18-19. Jahrhundert Kriegsführung Regeln [8.

0]
[8.1]
ACTIVATING HEADQUARTERS ....... 7
COMMAND POINTS 7
[8.2] COMBAT UNIT 7
[8.3] ATTACKING COMBAT UNIT 8
[8.4] DEFENDING COMBAT UNIT 8

[9.0] ACTIONS (Table Five) ............................ 8

[9.1] ALLOWED ACTION’S 8
[9.4] DEPLOYING, See case [5.7] 8
[9.5] MOUNTING & DISMOUNTING 8
[9.7] LIMBERING & UNLIMBERING 9

[10.0] MOVEMENT (Table Six)........................ 9

[10.1] MOVEMENT ALLOWANCE 9
[10.2] MOVEMENT RESTRICTIONS 9
[10.4] TRAVEL MODE 9
[10.5] RETREAT MOVE 9
[10.6] REACTION MOVE 9
[10.7] CHARGE RANGE 9

[11.0] DIRECT FIRE (Table Seven) ................. 9

[11.1] DIRECT FIRE ELIGIBILITY 9
[11.2] OPPORTUNITY FIRE (Table Ten) 9
[11.3] RETURN FIRE 10
[11.4] DIRECT FIRING ARCS 10

[12.0] CLOSE ASSAULT (Table Eight) ......... 10

[12.1] CLOSE ASSAULT 10
[12.2] CLOSE ASSAULT MOVE 11
[12.3] DEFINING EACH CLOSE COMBAT 11
[12.4] CLOSE COMBAT 11
[12.5] CLOSE SUPPORT 12
[12.6] ENDING A CLOSE COMBAT 12
[12.7] FOLLOW-ON CLOSE COMBAT & SUPPORT 12
[12.8] MIXED GOOD ORDER & DISORDERED
ELEMENTS 12
[12.9] COMMAND BONUS (Optional) 13

[13.0] FIRE & CLOSE COMBAT (Table Nine)

13
[13.1] ELIGIBILITY TO FIRE 13
[13.2] FIRE EFFECTIVNESS (FE) DETERMINATION 13
[13.4] BASIC & FINAL FIRE COLUMN 13
[13.5] FIRE LOSS PROCEDURE 13

Part 1: Rules (3 Column)

[13.6] TABLE NINE: DIRECT FIRE MODIFIER CHART 13
[13.7] TABLE TEN: CLOSE COMBAT MODIFIERS 14
[13.8] TABLE ELEVEN: FIRE & CLOSE COMBAT
TABLE 14
[13.9] INDIRECT FIRE 14

Napoleonische-
[14.0] ENGINEERING..................................... 14
[14.1] COMMON TASKS 14
[14.2] DESTROYING BRIDGES 14
[14.5] LINEAR OBSTRUCTIONS 14
[14.6] FORTIFICATION & ENTRENCHMENTS 14

Kriegsführung v2.1
[14.7] SPECIALIST TASKS 14
[14.8] BUILDING BRIDGES 14
[14.9] FERRIES 14

PHASE 4: HOUSEKEEPING PHASE

15
NKF (1685-1845) [15.0]
[15.1]
HOUSEKEEPING ................................. 15
HOUSEKEEPING PROCEDURE 15

(Welt im Krieg – Schnelles Spiel)

[15.2] RALLY TEST 15
[15.3] RALLY PLACEMENT 15
[15.4] TEST TO RETREAT 15
Peter Frederick Model © 3. Februar 2024 [15.5] TEST TO WIN (Optional) 15

[16.0] DAYLIGHT AND NIGHTFALL .......... 15

A Regimental Element Scale, Army Game of Napoleonic Warfare [16.1] DAY LENGTH 15

(Based on the Korps-Kommandeur v6.0, KK6, Game System) [17.0] CLIMATIC REGIONS & SEASONS
[4.1] QUALITY TEST 5 (Table Fourteen) .................................................. 15
TABLE OF CONTENTS [4.2]
[4.3]
COMMANDERS (H.Q.)
CASUALTIES
5
5
[17.1] TABLE 15: CLIMATIC REGIONS AND SEASONS,
See Case [16.1] 15
[4.4] SPENT (Optional Rule) 5
PART 1: RULES 2 [4.5] EFFECTS OF QUALITY 5 [18.0] WEATHER............................................. 15
[18.1] WEATHER EFFECTS 15
[1.0] INTRODUCTION ................................... 2 [5.0] TROOP ORDER ..................................... 5
[1.1] BASIC CONCEPTS 2 [5.1] DISORDER 5 [19.0] TERRAIN (Table Fifteen) ..................... 16
[1.2] SCALE & BASING 2 [5.2] DISRUPTED 5 [19.1] TERRAIN TYPES 16
[1.3] SETTING UP 2 [5.4] FATIGUE (Optional) 5 [19.2] TERRAIN HEIGHT 16
[1.4] PLAYING AREA 2 [5.5] EXHAUSTION (Optional) 6 [19.3] BUILD-UP AREA’S 16
[1.5] TERRAIN, See Case [19.0] 3 [5.6] RESTING (Optional) 6 [19.4] TERRAIN DEFINITION (See Charts & Tables) 16
[1.6] BASE WIDTHS 3 [5.7] DEPLOYING, See case [9.4] 6
[1.7] ELEMENT CATEGORY & TYPES 3 [5.8] TAKING COVER, See Case [5.1] and Case [5.7] 6 [20.0] CREDITS................................................ 16
[1.8] TROOP TYPES 3 [5.9] LOOSE FORMATION 6
[1.9] ELEMENT CLASS, MORALE & SKILL 3
[6.0] OBSERVATION (Table Three) ............. 6
Napoleonische-Kriegsführung v2.1 -
[2.0] SEQUENCE OF PLAY (Table One) ...... 3 [6.1] OBSERVATION DISTANCES 6 CHARTS & TABLES 1
[2.1] PHASE 1: INITIATIVE PHASE 3 [6.2] LINE OF SIGHT 6 [19.4] TERRAIN DEFINITION 1
[2.2] PHASE 2: 1st FIRE & MOVEMENT PHASE 3
[2.3] PHASE 3: 2nd FIRE & MOVEMENT PHASE 4 PHASE 1: INITIATIVE PHASE 6
[2.4] PHASE 4: HOUSEKEEPING PHASE 4

[3.0] COMMANDERS ..................................... 4 [7.0] INITIATIVE PHASE (Table Four) ....... 6

[7.1] REINFORCEMENT SUB-PHASE 6
[3.1] C-in-C & SUB-COMMANDERS 4
[7.3] INITIATIVE SUB-PHASE 6
[3.2] BASE COMMANDER QUALITY VALUE 4
[7.4] WEATHER DETERMINATION SUB-PHASE 7
[3.3] COMMANDER PROFESSIONAL SKILL (Optional
[7.5] ELAN SUB-PHASE 7
Rule) 4
[7.6] PRE-GAME INITIATIVE TEST 7
[3.4] COMMANDER INSPIRATIONAL IMPACT
(Optional Rule) 4
PHASE 2/3: FIRE & MOVEMENT
[4.0] TROOP TESTS (Table Two) .................. 5 PHASE 7
Divisions-Kommandeur v1 1 Part 1: Rules
 The major change is moving towards the large base [1.2.1] For 15mm scale each centimetre represents

PART 1: RULES
philosophy, similar to LWRS, where elements in
base to base contact move as a single unit and
conduct combat as a single unit against any enemy
elements in contact, and any other enemy elements
[1.0] INTRODUCTION in bases to base contact. This makes inflicting
casualties a bit more complex, but as I will be
50 metres, which represents a scale of 1:5000. If
using 25mm scale figure replaces all centimetres
with inches, thus one inch represents 50 metres,
representing a scale of 1:1968. In all cases the width
of the elements is 200 metres.

Napoleonische-Kriegsführung v2 is based on the
Korps-Kommandeur v6, KK6, game system, which
is a game system designed for micro-armour
conflicts. In turn this game system is based on the
Corps Commander set of rules by Bruce Rea Taylor,
although I must admit they have been totally
rewritten.
I never expected to base a set of Napoleonic figure
gaming rules on a game system designed to simulate
World War II and modern conflicts. As with many
of my projects, this was accidental.
I accidently discovered an old set of Napoleonic
rules printed in November 1990 and loosely based
on DBA. I must have been involved in the printing
of the rules, but I do not remember providing any
input into the game system, so the credit for that
goes to others, unknown, gamers. The rules were
used for club games, in an era of WRG Napoleonic
and Empire 3rd Edition rules. For the time it was
rather revolutionary, but today not so advanced.
I have scanned this set of rules, reformatted it and
made is available on the Tallion IO:Group site, but
during this exercise I also decided to do a deep dive
into DBN v2.1, the 2013 version. This is much
closer to DBA and I must admit holds promise, but I
suspect its strength is in a standard sized game of 12
elements per side. As a game I cannot recommend it
more, it gives you a good, short and exciting game,
but larger games require more players, each pair
controlling 12 elements each, This ends up being a
single battle, but lots of separate games, for game
mechanics reasons, related to scale.
I will most certain pursue DBN as I consider them
good rules, but in my play testing I realised that the
KKv6 game system could be used for Napoleonic
and in a manner which allows each player to
command 50 element forces, while at a scale of
1000 men per element gives you a force of 40,000 to
50,000. You could probably do the same thing by
converting DBMM to Napoleonic’s as well, but i
will leave that to someone more experienced in
DBMM. I did consider doing it with DBM, which I
know very well, and that may be a project for the
future. Instead I have decided to convert KK6 into a
Napoleonic set of rules.
The ground scale is 1:5000, or 1 cm = 50 metres,
and uses a figure scale of 1:250. A line infantry
element, at 4 cm wide, covers 200 metres and
consists of 1000 men. Assuming a 3 deep line the
frontage would be 200 metres, so that matches
history. A column would be represented by
additional elements to the rear, or if by itself, a
column with some form of zone of control to each
side. As with Tallion and DBN, formations are
assumed to be automatically adopted for maximum
benefit thus a player would not need to worry about
forming square, line or column, except in terms of
placing elements behind each other.
The game-turn scale was a struggle; Marengo lasted
from the morning to past 17:00, so between 10 and
12 hours. The standard game-turn length was 15min
in both Tallion and DBN, so would take 40 to 50
game-turns, which is very long. The other issue is at
1:5000 ground scale infantry would move, in
formation, no more than 5 cm in a game-turn. As
KK6 allows for two actions, each action would be
2.5 cm, which is short. I have adopted a 60 minute
game-turn scale, which means actions will be 5cm
and combats will be short, but possibly complex.
adopting the Neu v2 system of no strength points, it [1.2.2] Each game-Turn represents 60 minutes.
should be manageable. The idea is to create a game [1.2.3] Each figure represents 250 infantry, 200
where players can easily complex a game within 4 cavalry, or 12 artillery pieces. Each infantry element
hours, while commanding forces of between 40,000 represents 1000 infantry, skirmish element 500
and 50,000 men. infantry and cavalry elements 800 cavalry.
[1.1] BASIC CONCEPTS [1.3] SETTING UP
General Rules; Player should follow the following procedure when
A player represents the army commander, or C-in-C, setting up;
which is made up of between two and six
1. Players setup the playing area, deploying any
corps/divisional sized formations, each under the
terrain as required.
command of a Commander, or sub-commander.
2. Players write down the square troops will enter
Each sub-commander possess a number of
divisional/brigade sized formations. Each of these the playing area.
3. Troops on the playing area are then deployed as
Division/Brigades consists of a number of elements,
determined by the scenario. Players may choose to
each made up of a number of figures.
secretly deploy troops. Defenders may be placed
anywhere, except the closest 15 cm to the
Cases;
attackers player edge.
[1.1.1] Formation - Army: A player will typically
represent an army commander, or C-in-C,
commanding a number of corps sized formations, [1.4] PLAYING AREA
A typical playing area is 120 cm by 90 cm, or 4 feet
called a command, each of which is commanded by
by 3 feet.
a sub-commander.
[1.1.2] Formation – Corps: Sub-Commanders, or
the C-in-C, commands a corps sized formation, also
called column or wing, which in turn consists of one
to several division/brigade size formations. This
formation ranges from 6,000 to 18,000 men and are
referred to as Commands, as they are commanded by
a Commander, either C-in-C or Sub-Commander..
[1.1.3] Formation – Division/Brigade: Each corps
sized formation consists of a number of
divisional/brigade sized formations, which consist of
a number of elements in base-to-base contact. These
formations do not have a commander and are
subordinated to the C-in-C or a Sub-Commander.
This formation ranges from 2,000 to 9,000 men and
are referred to as Combat Units.
[1.1.4] Element: All figures are mounted on bases,
which are referred to as elements. Artillery are Fig 1.4: A typical playing area (Short axis
mounted one per element, with separate crew figures play)
recommended. Infantry are mounted two to four
figures to an element. Cavalry are mounted one to
two figures an element. Each element is 200 metres
wide.
[1.1.5] Loss: A LOSS results in the element being
removed, which can return if it passes a rally test,
See case [15.2]
[1.1.6] Dice: All dice in the game are d6, of which
several are required.
[1.2] SCALE & BASING
Commentary;
Each element’s base width represents 200 metres,
irrespective of the size of the base width. As a result
the ground scale will vary based on the element
width used. Any element base width can be used, as
long as both sides use the same base widths. If
different troop types use different base widths,
players will need to decide what the standard base
width, which represent 200 metres, is. In most cases
this is determined by using the maximum length
edge of an infantry element, See Case [1.6].
Example: An infantry elements which is 4cm by 2 cm uses a
standard base width of 4 cm. If the infantry element is 2 cm
wide by 3 cm deep, the standard base width in this case is 3
cm. Fig 1.4: A typical playing area (Long axis
play)
Cases;

