EECE-21(B)

Course Code : EECE-106

Steady-State AC analysis and Frequency response.

Name : Abdullah Al Mahi

Roll : 202316127

Level/Term : L-1,T-2

Course : Electrical Circuits and Simulation Laboratory 2

Date of Submission : 04 .01 .2024

Name of the Experiment: Steady-State AC analysis and Frequency response.

Objective:

 Using PSpice to solve steady-state phasor problems

 Observing the frequency response characteristics of different types of analog filters

Theory:

Steady-State AC analysis in PSpice involves simulating circuits under sinusoidal excitation at

specific frequencies. This method allows urs to explore circuit behavior without physical
prototyping. AC sources are defined similarly to DC sources but involve cosine waveforms with
specified phase angles. The ".AC" command sets frequency ranges for sources, facilitating
frequency-based modeling essential for phasor analysis. The ".PRINT AC" command reports
phasor values like magnitude, phase angle, real, and imaginary parts of voltages or currents at
designated circuit points, aiding in result interpretation. Through circuit examples and analysis,
engineers utilize these commands to understand voltage, current magnitudes, and phase angles at
specific frequencies, enabling insight into circuit performance.

Frequency sweeps, a part of this analysis, aim to study circuit frequency responses using
different sweep types like LIN, OCT, and DEC. Engineers can analyze filters, examine cutoff
frequencies, cascade filter types, and predict circuit behavior under different frequency
conditions. Pre-lab exercises involve drawing phasor diagrams, deriving analytical expressions,
and calculating circuit parameters for deeper understanding and prediction of circuit responses
under varying frequency inputs.

Problem 1 : Netlist
code
Vs 1 0 AC 120 0
Rg 1 2 0.5
Lg 2 3 3.183mH
Rm 3 4 16
Lm 4 0 31.83mH
Cx 3 0 132.6uF
.AC LIN 1 50 50
.print AC IR(Cx) IR(Rm) IR(Lg)
.print AC VR(Rg) VR(Lg) VR(Rm) VR(Lm) VR(Cx)
.END
Problem 1 .out
**** 01/02/24 20:08:38 *********** Evaluation PSpice (Nov 1999) **************

code

**** CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION

******************************************************************************

Vs 1 0 AC 120 0
Rg 1 2 0.5
Lg 2 3 3.183mH
Rm 3 4 16
Lm 4 0 31.83mH
Cx 3 0 132.6uF
.AC LIN 1 50 50
.print AC IR(Cx) IR(Rm) IR(Lg)
.print AC VR(Rg) VR(Lg) VR(Rm) VR(Lm) VR(Cx)
.END

**** 01/02/24 20:08:38 *********** Evaluation PSpice (Nov 1999) **************

code

**** SMALL SIGNAL BIAS SOLUTION TEMPERATURE = 27.000 DEG C

******************************************************************************

NODE VOLTAGE NODE VOLTAGE NODE VOLTAGE NODE VOLTAGE

( 1) 0.0000 ( 2) 0.0000 ( 3) 0.0000 ( 4) 0.0000

VOLTAGE SOURCE CURRENTS

NAME CURRENT

Vs 0.000E+00

TOTAL POWER DISSIPATION 0.00E+00 WATTS

**** 01/02/24 20:08:38 *********** Evaluation PSpice (Nov 1999) **************

code

**** AC ANALYSIS TEMPERATURE = 27.000 DEG C

******************************************************************************

FREQ IR(Cx) IR(Rm) IR(Lg)

5.000E+01 2.534E-01 5.161E+00 5.414E+00

**** 01/02/24 20:08:38 *********** Evaluation PSpice (Nov 1999) **************

code
**** AC ANALYSIS TEMPERATURE = 27.000 DEG C

******************************************************************************

FREQ VR(Rg) VR(Lg) VR(Rm) VR(Lm) VR(Cx)

5.000E+01 2.707E+00 -1.336E+00 8.257E+01 3.605E+01 1.186E+02

JOB CONCLUDED

TOTAL JOB TIME .02

Here at loop 1: V(Rg)+V(Lg)+V(Rm)+V(Lm)=119.99V=120V=Vs

So, KVL is satisfied.
Here at node 3:
Entering Current=I(Lg)= 5.414
Outgoing Current =I(Rm)+I(Cx)=5.161+0.2534 =5.414
SO, KCL is also satisfied.

Problem 1: Circuit in Schematics

Problem 2 : Netlist
code
V2 1 0 AC 1V 0
Cf 1 2 100uF
Rf 2 0 1.59
.AC DEC 50 100 100kHz
.probe
.END

Graphical representation :
1.0V

(1.0000K,706.762m)

0.5V

0V
100Hz 300Hz 1.0KHz 3.0KHz 10KHz 30KHz 100KHz
V(2)
Frequency

As seen from the graph Cut of frequency is 1000Hz

It matched with the formula,fc=1/2*3.14*R*C =1000Hz

Problem 3 : Netlist
code
Vs 1 0 AC 1V 0
R1 1 2 0.25
C1 2 0 50uF
C2 2 3 100uF
R 3 0 1.59
.AC DEC 50 100 100k
.PROBE
.END
Problem 3 : Schematics
 1.0V

(1.2726K,707.284m) (10.000K,707.645m)

0.5V

0V
100Hz 300Hz 1.0KHz 3.0KHz 10KHz 30KHz 100KHz
V(3)
Frequency

It is a Band Pass Filter. The Cut of frequencies are 1.2756 kHz and 10 kHz (From
graph)
Problem 3 : Schematics

30V

20V

10V

0V
100Hz 300Hz 1.0KHz 3.0KHz 10KHz 30KHz 100KHz
V(L1:1)
Frequency
Discussion:

Steady-state AC analysis using tools like PSpice offers invaluable insights into circuit behaviors
under sinusoidal excitation. By exploring circuits at specific frequencies, we gain a
comprehensive understanding without physical construction. AC sources, structured akin to DC
counterparts, encompass cosine waveforms with designated phase angles. The ".AC" command
sets the frequency range for these sources, facilitating frequency-based models essential for
phasor analysis. Meanwhile, the ".PRINT AC" command extracts phasor values—magnitude,
phase angle, real, and imaginary parts—providing critical data for result interpretation.

The analysis, exemplified through circuit simulations, unveils voltage and current characteristics
at specified frequencies, elucidating circuit performance nuances. Additionally, frequency
sweeps using different sweep types like LIN, OCT, and DEC enable the exploration of filters and
the determination of cutoff frequencies. Engineers leverage these tools to cascade filter types,
predict filter behaviors, and comprehend circuit responses across a spectrum of frequencies.