Or Computen Network Repeaters © Hubs © Seot teh eg © Bok oRouters ° Gate 2 Netusond! hnterRce caarels © Coffsekees access PoPrts © Moolemo a Neston DevPces Hus § ©) ° 2 jacks on date (Ph k lower ahs Fs Used a2 a: central, peme of cennectton. am MeelPA seannen ts & hu, contating muttple posts. Cables from. Network olevfoes ere the PES on hub. aolvanta9gs + Prnple 5Pnexpandive gd Rereater & Phiyefeal lay en devk.g olefee thar acts on bPts Not on Frames oy- Pack ces lean have tise o¥ Mowe Cohen a bee eansFues Ay wecheves fr asd wegen RamsmPts P+ Sty V firtex Pacey, & PePeaker erates PL then abt chew frrteyRecep Bripges ol to dle the Lens fnto smatien CHG or 19 cohnest LAMS “thot Cage. bi @Por ee ae OD Page No YouvA Date A ConTRe Access RoTocors olied 2Ccess the stations consult one aasthep apa wlFlK station, has -the Rat to send. : gel 3 methods © Po /ppeneeren: ston needs to mone welervenion. lene om oneness — Tre % aR Beat! Tito Htewvale ps 1G) Pollfng 8 Cwoorks cutie stopologes ch chor, one deve ey | desPgnowedk. as a préman, stectfon amdsthe other —| evites af Scoondany Stations. ail -Pepeeg mace mone Om Inna era devices follow fs Frstauotfons. ss gd Gi) Token Pas 9 a logPook 5 g -Por_edich statthn thee. % a predecessor _amhk a | gucces sox rates © (KEAD a 5 Stoclens th a newotk, axe organized. i othe RIGHT passesl. from by Means oF specFal_ packet 13 | CHAIN ELIZA Ton @poMr s Fequency-DReser Mutttple. Acces s savaflabie bandwtitc fs dRPdedr Pato Freg.uency Soot bamols, «Each band fe reserved for specif statfoen. ‘€ach star%m uses a bandpass Ree fo @nfine the. tronamtter Frey uencter, B) Thm A? me Die Pon MulPole Aecere tstabions share tne banded of Channel ating +2ach ctatfin Ps allocated afine cle oluming cohfol fF an send dott. @ ComAs Code Divisfor Munple Aecers fe "One channel. cawnie atl FranimPsefons at Same Hime. eS eS 2mM tow 1 ki " Page No, E) a = — 3 Osa Loarfersente muiie aco] L _psfhorple tsense beftre qrramsm fe is Pi ce busy erento, Bila place G, oO olP cammes Pile =No 4ransmPssitn, taking J place scam. reduee, collfsPon, Dosmh Joy detect n [oarfer Sense mutttle Recess JcellfsPn fests | 3 —|@imierrame spe ang tee P Stotoo_ Monftors channel. while Sending a Frame g otf collPsPon. Frame @ Ps Comet again. ®)esma Zo Cartfer Seance, MustPole Access oft. Cll Peer AvoPden ce. USed Trae Network iohere be deteostes! CollPe Fong are COlLOs Foy, Cannot avefded usih Og 3 stroteqPess pace. CLFsy : SD Gontenten_ cof nclous ICFP Acknowledgements SD% Cohen on, Ale eerie fa Silents threaten pe ceesnct framed i+ wats Re a. esFe dl, ee aa Cotesl = Proumg, Space /; Rs, Contes AHRENS CPL sus 2.Mac Meda Acoess Corre]. ac Sublayer uses MAC protocols +t» ensure “thot als Semt From lFfferent sata channel. dort co || Ge. Murtipts Access frotocoug amma | . | | > coos Random Access Controlled access Ghannaatton | Frotece| protocels Protocols \ Aco [= Reservatien. Loma I csma E Politn LE tpma cSMA ZED L “Token passtng = coma al LesmAa/ca g al co Ranpom Access fRoToceLs eNo startor. fs supexfoor to another station. and mo Stotfon. fs _asfgnecl. to combo amather, Tews Feattese2? c%No“ccheduteol tne for a Stectfem_ to prams fe . oF No wules SpecFRy, wou Pch stan Should. semc ent. @ Avon emedfumn %s Shassec. benveen the