Divisions-Kommandeur v1 2 Part 1: Rules

[1.5] TERRAIN, See Case [19.0]
[1.5.1] Terrain include Rivers, Roads and Hills. Terrain has
three effects, Observation, Movement and Combat.
Observation: Terrain which offers concealment.
This has an effect on Observation, See Case [6.2]
and Case [9.4] and Case [19.1.2].
Movement: Terrain can double movement rates,
halve movement rates, or prohibit movement, See
Case [9.4] and case [10.1], Case [19.1.3].
Combat: Terrain can provide protection; this
reduces the effect of fire combat or close assault,
See Case [19.1.1]
[1.5.2] For purposes of concealment & protection Area
terrain is divided into the following three types;
Featureless: Offers no concealment or protection,
even if taking cover. (Desert, plains, Steppe) and
See Case [5.7].
Clear: Offers concealment or protection if taking
cover. (Default Terrain), See Case [5.7].
Cluttered: Offers concealment if not taking cover
and additional concealment if taking cover. (Woods
or Built-Up Area), See Case [5.7]. Can also often be
Rough Terrain.
Rough: Offers protection if not taking cover and
additional protection if taking cover. (Woods,
Broken, Built-Up Area). Can also be Cluttered
Terrain, See Case [5.7].
[1.6] BASE WIDTHS
Commentary;
These rules uses base widths as its system of
measurement. If all elements possess the same base
width, that will be used as the Base width measure.
If base widths vary select the largest base width as
the base width measurement, ignoring fringe
element types.
These rules can be used with any basing system,
with the most common being the UK system, which
is 4 cm wide for 15mm, or the US system, which is
3 cm for 15mm. These rules are “element” centric,
thus any element width is allowed as long as all
players use the same width.
Cases;
[1.6.1] Standard UK Basing: For 15mm all
elements are 4 cm wide. Infantry Figures should be
placed on a base 2 cm deep, Cavalry on a base 3 cm
deep, Artillery on a base 4 cm deep and baggage on
a base 8 cm deep. The base may be deeper to
accommodate the figure, and if players wish to
deploy infantry into two ranks a depth of 3 cm is
recommended. C-in-C are mounted on a base 4 cm
deep and sub-commanders on a base 3 cm deep.
These element sizes are also used by DBN version
2.1.
Fig 1.4 Base Size Example, for 1/285 scale
figures
[1.6.2] Standard US Basing: For 15mm all
infantry elements are 2 cm wide by 3 cm deep, all
other elements are 3 cm wide by 3 cm deep. The
depth can be increased to accommodate figures.
[1.6.3] All distances are measured by Base width,
so 1 BW is equal to 4cm if the base width is 4 cm.
Divisions-Kommandeur v1
[1.7] ELEMENT CATEGORY & TYPES
[1.7.1] Element category: Combat elements are
classed as infantry (INF), cavalry (CAV), artillery
(ART) or Baggage (BAG). Headquarters (CMD) are
a special element type described in Case [3.1].
[1.7.2] Element Types: Elements are further
divided into types, the following table provides a list
of these type;
[1.7.3] ELEMENT TYPE CHART (See Charts &
Tables)
[1.7.4] Artillery can represents 2 pdr, or smaller,
guns, 3-pdr guns, British 4 2/5-inch howitzers and
mortars up to 5 ½ inch, 4-pdr guns, 6pdr guns,
British light 12-pdr guns, British light 5 ½ inch
howitzers, French 12-pdr howitzers, Russian 10pdr
howitzers, Prussian 10-pdr howitzers, 8-pdr guns, 9-
pdr guns, Prussian light 12-pdr guns, British heavy 5
½ inch howitzers, 24-pdr howitzers, French 12-pdr
howitzers, Russian 20-pdr howitzers, Prussian 10-
pdr howitzers, British and Prussian heavy 12-pdr
guns and 8-inch howitzers.
[1.7.5] Skirmish cavalry, as well as adopting a
standard two figures per element, can be deployed as
one figure per element. The latter represents fire
combat skirmishing cavalry, allowing it to double its
frontage, but consequently being in a disadvantage
in close combat, See case [1.7.7]
[1.7.6] Light infantry has two modes, two figures
per element or four figures per element, See case
[1.7.7]. When in two figures per element mode, the
infantry is referred to as skirmish infantry.
[1.7.7] Modes: Some troops types have two
modes, standard or skirmish. These troops types can
change mode during a game at the cost of an action,
with the owning player replacing the elements
accordingly. Extra elements are placed to the rear of
the front rank element. If the number of elements are
reduced place the new element in either of the
locations occupied by the skirmish elements. In
some cases elements must change mode in order to
enter certain terrain types.
[1.7.8] 2 rank infantry: The 2 Rank infantry
basing is optional, instead players can use Case
[12.4.9] rule to simulate this. If using the optional 2
rank infantry basing players should not use Case
[12.4.9].
[1.8] TROOP TYPES
Commentary
There are three basic troops types, infantry, Cavalry
and Artillery. Within each type there are a number of
sub-types which can affects movement (MOV), fire
combat (FE/FR) and close assault values (CAE).
[1.8.1] TROOP TYPE MOVEMENT & COMBAT
VALUES (See Charts & tables)
[1.9] ELEMENT CLASS, MORALE &
SKILL
Commentary
Each element has its own Class modifier, which in
turn affects its skill and morale. Class determines an
elements Quality when it attempts to rally from
disruption, See case [15.2]. Morale modifies an
elements Close Assault Effectiveness, See Case
[12.0], while Skill affects and elements Fire
Effectiveness, See case [11.0].
General Rule;
Elements have a Class which affects the elements
ability to rally from being disrupted, See Case
[15.2]. Class also determines skill, which affects an
elements fire combat and Morale which affects close
assault. These latter values are built-in to the
Equipment Charts FE and CAE values for each
Element Type.
3 Part 1: Rules
[1.9.1] ELEMENT CLASS CHART (See Charts &
tables)
[2.0] SEQUENCE OF PLAY
(Table One)
[2.1] PHASE 1: INITIATIVE PHASE
[2.1.1] Reinforcement Placement Sub-Phase:
Reinforcements are deployed on the playing area
edge, or if a Rally or Recover, on the playing area,
See Case [15.2] and Case [15.4].
[2.1.3] Initiative Sub-Phase: Each player rolls for
initiative, See Case [7.0], and determine move order.
[2.1.4] Weather Determination Sub-Phase, See
case [7.4].
[2.1.5] Elan Sub-Phase., See case [7.5]
[2.2] PHASE 2: 1st FIRE &
MOVEMENT PHASE
[2.2.1] Commander Activate Sub-Phase: The
phasing player activates a Commander, either C-in-
C or sub-commander, which has no cost.
[2.2.2] Combat-Unit Activate Sub-Phase: The
activated C-in-C or sub-commander expends
Command Points to activate subordinate “Combat
Units”. All elements must be in base to base contact
to be an eligible Combat Unit.
[2.2.3] Active Combat Unit Movement & fire
sub Phase: All “active” elements subordinate to that
headquarters can conduct movement and fire
combat. Each element has between one and three
“Actions”, each action allows an element to move or
conduct fire combat. This can occur in any order,
and elements can choose not to expend all their
actions, allowing another element to expend actions,
before completing their fire & movement phase by
conducting its remaining actions. Players will need
to keep track of this.
[2.2.4] Attacking Combat Unit Close Assault
Sub-Phase: An active Combat Unit can conduct
close assault by expending an action and its superior
commander expending an additional command
point, about those required to activate the combat
unit. The combat unit can now move, as whole, into
base-to-base contact with the enemy and is referred
to as an “Attacking combat unit”. This move may
trigger opportunity fire. Any activated element in
base to base contact with the attacking combat unit
and with sufficient actions available can be part of
the attacking combat unit. This is conducted after all
non-close assault movement and fire combat has
been completed.
[2.2.5] Close Combat Sub-Phase: Opportunity
fire is resolved and the close combat may begin. The
Attacking Combat Unit conducts as many rounds of
close combat as is required, until one side is
eliminates or retires. All enemy elements in base to
base contact with the attacking elements, including
edges and any enemy elements in base to base
contact to the rear, are considered the defending
combat unit. The Attacking Combat Unit totals its
eligible die rolls to determine how many HITS are
achieved, the defending unit does the same. Both
sides now spin a SAVE die for each HIT. The
resulting HITS and CASULTIES are now compared
to determine if one side retires. After the first round
each side can voluntarily retire. If they remain in
base to base contact, the close combat continues.
After this is any Opposing elements in base to base
contact remain, they continue close combat until no
opposing elements are in base to base contact with
each other, See Case [12.7.1] and Case [12.7.2].
[2.2.6] Fire & Movement End Sub-Phase: Once
all activated elements subordinate to a commander
have completed their fire & Movement, another
commander is activated. This is repeated until all
commanders have been activated and all activated
elements have conducted fire and movement, See
Case [8.0].
[2.3] PHASE 3: 2nd FIRE &
MOVEMENT PHASE
The opposing player is now the phasing
player, who repeats the 1st Fire and Movement
Phase.
[2.4] PHASE 4: HOUSEKEEPING
PHASE
Players conduct all housekeeping activates, after
which they advance the game-Turn marker. These
will include element attempt to recover and rallying,
See Case [15.0].
[3.0] COMMANDERS
Commentary;
The rules are designed so in most cases elements has
a Quality of 3. The actual element may differ in
Class, Moral and Skill, but these values are built into
the Part 3 Equipment Data Charts, which are
contained in the Scenario pdf file. Players can
simply assume this standard Quality value for their
games and by-pass many of the Quality rules. The
complexity related to different quality values are all
contained in the Commander rules, as the Basic
quality of any Element is taken from their
commander, in most cases the sub-commander.
General Rule;
Each players army, or force mix, is commanded by
an Army Commander, otherwise referred to as a C-
in-C. Each C-in-C has a Base Quality, which is used
for initiative, See case [7.0], allowed Actions, See
case [9.0], Command Points, See case [8.1] and
determines the base quality for its subordinate
elements, if any.
Subordinate to the C-in-C are any directly attached
elements and all the corps/divisional commanders,
also referred to as sub-commanders. Each sub-
commander has its own base Quality, which is used
to determined allowed Action, Command Points and
determines the Base Quality of its subordinate
elements within its command.
This Base Quality represents a combination of the
nationality doctrine, tactics, training and
organisation and any unique command capabilities
of the C-in-C, See Case [3.2]. A C-in-C also possess
a professional skill value which represents the
special ability, or professional skill, of the individual
commander, See Case [3.3]
The Base quality of a Commander can range from
one to six, although quality six only applies to
Fanatic Commanders, which have a range of special
restrictions. In most cases Quality will range from 1,
which is Incompetent and is very poor, to five,
which is superior, and which is very good.
A C-in-C or Sub-Commander can also possess its
own Professional Skill, which impacts the number of
command points available. Professional skill only
affects how many command points a Commander
possess.
Finally a commander also possesses an Inspirational
Impact, which allows a command, at the risk of his
own life, to inspire his subordinate elements to
prevent it from becomes disrupted.
Divisions-Kommandeur v1
The Quality value of an army or corps commander
affects the number of command points it has
available each game-turn, See Case [8.1], and any
Quality tests required by the army or corps
commander or any subordinate elements, See case
[4.0].
Cases;
Fig [3.0] Commander Quality & Professional Skill
[3.1] C-in-C & SUB-COMMANDERS
General Rule;
An army commander is called the C-in-C and the
corps commander is called a sub-commander. The
C-in-C or Sub-Commander element has a Quality
value, See case [4.2], and may have a Professional
Skill value, See case [3.3].
Cases;
[3.1.1] C-in-C or Sub-Commander elements can be
the target of fire combat or close assault and can
move as any other element, counting mounted, See
Case [10.1.2].
[3.1.2] C-in-C or Sub-Commander elements cannot
conduct fire combat or initiate close assault.
[3.1.3] If a C-in-C or Sub-Commander element is
eliminated, its subordinate elements lack a
Commander for the full game-turn the commander
was killed. During this period all elements have a
base quality of 0. During the following game turn a
new Commander element is deployed, which has a
quality 1 less than the eliminated Commander
element, with the minimum being 1. This affects the
quality of all subordinate elements, See Case [5.4].
The Professional skill modifier is lost permanently
in this case.
[3.1.4] Corp Commander, or sub-commander,
elements have a command radius of 5 Base Widths
and Army Commander, or C-in-C, elements a
command radius of 10 Base Widths. Subordinate
elements outside the command radius of its
Commander have a Quality one less than the
Commander, with the minimum being 1. This also
applies to sub-Commanders. Note: Elements,
including sub-commanders, not on the playing area
are always considered to be within the command
radius of its commander C-in-C Commander.
[3.1.5] C-in-C or Sub-Commander elements can be
considered to occupy the same spot as a subordinate
element in base to base contact with it. This protects
it from enemy fire combat and is called stacking. C-
in-C or Sub-Commander elements move into the
same spot as its subordinate element, after which it
moves with the subordinate element. Depict this by
placing the Commander element in base to base
contact and declare it is stacked. Once stacked it
cannot be the target of fire combat, but if the
subordinate element is disrupted or eliminated the
commander is eliminated.
Example: A Quality.3 sub-commander is outside the
command radius of its commanding C-in-C commander,
resulting in its Quality rating dropping to 2. This affects all
subordinate elements. If one of its subordinate element is,
in turn, outside the command radius its Quality rating
dropped to 1. Quality.1 is the lowest rating an element, or
commander, could drop for this cause.
[3.1.6] A C-in-C or Sub-Commander Professional
Skill Value affects a commander command quality
for the purposes of command points only, See case
[3.3].
4 Part 1: Rules
[3.1.7] Subordinate Elements: Each commander
will have a number of designated subordinate
elements. The only exception is that the C-in-C has
the option of possessing subordinate elements or not.
Subordinate elements of a sub-commander must
always remain subordinate to that sub-commander,
unless the C-in-C decided to make then a
subordinate element. This can happen during any
Phasing Fire and Movement Phase and these
elements must be within the command radius of the
C-in-C. This transfer of command occurs at the start
of the C-in-C’s activation. Once they elements
become subordinate to the C-in-C this must remain
during the entire phasing Fire and Movement Phase.
The reverse can occur, with any sub-commander
being able to subordinate any element, under C-in-C
command, at the start of their activation. These
elements must have been subordinate to the C-in-C
at the start of the Phasing Fire and Movement Phase
to become subordinated to a sub-commander.
Note: C-in-C can adopt any element within command
radius, as long as these elements had not yet been
activated in the current player phase. The reserve can occur
in the following Game-Turn, allowing the C-in-C the ability
of moving subordinate elements around his army. Element
which begin the game subordinate to the C-in-C can be
allocated to subordinate sub-commanders as required,
providing the player with a form of reserve.
[3.2] BASE COMMANDER QUALITY
VALUE
General Rule;
All Commanders, both C-in-C or sub-commanders,
have a Quality Value, which determines the quality
of any subordinate elements for Quality Tests, See
Case [4.1], and affects the number of Command
Points available, See Case [8.1].
Example: A Command quality of 3 means all subordinate
elements have a base quality of 3, See case [3.0]. A C-in-C
also uses this value to determine initiative, See Case [7.0]
Commentary;
A Quality value is assigned to a commander and all
subordinate elements possess the same Quality. This
represents a combination of commander and troop
organisation, tactics, doctrine, experience and
training.
[3.2.1] COMMANDER QUALITY CHART (See
Charts & tables)
[3.3] COMMANDER PROFESSIONAL
SKILL (Optional Rule)
General Rule;
Professional skill can affect the number of command
points available for both a C-in-C or a sub-
commander. The Personal Commander Quality
represents the special ability, or professional skill, of
the individual commander. Professional skill only
affects available command points for that
commander.
[3.3.1] COMMANDER PROFESSIONAL SKILL
MODIFIER CHART. (See Charts &
tables)
[3.4] COMMANDER INSPIRATIONAL
IMPACT (Optional Rule)
General Rule;
Each Commander has an Inspirational Impact, which
modifies the die roll of any attempt to save an
elements from becoming disrupted. If such an
attempt is made there is a chance the commander
will be killed.
Cases;
[3.4.1] A commander in the same “combat-unit” as
any elements which suffers a disrupt result can
attempt to prevent the disrupt result. To be in the
same combat-unit both the commander and the
element suffering the disrupt result must be in base
to base contact with the same “combat-unit”. A
commander can only attempt this once in a given
Game-turn. A player is never forced to attempt this.
[3.4.2] If the commander spins a “1” on a D6, in
the attempt to prevent a disrupt result, the
commander is killed, See case [3.1.3]. If this occurs
the save is automatically successful.
[3.4.3] Commander Emergency Rally Save
Table
Inspirational Impact
Charismatic
Roll to save
Up to 5
Inspirational Up to 4
Impersonal Up to 3
Uninspiring Up to 2
[3.4.4] Elements which are saved remain
disordered, but may be disrupted in subsequent
combat in the same player turn.
[4.0] TROOP TESTS (Table
Two)
General Rule;
Some activity’s require an element to pass a Quality
test, otherwise that activity cannot occur. An
elements Base Quality Value is taken from its
Commanders Quality Value, See Case [3.2], but
may be modified by its Class, See case [1.9], when
conducting a Rally, See Case [15.2].
Commentary;
Quality represents a combination of training,
equipment and experience. For simplicity names are
given to each quality value as a easy to remember
label. This name represents the most suitable name,
but Quality.2 troops could represent troops which
have seen combat, but with poor equipment,
motivation or unusually poor command doctrine, or
trained troops which have never seen action.
Cases;
[4.1] QUALITY TEST
[4.1.1] Elements which need to conduct a quality
test spins a D6. If the result is equal to, or less, than
its quality it has passed, otherwise it has failed. A
Die roll of 6 always results in a failure, as a result
Quality.6 (fanatic) commander gains no Quality test
benefits, but does gain the ability to have three
Actions, See Case [4.1.4].
[4.1.2] CHART 2: QUALITY TEST TRIGGER
CHART
Quality 1 or 2 element executing a 2nd Action, See Case
[4.1.3] and Case [9.1.2]
