..

[5]

• I
,

· 918912 N20!2
. . · ··· · ·• -- •
 7
(b) Study the reacti ,)n scheme shown in Fig.3 and use it to answer the following Fer
questions. Bunriner',
Ueo
colourless
solution
w

brown
solution
. ,, .
. .,-
cydohexene

colourltss white
solution X precipitate

NH3 (aq)

complex ion
y

Fig.3

(i) Identify the anion present in solution W.

(ii) yVrite equations to show

1. the reaction ?etween ions in solution Wand Cl2(z)· ·

2. formation of complex Y I .

(iii) Draw ::he displayed structural formula of X.

[4]
[Total: 9]
9189/2 N20l2
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 8

5 (a) Table 2 shows some chemical prope11ies of butan-2-ol, CH 3CH(OH)CH 2 CR�.

Complete Table 2.

Table 2

reagents and type of formula of organic

conditions reaction products.

'··

t, �

(i) H3 PO 4 ,heat
',

.. '

'

(ii) ethanoylchloride
at room
temperature,
strong base

'

(iii)
..
hlldeophi lie
substituiion
...
• I .
• . ... . .
-

�.

(iv)
• CHJ 3 ,
.. (:H 3 CH 2C(?;Na +
•..
. ,.
. .........

[8]

9189/2 N20l2
 9

(b) Table 3 shows boiling points of three alcohols of the same molecular Foc'
mass. Bumincr'•
Uec ...
Table 3

,alcohol boiling point/° C

butan-1-ol ,117

butan - 2- ol 100

2 methylpropan - 2 - ol ' 82
..
• t.
t

Explain the var\ation in the boiling points of the alcohols.

[2]

An organic compoqnp P has a molecular formula C9H 80. P decblo·,.1ri;3es

bromine at room terqperature and shows cis-trans isomerism. A'sol 1tion of
P reacts with Tollen's reagant to produce compound Q, C 9H 8O 2. Treatment
of P with LiAIH 4 , produces R, CiI12O. Q reacts wit)• R to produce a sweet
smelling: substance S.in the preseuc.e of concentrated HCl.

(i) Identify, giving reasons, hm functional groups in compound P.

•' .
¥ ,.

-··· . . ..
---------------------------

[2]
� .. -- ,. .
. .
(ii) Draw the po;s�ible displayed structural formulae of the comp,mnds P,
Q, R. ana s ..
• I,
.

. ,. (1)

9189/2 N2012
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 ., .

r? �·�--�---·----
., .
ZIMBAE:VVE SCl[()Ol, :EXA�\IIINA'"fl()NS.COUNCIL
General Certificate of Educafon Advainced Level

CHEMISTll.Y 9189/3
PAPER 3 Mull iple Choice
NOVEMBER 2012 SESSION l hour
Additional materials:
Dafa Booklet
Mathematical tab .es and/or calculator
Multiple Choice i nswer sheet
, ____ Soft eencil (!z'.J:;e -��HB is recom�_en_d_e__
d)____________...._.,___ ,..._,,__....,.

TIME 1 hour

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES

Do not open this boo); let until you arc told to do so.

Write your name, Cen'.,·e number anrl candidate number on the answer sheet in the spaces provided
unless this has already 6een done fo:·· you.

There are forty questiuns in this paper. Ansv,rer all questions. For each que ,tion, there are four
possible answers, A, RC and D. Choose the one you consider correct and ·:ecord your choice in soft
pencil on the separate r.nswer sheet.

Read ':ery carefully the instructions on the answer sheet.

INFORMATION F01l CANDIDATES

Each correct answer w,Jl score one mark. A mark will not be deducted for a wrong answer.
Any rough working sh, mld be don� in this booklet.

This t:uestion paper consists of 19 printed pagt:s and 1 b 1,ank page.

Copyright: Zimbabwe School Examinations Council, N20L!..

©ZJMSEC N2012 [Turn �ver
 3

Which type of bon(ting accounts for.the reaction of ammonia with boron trifluoride?
,, .,,,

A, dative cova!ent bonding 'I •

B ionic bondi1,g
C hydrogen bunds
D van der W<ials forces

5 In an experiment to determine the relative molecular mass of ethaiioic acid,

in vapour form, the value of 120 was obtained instead of the expected 6G.

An explanation for,this result co1 tld ·oe that under the conditions of the experiment
I 'I •

A the volume Jf ethanoic acid molecule is definL:e.