starfons. ciofuxe AloxA Seach Starter sencls a frame cohemever Ft has a Frame to Send FColl fen. | may ocousr fonese Mae retransmission. fsamos, oH Felfer om acknowl ents fom the weotver UPs heles-to avofd more col! Pong, Slotted. ALOHAS Af Res the: Hine. of Share Channel mnto olfscrete. Frtemvole calleol Himesists ee 2 Oi ee— *|DLU sender gets a. packet form FES. fa] » conneatap-or fered pwatoce! Pa logfeat ie nron must be es ited. een. the 00 nodes = Sfraumes are. Numbered and sent fn. order Date Ifnk. louyem _prootfocols. = ea pprotoco | PF ba.o1fng S44 — Sfmple. — Phas Nef ew Plow Tor Cree - Cont2o!. [oY ex wy 1 Frame ct of PL sendls frame) DU. at veovever weereves aframe Pr0m The [fn nessracts the paoket FrortiL frame), olelivess packer do Ps nemark lasper. Orep ema coakt pootocel — —Uuses bot Fors Amd ermrmn Como). 2 Sender wu sere. frame at atime + ISenden ceofll stop & CoaFr pr eterno) ole sent from reereven «_lafrow wearev Qoknowleolge ment, $erdey _ Gnd pent Tpaokets to BeoPeveny Repfeten wesporiale WwoPHe ack, vohemn f+ Succes shtly ~reokeves a. Frame. 73a) Fe basking 2 process of covering fis© ln OCEDS ONE, C5 JB Claes dnfs, sender Sends bet, bextdate, dhe the rechever Behn Beth ore ser th stage. Frame, catlest ° phayybaskt: aecate PAFh.Dota Link lovers ie Se 24] DLC= Date Unk. Contes : Proming & Ghara eee = fron? ip 184 a a —T (6) Flow & Serr Grol = [OMemneatiniess 4 eopeatin andi peaeg es FPoCo, | a a | JEraming t+ fs process of Wrap. clots ui | cextafin Pnfvemarton. Isefoae. Ane out, Q @)chesnsted_orfirricsl/ Bitte orPented Reap A > Byte Shatner Bprocess of asin? tenet byte whendvers sthese fs QM escape or a_ eae Character ttre Aleta. @Q2e OrPeried. froming 2 2 BE ching Spmocess of oe” entra bP» 1 CNsuse Flog seg uence, oes ‘not appear Gnthe data. "@hen Sender's DLL Fads SF Cnsecuthe 75 | StUPEs 0 | }2] Flows Contiro| and Errore Centro] @ Flows comro| fe =the process 1of manag? pare of dota -tranemfssfoo, g elt prevents a. faster sender From. ovetwmhelinfag & slow _necfever. d 2 Cron control's the process of detectog and Correct*ng dara frames those have- se Cuban ducting +eans mss fon ¥ £3 \eonnecthensleae _pertoce | no conneatiin, fo ertablfchet bles hee edet Peach Frame fs fidlependent—— >Frames are Net num 22 connector eomworw a t ——— Runetons § otfe9 | same cx obove! ? Sessiem loyex?respongtble for olfalog ard chron?> act om, 4 ile) Prevenjan®n_ layer? wesponsfble, for tronslatin of Cormpressfen and Cronystion a X11)! PpplPeatton. layers éeiponstble for providing SewyPeeo 10 wis0om fincthems 2 Fie Peansfow A0003.5 , Management, Mahl Seovices leer 7y Semvices \CTaiter yap Reference Modal. EitansmPeston. (onto! Protocol lnternet= Petetocol | [L. PplRatiim loge 2. Tramsport louporr 3. Neto Louflorr 4. Tota lPnk later & Ropes Network (mirc ener Reprod BOs model amd ICP/|P pacteco( [atperns. ost Tee /) P > Open Syctern lntercomect en LS WansmiscRim. Condo | ‘ Protecal Antemet: protocol, Qe has =Flayers (lt bas leestens C2) |Rifowrs horPortab orpproach|(2) follosss ver eal appre, Sen loves Guarantees |[O-taan spat lasjerr does on es connrecafon orfertealW provides only Connect in— has rez ent hove. or prtsemtttion, lower ound connect oless sere lose sexvicds, GON Of Froese. |guccarif. deihely oF Cc. Pack