Quality 5 or 6 element executing a 3rd Action, See Case
[4.1.4] and Case [9.1.2]
Engineers destroy a bridge, See Case [14.2]
Rally an element, See Case [15.2].
[4.1.3] Elements with a Quality rating of 1 or 2
need to pass a quality test in order to conduct a 2nd
Action.
[4.1.4] Only elements with a Quality rating of 5 or
6 can conduct a 3rd action if they pass a Quality test.
4.1.5] TABLE 2: QUALITY TEST
D6 Die Roll Result
6 – unless testing for a 3rd Action Fail
Die roll Greater than Quality Fail
Die roll equal to or less the Quality
Pass
Modifier Modifier
Commander suffers at least 50% casualties -1
Commander suffered at least 75% casualties -2
Divisions-Kommandeur v1
[4.2] COMMANDERS (H.Q.)
Elements outside the command radius of its
Commander has its Quality reduced by 1. If a
Commander is eliminated the quality of all
subordinate elements is Quality.0 until a
replacement Commander is deployed. This
replacement Commander has a Quality one less than
the eliminated Commander, but this can never fall
below 1, See Case [3.1.3]. The replacement
Commander is placed in base to base contact with
any subordinate element.
[4.3] CASUALTIES
If a Commanders command has suffered at least
50% casualties its Quality is reduced by 1. If a
Commander command has suffered 75%, or more,
casualties its Quality is reduced by 2. Quality can
never drop below 1 due to casualties. This is
determined by the total number of subordinate
elements, excluding the Commander itself, any non-
combat elements and any off-playing area elements.
Casualties are any elements removed from the
playing area. The C-in-C counts the number of all
on-playing area elements in the army.
Example: A Commander has 12 subordinate combat
elements, but has lost 6 elements, which means an element
was removed and has failed its rally test, resulting in its
removal from the game. In this case the Command quality
reduces by 1. Elements returning due to rally may cause the
Commanders quality to increase.
[4.4] SPENT (Optional Rule)
General Rule;
Spend represents elements which are more fragile,
caused by exhaustion, lack of ammunition or shaken
confidence. Spend elements which suffer a disorder
becomes disrupted, removed from the playing area,
with no rally possible. Apart from this they conduct
movement, fire combat and quality tests normally.
Disordered elements which recover conduct a
quality test, if they fail they become spend. All
elements which rally and return to the playing area
are spent.
[4.5] EFFECTS OF QUALITY
Commentary;
Quality is used in a number of different ways in the
rules, this lists the impact of quality.
Cases;
A commander uses Quality to determine the number
of actions available, See Case [4.1.2]
When a Commander is fatigued it must conduct a
Quality test if it wishes to conduct more than one
action, this applies to all its subordinate elements,
irrespective of Quality, See Case [5.4.3]
Exhausted Commanders can never conduct more
than one action and must take a Quality test for this,
See case [5.5]
A Commanders available Command Points, during
each Phasing Fire & Movement Phase is equal to its
current Quality, See Case [8.1.1]
The test to retreat is a standard quality test, using the
C-in-C’s quality, subtracting 5 from the die roll, See
Case [15.4.3]
If a player gains an Elan bonus, all elements allowed
actions increase by one, to a maximum of 3. If a
Quality of 1 or 2 can execute two actions and the
third requires a quality test, See Case [7.5]
Quality of 1 or 2. A 2nd action is only allowed if a
quality test is passed, See case [9.1.2]
Quality of 5 or 6. A 3rd action is allowed if a quality
test is passed, See case [9.1.2]
5 Part 1: Rules
Any element, which has not been activated, may
make a facing change after a successful quality
check, if unsuccessful no facing change is allowed,
See Case [10.6.1]
Close Assault Modifiers, Difference in Quality
Value, See Case [13.7.1]
Engineer elements can attempt to destroy bridges
after a successful quality test. If a major bridge this
has to be repeated, with the first successful quality
test damaging the bridge and the 2nd destroying it,
See Case [14.5.1].
Engineers can destroy linear obstructions after a
successful quality test, See Case [14.5.3]
[5.0] TROOP ORDER
General Rule;
Elements can possess good order, be disordered or
disrupted. Disorder and disruption are caused by
enemy close combat or fire combat, See Case
[13.5.9] and Case [13.8.1], or if carried away by a
retreat, See Case [10.5.3]. Elements can also be
fresh, fatigued or exhausted, with fatigue and
exhaustion being caused by prolonged activity.
Cases;
[5.1] DISORDER
[5.1.1] Elements which become disordered due to
fire combat automatically take cover, if not already,
and may make a retreat move, See case [10.5.1],
before taking cover. If the element is currently
taking cover or is in terrain which offer’s cover, it
cannot conduct a retreat move
[5.1.2] Elements which becomes disordered in
close combat continue to fight, but if they retreat
they automatically take cover at the end of their
retreat move, See Case [12.4.2].
[5.1.3] Elements which are carried away by a
retreat become disordered, See Case [10.5.3].
[5.1.4] Disordered element half the number of dice,
rounded up, in fire combat or close combat, See
Case [13.4.8].
[5.1.5] An element recovers from disorder by the
expenditure of an action, See Case [9.1.3]. Until this
occurs it cannot move, conduct opportunity fire, or
return fire, but can conduct close combat if engaged
by an enemy close assault or conduct fire combat.
[5.2] DISRUPTED
If a disordered elements suffers a 2nd disorder, or
suffers a disrupted due to enemy fire combat or close
assault is disrupted, See Case [13.5.6] and Case
[13.8.7]. If disrupted an element is removed from the
playing area and is eligible for rally, See Case
[15.2].
[5.4] FATIGUE (Optional)
Commentary
Use a six sided dice to track fatigue. The first Game-
turn a command is active place a D6 with one
showing. For each Game-Turn a command is active
increment the dice by one at the end of the Game-
Turn during the housekeeping Phase. Once the dice
reaches six that command is fatigued the following
Game-Turn.
Cases;
[5.4.1] A Commander, as well as all subordinate
elements, which is active for six Game Turns
becomes fatigued at the end of the Game-Turn,
during the housekeeping Phase. Skipped night
Game-Turns are counted for the purposes of Fatigue,
See Case [16.1.3].
[5.4.2] Being Active is defined as any Commander,
or subordinate element moving or conducting fire
combat. Subordinate Commanders are not counted
as subordinate elements, See Case [3.1].
[5.4.3] When a Commander is fatigued it must
conduct a Quality test if it wishes to conduct more
than one action, this applies to all its subordinate
elements, irrespective of Quality.
[5.5] EXHAUSTION (Optional)
Commentary
Use a 2nd six sided dice, of a different colour, to
track exhaustion. The first Game-turn a fatigued
command is active place a D6 with one showing.
For each Game-Turn a command is active increment
the dice by one at the end of the Game-Turn during
the housekeeping Phase. Once the dice reaches six
that command is exhausted the following Game-
Turn.
Cases;
If a fatigued Commander, as well as all subordinate
elements, is active for an additional six Game-Turns,
it becomes exhausted. Exhausted Commanders can
never conduct more than one action and must take a
Quality test for this.
[5.6] RESTING (Optional)
[5.6.1] If a Commander, or any subordinate
element, does not move, conduct fire combat,
conduct close assault, or is subject to enemy fire
combat, the fatigue or exhaustion count can be
reduced by one. That commander, and subordinated
elements, is resting and recovering.
[5.6.2] If a Commander, or any subordinate
element is only subject to enemy fire combat, the
fatigue or exhaustion count does not change. Fatigue
or Exhaustion does not get worst, but this does not
counta s resting.
[5.6.3] Once fatigued or exhausted a commander
and subordinate elements cannot recover by resting.
Note: A player can use a D6 dice to track fatigue, once the
dice is a six and the unit is active for one more game-turn, it
becomes fatigue. Once fatigued the same process can be
sued to track exhaustion.
[5.7] DEPLOYING, See case [9.4]
Elements can deploy for defence. If an element
deploys, which requires the expenditure of 1 action,
it can take advantage of terrain which offers
concealment and protection as well as adopting a
lower profile, such as kneeling. Concealment affects
observation while protection affects fire combat, See
Case [6.0] and Case [9.4]. If an element moves it is
no longer deployed, See case [9.1.3]. Note: Once
deployed an element is taking cover.
[5.8] TAKING COVER, See Case [5.1]
and Case [5.7]
Elements which are disordered, See Case [5.1], or
deployed, See Case [5.7], are considered to be taking
cover and gain a fire combat benefit, See and Case
[13.6.1]. If in cluttered terrain, which offers extra
concealment, or Rough Terrain which offered extra
protection, the effect is greater. Elements taking
cover in featureless terrain has either no effect or is
only done to avoid the disadvantages of being in
featureless terrain, See Case [13.6.1], Case [13.7.2],
it does not provide any benefits, unless in
fortifications or entrenchments.
[5.9] LOOSE FORMATION
[5.9.1] Elements need to adopt a loose formation
when required to move through some types of
terrain. This occurs when the element needs to move
through the terrain causing it and they recover the
moment they exit that terrain. There is no cost for
moving to or from a loose formation.
Divisions-Kommandeur v1
[5.9.2] Adopting a loose formation has a negative
effect when conducting fire combat or if engaged in
close combat, See case [13.7.3].
[5.9.3] Line and Light infantry (Ms/LI) must
adopt loose formation in open woods (OW), woods
(W), Heavy woods (HW) or village, town or city
build-up terrain (BUA1, BUA2 or BUA3).
[5.9.4] Skirmishers (Sk/Jg) must adopt loose
formation in heavy woods (HW, F, J) or City built-
up terrain (BUA3)
[5.9.5] Cavalry (CAV) must adopt loose formation
in Open woods (OW), woods (W) or village, town or
city build-up terrain (BUA1, BUA2 or BUA3).
Prohibited in Heavy Woods (HW), Forest (F) or
Jungle (J).
[5.9.6] Artillery or Transport (ART/TRN) must
adopt loose formation in open woods (OW) or
village, town or city build-up terrain (BUA1, BUA2
or BUA3). ART is prohibited in woods or heavy
woods (W, HW)
[5.9.7] If Cavalry adopts loose formation it always
uses its lower CAE value, it does not gain a benefit
charging, See Case [1.8.1].
[5.9.8] LOOSE FORMATION CHART (See
Charts & Tables)
[6.0] OBSERVATION
(Table Three)
Commentary;
An Element can observe another element as long as
there is a unblocked line of sight exists between the
two elements. In some cases a LOS is blocked when
it is traced more than a certain distance through
some types of terrain. Lighting conditions can also
impose a maximum distance.
Cases;
[6.1] OBSERVATION DISTANCES
General Rule;
To determine if an element can observe another trace
a unblocked line of sight between the two elements.
Lighting conditions can impose the maximum
distance of a LOS, See Case [6.1.1]
Cases;
[6.1.1] TABLE 3: OBSERVATION DISTANCE
CHART (Base Widths)(See Charts &
Tables)
[6.2] LINE OF SIGHT
General Rule;
Line of sight can be blocked by opaque terrain, such
as hills. Other terrain can block a line of sight if it
traverses a given distance through it, such as with
cluttered terrain. Enemy and friendly elements
blocks a line of sight, unless Skirmishers, ART or
TRN elements, See Case [6.2.4] and Case [6.2.5].
Friendly elements in base to base contact do not
block a line of sight, its assumed the elements are
working together thus are deployed to allow a line of
sight to exists if required, See Case [6.2.6]
Cases;
[6.2.1] Line of sight is blocked if traversing more
than ¼ Base Width, if Heavy Cluttered terrain, or ½
Base Width, if standard cluttered terrain, or 1 Base
Width if Open Cluttered terrain. Cluttered terrain
can be woods or built-up areas.
[6.2.2] Elements on the edge of cluttered terrain
suffer no observation effects when observing
outwards.
[6.2.3] Line of sight is blocked by higher elevation
terrain, See Case [19.2]
6 Part 1: Rules
[6.2.4] Friendly or Enemy elements block line of
sight, exception, See Case [6.2.5] and case [6.2.6]
[6.2.5] Skirmishers, ART or TRN never block a
line of sight, allowing some type of fire combat to
occur through these element types, See case [11.1.3].
[6.2.6] Friendly elements in base to base contact
never block a line of sight, allowing direct fire
combat through these elements, unless opportunity
fire. When elements are in base to base contact they
are working together and formations may move to
allow for a line of sight, if required.
[6.2.7] Elements on higher elevation can see over
friendly and enemy elements on a lower elevation,
unless in the dead zone of the element. The dead
zone of an element is 1 Base Width.
[6.2.8] If Elements are behind the crest of a hill,
line of sight is blocked. Exception, line of sight is
not blocked if the element conducted fire combat in
the current game-Turn, or previous Fire and
Movement Phase.
[6.2.9] TABLE 3: BLOCKING LOS CHART
Terrain LOS Blocked
Open/Light Cluttered 1 BW
Standard Cluttered ½ BW
Closed/Heavy Cluttered ¼ BW
Hills Blocks
PHASE 1:
INITIATIVE
PHASE
[7.0] INITIATIVE PHASE
(Table Four)
General Rule;
During the initiative Phase both players place
reinforcements and determine initiative, in that
order. The Fire & Movement order is determine
during this Phase.
Cases;
[7.1] REINFORCEMENT SUB-PHASE
[7.1.1] During the initiative Phase players deploy
all reinforcements. Reinforcements are either placed
on the friendly player edge or, if a rally or recovery,
on the playing area, See Case [14.1.2].
[7.1.2] An attacker initial forces, which are not
deployed on the playing area before play begins,
must be deployed by the first daylight Game-Turn.
[7.1.3] Reinforcement which arrive from off the
playing area enter the playing area from the friendly
player edge. The entry location must be free of
enemy opportunity fire zones. The player can delay
the entry of his reinforcements by one Game-Turn
and enter from a flank edge, within 4 Base Widths of
the friendly player edge, in order to avoid enemy
opportunity fire zones. This option is not available to
the attackers initial forces which can enter an enemy
opportunity fire zone if no alternative exists.
[7.3] INITIATIVE SUB-PHASE
[7.3.1] During the initiative Phase each player
spins one D6. This die result is added to the
commanding headquarters quality value and any
scenario related modifiers are applied, to arrive at
that player’s initiative value, Also see Case [7.3.3].
[7.3.2] The player with the highest initiative
chooses to be either the 1st or 2nd player for the
current Game-Turn. If the result is identical, repeat
the player order of the previous game-turn.
[7.3.3] A player which outnumbers its opponent
element total by 20% on the playing area gains a +1
to the initiative die roll. Note: This includes any
elements which are arriving the current game-turn
and are on the player edge.
[7.4] WEATHER DETERMINATION
SUB-PHASE
If the combined die roll of both players is a 2, the
weather improves. Blizzard to snow, snow to clear
or heavy rain to rain and rain to clear. If the
combined value is 12 is spun the weather
deteriorates, reverse the weather order, See Case
[18.0]
[7.5] ELAN SUB-PHASE
If a player modified initiative die roll is five, or
greater, than his opponent, gains an Elan bonus. All
players elements allowed actions increase by one, to
a maximum of 3. Commanders with a Quality of 1
or 2 can execute two actions and the third requires a
quality test. Other Commanders can conduct three
actions. For Elan bonus purposes any modifiers are
not considered.
[7.6] PRE-GAME INITIATIVE TEST
Before the game begins each players spins two D6,
adding it to the headquarters quality. The player with
this high value is considered the attacker, with the
other player the defender. The defender identified
one commander with at least 25% of all the elements
in the defenders force mix as reinforcements. The
Game-Turn this arrives is the defenders two D6
results, excluding any modifiers. initiative total, with
the minimum being 3 and maximum being 9.
PHASE 2/3:
FIRE &
MOVEMENT
PHASE
[8.0] ACTIVATING
HEADQUARTERS
General Rule;
Fire and Movement is conducted Commander by
Commander, where all fire and movement is
completed in one Command before moving on to the
next Command. The Phasing player selects a
Commander and “Activates” it and its subordinate
elements in its Command, which has no cost, See
Case [8.1.2].
Once Activated a Commander then expends
“Command Points” to Activate subordinate “Combat
Units”, with the cost to activate being the sum of the
elements divided by four, fraction rounded to the
closest whole number, See Case [8.1.2] and
Exception, See Case [8.1.4]. A Commanders
Command Point availability is equal to its Quality,
See Case [8.1.1], modified by its Professional Skill,
See Case [3.3]. A “Combat-Unit” is any collection
of subordinate elements, owning players choice,
which are in “base-to-Base” contact with each other,
See case [8.2]
Divisions-Kommandeur v1
A Commander can activate subordinate combat-
units in any order in the fire and movement Phase. A
combat unit can be activated to conduct fire and
movement before the next combat unit is activated,
or more than one combat unit can be activated
simultaneously, with each combat unit moving and
conducting fire combat simultaneously, See Case
[8.1.4]. In both cases the combat units(s) must
complete movement and fire combat before another
combat unit(s) can be activated. Once activated a
combat unit can conduct movement or fire combat,
with all its component elements simultaneously
moving and conducting fire combat, See Case
[8.2.1]
Close Assault requires a 2nd activation which require
addition Command Points, as well as the
expenditure of an Action, after which the
“Attacking” Combat-Unit moves into base to base
contact with enemy elements, See Case [12.1.1]. A
Combat Unit which is conducting a close assault is
called an “Attacking Combat Unit”, See Case
[8.1.5].
If two, or more, activated combat-units, with the
necessary “actions” to allow for close assault, are in
base-to-base contact with each other, they can form
a single attacking combat unit. The cost to activate
this “attacking combat unit” may need to be
recalculated, See case [8.1.5]
The elements within the attacking combat unit must
start and end the move in base to base contact, but
can otherwise distort its formation in order to move
into base to base contact with enemy elements, See
case [12.2.2]. Individual elements can start the move
by conducting facing changes in order to line up
with the attacking combat unit, but otherwise this
move to contact cannot involve any wheeling and
must be a forward movement, with sideward moves
up to a maximum of half its forward movement
allowed, See Case [12.2.1]
Enemy elements which find themselves in base to
base contact with the “Attacking Combat Unit”,
including corners, and any elements in base to base
contact to the rear of such an element, become the
“Defending combat unit”, even if elements are not in
base to base contact with each other, See case
[8.4.1]. Opportunity fire, triggered by movement or
close assault, must be fully resolved before any close
