1.According to the accounts, where and when did the first cry of revolution happen?

The first cry of the Philippine Revolution, led by Andres Bonifacio, occurred on August 23,
1896, in Pugad Lawin, Caloocan City. This event, a call to arms, signaled the start of the
Philippine Revolution against Spanish colonialism. Primary sources of this event include Pio
Valenzuela's Cry of Pugadlawin on August 23, 1896, Santiago Alvarez's Cry of Bahay Toro on
August 29, 1896, and Guillermo Masangkay's Cry of Balintawak on August 26, 1896. These
sources provide different versions of the event, revealing the struggle of the Katipunan in hiding
and their resolve to end oppression and injustice.

2.What is the significance of the tearing of the cedulas? What did the cedulas signify?

The tearing of cedulas, community tax certificates issued by the Spanish government, was a
significant symbol of resistance against Spanish oppression in the Philippines during the Spanish
colonial period. In the late 19th century, Filipinos were required to carry cedulas as proof of
payment of taxes. The act gained significance during the Propaganda Movement and the rise of
Filipino nationalism, as it symbolized a rejection of Spanish authority and protest unjust policies.
One notable instance occurred during Andres Bonifacio's leadership, when members of the
secret society Katipunan tore their cedulas in 1896 as a declaration of their commitment to
fighting for Philippine independence. The tearing of cedulas became a powerful symbol of
resistance and unity among Filipinos seeking freedom from Spanish colonial rule.

3.What are the similarities and differences among the three accounts?

Three accounts of the Katipuneros meeting in 1896 share similarities, including the location of
the first meeting and criticism of Katipunero members for starting the revolution earlier than
planned. The first meeting took place in Apolonio Samson's home in Kangkong, Balintawak, while
the second meeting took place at Aabesang Melchora's home in Bahay Toro. Santiago Alvarez's
account does not mention the destruction of cedulas. All accounts focus on the event at the end,
where Katipuneros cried out for their country's independence. Dr. Pio Valenzuela, a Katipunan
member and friend of Andres Bonifacio, played a crucial role in the revolution by attending
debate meetings and yelling "Long live the Philippines" while tearing up cedula certificates. The
first cry was made in Pugad Lawin on August 23, 1896, by Juan Ramos, son of Melchora Aquino.
General Santiago Virata Alvarez led the Cavite Revolution, which began on August 24, 1896, in
Bahay Toro. The first cry was not tearing cedulas, but the sons of people yelled "Long live the
Philippine Republic." Guillermo Masangkay and Soledad Buehler-Borromeo, Andres Bonifacio's
friend and fellow Kapipunero, also participated in the revolution, stating "Long live the Philippine
Republic" on August 26, 1896, in Balintawak.
4.What does the video tell you about the many different accounts? Is there a chance that all
sources are valid?

In Philippine history, the First Cry of the Revolution is an important moment. The Philippine
Revolution against Spanish colonial rule is believed to have started on August 23, 1896. There
are numerous accounts of this incident, and each one has a different time, place, and other
specifics. There is a chance that every source has some validity. The possibility exists, though,
that some accounts are more accurate than others. The differences between the accounts could
result from several things, including the passage of time, the weakening of human memory, and
the authors' political motivations. When assessing each account's credibility, these factors must
be considered. In conclusion, it is challenging to pinpoint the exact version of the First Cry of the
Revolution despite the abundance of divergent interpretations. However, we can better
understand this significant event in Philippine history by looking at a variety of sources and taking
their context and reliability into account.

5.What other information on the revolution did you learn about the video?

I learn about how strong the Filipino peoples are, of how they act defiance against Spaniards. It
helps me to understand our country’s history and how our ancestors fought for our freedom. It also
reminds me that we should never take our freedom for granted and that we should always strive to
protect what is ours. As a student, I did not know a lot about our history and I am just a teenager
who enjoying the Independence Day as a holiday. I am not aware about the hardships and the
braveness of all the Filipinos especially Andres Bonifacio who lead the First cry of the Philippine
Revolution. I realized that me as a Filipino I do not have enough knowledge about the history of the
Philippines that is why I learned a lot in the video and in this important topic.