eS |ies oe oS yrs. , Model [open Systems Interconnect on’ | 1. PhysPeak a 2 Mita IParte OYoor 3, Netoorke k g Y. Fearspor Cougar SL Session layed a ae loxyers + Applicaton Ife Orr onts layers spon sfble. fox movements of mAfvfdual a from. _one nede fo -the next. —fpnee lowet bajo oF 68 rset estabifshes moirtiaas amd deaoRates ipsa Ie connec. DevPces & tte Repeater, Moclert., Cables, Funettons § \Pae cont Pgs ton. sf4qnats, ber s¢nohvonfoation Lehiroxe comtrol phe feal, dopalegies. senate mee. Pak ow ex's wes ponsfble Poe raed 6 Frames Rom one node tothe neat jbl |b |. deyPded Prto 8 109feat Ink comtso|_loyerr and Meda. pecess _Gatrol layers: pancatons® Framing 5 phy sfcal adolsresstng fous contro), ees contol . ace contnl, a _ Gib | Nenu loons respotstole foe the oleslvery ee Pdteluait packers fm tne Source: heft f cesta hos}. - 2 luncatona # Pypemneorik Frag, aoloieressiing_» Sousa paakertPig. ¢ d a Zé — ete lawjontt Wespatstble fas eli of fou. moce9 S Ty ee AT zrombly Pleue EO ——-[rv \ om = — : s Frnk.to -Here every device thas 0 poi to pont ———jevery other deyPe. des Nede 4. must be connected. with n= ne = 4 mus} have. n-4. £/o_ports 2 | Ady S choThey Use deolarent. (nko each fink lala Casey Ss oun clota loa. So PraKe pollen cam. be avcldeol. PD HP arpbust. ST it gives pracy amol se ee) Ch) Feu Plemetarer and fod ie feelastion_ i eee omnes Tetephone offte 1 OFT ANA (fb) STAR. Topology aaa | a 2 SS a el ] Here each devfee hag a. dedfoated patt— ate pie Fink, fo the central Comtwlles canted — (Huy? PEFR, between clevP-29 Scouse Omly Hessouch bub | hub ohich wlay, Cohnedtsol. Sve © \TranspnfosFon_ eo alee ane iS) Pe 2 ee off (295 cabling 1[pus opolegy Be mutfpeiee ese one—lnng calle act as a. backbone +o [ik alt-the 0 [aevtees The are connected +e the backbone by drop |Pnex End S. ae mae ae entree aa co ps a only one devee to transmét ost actfine eS ca el 9 | Advantages € ie pe se! eB os i 4 cot putes mnctherboare/ lapel gations’. | oes Tepe! ° Ss ae ae = stoah Here each device has a dedfeated connect. woth 4u00 devPces on ae Sade. ° | the st fe passed fn one. dPrecthem__fstmn devfce -to ected, ung? 2 reaches “the desifnation. amd each dee. have Wepearer Adlves7. : 03 Exoy lw forall cle F guia =. Doptoactbra! fe. esau Zxlaool carr puses ee a a °Date —— PRoTocorg : H confers of @ got of WHles that yee alot comnmunfattone. key elements proctoco! are & ChSyndan. Sstructere or format of Leto a5 eu maartioo § Interprets meanfhg of PES. - GD Tinihg? Goel at eohfan olasla. should be Sent or Speeol ot cohkeh Fe 8 beh .|DFfferent types of netwone Feerevec. j @locnt Ree NetworRe CLAN) ea LAN Fs a network thot % USecl for Communfeast?rg ameng compuser devices usuall COP an Shee hitiatng or home e speed? lombps to 10 Ghd © \finPtedl %r P20 spaontr a Fees hundrecl MeterS no Mare thom amfPle 2con be wsfreol or wofrelere Cofredl Lalo Use Tubstedpate 5 Coan, Preropttt cable, © Every LAny uses a prrtves|, é oTopologbes 8 Bus, p89. Stan 2 lowerrcost -tham MAW 2 orn, © 3 LAN 4FEANIMPs Pon, Methods @lunkast’ fave packer §% sem Frome Source to a d+ rotten 2 Netusoyk. OMuttfeast? sfngle daxa Prower- copfeal. and Sent to “floc Subset OF Tlecleg On a Neguserte, (O)Rrbadcno+ é aig Lote Paickegs Coped_ and sent fo ad Shecles on patioorm. | 