Basic College Mathematics An Applied Approach Canadian 1St Edition Aufmann Solutions Manual Full Chapter PDF

Basic College Mathematics An Applied
Approach Canadian 1st Edition

Aufmann Solutions Manual
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Chapter 6: Applications for Business and Consumers
Prep Test Objective A Exercises

3. Strategy To find the unit cost, divide the
1. 3.75 ÷ 5 = 0.75
total cost ($18.75) by the
2. 3.47 × 15 = 52.05 number of units (2).
3. 874.50 – 369.99 = 504.51 Solution 18.75 ÷ 2 = 9.375
The unit cost is $9.38 per metre.
4. 0.065 × 150 000 = 9750
5. 1500 × 0.06 × 0.5 = 90 × 0.5 = 45
total cost ($5.99) by the number
6. 1372.47 + 36.91 + 5.00 + 2.86 = 1417.24 of units (225).
7. 3.333  3.33 Solution 5.99 ÷ 255 ≈ 0.026

3 10.000 The unit cost is $0.03 per gram.
9
10 5. Strategy To find the unit cost, divide the
9 total cost ($2.99) by the number
10
9 of units (6).
10 Solution 2.99 ÷ 6 ≈ 0.4983
9
The unit cost is $0.50 per can.
1
8. 0.6052  0.605
570 345.0000 total cost ($3.99) by the number
3420 of units (50).
300
0 Solution 3.99 ÷ 50 = 0.0798
3000 The unit cost is $0.08 per tablet.
2850
1500 7. Strategy To find the unit cost, divide the
1140 total cost ($3.89) by the number
360
of units (14).
9. 0.379 < 0.397 Solution 3.89 ÷ 14 = 0.277
The unit cost is $0.28 per gram.
Section 6.1 8. Strategy To find the unit cost, divide the

total cost ($13.95) by the
Concept Check
number of units (2).
1. Unit cost is the cost of one item.
Solution 13.95 ÷ 2 = 6.975
2. Total cost is found by multiplying the unit cost The unit price is $6.98 per
by the number of units purchased. clamp.
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6-2 Chapter 6 Applications for Business and Consumers
9. Strategy To find the unit cost, divide the 14. Strategy To find the more economical
total cost ($2.85) by the number purchase, compare the unit costs.
of units (6). Solution Old El Paso 575 mL:
Solution 2.85 ÷ 6 = 0.475 2.97 ÷ 575 = 0.0051
The unit price is $0.48 per ear. Old El Paso 400 mL:
1.99 ÷ 400 ≈ 0.0049
total cost ($2.99) by the number 0.0049< 0.0051
Old El Paso 400 mL is the more
of units (200).
Solution 2.99 ÷ 200 ≈ 0.014 economical purchase.
The unit cost is $0.01 per gram. 15. Strategy To find the more economical
11. To find the unit cost, divide the price of one purchase, compare the unit costs.
container of ice cream by 2. Solution L’Oréal shampoo:

3.69 ÷ 325 ≈ 0.0113
Objective B Exercises Dove shampoo:
12. Strategy To find the more economical 2.99 ÷ 300 = 0.0099
purchase, compare the unit costs. 0.0099 < 0.0113
Solution Classico: Dove shampoo is the more
2.99 ÷ 750 ≈ 0.0.0039 economical purchase.
Newman’s Own: 16. Strategy To find the more economical
3.29 ÷ 800 ≈ 0.0041 purchase, compare the unit costs.
0.0039< 0.0041 Solution 200 tablets:
Classico pasta sauce is the more 12.99 ÷ 200 ≈ 0.0650
economical purchase. 400 tablets:
13. Strategy To find the more economical 18.69 ÷ 400 ≈ 0.0467
purchase, compare the unit costs. 0.0467 < 0.0650
Solution Miracle Whip: 400 tablets is the more
2.97 ÷ 650 = 0.0045 economical purchase.
Hellman’s: 17. Strategy To find the more economical
2.39 ÷ 400 ≈ 0.0059 purchase, compare the unit costs.
0.0045 < 0.0059 Solution Ultra Mr. Clean:
Miracle Whip mayonnaise is the 2.67 ÷ 1.2 = 2.22
more economical purchase. Ultra Spic and Span:
2.19 ÷ 0.9 ≈ 2.43
2.22 < 2.43
Ultra Mr. Clean is the more
economical purchase.