combat occurs. Close Combat occurs between the
“Attacking” and “Defending” Combat Unit until
one, or both, are eliminated or retire, See case [12.6]
Commentary;
The rules encourage players to move element in
division, or in some cases, Corps sized multi-element
combat units. Players may use movement trays to
move all the elements in a combat unit. While the
position of an element in such a combat unit is
significant, its assumed all elements in a combat
units are working together and adjusting their
formations to support elements to their front, and
allowing direct fire through elements to their front.
Cases;
[8.1] COMMAND POINTS
General Rule;
Commanders expend command points in order to
activate “Combat Units” or for an activated “Combat
Unit” to execute a Close Assault. A Commanders
available Command points is equal to its Quality, so
a Commander with a Quality of 3 possess 3
command points each Fire & Movement Phase, See
Case [3.1.6]. This may be modified by its
Professional Skill Value, See Case [3.2] and case
[3.3], and any Command Points which may have
been transferred from the C-in-C to it.
Cases;
7 Part 1: Rules
[8.1.1] A Commanders available Command Points,
during each Phasing Fire & Movement Phase, is
equal to its current Quality. Note; A Commander’s
quality may decrease due to being outside command
radius of the C-in-C, replacement, or due to
casualties, See Case [3.1.3], Case [3.1.4] and Case
[3.3].
[8.1.2] Activating a Combat Unit: The cost to
activate a Combat Unit is determined by the number
of elements in the Combat Unity, with the total
normally being divided by 4, fractions rounded to
the closest whole number, with a minimum value of
1 Command Point. A 0.5 is rounded up to 1. This is
called the command divisor. Depending on the
period the divisor of 4 can increase, if the
Commanders formations are small, or decrease if the
commanded formations are large, See case [8.1.3]
Example: A Combat Unit of five elements costs 1 Command
Point to Activate, while a Combat Unit of six element costs
2 Command Points to activate.
[8.1.3] Command Divisor: The divisor used to
determine the number of command points required
to activate a combat unit will vary based on the
average size of the commanded formation, See Case
[8.1.2]. Early corps was small, with corresponding
smaller staff assets to assist the commander, while
later corps was larger with significantly greater staff
assets. When the average size of a corps, of both
sides, was small the divisor used will be 5 or 6,
while when the corps was larger the divisor used
will be 3 or 2. This is detailed in the scenario details,
or if using the card system, on the cards.
[8.1.4] Combat Units can be activated one at a
time, or more than one can be activated
simultaneously. In the former each combat unit
completes all fire and movement before the next
combat unit is activated, in the later the combat units
all fire and move together. Note: The later allows a
player to assemble a larger “attacking” combat unit
to conduct close assault.
[8.1.5] Activating an Attacking Combat Unit for
a Close Assault: The command point cost to allow
an attacking combat unit to move into base to base
contact with enemy elements and initiate close
assault is determined by the number of elements in
it, with the total normally being divided by 4,
fractions rounded to the closest whole number, with
a minimum value of 1 Command Point. This uses
the same divisor as used to activate a command and
is identical to the cost of activating a Combat Unit.
[8.1.6] Travel Mode: Activated elements in travel
mode remain activated, at no further command point
cost, until the element leaves travel mode, See case
[10.4.3].
[8.1.7] C-in-C: A C-in-C or, Army Commander,
which has not yet been activated, can transfer
command points to any subordinate sub-commander
within its command radius. This need to be noted
and affects the number of command points available
to the C-in-C, when it is, in turn, activated. This is
the only method command points can be transferred
between commanders.
[8.1.8] Commanders command quality can be
modified by its professional skill, See Case [3.1.6].
[8.2] COMBAT UNIT
General Rule;
A Combat Unit is any collection of elements which
are subordinate to the same commander and are in
base to base contact with each other. A Combat
Unit is not a formal formation, such as a division or
even a Corps and is instead one or more formal
formations which are operating in unison, moving
and conducting fire combat simultaneously.
Cases;
[8.2.1] Defining a Combat Unit to Activate: A
Combat Unit is declared by the phasing playing
during the Fire & Movement Phase. All elements
must be in base to base contact with each other and
be subordinate to the Active Commander. Once
Activated the elements conduct movement and fire
combat simultaneously. The elements can move out
of base to base contact or conduct different types of
movement and the phasing player can move
elements individually if desired.
[8.2.2] The phasing player can exclude elements in
base to base contact from the combat unit, if desired.
Example: The Commander activated six elements in base to
base contact with each other, two are disordered and four
are not. The Commander expends one Command points in
order to do this. As the Commander has a Quality of 3, all
activated elements can expend two Actions. The phasing
player expends an action to recover from disorder for the
two disordered elements, and expends an action to move
the other four elements to a new location, which is no
longer in base to base contact with the previously
disordered elements. The Commander could have also
activated each group of elements separately, but this would
of cost two Command Points.
Fig [8.2] Combat Unit
All elements, except the Dragoon not in base to base
contact, is part of the Combat Unit, which costs 2 CP to
activate.
[8.3] ATTACKING COMBAT UNIT
General Rule;
An Attacking (or Close Assault) Combat Unit is any
collection of activated elements which are
subordinate to the same commander, are in base to
base contact with each other and which possess
sufficient “actions” to initiate close assault or close
support and move into close combat with enemy
elements.
Cases;
[8.3.1] Defining an Attacking Combat Unit to
initiate a Close Assault: Any activated elements in
base to base contact with each other and with
sufficient actions to initiate a close assault, or close
support, and, in addition, move into close combat
with opposing elements is called an Attacking
Combat Unit.
[8.3.2] The Commander must expend additional
Command Points for the attacking combat unit to
initiate the close assault. This represents the order to
attack, See Case [8.1.5].
[8.3.3] In most cases the combat unit which is
originally activated is also the attacking combat unit,
but in some rare cases combats units may move
together to create a larger attacking combat units
before the close assault is initiated. This may occur
if elements have three actions available. In other
cases elements may have to be left behind, because
they lack the necessary actions, or movement
allowance, to conduct the close assault.
Divisions-Kommandeur v1
Example: In our earlier example the commander has
activated a combat unit of six elements, two of which are
disordered. The disordered elements must recover before
they can conduct close assault so expend an action, this
means they lack sufficient actions to initiate close combat
and move into contact with the enemy, or provide support.
As a result they are left behind when the four eligible
elements form an attacking combat unit and move into
close combat with the enemy.
Fig [8.3] Attacking Combat Unit.
All elements except the disordered and element not in base
to base combat is part of the Attacking Combat Unit, which
requires 2 CP to launch a Close Assault.
[8.4] DEFENDING COMBAT UNIT
General Rule;
For close combat purposes the elements subject to a
close assault forms a defending combat unit. This
type of combat unit is involuntary and is formed
based on which elements are in base to base contact
with elements from an enemy attacking combat unit.
Unlike other types of combat units the elements do
not need to be in base to base contact with each
other to be part of a defending combat unit, apart
from elements supporting the close combat, which
may not be in base to base contact with the attacking
combat unit.
Cases;
[8.4.1] Defining a Defending Combat Unit in
close combat: When an enemy attacking combat
unit moves into base to base contact with friendly
elements, all elements in base to base contact,
including corners, and all elements in base to base
contact with those elements ,providing close support
in the rear, are defined as the defending combat unit.
[8.4.2] Elements do not need to be in base to base
contact with each other to be part of a defending
combat unit.
[8.4.3] Elements in base to base contact with
elements in a defending combat unit, which are not
otherwise eligible, are not part of the defending
combat unit.
[8.4.4] A defending combat unit can consist of
elements subordinate to different commanders.
[8.4.5] Elements in base to base contact with and
element to its front, which, in turn, is contacted by
an enemy attacking units, can provide close support.
These elements are part of the defending combat
unit.
Example: The defender has a line of four elements in bases
to base contact, with a gap and then another line of four
elements in base to base contact. All elements have an
element to their rear in base to base contact. The enemy
has contacted two elements from each line of four with a
single attacking combat unit. Only the four elements in
base to base contact with the enemy and the elements to
their rear are considered as part of the defending combat
unit. The close combat only affects these eight elements
and the other eight elements take no part in the close
combat.
8 Part 1: Rules
Fig [8.4] Defending Combat Unit
A Defending Combat Unit is any collection of elements
which are contacted any an enemy Attacking combat unit.
They do not need to be in base to base contact with each
other and do not need to be subordinated to the same
commander.
[9.0] ACTIONS (Table
Five)
[9.1] ALLOWED ACTION’S
General Rule;
All elements can execute from one to three actions
in a Phasing Fire & Movement Phase. During each
action an element can move or conduct fire combat,
including initiating close assault, See case [8.0].
Cases;
[9.1.2] CHART 5: ACTION ALLOWANCE
CHART
Actions Situation
1 Quality of 1 or 2. A 2nd action is only allowed if a
quality test is passed.
2 Quality of 3 or 4. Can conduct 2 actions with no
testing required.
3 Quality of 5 or 6. A 3rd action is allowed if a quality
test is passed.
Modifiers
+1 Elan bonus.
[9.1.3] CHART 5: ACTION COST CHART
Action Fire Combat Activity
1 Conduct Fire Combat.
Conduct Close Assault or Close Support.
Action Movement Activity
1 Conduct Movement.
Mounting Transports.
Limbering.
Deploying, See Case [9.4].
Recovering from Disorder, See Case [5.1.5]
½ Entering or leaving Travel mode.
Foot crossing a linear terrain feature.
(Fortifications)
Mounted or artillery crossing a large stream
Foot, animals or wheeled vehicles crossing a wall or
embankment.
Elements crossing an engineer constructed bridge
(does not include other bridges).
[9.1.4] When an element expends ½ action it can
only perform other activities which cost ½ action, or
an activity which can be halved, such as ½ action to
move up to ½ its normal movement allowance.
[9.4] DEPLOYING, See case [5.7]
An element expend 1 action to deploy, but leaving
has no cost, See case [9.1.3]. Deploying is a trigger
for opportunity fire, See Case [11.2].
[9.5] MOUNTING & DISMOUNTING
Troops can dismount at any time during the phasing
fire and movement phase at no cost. When mounted
troops dismount and the transporting vehicle, or
animal, is removed and replaced with the infantry
element. Mounting cost an action and can only occur
during the phasing Fire and movement phase.
Mounting is a trigger for opportunity fire, See Case
[11.2].
[9.7] LIMBERING & UNLIMBERING
[9.7.1] Towed artillery can unlimber at any time
during the phasing fire and movement phase at no
cost. If artillery unlimbers its movement ends during
the current action, unless this occurs before any
movement has occurred as a result of expending an
action.
[9.7.2] Artillery can unlimber after each enemy
direct fire combat in other phases. When artillery
unlimbers the transporting vehicle is removed and
replaced with the artillery element. Limbering cost
an action and can only occur during the phasing Fire
and movement phase. Note: Artillery can still be
manhandled, but at a lower speed. Limbering is a
trigger for opportunity fire, See Case [11.2].
[9.7.3] When artillery limbers or unlimbers, it may
change facing at no cost.
[9.7.4] Limbered artillery can never conduce fire
combat or be involved in close combat. If non-
phasing limbered artillery is subject to close combat
it can immediately unlimber, but halves the number
of dice as a result.
[10.0] MOVEMENT (Table
Six)
[10.1] MOVEMENT ALLOWANCE
General Rule;
During an action an element can move up to its
standard movement allowance listed in Table 6.
Move Distance Table. The distance an element can
move is affected by the terrain it is traversing. Note,
when elements move simultaneously in order to
speed up game-play, each elements movement is
still considered to be determined individually, See
case [8.0]
Cases;
[10.1.1] TABLE 6: MOVE DISTANCE CHART
(See Charts & tables)
[10.1.2] Commanders are classed as 6C, See Case
[3.1.1], unless specifically indicated otherwise.
[10.2] MOVEMENT RESTRICTIONS
[10.2.1] Wheeling: Wheels are measured from the
outside of the element.
[10.2.2] Echelon: Echelon moves (like a bishop in
chess); sideways while moving forward, or
backward movements, are permitted at normal
movement rates. The sideward move must not
exceed the forward or backward movement.
[10.2.3] Optional: A sideway move of more than 45
degrees is done at half speed.
[10.2.4] Moving through Units: Elements may
move through other elements, although their
movement can't end on another element, See Case
[10.5.1]
[10.2.5] Reversing: An element can move in a
retrograde manner at a movement cost of x2. The
facing remains the same in this case.
[10.2.7] Turning to face the rear or flank: For an
element to face to the rear there is a cost of 1 Base
Width, which represents the front of the element
moving to its rear. Skirmishers can freely turn to
face the rear at no cost. For an element to face the
flank, including skirmishers, there is an additional a
cost of 1 Base width. When turning to face the flank
the element must not end the turn to face the flank
movement closer to any enemy element.
[10.2.7] Moving Side-wards: An element can move
to either side at a movement cost of x2. The facing
remains the same in this case..
Divisions-Kommandeur v1
[10.2.8] Manhandled Guns: Guns of 6 pounds or
greater and all howitzers and rockets can be
manhandled ½ BW per action, smaller guns can be
manhandled at 1 BW per action.
[10.2.9] Mixed Terrain: Moving across different
terrain is done on a pro-rata basis.
Example: Cavalry with a movement allowance of 8C is
expending half its allowance on clear terrain, quarter on
road and quarter on difficult. This translates to 1 BW for the
clear terrain, 1 BW for the road and ¼ BW for the difficult
terrain, totalling a distance of 2¼ BW being covered.
[10.4] TRAVEL MODE
General Rule;
Travel mode is used to conduct strategic or
operational movement. While Travel Movement
doubles all movement, the element will suffer heavy
losses if attacked.
Cases;
[10.4.1] Elements can double their movement by
adopting travel mode. This expends ½ action to
adopt and ½ action to leave. This can only occur in
the phasing fire and movement Phase.
[10.4.2] Elements in travel mode cannot conduct fire
combat, this includes opportunity fire and return fire.
[10.4.3] If conducting fire combat or close combat
against an element in travel mode use an extra dice,
See Case [13.8.2]. Once the fire combat or close
combat is completed the element in travel mode
automatically leaves travel mode in a disordered
state, if not already disordered. This cannot be a
cause for disruption.
[10.4.4] Elements in travel mode which are
activated, remain activated the following game-turns
until they leave travel mode.
[10.5] RETREAT MOVE
General Rule;
A Retreat move is caused by an element becoming
disordered, or can be execute at the end of each
close combat round. In both cases its an attempt to
move to a position of safety.
Cases;
[10.5.1] Retreat Move,: A retreat move is a
minimum of 1½ Base Width, or an elements
movement allowance if it is less, and a maximum
equal to its movement allowance, away from the
enemy element, toward the friendly player edge or
terrain which offers cover.
[10.5.2] Unless moving to terrain which offers
cover, the move must be directly to the rear of the
element with sideward moves of no more than the
element width allowed. The element remains facing
the enemy.
[10.5.3] Friendly elements encountered can be
passed through, See Case [10.2.4], or the friendly
elements chooses to be carried away by the retreat,
becoming disordered in the process. If carried away
it remains in base to base contact with the lead
retreating element, which is the first retreating
element encountered by the element being carried
away. Note: This would occur to get rear
elements to a position of safety, or to avoid
being eliminated because elements occupy the
same spot on the playing area.
[10.6] REACTION MOVE
General Rule;
After a player has completed all fire and movement
by “Activated” elements, any elements which were
not activated can conduct a reaction move, which is
a facing change triggered by visible enemy elements
within the enemy elements move distance, See case
[10.1.1].
Cases;
9 Part 1: Rules
[10.6.1] Any element, which has not been activated
during a phasing fire and Movement phase, may
make a facing change if there are any visible enemy
elements within the enemy elements move distance,
See Case [10.1.1]. This requires a successful quality
check, if unsuccessful no facing change is allowed.
[10.6.2] If successful an element can make a facing
change in order to avoid being contacted in the
flank. If possible the centre of the element must
remain in place, but some minor adjustments is
allowed in order to avoid other friendly elements.
[10.6.3] If more than one enemy element is
triggering a Reaction move and its not possible to
avoid having a flank exposed, the owning player can
choose which flank should be protected and which
will remain exposed.
[10.7] CHARGE RANGE
Commentary:
An elements move allowance is also referred to its
charge range, as a move into close combat is this
distance. Of course any element which has three
actions can make a normal move into a better
position before expending an action for the close
assault and an action for the move into contact.
[11.0] DIRECT FIRE (Table
Seven)
In order to conduct direct fire an element must have
a direct fire capability which has an effect at that
range, have a visible enemy target, have a unblocked
line of sight to the enemy target and must have an
action to expend, or if in the non-phasing fire and
movement phase, be eligible for opportunity fire.
[11.1] DIRECT FIRE ELIGIBILITY
General Rule;
Standard direct fire occurs during the phasing Fire
and movement phase and requires an action.