7 aesPl \ enone AREA Nereus CS ae [ee lass: See NCHS kK that seat Spans a_ bala ore opus. ee acks 1 Qu hen Speed nero to allows ae of reefor Tesources oe i coves aaa berween € ond S0kin AGarmoser etn Telephone Company network . daw ojo C= ia = s [ caro | al el \ +] cam 5 — Give AREA NETWORK CLoAn)) —eleopnrcovess | aphfe A0a9 such ag couN | eontfhent ol whole of the, world. |p conn 9s tise oy | more (ATI's Connected, fo | cam te Connected. using devfces euch os Ries ‘ esouterxS . ax Qateusay which enable, them “Yo oa AazG dg ° 2 [teshet (ar) sca: Aro Sie «Aro Lam f Mum cma cn Cw “Lean oI DE AREA >Mitowys, PPT OY | | TransmPssPon Mesh fa. = Ms _\Transmfss fen medPum Sphysfeal path betwee S| stransimPHrem cure recPover seperakes os PhugPoat [ayer cxf flean be liv Meo S46 = Trangm?ssfon ee osl_ Medel. Guten [unguided | oma ey = | Ceofretes 97) |Teteied |_| coastael [Feber [Bex | es el aloes optte cable (2) Gufaeot Meola. Feoteeol | 8 (ivteefetest Par cotbles3 Duses Iretauihe Conductors that accept and transport sfgnote Pa the form of Clecerfa Gprath current. J > \+tonsfsts of one ot more pafys of frowlotecl coppen- vofres that ame toRted to4ether- g 2 Tesfsting. wie: eeduces the effect OP eatlgeat freaference. om cavsstal > PpplRarforis? HronsmPting Waleg or a : Penals elephon neon, | Oi) (paasel. Cobbs & > Pee. Fuchereck por cr enB-L cable Casrieg data frthe form of cleoeste sfpnele ahfghes bandwith thea toistet Pathe 2 ¢ ea of Cooarel cableps Bas Coane Brathan can aso ohne cable 2 2€ ohm. e ‘ eused Foe AREAL oe J suse Fs UG AL orolsaalltutwre Page Ho. pate Transm¥ssPon Timpafement {ushPch awe not pes fect. the. Sn perfection, Causes Sfanat. Fn paPam ent. Thies means “thatthe sfinot ot the begfnn Png of ty jhe. i nettie same as Sfpnal. QF the. _endck of the. mealsum, Three causes of FmpoSrment ne © RHtemucctfoni? mreang loss of enexg4. 2e@Phen_@ sPenal.fravels Therugh @ mMeolRan ce loses some of ers energy PAL OvercomPng tre restelence, ofthe eckein Tigscerep Thus) wFres bezeme, hots tb compencite. fox thfs loss, amplPrPass acu usect LStanals se ARE brangmtssfor. mela. = > = DDistortvon 8 meang Sfynot changes Ys foo. ot Shape. Pach signal has fle eon propaggerton Speeol, through a melRemstns T coren delos! fr reaatiPiy destination. SNofse? severat type: of nofte. fe thermal & noke.. fnrobtuced nokta cmsstolk, ame Ampullie . noefe moy comupt sfenal g i g J" [oo Seetcheck Nencoves amt CfrewPt- [F paper | Si Sugtienes | seobtchedl | NALARD | foencor | a dedfeatest pecth b/eo DNo dedtared path > Source Zclertthatin ‘ ‘ } | ake packess “se. Same ~ Packets AOL Frckeperctorthy uv Band wPolth, coastage No bandedtolto_ Coastege, No chore Rfyrwamd |2Suppers Tore 8 Ayswose) Prong m Pes Fone Are 3p fSSPOr,ofp —hrangmies%r]| a Pes wat cabbie (Oo Ppt Pons Scableglv , CAN) eluate Sa - pero c cables > % made. of gla or plash® and -transmtts _s% cn of rae 5 arehPrechune of OptPeal FPoew a eee b Cl a S P C aati paltesrs the fore Penerrate coolls CMR tesave.e EWM waves inetie, have Peequencheo —___|bedweer amd 300 GH2 . these 22e “UNidimeotinal. 12. 1pplatfon Scellutass phones ,Sexelbirie. wfrebeos Cina. 2 cag Coane. ~ Oiipeaedt wenomes 200GHs. to Yoo TH> . cant penetrate. ——wanls, 2 applicetins’ ey beards sfels , prtinters. S