B ethanoic <lei cl vapour exists in the form -0f a dimmer.'
C the molecules of ethanoic acid partially dissociates.
D ethanoic acid decomposes to methane and carbon dioxide.

6 Which graph is cor·ect for a given mass of an ideal gas at constant pressJre?

,\.. E�
--
M

8
C')

--
1:1C.)

------
C.)

---
cu

---------------
Cl)

@
,--,
,::,
j0
:> >

0 '-------- ------·--;;--+ ·o..______

0
temperature/ C 0 temperatme/ C
0

c: J}1

-- t:1s

/
C..

n) 'I •

• ,-(
0
>

0'----------------
0
temperature/ C 0 0
temperature/ C

9189/3 N2012
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.. ·i
 5

The diagram show�: an electrochemical cell.

-------01------------....;., ,, .

Sn----1- ·+----Ag

-111:�!!!I�=
salt
bridge
....

__________
_______ _________ --- -------
======.-· ===-,.================== -
- -- - - - - - - - - - - -· - - -

,- - ---
________£ _____., __ _
-- -- - - -
f
-� = = = = = = = = = == =-= -
2+
- - -- ll\1 Agt- (aq)
1MSn (aq)

How do the mass of the anode and the concentration of Ag + c\ange as the cell c,perates?

mass of anode +
[Ag ]
decreases increases
;

B mcreases mcreases
'
C ,decreases decreases /

D no change decreases

_I_·

9189/3 N2012
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1• �ru,.:n ;ni;: -=;:--=3e:-:,.; :.:1:: :-::.t= of the forward reaction when H2(r.) is added
r-: CO: :.� 7 .:11;; , in the equilibrium.
,

A ....'rJJ B

:@-0 )-0
'rJJ

---s ---.....s
�

(l) (l)
�i-,
ctj
H

t-.-------lf-----------�
time/s t1 time/s

- C - D

-
'rll 'Cl)

��
.....,
..__ s
0 i__/'
�

...
�
I-<
� -----

'---------1-----------l>-
time/s timc/s

• I
,

·"' .

9189/3 N2011.

• I,
 7

'I •

The graph shows at1 ammonia - hydrochloric acid titration. .

pij 12
,, 10 'I •

'8 -

6 '""
v--- end point
.4 -
2 -
0
10 20 30 40 , 50 'I •

volume of 0.IM HC/

What is the pH of rhe resultant solution-half way to the end point?

A 5.0
n 9.3
C 10.0
D 90

12 Which equation dces not explain the base nature of ammonia?

A 4NH 3 + 5C 2 � 4-NO + 6H 2 0
1

NH 3 + H 20 "-<�NH 4 + OH-
�
C NH 3 + I-i+ -� NH 4 +
I) NH 3 + HN(\ -. NH 4N0 3

9189/3 N2012
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 9

Silicon chloride can he prepared in the laboratory using the apparatus shown.

'I •

solid silicon

dry
chlorine

liquid
silicon
chloride

Why must dry chlcrme be used for the reaction?

A Silicon chloride has weak forces between molecules.

B Silicon chloride is amphoteric and hence reacts equally with H 2O and C [2 •
C Silicon chlo1 ide is hydrolysed by'water to form a weak acid.
D Silicon chloride is hydrolysed by water to form an oxide.

1'i' Wh\ch statement e;.�plains why F - cannot be oxidised to F2 by any oxidising agent?

A As electronegativity increases, the F - ions become more powerful oxidising agents.

B As electroncgativity decreases, the F - ions become more powerful reducing agents.
C As the atorrnc number increases, the F - ions becom'e more powertul oxidising agents.
D As the atomic number iilcreases, the F - ions become more powerful reducing agents.

,.- I
(18J \Vhich reagent reacts spontaneously with Br2 ?

A p-
B er _:.
C Fe 2+
Mn
2+
D
91 39/3 N2Gl'.:
[Turn over
19 W1'11:ch cat::,::r.: :-:2.:, ::-: :·= rmd o:, addition of ammonia to a solution of copper(II)?

A �Cu1.H 2 tf o

B . [Cu(H 2O )3 (NH 3 )3 r

2
C [Cu(O H) 2 (NH3 \J '
2·>
[Cu(OH) 3 (NH 3 ) 3 ]

20 Tlie most stable oxidation state of vanadium is ·

A +4.
B +2.
C +3.
D +5.

21 The diagram shows the structure of a molecule of paracetamol.

Ho-(�N- C·-- CH3

II
I,
How many functional groups are in the molecule? .

