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Total Questions 20
Total Points 20
that employers are having a difficult time finding the right workers.
Correct Correct! When lots of people are looking for jobs, there is more competition for
Feedback each job opening. Section: The Unemployment Rate; Defining and Measuring
Unemployment
Incorrect Incorrect! When you complete your degree and begin your search for a job, would
Feedback you prefer to do so when there is high unemployment rate or a low unemployment
rate? Section: The Unemployment Rate; Defining and Measuring Unemployment
equal to its population minus the number of people who are unemployed.
Correct Correct! The labor force is the sum of the number of people who are currently
Feedback working and the number of people who are currently looking for work. Section: The
Unemployment Rate; Defining and Measuring Unemployment
Incorrect Incorrect! The labor force is the sum of the number of people who are currently
Feedback working and the number of people who are currently looking for work. It is the sum
of employment and unemployment. Section: The Unemployment Rate; Defining
and Measuring Unemployment
When the unemployment rate is low, nearly everyone who wants a job can find
one.
Correct Correct! The unemployment rate is a good indicator of how easy or difficult it is to
Feedback find a job given the current state of the economy, but it is not a literal measure of
the percentage of people who want a job but can't find one. Section: The
Unemployment Rate; The Significance of the Unemployment Rate
Incorrect Incorrect! How do we measure the unemployment rate? Section: The
Feedback Unemployment Rate; The Significance of the Unemployment Rate
Question To the extent that discouraged workers are present in the economy, the reported:
Answer unemployment rate will overstate the number of people who are unable to find
jobs.
unemployment rate will understate the number of people who are unable to find
jobs.
inflation rate will overstate the true increase in the cost of living.
inflation rate will understate the true increase in the cost of living.
Correct
Feedback Correct! Discouraged workers are not counted among the unemployed, because
they are not considered to be in the labor force. Section: The Unemployment Rate;
The Significance of the Unemployment Rate
Incorrect Incorrect! Discouraged workers are capable of working but have given up looking for
Feedback a job due to the state of the economy. Section: The Unemployment Rate; The
Significance of the Unemployment Rate
Question Workers who would like to find a full-time job but who are currently working part
time are called:
Answer discouraged workers.
the underemployed.
structurally unemployed.
Correct Correct! Underemployed workers are working part time but would like to find full-
Feedback time jobs. Section: The Unemployment Rate: The Significance of the
Unemployment Rate
Incorrect Incorrect! Discouraged workers aren't currently looking for a job. Marginally
Feedback attached workers are a subset of discouraged workers who have looked for a job in
the past, but are not currently looking. Structural unemployment refers to a
persistent surplus of workers. Section: The Unemployment Rate: The Significance
of the Unemployment Rate
Question The unemployment rate can understate the true level of unemployment because it
does NOT count:
Answer discouraged workers.
the underemployed.
Correct Correct! The unemployment rate can understate the true level of unemployment
Feedback because it does not take into account any of these groups of workers. Section: The
Unemployment Rate; The Significance of the Unemployment Rate
Incorrect Incorrect! Underemployed workers are working part time but would like to find a full-
Feedback time job. Discouraged workers aren't currently looking for a job. Marginally attached
workers are a subset of discouraged workers who have looked for a job in the past,
but are not currently looking. None of these groups is included when calculating the
unemployment rate. Section: The Unemployment Rate; The Significance of the
Unemployment Rate
7. Multiple Choice: Increases in the unemployment rate ty... Points: 1
Correct Correct! Higher unemployment rates could lead to an increase in the number of
Feedback discouraged workers. Section: The Unemployment Rate; The Significance of the
Unemployment Rate
Incorrect Incorrect! Higher unemployment rates, brought about by low or negative rates of
Feedback GDP growth, tend to make it more difficult to find jobs. Section: The
Unemployment Rate; The Significance of the Unemployment Rate
Correct Correct! Falling real GDP is always associated with a rising rate of unemployment.
Feedback Section: The Unemployment Rate; The Significance of the Unemployment Rate
Incorrect Incorrect! Economic expansions are not always periods of falling unemployment. In
Feedback this case, the economy may be growing, but not fast enough to reduce the
unemployment rate. Below-average growth in real GDP also accounts for "growth
recessions"—periods in which the economy isn't in a recession, but unemployment
is still rising. Section: The Unemployment Rate; The Significance of the
Unemployment Rate
Question Unemployment associated with the time workers spend in job search is called:
Answer frictional unemployment.
structural unemployment.
cyclical unemployment.
natural unemployment.
Correct Correct! Frictional unemployment occurs because workers who lose jobs do not
Feedback typically take the first new job offered; they search for the best available job.