Cases;
[11.1.1] Elements must conduct direct fire against
any enemy element within effective range and
directly to its front, in other cases it can choose any
valid target. If more than one enemy directly to the
front, select the one with the largest frontage to the
firing element. If the frontage is the same, the owner
player may select either target, Exception Indirect
Fire, See Case [13.9]
[11.1.2] Elements firing at long range must fire at
any elements within its firing arc. If there are no
targets within its firing arc, It is penalised when
firing outside its firing arc, See case [11.4]
[11.1.3] Artillery can conduct direct fire through
enemy Skirmishers, but in all other cases you cannot
conduct direct fire through any friendly or enemy
element. If on different elevations you can conduct
direct fire over friendly elements, but not over
enemy elements, See case [13.1.2]
[11.2] OPPORTUNITY FIRE (Table
Ten)
General Rule;
Opportunity fire occurs during the non-phasing fire
and movement phase and is triggered by enemy
movement, close assault or fire combat. It does not
expend an action and an element can conduct
opportunity fire twice in a non-phasing fire and
movement phase against different targets.
Exception; An element can always conduct
opportunity fire if its close assaulted, even if it has
previously conducted opportunity fire against that
element in the same phase. This exception only
applies to the close assault element, conducting
opportunity fire against the close support element
uses the standard two opportunity fire limits, See
Case [12.1.4].
Cases;
[11.2.1] The opportunity fire zone of any element is
its fire range, i.e. Effective (short) Range, See case
[13.2.4].
[11.2.2] When conducting opportunity fire treat as
long range, unless the trigger is enemy fire combat.,
See case [11.3.5], or being close assaulted. If the
trigger is close assault always treat as effective
range.
[11.2.3] CHART 7: OPPORTUNITY FIRE
TRIGGER CHART
Any enemy element which ends its movement within an
opportunity fire zone of an element. (1)
Any element which exits an opportunity fire zone.
Any element which deploys, mounts, or limbers, within an
opportunity fire zone. (2)
Any element which is initiating close assault against the
element conducing opportunity fire, See
Case [11.2.6]. (3)
Any element which is subject to direct fire can return fire,
See Case [11.3] (4)
Notes:
(1) = Elements conducting close assault are considered to
have ended its move the moment it comes
into contact with an enemy element.
(2) = Leaving cover does not trigger opportunity fire.
(3) = Treat as effective (short) range, See Case [11.2.3] and
Case [12.1.4].
(4) = Range is as per standard rules, effective range up to its
FR and long range at twice FR, See Case
[13.2.4].
[11.2.4] An element can be subject to opportunity
fire for any cause, by any eligible different enemy
element, and any number of times, See case [8.0]
and Case [11.2.5].
Example: Ending a move in the opportunity fire zone of 2
enemy elements could result in an element suffering two
opportunity fire combats. If it conducted close assault
rd rd
against a 3 enemy elements a 3 opportunity fire would
occur.
[11.2.5] An element can only be subject to
opportunity fire from any single enemy element
once in a phasing Fire & Movement Phase.
Exception: an element can always conduct
opportunity fire against an element close assaulting
it, See case [11.2.7].
Example: An phasing element triggers opportunity fire for
moving an entire action and enters a opportunity fire zone
of an enemy element. It also triggers opportunity fire for
moving ½ action within that elements opportunity fire zone.
While there are two triggers opportunity fire can only be
conducted one. If during the phasing elements 2 nd action it
declares a close assault against the non-phasing enemy
element and moves into contact with it, the non-phasing
element can conduct opportunity fire against it, even
though it did so previously. This would only occur if a
phasing element had 3 actions available.
[11.2.6] An element can conduct opportunity fire a
maximum of twice in a given non-phasing fire and
movement phase. Exception: an element can always
conduct opportunity fire against an element close
assaulting it, See Case [11.2.7]
Example: A non-phasing element has conducted
opportunity fire against two different phasing enemy
elements and is then close assaulted. It can conduct
opportunity fire a 3rd time in this case.
[11.2.7] An element can always conduct opportunity
fire against an enemy elements close assaulting it.
An element which is being close assaulted can only
conduct opportunity fire against the enemy element
conducting close assault. It cannot conduct
opportunity fire against elements conducting close
support, or close assaults against other friendly
elements. This restriction only occurs once the
enemy declares a close assault against that element,
prior to this the element can conduct opportunity fire
normally.
Divisions-Kommandeur v1
Example: A non-phasing element is being close assaulted
twice two, it can conduct opportunity fire against each. A
non-phasing element can conduct opportunity fire against
an element close assaulting it for any eligible trigger, but
cannot conduct opportunity fire against the element
conducting close support.
[11.2.8] Opportunity fire triggered by movement
outside its firing arc has no effect because its
consider long range and if triggered by close assault
in its flank or rear is halved as required by Case
[11.4].
[11.3] RETURN FIRE
General Rule;
Return fire occurs during the non-phasing fire and
movement phase and is triggered by enemy direct
fire combat. Return fire is considered as Opportunity
Fire, but has no range penalty, See Case [13.2.4]. It
is subject to the opportunity fire limit, See case
[11.2.6].
Cases;
[11.3.1] Return fire is triggered when the element is
subject to direct fire where there exists an unblocked
line of fire between it and the firer.
[11.3.2] Return fire is considered to occur
simultaneously with the trigger cause, thus the
elimination of an element does not preclude return
fire.
[11.3.3] Return fire can occur even if the target is
not visible, such as may occur if the line of sight is
blocked by enemy elements, in this case count as
unobserved direct fire.
[11.3.4] Indirect fire never triggers return fire.
[11.3.5] Return can never occur outside an elements
firing arc, See case [11.2.8]
[11.3.5] Return fire uses the standard Direct Fire
effective and long range rules, there is no range
penality.
[11.4] DIRECT FIRING ARCS
[11.4.1] Fire Combat: Elements cannot conduct
fire combat equally well around its entire 360 degree
arc. Elements can only conduct direct fire out of
their front edge and 45 degrees to each side. If
forced to conduct fire combat out of any other arc,
count effective range as long range and no fire
combat at long range is permitted. This means
opportunity fire is not possible outside the firing arc,
See Case [11.2.8]
[11.4.2] Close Combat: Close combat involved
hand to hand and firing firearms, as a result when
conducting close combat or close support through a
flank or rear, half the number of dice. This is halves
if conducted close assault and quarter if conducting
close support.
Note: This means an element can fire or conduct close
combat outside its flank or rear, but at a greatly reduced
effect.
[12.0] CLOSE ASSAULT
(Table Eight)
Commentary;
Close Combat represents both firing and engaging
in hand to hand combat.
Close Assault is the term used to describe the
initiation of close combat and the element which
initiates the close combat against an enemy element.
Close Combat represents two opposing elements
engaged in close combat, such as hand to hand with
bayonet, close range musket fire and other similar
activities.
10
Close Support can be provided by any number of
additional eligible elements, with such elements
described providing close support.
General Rule;
Close Combat is conducted element by element,
only involving elements defined as in an attacking or
defending combat unit, for as many rounds as
required to ensure no opposing elements are in base
to base contact with each other.
[12.1] CLOSE ASSAULT
General Rule;
An element can attempt to move into the same spot
as an enemy element, triggering close assault. The
Close assault move represents the movement of
elements into base to base contact with enemy
elements, as well as the movement of all supporting
elements. These elements are part of an attacking
combat unit and a command point is required to
“order” the attacking combat unit to conduct the
close assault move, which requires additional
Command Points being expended See Case [8.1] and
Case [8.3].
Cases;
[12.1.1] Close Assault: The close assault element
must expend an action to initiate close assault and
then must move into base to base contact with the
target element, to initiate close assault. The base to
base contact for both elements must be on an edge,
base to base contact on a corner is not valid. As a
result an element needs at least two actions to
initiate close assault. Note: The action to initiate
close assault occurs first, followed by the action
required to move, See Case [8.1.5] and Case [8.3].
Note: Opposing elements in base to base contact on a
corner are not considered to be in base to base contact for
close assault purposes, but close support can occur in this
case.
[12.1.2] Attackers Close Support: Up to two
elements, in base to base contact and directly behind
the close assault element, and any number of
elements which are in base to base contact with both
the close assault element and the target element, can
support the close combat. This is called close
support. Note: Elements in contact at the corner are
considered to be in base to base contact for close
support purposes, unlike to close assault elements,
See Case [12.1.1]. Close Support elements must
expend an action to provide close support, as well as
remaining in base to base contact with the close
assaulting element, or an element to its front, which
is in base to base contact, with the close assaulting
element at all times. As a result an element needs at
least two actions to initiate close support. Note: The
action to initiate close support occurs first, followed
by the action required to move.
[12.1.3] Defenders Close Support: Up to two
elements, directly behind the target of a close
assault, and any number of elements which are in
base to base contact with both the close assault
element and the target element, can support the close
combat. In this case the non-phasing player does not
need to expend any actions.
[12.1.4] Opportunity Fire: The close support
element can triggers opportunity fire due to its
movement during the close assault. There is no
special opportunity fire trigger for close support
element and in many case these elements will be
shielded from opportunity fire by the element to its
front. The Close Assault element is always
considered an opportunity fire trigger when it
achieves base to base contact with the target, as well
as its move into base to base contact, See Case
[11.2.6] and Case [11.2.7].
Part 1: Rules
[12.1.5] The Close Combat is assumed to be
occurring in the location the defending element
resides, thus any negative terrain effects affects the
close assaulting element. Any effect is implemented
after all opportunity fire is conducted. If movement
into that terrain is prohibited, the close assault
cannot occur. That element can conduct close
support if another eligible element can be the close
assault element. The close support element is not
affected by any terrain in the location the defending
element resides in.
Example: The defending element is in open woods and the
close assaulting element is an Ms, which requires it to
adopt loose formation in such terrain. This occurs when the
element is in base to base contact with the target element,
but after any opportunity fire.
Fig [p12.1] The Close Assault
Fig [12.1] The Combat Units
[12.2] CLOSE ASSAULT MOVE
General Rule;
The close assault move is normally a forward move,
with some sideward movement permitted. Before the
forward move begins facing changes or wheeling
can occur and after contact is made the element
pivots to line up with the enemy elements edge. The
movement into close assault only needs to result in
base to base contact with the enemy, its does not
need sufficient movement to occupy the area the
enemy element occupies.
Cases;
[12.2.1] The Close Assault move forward which
results in contact with the enemy cannot involve any
wheeling after the element has begun its forward
movement and must be a forward move, with
sideward moves up to a maximum of half its forward
movement allowed. Individual elements can start the
move by conducting facing changes in order to line
up with the attacking combat unit before this
forward move begins.
Fig [12.2] Close Assault Move
[12.2.2] The elements within the attacking combat
units must start and end the move in base to base
contact, but can otherwise distort its formation in
order to move into base to base contact with enemy
elements.
Divisions-Kommandeur v1
[12.2.3] When the attacking combat unit’s elements
make base to base contact with the opposing
elements they can pivot to line up with a defending
elements edge. This pivot has no movement cost.
How they pivot depends where they started the close
assault move. If any part of the element started from
at least ¼ Base Width behind a line parallel with the
target element front, they can pivot onto the targets
flank if there are no obstacles, otherwise they would
pivot onto its front edge. If the entire element
started from behind a line parallel with the rear edge
they can pivot onto the rear edge, otherwise would
pivot onto the flank.
Fog [12.2] Close Assault Move – Wheel at start.
Fig [12.2] Close Assault Move – Wheel at end.
[12.2.4] Close Assault into enemy flank: A Close
assault unit must start the move behind a line
parallel with the target enemy elements front edge in
order to conduct a close combat against an enemy
flank. It must be clearly behind this line, otherwise it
must contact the enemy element front edge by
wheeling.
Fig [12.2] Close Assault Move – Flank
Attack.
[12.3] DEFINING EACH CLOSE
COMBAT
General Rule;
Once the attacking combat unit has completed the
close assault move, as well as suffering any
opportunity fire triggered by the move, in a complex
multi-element close assaults, each close combat
needs to be defined. Each element in base to base
contact with an enemy element is defined as a close
assault element. If there is more than one the owning
player chooses, but as much as possible each enemy
element must be attacked by a close assault element.
All other eligible elements are defined as close
support elements.
Each close combat is now executed, in any order the
attacking player wishes, until a conclusion is arrived
at and then the next close combat is executed. As a
result of this new close combats can be initiated,
which does not trigger opportunity fire, as well as
new close support elements defined. This only
occurs if the victor of a close combat finds itself in
base to base contact with an unrelated enemy
element, which can occur if it advances into the
space vacated by the defeated enemy element, See
case [12.7]
Cases;
11
[12.3.1] If physically possible every defending
element in base to base contact with a friendly
element must be directly engaged in close combat by
a close assaulting element. Defending elements not
engaged becomes close support elements for a
defending element in close combat. If this is not
physically possible, the unengaged enemy elements
will act as close support.
[12.3.2] Within the restrictions of Case [12.3.1], If
the attacker finds itself with more than one element
in base to base contact with a single enemy element,
the owning player determines which element will be
the close assault element and the other(s) providing
close support.
[12.3.3] Within the restrictions of Case [12.3.1], if
the defender finds itself with more than one element
in base to base contact with a single close assaulting
element, the attacking player determines which will
be the target of the close assault and the other
defending element providing close support.
[12.3.4] Once all close combats has been determined
or defined, the phasing player choses the order close
combats occur. All initially defined close combats
are considered to occur simultaneously.
[12.3.5] When more than one element is conducting
close combat against a single element, as would
occur when there is a close support element, totals
all eligible dice and spin together. There is only a
single close combat per round. Any disorder result
only affects close assault element, but a retreat result
affects all elements, which including the close
assault and all close support elements.
Example: Two line infantry are engaged in close combat
against a single line infantry element, one is close assault
and the other a close support element. If the single element
achieves a disorder against its opponent, only the close
assault element is disordered. If that players decided to
retreat from close combat, both elements retreat.
[12.4] CLOSE COMBAT
General Rule;
Close Combat consists of both elements conducting
close combat against each other until one side
retreats or is eliminated. Some elements gain
positive modified in the first round of close combat
and negative modifiers in subsequent rounds. This
normally affects cavalry, Exception, loose
formation, See case [5.9.8]
Cases;
[12.4.1] If any element suffers a 2nd disorder it
becomes disrupted and is removed, See Case [5.2]
and Case [15.2.1]. Note: If using the Spend Optional
rule, See case [4.4], spent elements which suffer a
disorder are disrupted and removed.
[12.4.2] Except for the first round of close combat,
either player can choose to retreat from close
combat, See Case [10.5] and conduct a retreat move.
This applies even if elements become disordered,
See case [5.1.6] and disorder never forces a player to
retreat from close combat. Both players
simultaneously declare if they are retreating or
remaining before the next close combat round. Close
Support element must retreat if the close assault
element retreats. If unable to retreat the element is
eliminated, See Case [5.1], Case [10.5] and Case
[15.2.4]. Exception, Skirmishers can evade in the 1st
round of close combat, See case [12.4.3]
Part 1: Rules
[12.4.3] Evade: Non-Phasing Skirmishers can
Evade in the 1st round of close combat, resulting in
no close combat. This is called evading and is only
possible to skirmishers which are defending against
a close assault from enemy infantry. The attacker is
considered the victor in that close combat and
advances into the vacated spot. If they are in base to
base contact with any remaining element they can
conduct follow-on close assault, See Case [12.7.2].
Skirmishers who initiate close assault cannot evade.
Skirmishers can never evade if close assaulted by
Cavalry.
Note: Skirmishers who evades is considered to not be in the
same defensive combat unit as any elements which do not
evade. If skirmishers decide to stand and fight they can be
supported by elements to their rear or side normally.
[12.4.4] If the non-phasing players element retreats,
or is eliminated, the phasing players element wins
the close assault and advance into the place the non-
phasing players element occupied, See case [12.6.1].