4 .,
. ,, , .

9189/3 N2012.
 11
,, .
.:onsider the followin€;. reaction mechanism:

step 1

step 2

step 3
,, .
• •• Which one is a reactant in the overall reaction?

A CH 2Cl2
B HCl

C
. .·.�·
D

23 The diagram shows the structure of tax:Jl, an anticancer drug.

How many chiral centres does it have?

A 1
B 2
C 3
D 4
,, .
9189/3 N2012

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,, .
24 A hal-oge9oalkane is boiled with aqueous sodium hydroxide for a few minutes. The
products are .cooled and nitric acid is added to the solation followed by silver nitrate
solution.

What is the i.,urpose of the acid?

A stops p!"ecipitation
B neutralises unreacted alkali
C acts "as a catalyst
D ·,.acts as an electrophile

25 The diagram shows catalytic production of ethene from ethanol.

catalyst
ethene

soil
socked heat
in ethanol

�:�
- -·

=: .===============
Which substance is a suitable catalyst?

A aluminium oxide
B .,. rpanganese dioxide
C nickel
D iron

9189/3 N2012
. "
 13
., .
On oxidation a compound of the formula C4 H10 0, can be converted to C 4 I-r� 0.
I

The original compound could be

A a primary alcohol.
B a ketone.
C a tertiary alcohol.
D an aldehyde. ,, .

27 The reaction between a:carbonyl componnd and derivatives of ammonia is an example of

A addition-elimiillltion reaction ..
B electrolyphilic attack.
C hydrolysis.
D dehydration.
,, .
. "
2i9 ... An organic compound mntains two atoms of chlorine in each molecule, one of which is-much
more readily removed than the other when treated with aqueous sodium hydroxide.

The compound could b:�

A CH2ClCH2 CH.'.::'l.
B CH2ClCHCHCl.
c CH 2�zcoct.
D CH2ClCHClCHO.

29 Ethylethanoate is hydrolysed by water in the presence of sulphuric acid acccrding to the

equatioll

The purpose of sulphur c acid is to

A maintain the soi ution at a con&tant pH.

B increase the rate- of hydrolysis.
C suppress the ionisation of ethanoic acid formed.
D increase the yield of the products.

9189/3 N2012

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 14

30 The formula shows the repeat unit of a polymer.

(-NHCH2CONH CH(CH 20H)C02-)

The possible formulae of the monomers are

A NH 2 CH2CH 2C0 2H and NH 2 CH(CH 2 OH)C0 2H.

B NH 2CH 2 COH and NH2CH(CH20H) C02H.

C NH 2CH2C 0 2 H and NH 2 CH(CH 20 H)C0 2H.

D NH2CH2CI-i 2C0 2 H and NH 2CH2CH(CH20H)C0 2 H.

9189/3 N2012

• I
,
 ,, .
15

SECTIONB

For each of the questions in this section. one or more of the three numbere.� statements 1 to3
rriay be cm-rEct.

Decide whether each of the statements is or is not correct. (You may find 1t helpful to put a tick
against the statemenz(s) which you (onsider to be correct).

The responses A to Dshould be seiected on the basis of

B C D

1.,2 and 3 1 and2 2 and3 1 only

are only are only are is ,, .
correct correct correct correct

No other combinatio·1 of statements is used as a correct response.

31 Which of the following species has/have a planar structure?

]_

2 NO 3.

PH 3 ,

32 A real gas fails to obey the ideal gas equation under all conditions because

1 the molecules do not have the same velocity.

2 collisions are not perfectly elastic.

3 the molecules :iave a finite size.'

'I •

9189/3 N2012

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,, .
 • I,
16
33 ln which change(s) is/are � H 0 positive?

. 34 The diagram shows part of a Born--Haber cycle for a compound 1vith the formula XC/.

+ -
�g) C/(g)
+
AH/k:Jmo1" 1

• I
,

f-
X +Cf(aq)
- "(aq)

• I,

.. Which conclusion(s) can be drawn from the diagram?

1 The magnitude of the enthalpy change of hydration is greater than that of lattice
enthalpy.

2 T�c enthalpy change of solution is exothermic. ,

... _ ..
3 · •· ,The enthalpy change of hydration is endothermic.

9189/3 N2012
 ,, .
17

The amount of carbon dioxide preseni: at equilibrium in the reaction

'I •

1 raising the temp,.:rature.

2 raising the pressure.

3 adding more solid calcium oxide.