Section: The Natural Rate of Unemployment
Incorrect Incorrect! Review the definitions of the different types of unemployment. Note that
Feedback there is no such term as natural unemployment, though economists do talk about
the "natural rate of unemployment." Section: The Natural Rate of Unemployment
10. Multiple Choice: Unemployment that results when there ... Points: 1
Question Unemployment that results when there are more people seeking jobs in a labor
market than there are jobs available at the current wage rate is called:
Answer frictional unemployment.
structural unemployment.
cyclical unemployment.
natural unemployment.
structural unemployment.
cyclical unemployment.
natural unemployment.
efficiency wages.
public policy.
Question The natural rate of unemployment arises from the effects of:
Answer frictional unemployment only.
Correct Correct! Because some frictional unemployment is inevitable and because many
Feedback economies also suffer from structural unemployment, a certain amount of
unemployment is normal or "natural." Section: The Natural Rate of Unemployment
Incorrect Incorrect! The natural rate of unemployment arises from the effects of both frictional
Feedback and structural unemployment. Cyclical unemployment is the deviation of the actual
rate of unemployment from the natural rate. Section: The Natural Rate of
Unemployment
Correct Correct! The natural rate of unemployment will rise if there are more young workers
Feedback because young workers tend to have higher frictional unemployment. Section: The
Natural Rate of Unemployment
Incorrect Incorrect! The natural rate of unemployment does change over time. Unions that
Feedback negotiate higher-than-equilibrium wages will increase structural unemployment and,
therefore the natural rate of unemployment. Government policy, such as an
increase in the minimum wage, can also increase structural unemployment and
raise the natural rate of unemployment. Section: The Natural Rate of
Unemployment
Question The increased costs of transactions that are caused by inflation are known as:
Answer menu costs.
shoe-leather costs.
unit-of-account costs.
both shoe-leather costs and unit-of-account costs.
Correct Correct! Shoe-leather costs refer to the wear and tear on shoes caused by the
Feedback extra running around that takes place when people are trying to avoid holding
money (since the money is losing value due to inflation). Section: Inflation and
Deflation
Incorrect Incorrect! Review the definitions of the costs of inflation. Section: Inflation and
Feedback Deflation
17. Multiple Choice: The increased costs that arise becaus... Points: 1
Question The increased costs that arise because inflation makes money a less reliable unit
of measurement are known as:
Answer menu costs.
shoe-leather costs.
unit-of-account costs.
Correct Correct! Most of our contracts and other economic agreements are specified in
Feedback numbers of units of money; in the United States, that's dollars. Inflation reduces
the value of a dollar (or any currency) and so makes money a less reliable unit with
which to keep track of accounts. Section: Inflation and Deflation
Incorrect Incorrect! Review the definitions of the costs of inflation. Section: Inflation and
Feedback Deflation
Borrowers gain at the expense of lenders if the actual inflation rate is lower
than expected.
High inflation rates are more predictable than low inflation rates.
Correct Correct! If the actual inflation rate is higher than expected, borrowers repay lenders
Feedback with money that has a lower value, and so the borrowers gain at the expense of
lenders. Section: Inflation and Deflation
Incorrect
Feedback
Incorrect! If the actual inflation rate is higher than expected, borrowers repay
lenders with money that has a lower value, and so the borrowers gain at the
expense of lenders. High inflation rates are less predictable than low ones, and
deflation increases the real value of debts, hurting borrowers. Section: Inflation and
Deflation
Question If lenders expect higher inflation in years to come, they will MOST likely:
Answer increase the real rate of interest.
Correct Correct! Lenders would increase the nominal rate of interest to reflect future higher
Feedback inflation so that they would be repaid the same real rate of interest. Section:
Inflation and Deflation
Incorrect Incorrect! Lenders would increase the nominal rate of interest to reflect future higher
Feedback inflation so that they would be repaid the same real rate of interest. Section:
Inflation and Deflation
Question If a country replaced its currency with a new currency at a ratio of 10 units of the
old currency equal to 1 unit of the new currency, real:
Answer wages would increase.
incomes would increase even though real wages did not change.
Correct Correct! The new currency would cut everything to a 10th of what it was before. All
Feedback prices and wages would be cut by the same percent, so real wages and real
income would not change. Section: Inflation and Deflation
Incorrect Incorrect! Review the definitions of real wages and real incomes. If you were earning
Feedback 100,000 units of the old currency, you would now earn 10,000 units of the new. But
all prices would be changed too. Have the real values changed? Section: Inflation
and Deflation
Investments
In view of the varied resources of Brazil, to enumerate the
possibilities for investors would be difficult. There is hardly a line of
industry which cannot there be carried on successfully. That of coffee
growing is so well developed as to be somewhat overcrowded, but in
almost any other line there is a field for the investor. Whether it be
mining of gold or diamonds, of coal, iron, or manganese, be it
agriculture, stock raising, the lumber industry, or manufacturing, the
harnessing of the waterfalls to produce hydro-electric power, the
construction of public works, the field for the capitalist, large or small,
is of infinite variety and excellent promise. The present Government
is planning a broad and active development of the electric power
available from its great and numerous water-falls.
CHAPTER LI
SOUTH AMERICAN TRADE