Close support elements directly behind can maintain
base to base contact with the advancing element, See
Case [12.5.2]. Other close support elements, such as
to the side, cannot move in this case, See case
[12.6.2]
[12.4.5] If the phasing players element retreats, or is
eliminated, the non-phasing players element wins
the close assault and remains in place, See Case
[12.6.3]. If both elements retreat or are eliminated,
no-one occupies the place the defender resided in.
[12.4.6] If after a round of close combat no winner
is determined; both players now conduct a second
round of close combat. This continues until there is a
winner, or until one side decided to retreat.
[12.4.7] Cavalry have two FE values, the standard
FE value and a special value which they can take
advantage of in the 1st round of close combat, unless
disordered or deployed (taking cover). This applies
if the cavalry is initiating or defending against a
close assault. In addition cavalry armed with lances
gain a +1 FE in first round of close combat only if
they are initiating the close assault against infantry.
Exception, loose formation, See case [5.9.8]
[12.4.8] Even though the close combat is considered
to be occurring in the area occupied by the
defending element, the attacking elements can never
benefit from terrain in that area, such as Rough
terrain, but the attacking close assault element does
suffers any negative effects from the terrain. Only
the defender benefits from terrain in any close
combat.
[12.4.9] Optional: British Ms, trained or better,
which are being close assaulted by enemy Infantry
gain a +1 in the first round of combat. This
represents their two line formation and practice of
staying behind a crest of a hill, See case [13.7.3].
Note: If using 2 rank based elements, do not use this
optional rule, See Case [1.7.3] and Case [1.7.8]
[12.5] CLOSE SUPPORT
Commentary;
Close support represents elements supporting an
element conduct close combat. In the case of cavalry
supporting infantry or cavalry, it could represent
short charges and retreats as required. In the case of
infantry supporting infantry, it could represent
momentum used to punch through an enemy
position. In the case of infantry supporting cavalry it
could represent a fire base which the cavalry can
withdraw to before their next charge.
General Rule;
Divisions-Kommandeur v1
Up to two elements can provide close support for a
close assaulting element, with the elements placed in
base to base contact with the rear of friendly element
conducting close assault or close support. Any
number of additional elements can provide close
support if in base to base contact with the close
assault element and enemy target element.
Cases;
[12.5.1] The elements conducting close support
conduct close combat normally, but are assumed to
do so at long range, thus the number of dice used is
halved, fractions rounded upwards. If more than one
element is conducting close support, total all dice
first then round upward.
[12.5.2] If the close assault is successful the close
support elements to the rear can remain in base to
base contact with the close assault element as it
moves to occupy the defenders position, See Case
[12.4.4] and Case [12.6.2]. If the close assault
element is eliminated and the enemy defending
element is eliminated, the close support element
stays in place.
[12.5.3] A Close Assault can be supported by up to
two close support elements to its rear, See Case
[13.7.3], as well as any elements in base to base
contact with the close assault element and enemy
target element.
Fig [12.5] Close Support Elements - Attacker
Fig [12.5] Close Support Elements
Defender
[12.6] ENDING A CLOSE COMBAT
General Rule;
A close combat ends when either, or both, sides
retreat or are eliminated. The victor advances into
the spot the defender occupied, which in some cases
may affect other close combats, or even initiate new
close combats.
Cases;
[12.6.1] Phasing players elements which win their
respective close combat occupy the spot the
opposing element occupied, with supporting
elements to their rear remaining in base to base
contact, See case [12.5.2]. This can involve facing
changes, Sideward moves and of course, forward
moves. If the base depth differs, the front of the
advancing element lines up with the rear of the
enemy elements former position.
Note: Other friendly element to its rear may need to have
their position adjusted to accommodate the advancing
element, which may affect close combats not yet executed,
so make sure the order of the close combats are carefully
determined.
[12.6.2] Close Support elements which are not in the
rear of the close assault element and instead were in
base to base contact with the enemy element, remain
in place if the close combat was won.
12
[12.6.3] Non-phasing players’ elements which win
their respective close combats remain where they
are, See Case [12.4.4] and case [12.4.5].
[12.7] FOLLOW-ON CLOSE COMBAT
& SUPPORT
General Rule
Elements which win their respective close combat
and which find themselves in base to base contact
with other opposing elements, become involved in
further close combats against that element, either as
a follow-on close support element or a follow-on
close assault element. If elements are in base to base
contact on their corners they are not considered to be
in base to base contact for close assault purposes,
but these elements may still provide close support,
See case [12.1.2].
Commentary;
Players would be wise to retreat rather than end a
fire & movement phase in base to base contacts on
their corner. But players are allowed to do this if
they desire.
Cases;
[12.7.1] Follow-On Close Support: Elements
defined as follow-on close support elements can
provide close support to any close combats, which
have not yet been conducted, in the same manner as
any normal close support element. This can include
base to base contact on their corners, See case
[12.1.2].
[12.7.2] Follow-on Close Assault: If an element is
defined as a follow-on close assault element this
means a new close combat is initiated, which in this
case does not trigger any opportunity fire. Follow-on
Close Combats occur after all the initial close
combats have been concluded. It should be noted
this would be a very rare occurrence and would
require either side losing and winning one close
combat each. Note: Elements in base to base contact
at their corners are not considered to be in base to
base contact.
[12.7.3] If an element is defined as a follow-on close
assault element and are in base to base contact on
their flanks, the elements do not change facing,
instead they are engaging from their flanks with the
resulting penalties, See case [11.4.2]. If they have
any supporting elements to their rear, they provide
– support as normal, but also suffer the same halving
effect, which means they are halved twice.
Supporting elements to either flank are also halves
twice, See Case [11.4.2].
[12.7.4] If a phasing elements is in contact with an
enemy element edge on its corner, it can wheel in
order to allow edges to be in base to base contact.
This is not permitted if both elements corners are in
contact, only if a phasing attacking elements corner
is in contact with an enemy elements edge. If the
phasing attacking elements edge is in contact with
an enemy elements corner it may also wheel to allow
for edges to be in base to base contact.
[12.8] MIXED GOOD ORDER &
DISORDERED ELEMENTS
[12.8.1] An elements conducting close combat
which suffers a disorder does not affect any close
support elements, See case [12.3.5].
[12.8.2] If conducting close combat and some
elements are disordered, which may occurred if the
non-phasing player, these elements will be removed
when the 1st disorder result in the close combat
occurs, leaving the good order troops behind.
[12.8.3] If a close support element is removed and
close support elements which need to be in base to
base contact to provide support, may no longer
provided support.
Part 1: Rules
[12.8.4] If the element conducting close combat is
removed, the close combat has ended, See case
[12.6, although an advance after combat may result
in a follow on close combat, See Case [12.7.1] and
case [12.7.2].
[12.9] COMMAND BONUS (Optional)
General Rule;
The phasing player can expend command point to
provide individual elements with a close combat
command bonus. This costs 1 command point and
provided a bonus modifier of +1 during the entire
close combat, for that element only. The command
providing the bonus must be part of the same combat
unit as the element receiving the bonus.
The non-phasing player may expect any unused
command points, from its previous phasing fire &
Movement Phase, to provide an element with a close
combat command bonus. This costs 1 command
point and provided a bonus modifier of +1 during
the entire close combat, for that element only. The
command providing the bonus must be part of the
same combat unit as the element receiving the
bonus.
At the beginning of any phasing fire & Movement
Phase any unused command points are permanently
lost.
[13.0] FIRE & CLOSE
COMBAT (Table Nine)
Procedure;
The range of a weapon is twice its fire range, with
the distance up to its fire range considered as
effective (short), and up to twice its fire range as
long range. A player would calculate the fire column
to arrive at a “result”, the result represents the
number of D6 dice to throw. If firing at long range
halve the number of dice, fractions rounded up, See
Case [13.2.1] and Case [13.2.3]. A 4 or greater on a
D6 achieves a HIT, See Case [13.2.1]. The only
exception is Indirect Fire, which achieves a HIT on a
die roll of 6 only, See Case [13.2.3]
Elements conducting fire and movement
simultaneously at a single target, within a single
action, total all dice to throw. These are thrown
together and the total number of Hits used for the
Save roll, See Case [13.4.6] and Case [13.5.9].
[13.1] ELIGIBILITY TO FIRE
General Rule;
When conducting fire players first determine the
correct row to use on the Fire Table, which is
determined by the target troop type. Then determine
the Net Column. The result is the number of D6 die
to throw to determine the number of HITS achieved.
This value is then used for the target SAVE Throw,
with resulting include no effect, disordered or
dispersed.
Cases;
[13.1.1] To fire the firing element may not be
limbered.
[13.1.2] The target must not be in "dead-ground",
See case [19.2], and must have a line of fire. The
line of fire cannot pass through friendly or enemy
elements, unless artillery through Skirmishers. Note
a line of fire can pass over friendly or enemy
elements, See case [11.1.3]. Indirect fire can be
conducted over friendly or enemy troops, but the
target must be visible unless in a Built-up area.
[13.1.3] For Elements executing Direct Fire,
Opportunity Fire or Return Fire, or firing on the
move, the target must be visible to the firer. The
target must be sighted prior to the fire combat.
Return fire can affect visibility.
Divisions-Kommandeur v1
[13.1.4] Measure the range to the target, ensuring
that it is visible to the firer at the start of the current
direct fire step. Note: Return fire can uncover an
enemy element within the phase, although this is
highly unlikely in these rules.
[13.1.5] The range is measured from any part of the
firing element to any part of the target.
[13.1.6] The maximum range is twice an weapons
fire range. Effective (short) range is up to an
elements fire range and long range is out to twice its
fire range, See Case [13.2.4].
[13.1.7] Indirect Fire Range is twice direct fire
range. This applies for both effective and long range,
See Case [13.2.3]. Indirect fire can occur over
intervening troops.
[13.1.8] Howitzers and Rockets can only conduct
Indirect fire, other artillery of 6 pound or greater can
conduct direct or indirect fire, other artillery can
only conduct direct fire.
[13.1.9] Elements need to note firing arcs, See case
[11.4].
[13.2] FIRE EFFECTIVNESS (FE)
DETERMINATION
General Rule;
Read the Fire Effectiveness (FE) and Fire Range
(FR) of the Elements from the Equipment Data
Charts..
Cases;
[13.2.1] Direct Fire: If conducting direct fire
combat at a HIT is 4 or greater on a D6, See Case
[13.4.6]. If long range halve the number of dice,
fractions rounded upward.
[13.2.2] Close Combat: If conducting close combat
at a HIT is 4 or greater on a D6, See Case [13.4.6].
For Close Assault elements the range is 0 Base
Widths, so is always considered effective range.
Close support elements are considered to be at long
range, thus halve the number of dice, fractions
rounded upwards. The Fire Effectiveness Value (FE)
at a Fire Range (FR) of 0 Base Widths is that
elements Close Assault Effectiveness (CAE),
indicated by a “c”, example, 3c.
[13.2.3] Indirect Fire: If conducting indirect fire
combat a HIT is 6 on a D6, See Case [13.4.6] and
Case [13.1.7]. If long range halve the number of
dice, fractions rounded upward.
[13.2.4] Fire Range: The effective, or short, range
is an elements fire range. The long range is twice an
elements fire range.
[13.4] BASIC & FINAL FIRE COLUMN
[13.4.1] For Direct Fire against a target use face
value of the firing elements (unit) firing
effectiveness (FE) value to arrive at the Basic Fire
Value.
[13.4.2] For Indirect Fire against a target use face
value of the firing elements (unit) firing
effectiveness (FE) value to arrive at the Basic Fire
Value.
[13.4.3] The Basic Fire Value is used with Table 11
Fire & Close Combat Table, See Case [13.8]. Cross
reference the Basic Fire Value with the appropriate
Fire Type Row. The Fire Type Row used is
dependent on the type of fire.
If Direct fire use the Direct Row.
This is further divided into target troop types such
as Skirmishers, Ms/LI, Cavalry, etc.
If Indirect fire use the Direct Row.
This is further divided into target troop types such
as Skirmishers, Ms/LI, Cavalry, etc.
If Close Combat use the Close Combat Row.
13
The resulting cross referenced column is the Basic
fire column for that particular weapon shooting at
the target.
[13.4.4] Final (NETT) Fire Column: This Basic
fire column may be modified by shifts to either the
left or right due to terrain, mode etc. All such shifts
are based on the column calculated in Case [13.4]
the net shift being applied to the column. A shift
which results in the column moving off the left of
the table means that the attack was unsuccessful;
(Exception: Close Assault, See Case [13.8.3]) whilst
a shift which results in moving off the right of the
table means that the attack is calculated using the
right hand column, See Case [13.4].
[13.4.5] If conducting Close Assault and shifts
which results in the column moving off the left of
the table means that the attack is calculated using the
left hand column. This is an exception to Case
[13.4.4].
[13.4.6] Final Fire Value: The resulting number is
the number of D6 which are spun by the firer. A roll
of 4 or greater results in a HIT, otherwise no effect,
Exception, Indirect Fire, See Case [13.2.3]. If more
than one element is conducting fire combat
simultaneously against a single target, total the
number of D6 and spin together, otherwise each
element completes fire combat before moving to the
next element.
[13.4.7] An element in travel mode may execute fire
combat, dividing the number of dice by 4, rounding
to the closest whole number. (i.e. only the leading
element may fire)., See Case [13.1.2].
[13.4.8] Disordered element halve the number of
dice to use, rounded up, See Case [5.1.1].
Note: When dividing more than once, determine the final
divisor, divide and round to the closes whole number, with a
½ rounded up to 1. Thus a 4 divided two is divided by 4,
resulting in 1.
[13.5] FIRE LOSS PROCEDURE
General Rule;
The firing player spins the correct number of D6 die
as determined in case [13.4.6].
Cases;
[13.5.1] A result of “4 or greater on a D6” means the
target suffers a HIT, See Case [13.4.6]. Exception,
Indirect Fire, See Case [13.2.3].
[13.5.2] The number of HIT’s against an element is
totalled and the owning player makes a SAVE
THROW using a D6 and using this value. HITS can
only be totalled within a single action. Elements
which expend two actions cannot total their HITS
and must conduct two separate fire combats, each of
which results in a Save Throw.
[13.5.3] HITS must be totalled if more than one
element is simultaneously conducting fire combat
against a target. Elements which are conducting fire
combat against a single target sequentially conducts
fire combat separately, each of which results in a
Save Throw.
[13.5.4] An element in travel mode adds 1 HIT to
any HIT’s it has received. This means all HITSs are
doubled.
[13.5.6] An element in close assault combat which
suffers a second disorder becomes disrupted and is
removed, See Case [5.2].
[13.5.9] CHART 9: FIRE LOSS RESULTS CHART
(See Charts & Tables)
[13.6] TABLE NINE: DIRECT FIRE
MODIFIER CHART
General Rule;
Part 1: Rules
The effects given below are column shifts on Table
[13.8] Fire Table. A plus (+) shift moves the fire
column to the right and a minus (-) shift moves it to
the left.
Cases;
[13.6.1] TABLE 9: DIRECT FIRE COLUMN
MODIFIERS (DEFENDERS MODIFIERS)
(See Charts & tables)
[13.6.2] TABLE 9: DIRECT FIRE COLUMN
MODIFIERS (ATTACKER MODIFIERS)
(See Charts & tables
[13.6.3] Fire combat is prohibited at Night
[13.7] TABLE TEN: CLOSE COMBAT
MODIFIERS
General Rule;
The effects given below are column shifts on Table
[13.8] Fire Table. A plus (+) shift moves the fire
column to the right and a minus (-) shift moves it to
the left.
Cases;
[13.7.1] TABLE TEN: CLOSE COMBAT
COLUMN MODIFIERS (FIRER &
TARGET MODIFIERS) (See Charts &
Tables)
[13.7.2] TABLE TEN: CLOSE COMBAT
COLUMN MODIFIERS (TARGETS
MODIFIERS) (See Charts & Tables)
[13.7.3] TABLE TEN: CLOSE COMBAT
COLUMN MODIFIERS (FIRERS MODIFIERS)
(See Charts & Tables)
[13.8] TABLE ELEVEN: FIRE & CLOSE
COMBAT TABLE
General Rule;
Identify the table, either indirect, direct or close
combat. If direct fire identify the row, based on the
target type. Once on the correct row cross reference
the row, which is equal to the firers FE value. Apply
any left or right shift modifiers and then cross
reference this with the D6 row to obtain the number
of D6 die which can be spun.
Example: Musket element is conducting direct fire against
an enemy Ms, which is in cover. The Musket has a FE.4, shift
left once due to target being in cover and the cross
reference this with the D6 row, which results in 3, this
means 3 D6 dice are thrown, with any result of 4+ being a
HIT. The number of HITS are totalled and the defender spins
a SAVE roll, with any result equal to or less than the number
of HITS resulting in a disorder. there are 7 or more HITS the
element is automatically disordered and 6 is subtracted
from the total of HITS. If the D6 result is equal to or less
than this modified value the element is disrupted. If already
disordered the element is immediately disrupted if
disordered a 2nd time.
[13.8.1] TABLE 11: FIRE & CLOSE COMBAT
TABLE (See Charts & Tables)
[13.8.2] An element in travel mode uses an extra
Dice, See Case [10.4.3]
[13.8.3] For Differential values which are lower
than the chart allows are considered as no effect,
unless in Close Assault, in which case treat as the
left most column, see Case [13.4.4]. Differential
values which are higher that the chart allows count
as the highest differential. The maximum number of
dice which can be thrown is 13, which is a 13.