'I •

·16 " Which statement(s) exp1ains why CC /4 is not affected by water?

1 unavailability of cl-orbitals to form a bond between H 20 and carbon.

2 carbon is a smaEer molecule, hence H 20 cannot get close enough to carbon.

3 carbon cannot expand its octet.

37 Which acid(s) has/have optical isomers?

9189/3 N2012

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 18

38 \Vhich diagram(s) show(s) a step in the electrophilic bromination of an alkene?

· 3

39 Which substance(s) is/ar_e formed when the compound shovvn reacts with hot acidified
KMn0 4 '"!

\l
,
c
rn
' VV\

• I,

9189/3 N2012

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• I,
 Aspirin is an analgesic Aith the 5tt1X :....Lri_ :::-:-:-.�]2.:
I 'I •

-�)-C-CH
I
I 3

c0-COOH

\\":-_:c :-: �=- th:: following compound(s) will react with aspirin?

1 LiAlH 4

i
I -1.

9189/3 N2012
Candidate Name Centre Number Candidate Number

I )

ZIMBABWE SCHOOL EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL

General Certificate of Education Advanced Level

CHEMISTRY 9189/5
PAPER 5 Practical Test

NOVEMBER 2012 SESSION 1 hour 20 minutes

Candidates answer on the question paper.

Additional materials:
As listed in Instructions to Supervisors

TIME 1 hour 20 minutes

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES

Write your name, Centre number and candidate number in the spaces at the top of this page.
Answer all questions.
Write your answers in the spaces provided on the question paper.

INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES

The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or paii question.
You are advised to show all working in calculations.
Use of a Data Booklet is unnecessary.

FOR EXAMINER'S USE

TOTAL

This question paper consists of 6 printed pages and 2 blank pages.

Copyright: Zimbabwe School Examinations Council, N2012.

©ZlMSEC N2012 (Turn over

 2
1 FAl is an impure sample oflead (IV) oxide, PbO 2 • For
Burniuer'•
FA2 is 0.5 mol dm-3 potassium iodide. Use

You are required to determine the percentage purity ofa sample oflead
(IV) oxide using a titration method.

(a) Weigh an empty small beaker.

Place between 0.50 g and a 0.60 g ofsolid FAl in the small beaker
and weigh again.

Record your weighings in Table 1.1.

Table 1.1

mass of small beaker + FAl/g

mass of empty small beaker / g

mass of FAl used lg [2]

Transfer all the contents ofthe small beaker into a 250 cm3 volumetric
flask.

Add 20 cm0 of FA2 followed by 50 cm3 of 1 mol dm-3 sulphuric acid.

Mix thoroughly by shaking until no further reaction is observed.

Add distil:ed \\·ater to the volumetric flask and make up to the

mark \\-ith distilled water. Mix the contents by shaking and label
this solution FA4.

(b) Pipette 25. 0 cm3 of FA4 into a conical flask.

Titrate the contents of the conical flask with F A3 until the colour ofthe
solution is pale yellO\V.

Add about 3 to 5 drops ofstarch indicator to the conical flask and continue
titrating until the blue colour disappears.

Repeat the titration as many times as you think necessary to .obtain

accurate results.

9189/5 N2012
 3
For
RxlPriuet'i
Record your burette readings in Table 1.2. Use
Table 1.2: Titration ofFA4 with FA3

Final burette reading / cm3

Initial burette reading/ cm3

-

Volume ofFA3 used /cm3 [15]

-

Summary
3
25 cm3 ofFA4 reacted with -------- cm ofFA3.

Show which results you used to obtain th:.s ,·cLune of FA4 by placing a tick
under the readings in Table 1.2.

In acidic solution, Pb0 2 oxidises the iodide ior:s :o iodine according to

the equation:

S 2O!- ions and aqueous iodine react according to the following equations:

1 c, Write a balanced equation for the reaction between thiosulphate

ions and iodine.

[l]

9!89'5 "-:2012
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 s
For
Assessment of Planning Skills E-rarn:iner's
Use
Do not carry out your plan.

2 A school laboratory has run out of chemicals for carrying out 'A' level
chemistry practicals. There are only three solutions left, namely

50 cm3 4.5 moldm-3 NaOH,

60 cm3 3.5 moldm-3 NaOH,

45 cm3 2.5 moldm-3 NaOH.

You are required to prepare 500 cm3 of 1 moldm-3 NaOH.

Using the solutions left, distilled water, a 50 cm3 measuring cylinder and
a 500 cm3 volumetric flask and any other laboratory equipment of your
choice, describe how you would prepare the 500 cm3 of I moldm-3 NaOH.

Present your plan as a sequence of numbered steps.

The plan

9189/5 N2012
[Turn over
6
For
Bxaminer's
Use

[Total :15]

9189/5 N2012
Candidate Name Centre Number Candidate Number

Fflr Pl'Tf()rn11111ct M�w.lsrUHtnt

ZIMBABWE SCHOOL EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL

General Certificate of Education Advanced Level

CHEMISTRY 9189/6
PAPER 6 Practical Test

NOVEMBER 2012 SESSION 1 hour 10 minutes

Candidates answer on the question paper.

Additional materials:
As listed in Instructions to Supervisors.

TIME 1 hour 10 minutes

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES

Write your name, Centre number and candidate nwnber in the spaces at the top of this page.
Answer all questions.
Write your answers in the spaces provided on the question paper.

INFORLvlATION FOR CA.'.\fDIDATES

The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.
You are advised to show all working in calculations.
Use of a Data Booklet is wmecessary. FOR EXAMINER'S USE
Qualitative analysis notes are printed on pages 5 and 6.
1

TOTAL

�his question paper consists of 6 printed pages and 2 blank pages.

Copyright: Zimbabwe School Examinations Council, N2012.

©ZIMSEC N2012 [Tum over

 2

For
Bxamrnm's
FA6 is an aqueous solution containing one cation and two anions. Use
1

You are required to carry out the following tests to identify the ions present in FA6.

In all the tests, the reagents should be added gradually until no further change occurs,
with shaking after each addition.

Observations should include

(i) descriptions of colour changes and precipitates,

(ii) the names of gases evolved and details of the tests used to identify them.

You should indicate clearly at what stage in a test a change occurs, writing any
deductions you make alongside the observations on which they are based.

No additional or confirmatory tests for ions present should be attempted.

TEST OBSERVATIONS (14) DEDUCTIONS (8)

(a) To a portion of FA6

add aqueous sodium
hydroxide,

then heat the mixture.

(b) To a portion of FA6 add

aqueous ammonia.

.,

(c) To a portion of FA6 add

barium chloride followed by
excess dilute hydrochloric
acid.

9189/6 N2012
 3

For
TEST OBSERVATIONS DEDUCTIONS Enminm'•
Use

(d) To a portion of FA6.

add aqueous lead nitrate.

-
(e) To a portion of FA6 add
aqueous silver nitrate.
·._... ·-

(f) To a portion of FA6 in a

boiling tube, add aqueous
sodium hydroxide until in
excess,

then warm the mixture

carefully.

Add aluminium powder or

foil and warm the mixture
cautiously.

(g) To a portion of FA6

add dilute hydrochloric
acid.

FA6 contains ----- cation. [1]

FA6 contains ----- and _____ amons. [2]

[Total: 25]
9189/6 N2012
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 5

QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS NOTES

[Key ppt = precipitate]

1 Reactions of aqueous cations

reaction with
NaOH (aq) NH3(aq)
aluminium, white ppt. white ppt.
3+
AZ (aq) soluble in excess insoluble in excess
ammonium, ammonia produced on heating
NH4 (aq)
+

barium, no ppt. (if reagents are pure) no ppt.

Ba2+ (aq)
calcium, white ppt. with nigh [Ca2+ (aq)] no ppt. -
Ca2+(aq)
chromium(III), grey-green ppt. soluble in excess grey-green ppt.
Cr3 +(aa) giving dark green solution insoluble in excess
copper(II), pale blue ppt. blue ppt. soluble in excess
Cu2+(aq) insoluble in excess giving dark blue solution
· iron(II), green ppt. green ppt.
Fe2+(aq) insoluble in excess insoluble in excess
iron(IIT), red-brown ppt. red-brown ppt.
Fe3+(aq) insoluble in excess insoluble in excess
lead(II), white ppt. white ppt.
Pb2+(aq) soluble in excess insoluble in excess
magnesium, white ppt. white ppt.
Mg2+(aq) insoluble in excess insoluble in excess
manganese(II), off-white ppt. off-white ppt.
Mn2+(aq) insoluble in excess insoluble in excess
zinc, white ppt. white ppt.
zn2+(aq) soluble in excess soluble in excess

[Lead(II) ions can be distinguished from aluminium ions by the insolubility of lead(II) chloride.]

9189/6 N2012
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