[13.8.4] Add one D6 dice per extra row shift
received in the attack above that needed to move the
row beyond the last Row on Table [13.8] Fire Table.
This only applies to Shift Modifier, thus a shift 3
beyond the right most column adds three additional
D6 dice to the firer.
Divisions-Kommandeur v1
[13.8.5] All HIT’s against a single element is
totalled and this value is used by the defender when
he spins a D6 to determine the results of the combat,
See Case [13.5.9].
[13.8.6] If a target receives 1 to 6 HITS a D6 is
thrown, if the result is equal to or less than the
number of HITS it is disordered, otherwise there is
no effect, See Case [13.5.9]
[13.8.7] If a target receives 7 or more HITS a D6 is
thrown, if the result is equal to or less than the
number of HITS minus 6, it is disrupted, otherwise it
is disordered, See case [13.5.9].
[13.9] INDIRECT FIRE
General Rule;
Indirect fire, as the name implies, is indirect fire, or
more specifically plunging fire with the arc of the
shell reaching significant height before plunging to
the ground. Indirect fire can only be conducted by
Guns of 6 pounds or greater, Howitzers and rockets,
See Case [13.1.8].
Indirect fire occurs during the phasing fire and
movement phase in the same manner as direct fire. It
requires an action, for example.
When conducting indirect fire the fire range is twice
the direct fire range, See case [13.1.7]. While
Howitzers and rockets are not able to conduct direct
fie, their fire range is if they could conduct direct
fire range. This is done to make things simple.
Example: A Gun with a Fire Range of 3 can conduct effective
indirect fire at a range of 6 and long range is 12 Base
widths.
When conducting indirect fire a HIT is achieved on
a die roll of 6, See case [13.2.3].
Indirect fire never triggers return fire, See case
[11.3.4]
Indirect fire can be conducted over friendly or
enemy troops, but the target must be visible unless
in a Built-up area, See case [13.1.2]. Can target any
element in arc as long as a los exists. Fires over
intervening terrain or troops
If Indirect fire use the Direct Row, See case [13.8.1]
When conducting indirect fire any target within arc
can be fired upon, there is no need to fire at an
enemy element directly to your front, See case
[11.1.1]
[14.0] ENGINEERING
Commentary;
Engineers or Pioneers are considered to be identical
in this rules. Both can undertake engineering tasks.
Cases;
[14.1] COMMON TASKS
All engineers or Pioneers can perform the
following common tasks:
Destroying Bridges
Lay linear obstacles
Entrenching elements
[14.2] DESTROYING BRIDGES
Engineer or Pioneer elements can attempt to destroy
bridges during the Fire & Movement Phase. The
engineer or pioneer element must be adjacent to the
bridge and expends two Actions. The engineer or
pioneer conducts a quality test, if successful the
bridge is destroyed, otherwise its not. If a major
bridge this has to be repeated, with the first
successful quality test damaging the bridge and the
2nd destroying it.
[14.5] LINEAR OBSTRUCTIONS
14
[14.5.1] Engineers or Pioneers can lay linear
obstructions, such as barricades and major road
blocks, at the cost of 2 actions. There is no Quality
test, its automatic. The Linear Obstruction is 1 Base
Width wide by ¼ Base Width deep. The deployed
Linear Obstruction must be in base to base contact
with the engineer or pioneer, which includes corners,
allowing an engineer to lay obstacle segments to its
front without moving.
[14.5.2] Dismounted infantry expends a ½ action to
cross and wheeled vehicles cannot cross.
[14.5.3] Engineers or Pioneers can destroy linear
obstructions at the cost of one action and requires a
quality test. If successful a 1 Base width wide tank
obstacle is cleared.
[14.6] FORTIFICATION &
ENTRENCHMENTS
General Rules
Fortification are deployed before the game begins,
they cannot be constructed during a game. They can
be destroyed by engineers or pioneers. Fortifications
are made of stone or concrete and gains the
appropriate modifiers.
Elements may be entrenched, either before play
begins or due to engineers or pioneer entrenching an
element. This has an effect on fire combat. To take
advantage of the entrenchment the element must be
taking cover in them, which would be assumed.
Engineer or pioneer elements can “entrench”
friendly elements during the game. Entrenchments
can never be made of stone or concrete.
Cases;
[14.6.1] An engineer or pioneer element can
entrench a friendly element by expending two
actions. The engineer must be in base to base
contact, which includes corners, allowing an
engineer to entrench three friendly elements to its
front.
[14.6.3] If elements move from their entrenchments,
the entrenchments are lost.
[14.6.4] Fortifications are the same as
entrenchments, except they are made of stone or
concrete and not lost if elements leave them or do
not occupy them, See Case [14.6.3].
[14.6.5] An engineer or pioneer element can destroy
a 1 BW x 1 BW fortification at the cost of two
actions.
[14.7] SPECIALIST TASKS
[14.7.1] Generally each engineer or pioneer
elements can pick one of the following. On some
occasions engineer or pioneer elements may have
more than one function.
Building bridges
Ferry units
[14.8] BUILDING BRIDGES
[14.8.1] Each element of engineers or pioneers can
bridge a river for infantry by expending three
actions.
[14.8.2] Each element of engineer or pioneers can
bridge a river for artillery or cavalry by expending
six actions.
[14.8.3] The pioneer must move to the river edge,
where the bridge is to be built, and must not move
until an infantry bridge is constructed. It can move
away and return to upgrade the bridge for artillery
and cavalry.
[14.8.4] Assume that an element or pioneers is all
that would be allocated to a corps in usual
circumstances. During an assault across a river they
might have extra resources allocated to them.
[14.9] FERRIES
Part 1: Rules
[14.9.1] Ferries
[14.9.11] An element of pioneers, specifically
equipped with boats, can carry an up to five
elements of artillery or cavalry, or up to ten elements
of infantry, across a river per turn
[14.9.12] The width of the river isn’t that
important, unless it is huge in which case they take
two turns per five elements.
PHASE 4:
HOUSEKEEPIN
G PHASE
[15.0] HOUSEKEEPING
[15.1] HOUSEKEEPING PROCEDURE
During the housekeeping Phase players
attempt to Rally disrupted elements, as well as
determine if the army will retreat.
Rally Sub-Phase: Rally routing elements, See Case
[15.2].
Victory Determination Sub-Phase: Both players
test to determine if a retreat occurs.
Game-Turn Advancement Sub-Phase: Move the
game-turn track to the next game-Turn.
[15.2] RALLY TEST
General Rule;
During the Housekeeping Phase both
players determine if elements, due to being
disrupted, recover and when they are placed back on
the playing area, See Case [5.2]. The Elements Class
is considered for this Quality Test, See Case [1.9],
Commanders Quality has no influence.
Cases;
[15.2.1] Any element which has been removed in
the current game-turn, due to being disrupted,
conducts a quality test to determine if they are
eliminated (removed permanently) or if they rally,
See Case [5.2]. If they rally, the Game-Turn they are
returned is also determined during the same test.
[15.2.2] If the element fails the quality test it is
removed for the remainder of the day. The element
recovers during the night and automatically rally on
the following dawn game-turn.
[15.2.3] If the element passes the test it will rally
after a number of game-turns equal to the Quality
test die roll. Thus a “one” means they are placed on
the game-turn record chart after one Game-turn after
the Game-Turn they were disrupted. Elements are
returned during the Reinforcement Placement Sub-
Phase.
[15.2.4] Elements which surrender or are otherwise
eliminated may never rally, See Case [10.5.1].
[15.2.5] Rally Quality Test Modifiers: If an
element Class is Elite its Quality is 5, if veteran 4, if
Raw 2 and if Militia its Quality is 1, otherwise its
Quality is considered to be 3, See Case [1.9.1]
Example: On game-Turn two a Veteran element is removed.
During the Housekeeping Phase it spins a 3, which means it
recovers. It placed on game-turn five of the game-turn
record chart, game-Turn 2 + Die Roll 3 = Game-Turn 5.
During the Initiative Phase its placed back on the playing
area. If that element’s Class was Elite, its Quality is 5.
Divisions-Kommandeur v1
[15.3] RALLY PLACEMENT
When an element is placed back on the playing area
due to a rally it is placed immediately behind its
commanding headquarters. If the headquarters is not
present during that game-turn it is placed once the
replacement headquarters is present.
[15.4] TEST TO RETREAT
General Rule;
During the victory determination sub-phase both
players determine if the C-in-C decides to retreat.
This ends the game and the first players who retreats
is considered to have lost and the other player is
considered to have won. If both sides retreats in the
same game-turn, the game ends in a draw. The level
of victory is dependent on which game-turn the
game ends.
Cases;
[15.4.1] Once no more forces are scheduled to arrive
as reinforcements both players start to test for retreat
during the Victory Determination Sub-Phase. Note:
While unlikely,. Its possible both players may fail
the test and be required to retreat, this is regarded as
a draw.
[15.4.2] Each player spins a number of D6 equal to
the number of elements which were disrupted in the
current Game-Turn. The highest value is used for the
test to retreat. If no elements were disrupted, no test
is required.
[15.4.3] Standard Modifier: The test to retreat is a
standard quality test, using the C-in-C’s quality,
subtracting 5 from the die roll. This means without
any other modifiers a Quality 1, or higher,
Commander can never fail a retreat test.
[15.4.4] Objectives: Depending on the scenario a
number of objectives are placed on the playing area,
any player in control of an objective gains a -1
modifiers when conducting a test to retreat. In most
scenarios there are at least three objectives.
[15.4.5] Losses: Players total all elements which are
disrupted, including those which are yet to return,
and compares this with the total number of elements
in their force. For each 5%, fractions rounded
upwards, that player applies a +1 modifier when
conducting a test to retreat.
Example: All reinforcements have arrived and a player has
suffered 3 disruptions during the current Game-Turn. That
player will need to test for retreat. The player had a total of
48 elements in his army, with 10 elements currently off the
playing area. The player would apply a +5 modifier, 10/48 =
20.8%, rounded up to 25%. The player spins 3 dice, with a
result of 1, 3 and 5. The player currently holds one
objective. He has to select the highest value of 5 and applies
a +5 and a -5 and a -1 modifier, with the result being 4. The
Army has a Quality of 3 so the player has failed, the army
must now retreat and the game ends.
[15.5] TEST TO WIN (Optional)
General Rule;
In a standard game three objectives are identified,
one in the centre of the playing area, one in mid
point of the attackers side, on the attackers left or
right flank within 30 cm of the player edge. The
final one is in the defenders side on the defender left
flank, within 30 cm of the player edge. Once all
reinforcements have arrived player determine if any
player has won. The first player to occupy all three
objectives is considered the victor, ending the game.
Objectives should be a built-up area on a road which
is 1 Base width square.
15
[16.0] DAYLIGHT AND
NIGHTFALL
[16.1] DAY LENGTH
General Rule;
There are usually twelve daylight turns, a dawn and
a dusk turn and twn night turns in a full day.
Cases;
[16.1.1] During winter there are one or two more
night turns and in summer, one or two less night
turns, and in the north there can be even less
daylight.
[16.1.2] Dawn, Dusk and night can affect
observation, See case [6.1.1], Fire Combat, See Case
[13.6.2] and Close Combat, See Case [13.7.3].
[16.1.3] Players skip every even numbered night
game-Turn. This reflects the reduction in activity
which would occur at night.
[17.0] CLIMATIC
REGIONS &
SEASONS (Table
Fourteen)
General Rule;
Climatic Regions and Seasons affect the length of a
Day and the weather which may occur during a day.
There are four climatic regions; Cold applies north
of the Pyrenees, Alps, Caucasus and the Central
Asian Desert, to the Danube basin, Galatia,
Mongolia, Tibet, Korea, China north of the Fei
River, Japan and highland Peru, and to all large
mountain regions. Cold has a sub category of Severe
Cold, which has the effect of increasing the likely
hood of Snow terrain and Snow falling. This applies
to north of the arctic circle, such as northern Finland
and northern Norway. Warm applies to southern
Europe, Africa north of the Atlas, Asia Minor except
Galatia, and Syria/Palestine. Dry applies to the
Sahara, Libya, Egypt, West and East Sudan, Arabia,
Persia, Mesopotamia, the Indo-Persian border, and
the Central Asian Desert. Tropical applies to Africa
south of the Sudan, India, South East Asia, China
south of the Fei river, and Central and South
America.
[17.1] TABLE 15: CLIMATIC REGIONS
AND SEASONS, See Case [16.1]
(See Charts & Tables)
[18.0] WEATHER
General Rule;
There are two weather paths, snow and rain. In both
paths clear weather means there is no weather
effects. If the weather deteriorates the weather will
change to Rain or Snow, followed by Blizzard or
Heavy Rain, See Case [7.4]. Players determine if the
Snow or Rain path is used before the game begins.
[18.1] WEATHER EFFECTS
[18.1.1] Weather can affect Observation, See case
[6.1.1], Fire Combat, See Case [13.6.2] and Close
Combat, See Case [13.7.3].
Part 1: Rules
[19.0] TERRAIN (Table
Fifteen)
General Rule;
A playing area will contain a wide range of different
terrain, examples include roads, built-up areas (such
as villages, towns and cities), water features (such as
streams, rivers and water ways), hills, ridges, woods,
swamps, rough going and difficult going. Most
terrain will have one or more of the following
effects, Observation, Movement and combat.
The Rules only provide the terrain effect, players
will need to allocate these affects against the terrain
they wish to deploy. Some suggested terrain is
provided.
Cases;
[19.1] TERRAIN TYPES
[19.1.1] Combat Effect: Terrain can be Clear or
Rough. Rough terrain offers addition combat
benefits. Entrenchments are man-made terrain which
also offer additional combat benefits. Built-Up areas
can be classed as clear or rough, as well as offering
additional protection if it consists of solid buildings.
[19.1.2] Observation Effect: Terrain can be
featureless, clear or cluttered.
Terrain: Effect
Featureless: Terrain offers no concealment, even if
elements take cover. (Desert or Plains)
Clear: Terrain only offers concealment if element
takes cover. (Default)
Cluttered: Terrain offers concealment even if element
is not taking cover. If taking cover it offers
additional concealment. There are three
types of cluttered terrain, Heavy blocks line
of sight beyond ¼ BW, Standard blocks line
of sight beyond ½ BW and Open blocks line
of sight beyond 1 BW, See case [6.2.1].
(Woods or Built-up Area)
[19.1.3] Movement Effect: Terrain can be Roads,
Clear, Featureless or difficult. Roads and Difficult
terrain affects movement. Some difficult terrain
prohibits movement in some circumstances, such as
wheeled elements moving through Heavy Difficult
terrain. Some linear terrain prohibits movement,
such as rivers.
Terrain Effect
Good Going (Road) Terrain increases movement
allowance, See Case [10.1.1]
Clear, Featureless Standard Off-Road movement, See
Case [10.1.1]
Bad Going (Difficult) Terrain reduces movement. There
are three types of difficult terrain, Heavy
prohibits all non-foot movement. Standard
prohibits all wheeled movement and Light
does not prohibit movement.
Divisions-Kommandeur v1
[19.2] TERRAIN HEIGHT [20.0] CREDITS
Opaque terrain can block a line of sight, See Case
[6.2.1]
Napoleonische-Kriegsführung v2.1
[19.2.1] If both elements are on the same elevation Designer: Peter Frederick Model.
any opaque terrain can block a line of sight.
[19.2.2] If the opaque terrain is the same or higher
elevation than either elements elevation, the line of
sight is blocked.
[19.2.3] If the opaque terrain is lower than both
elements elevations, the line of sight is not blocked.
[19.2.4] If the opaque terrain is one level lower than
either element, it can block the line of sight if its
closer to the lower element than the higher element,
otherwise the line of sight is not blocked.
[19.2.5] ELEVATION CHART
Terrain Height
Level 1 Level 1 Hill, Village & Open woods
Level 2 Level 2 Hill, Town & Woods
Level 3 Level 3 Hills, City, Heavy Woods, Forest &
Jungle.
[19.3] BUILD-UP AREA’S
General Rule;
Build-Up areas can be Villages, Town or City. Each
have different observation and combat effects.
Cases;
[19.3.1] Village: For observation purposes a Village
is cluttered/open for infantry or artillery only, in
other cases its clear. For combat purposes a village
is rough terrain for infantry only, otherwise is
considered clear.
[19.3.2] Town: For observation purposes a Town is
cluttered/standard. For combat purposes a Town is
rough terrain, but not considered as fortifications or
solid buildings.
[19.3.3] City: For observation purposes a City is
cluttered/heavy. For combat purposes a City is
rough terrain and is considered as fortifications or
solid buildings.
[19.4] TERRAIN DEFINITION (See
Charts & Tables)
16 Part 1: Rules
Napoleonische-Kriegsführung v2.1 - CHARTS &
TABLES
[1.7.3] ELEMENT TYPE CHART
15mm (UK) 15mm (US) Figures 6 mm
Cat Type Code Width (4cm) Width/Depth Element Width/Depth
Depth (cm)
CMD CinC CinC 4 cm (Circle) 3 cm (Circle) 2-4 (1) 3 cm circle
CMD Sub Commander Sub Cmd 3 cm (Circle) 2 cm (Circle) 1-2 (1) 2 cm circle
INF Muskets Ms 2 cm 2 x 3 cm 4 3 sq cm
INF Muskets (2 ranks) Ms2 2 cm 3 x 3 cm 4 3 sq cm
INF Light Infantry LI 2 cm 2 x 3 cm 4 or 2 (5) 3 sq cm
INF Skirmish Infantry(5) Sk/Jg 2 cm 2 x 3 cm 2 3 sq cm
INF Levee en Masse LEM 2 cm 2 x 3 cm 4 3 sq cm
INF Guerrillas Gs 2 cm 3 x 3 cm 2 3 sq cm
CAV Heavy Cavalry HC 3 cm 3 x 3 cm 2 3 sq cm
CAV Light Cavalry LC 3 cm 3 x 3 cm 2 3 sq cm
CAV Skirmishing Cavalry SC 3 cm 3 x 3 cm 2 or 1 (4) 3 sq cm
CAV Irregular Cavalry IC 3 cm 3 x 3 cm 2 3 sq cm
ART Foot Artillery FA 3-4 cm 3 x 3-4 cm 2-4 (2) 3 sq cm
ART Horse Artillery HA 3-4 cm 3 x 3-4 cm 2-4 (2) 3 sq cm
ART Rockets CR 3-4 cm 3 x 3-4 cm 2-4 (2) 3 sq cm
BAG Baggage Train BT 8 cm 3 x 6-8 cm Varied (3) 3 sq cm
Notes:
(1) CinC and Sub Command figures can be either mounted or dismounted but regardless of how they are depicted they are treated as mounted for Movement
purposes.
(2) Each base also has a model gun or rocket launcher.
(3) The Baggage Train can be represented by a supply wagon, artillery limber, vivandiers/cantiniers cart, tents, etc and a number of foot or mounted figures
appropriate to the army they supply. If the scenario demands that the Baggage Train be mobile then it should look the part, ie wagons should be
limbered and the figures moving purposely forward!
(4) Skirmishing cavalry has two modes, one figure per element or two figures per element. Some light Cavalry can also adopt a skirmish mode, which allows it to
deploy 1 figure elements.
(5) Jager and skirmish infantry can be the same, but some jager, especially Russian, are light infantry.

[19.4] TERRAIN DEFINITION

Terrain Type Effect
Open Woods (OW) Observation Cluttered/Open for Infantry or Artillery
Movement Bad Going for wheeled elements
Combat Rough for infantry or Artillery
Woods (W) Observation Cluttered/Standard
Movement Prohibited for wheeled elements, Difficult for others
Combat Rough
Heavy Woods (HW) Observation Cluttered/Heavy
Movement Prohibited for vehicles, Difficult for others
Combat Rough
Forest/Jungle (F/J) Observation Cluttered/Heavy
Movement Prohibited for vehicles or artillery, Difficult for others
Combat Rough
Village (BUA1) Observation Cluttered/Open for Infantry or Artillery
Combat Rough for infantry, otherwise clear.
Town (BUA2) Observation Cluttered/Standard
Combat Rough (or clear in solid buildings, both have the same effect)
City (BUA3) Observation Cluttered/Heavy
Combat Rough, Solid Buildings, ie brick, concrete.
[1.8.1] TROOP TYPE MOVEMENT & COMBAT VALUES
Key Name FE FR CAE CAE1 MOVE PTS STR
Ms Musketeers 4 ½ 4 - 2F 8 4(4-½)2F
LI Light Infantry 4 ½ 4 - 3F 8 4(4-½)3F
RI Rifle Infantry 4 ¾ 4 - 3F 8 4(4-¾)3F
Sk Skirmishers 2 ½ 2 - 3F 4 4(4-½)3F
Rj/Ja Rifle Jager 2 ¾ 2 - 3F 4 4(4-¾)3F
HC Heavy Cavalry - - 3 5 4C 5 3/4-4C
MC Medium Cavalry - - 3 4 5C 4 3/4-5C
LC Light Cavalry - - 2 3 6C 3 2/3-6C
LLC Lance Light Cavalry - - 2 3L 6C 3 2/4L-6C
SC Skirmish Cavalry - - 1 2 6C 2 1/2-6C
IC Irregular Cavalry - - 1 1 8C 1 1/1-8C
LFA Light Foot Art 4 2 1 - 2A 5 1(4-2)2A
MFA Medium Foot Art 6 3 1 - 2A 7 1(6-3)2A
HFA Heavy Foot Art 8 4 1 - 2A 9 1(8-4)2A
LHA Light Horse Art 4 2 1 - 4A 5 1(4-2)4A
MHA Medium Horse Art 6 3 1 - 4A 7 1(6-3)4A
HHA Heavy Horse Art 8 4 1 - 4A 9 1(8-4)4A
HOW Howitzer 6H 6 1 - 2A 7 1(8H-6)2A
RCK Rockets 6R 3 1 - 2A 7 1(8R-3)2A
PIO Pioneers 1 ½ 1P - 2F 2 1P(1-½)2F
TRN Transports - - 1T - 2A 1 1T-2A
Ms Guards* 4 ½ 4 5 2F 8 4/5(4-½)2F
Ms Grenadiers* 4 ½ 4 5 2F 8 4/5(4-½)2F
Note:
Element Skill affects FE, for Cavalry only it affects CAE (Close Assault Effectiveness)
Element Morale affects CAE, for Artillery only it affects FE. (Fire Effectiveness)
L = Lance armed cavalry gain a +1 in the 1st round again infantry only.
H/R = Howitzers and Rockets can only engage in indirect fire.
Heavy Artillery can engage in indirect fire using their face FE value and with their FR doubled. (Fire Range)
Medium Artillery can engage in indirect fire at half their FE value and their FR doubled.
CAE1 values are only uses in the 1st close assault combat if the phasing player.
* Guard and Grenadier Musketeers gain a +1 in the 1st round of Close Combat, defending or attacking.

[1.9.1] ELEMENT CLASS CHART

Class Moral Skill Name
1 -1 -1 M/Militia Represents Unwilling, poorly trained or poorly equipped troops.
2 - -1 I/Levee Represents poorly equipped but motivated troops.
2 -1 - R/Raw Represents standard trained but inexperienced troops.
3 - - O/Ordinary Represents standard trained and motivated troops (Default)
4 - +1 V/Veteran Represents standard equipped and experienced troops.
4 +1 - S/Elite Represents well equipped and motivated troops.
5 +1 +1 X/Guard Represents well equipped and experienced/motivated troops
6 +2 - F/Fanatic Represents Fanatic troops.
Note: Skill affected fire combat and Morale affects close assault. Class affects rally from Disruption.

[3.2.1] COMMANDER QUALITY CHART

Quality Code Definition
1 I Incompetent Represents Incompetent Commander and Staff.
2 P Poor Represents Poor Commander and Staff.
3 A Average Represents Average Commander and Staff.
4 G Good Represents Good Commander and Staff.
5 B Brilliant Represents Brilliant Commander and Staff.
6 F Fanatic Represents Fanatic Commander and Staff.

[3.3.1] COMMANDER PROFESSIONAL SKILL MODIFIER CHART. (See Charts & tables)
Professional Skill Code C-in-C (Army) Corps Commander
Effect Effect
Excellent E +2 +2
Superior S +1 +1
Ordinary O - -
Inferior I -1 -1
Despicable D -2 -2
 [5.9.8] LOOSE FORMATION CHART
Troop Type OW W* HW F/J BUA1 BUA2* BUA3
Ms/LI L L L P L L L
Sk/Jg - - L L - - L
CAV L L P P L L L
ART/TRN L L P P L L L
Key:
L = Must adopt Loose formation
P = Prohibited

[6.1.1] TABLE 3: OBSERVATION DISTANCE CHART (Base Widths)

Lighting Condition Clear Rain Hv Rain
Snow Blizzard
Daylight 10 8 6
Dawn/Dusk 8 6 4
Night w/Moon 1 1 1
Night/Moonless Adj Adj Adj

[10.1.1] TABLE 6: MOVE DISTANCE CHART

(per Action Movement Allowance) Terrain Modifiers
Code Type Off-Road On-Road Difficult Road Difficult
4C-6C Cavalry 4-6 8-12 2-3 x2 x½
3A-4A Animal (1) 3-4 6-8 1½-2 x2 x½
2F-3F Foot (2) 2-3 3-4 ½ 1½-2¼ x1½ x¾
½m-1m Manhandled Art(3) ½-1 ¾-1½ ¼-½ x1½ x½
Note: Headquarters move as if they were 8C, See Case [3.1.1]
(1) Animal towing wagons, including horse artillery. Note that Foot Artillery crew are on foot.
(2) Line infantry have a movement allowance of 8F, Light infantry have a movement allowance of 10F.
(3) Guns of under 6pdr have a movement allowance of 1m, other guns, howitzers and rockets have ½m
[13.5.9] CHART 9: FIRE LOSS RESULTS CHART
HITS Result
1 to 6 HITS Defending spins a D6, if the result is equal or less than number of HITS then target is disordered.
7+ HITS Defender is disordered and spins a D6, if the result is equal to or less than the number of HITS minus 6, then target is disrupted, otherwise remains
disordered.

[13.6.1] TABLE 9: DIRECT FIRE COLUMN MODIFIERS (DEFENDERS MODIFIERS)

Mod Condition
If the target is;
+2 Any Element in travel mode.
+1 In featureless terrain, unless taking cover.
Any element fired into flank or rear (1)
-1 Taking cover in clear terrain.
Taking cover in a solid building, or behind a Wall or side of Embankment which provides cover.(3)
-2 Taking cover in rough terrain.
Taking cover in entrenchments.(2)
Executing any unobserved direct fire. (4)
Key:
(1) Firer must be fully or partially behind the front of the target element.
(2) This also counts the terrain the entrenchment occupies. If entrenchment is made of stone apply the -1 for being behind a wall or in a
building, i.e. fortifications or City BUA.
(3) Add to any additional modifier for talking cover in terrain, such as in clear or rough terrain.
(4) Only applies to return fire, where the target is not visible because of intervening enemy elements but the line of fire is.

[13.6.2] TABLE 9: DIRECT FIRE COLUMN MODIFIERS (ATTACKER MODIFIERS)

Mod Condition
If the Firer is:
-1 if the firing Element is Fatigued.
If the firing Element is taking Cover (Disordered or Deployed), or if in loose formation (1)
If firing in rain or snow.
If firing in Dawn or Dusk.
-2 if the firing Element is Exhausted.
If firing in Heavy Rain or Blizzard.
Key:
(1) If both taking cover or in loose formation only apply once. This modifier is only used once.
[13.7.1] TABLE TEN: CLOSE COMBAT COLUMN MODIFIERS (FIRER & TARGET MODIFIERS)
If either the firer or target is:

Mod Condition
+/- For each Command Point allocated to the Close Assault, + if attacker, - if defender

[13.7.2] TABLE TEN: CLOSE COMBAT COLUMN MODIFIERS (TARGETS MODIFIERS)

If the target is:

Mod Condition
+2 Any Element in travel mode.
+1 In featureless terrain, unless taking cover.
-1 Taking cover in clear terrain
Taking cover in a solid building, or behind a Wall or side of Embankment which provides cover (1)
-2 Taking cover in Rough terrain.
Taking cover in entrenchments (2).
Key;
(1) Add to any additional modifier for talking cover in terrain, such as in clear or rough terrain
(2) The also count the terrain the entrenchment occupies. If entrenchment is made of stone apply the -1 for being behind a wall or in a
building, i.e. fortifications or City BUA.

[13.7.3] TABLE TEN: CLOSE COMBAT COLUMN MODIFIERS (FIRERS MODIFIERS)

If the Firer/attacker is:

Mod Condition
+1 Attacking with Lance against Infantry in first round of close combat, See Case [12.4.7].
Attacker is Trained, or better, British Ms being close assaulted by enemy infantry in first round of combat, See Case [12.4.9]
-1 Attacking a hilltop position.
Attacking enemy over a stream, ford, or behind a wall or the side of embankment which provides cover.
Attacking element taking cover. (1)
Attacking element Fatigued.
Attacking in loose formation
Attacking in Rain or Snow.
-2 Attacking enemy over a Large Stream.
Attacking element Exhausted
Attacking in Heavy Rain or Blizzard.
-3 Attacking over a Bridge.
Attacking at Night with Moon
-4 Attacking at Night with no moon.
Key;
(1) If a non-phasing element in cover, this represents an element defending against a close assault fighting back.

Note: Both the close assaulting element, or the element which initiated the close combat, and the defending element attacks its opponent during
each round. Thus the “Attacker” in this Table can be either.
[13.8.1] TABLE 11: FIRE & CLOSE COMBAT TABLE
DIRECT & INDIRECT FIRE (TABLE ELEVEN)
Target (FE – Fire Effectiveness Value)
Jg, Sk 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
ART, CMD -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
Ms, LI -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
TRN, Sk CAV -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
CAV -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
CLOSE COMBAT (TABLE THIRTEEN)
ALL -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
DICE
D6 - -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17

FIRE TABLE KEY

# # indicates the number of dice to throw, where a 4 or greater results in a HIT. If at long range halve this value, fractions rounded upwards.
If indirect fire a 6 is required for a HIT, See Case [13.2.3]
0 1 dice can be thrown, with a 5+ resulting in a HIT (Optional Rule)
-1 1 dice can be thrown with a 6 resulting in a HIT (Optional Rule)
- No dice can be thrown.
No HITS No effect.
1 to 6 HITS Defending spins a D6, if the result is equal or less than number of HITS then target is disordered, See case [5.1].
If already disordered, becomes disrupted, See Case [5.2].
6 HITS always results in a disorder (Obviously)
7+ HITS Defender is disordered and spins a D6, if the result is equal to or less than the number of HITS minus 6, then target is disrupted,
See Case [5.2].
NOTES
An element in travel mode add 1 HIT if any HITs are achieved against it.
Differential values which are lower than the chart allows are considered as no effect, unless in Close Assault, in which case treat as the left most column. Differential
values which are higher that the chart allows count as the highest differential. The maximum number of dice which can be thrown is 14, which is a
13+.
Add one D6 per extra row shift received in the attack above that needed to move the row beyond the last Row on Table [13.8] Fire Table. This only applies to Shift
Modifier, thus a shift 3 beyond the right most column adds three additional D6’s against the target.
INSTRUCTIONS
Cross reference the attacking Elements Strengths; See [13.5] with the selected Column, the resulting value is the number of D6 dice to be used and the value which is
required for Causality. See Case [13.4.6].

[17.1] TABLE 15: CLIMATIC REGIONS AND SEASONS, See Case [16.1]
Region Season Daylight Dawn/Dusk Night
Cold Summer 14 turns 2 turns 12 turns
Warm or Dry Summer 13 turns 2 turns 11 turns
All Spring/Autumn 12 turns 2 turns 10 turns
Tropical Summer/Winter 12 turns 2 turns 10 turns
Warm or Dry Winter 11 turns 2 turns 9 turns
Cold Winter 10 turns 2 turns 8 turns