Chapter 6 Applications for Business and Consumers 6-3
18. Strategy To find the more economical Objective C Exercises

purchase, compare the unit costs. 24. Strategy To find the total cost, multiply
Solution Kraft: 5.99 ÷ 500 ≈ 0.0119 the unit cost ($4.59) by the
Cracker Barrel: number of units (3).
4.99 ÷ 240 ≈ 0.0207 Solution 4.59 × 3 = 13.77
0.0119 < 0.0207 The total cost is $13.77.
Kraft cheddar cheese is the more
25. Strategy To find the total cost, multiply
the unit cost ($0.98) by the
19. Strategy To find the more economical number of units (75).
purchase, compare the unit costs. Solution 0.98 × 75 = 73.50
Solution Bertolli: 9.49 ÷ 950 ≈ 0.0099 The total cost is $73.50.
Pompeian: 2.39 ÷ 225 ≈ 0.0106
0.0099 < 0.0106
Bertolli olive oil is the more
Solution 0.43 × 8 = 3.44
20. Strategy To find the more economical The total cost is $3.44.
purchase, compare the unit costs.
Solution Maxwell House:
6.99 ÷ 925 = 0.0075
number of units (3.6).
Folger’s: 5.99 ÷ 875 = 0.0068
Solution 4.69 × 3.6 = 16.884
0.0068 < 0.0075
The total cost is $16.88.
Maxwell House coffee is the
more economical purchase. 28. Strategy To find the total cost, multiply
21. Strategy To find the more economical
Solution 0.98 × 6.5 = 6.37
Solution Wagner’s:
3.95 ÷ 1.5 ≈ 2.6333
Durkee: 2.84 ÷ 1 = 2.84 29. Strategy To find the total cost, multiply
2.6333 < 2.84 the unit cost ($12.99) by the
Wagner’s vanilla extract is the number of units (0.65).
more economical purchase. Solution 12.99 × 0.65 ≈ 19.984

22. Decrease
23. Increase 30. Strategy To find the total cost, multiply
Solution 1.29 × 2.1 = 2.709

31. Strategy To find the total cost, multiply Projects or Group Activities
the unit cost ($9.49) by the 36. $250  29.296  $8.53 per share
number of units (2.8). $250  26.743  $9.35 per share
Solution 9.49 × 2.8 = 26.572 $250  27.981  $8.93 per share
The total cost is $26.57. $250  25.522  $9.80 per share
$250  23.377  $10.69 per share
32. True; each pair of cantaloupes purchased at $250  22.187  $11.27 per share
the sale price costs the same as one
Total amount invested: $1500
cantaloupe at the regular price. There are
Total shares purchased: 155.106
3 pairs in 6, so the statement is true.
The average unit cost is $9.67 per share.
Critical Thinking
33. A box of Tea A contains twice as many bags
Section 6.2
as a box of Tea B, so a box of Tea B contains Concept Check
half as many bags as a box of Tea A. If a box 1. ii 2. i
of Tea B cost half as much as a box of Tea A,
3. Markup is an amount; markup rate is a
then the price per tea bag would be equal.
percent.
But, because the price of a box of Tea B is
greater than half the price of a box of Tea A, 4. Discount is an amount; discount rate is a
the price per tea bag for Tea B is greater than percent.
the price per bag for Tea A. A box of Tea A

Objective A Exercises
is the more economical purchase.
5. Strategy To find the percent increase:
34. A box of Tea A contains twice as many tea
• Find the amount of the
bags as a box of Tea B, so if a box of Tea A
increase by subtracting the
cost twice as much as a box of Tea B then
amount spent last year
the price per tea bag would be equal. But
($5.8 billion) from the amount
because the price of a box of Tea A is less
spent this year ($6.9 billion).
than twice the price of a box of Tea B, the
• Write and solve the basic
price per tea bag for Tea A is less than the
percent equation for percent.
price per bag for Tea B. A box of Tea A is
The base is 5.8 and the amount
the more economical purchase.
is the amount of the increase.
35. The Universal Product Code, or UPC, is a Solution 6.9 – 5.8 = 1.1
series of lines, bars, and numbers found on Percent × base = amount
the packages of consumer products. The n × 5.8 = 1.1
UPC is used with an optical scanning device n = 1.1 ÷ 5.8
n  0.190
that “reads” the UPC and signals the
computer to search its memory for the price The percent increase is 19.0%.
of the item.

6. Strategy To find the percent increase: average airfare at Christmas

• Find the amount of the ($348) from the average
increase by subtracting the airfare at Thanksgiving
kilometres per litre before ($421).
the increase (5.9) from the • Write and solve the basic
kilometres per litre after the percent equation for percent.
increase (7.9). The base is 348 and the
• Write and solve the basic amount is the amount of the
percent equation for percent. increase.
The base is 5.9 and the amount Solution 421 – 348 = 73
is the amount of the increase. Percent  base  amount
Solution 7.9 – 5.9 = 2.0 n  348  73
Percent  base  amount n  73  348
n  5.9  2.0 n  0.2097
n  2.0  5.9 The percent increase is 21.0%.
n  0.3389
The percent increase is 33.9%. • Find the amount of the
7. Strategy To find the percent increase: increase by subtracting the
• Subtract the number of number of events in 1924 (14)
members in the first year from the number of events in
(7900) from the number of 2014 (98).
members in the second year • Write and solve the basic
(29 750). percent equation for percent.
• Write and solve the basic The base is 14 and the amount
percent equation for percent. is the amount of the increase.
The base is 7900 and the Solution 98 – 14 = 84
amount is the amount of the Percent × base = amount
increase. n × 14  84
n  84 ÷ 14
Solution 29 750 – 7900 = 21 850
n=6
Percent  base = amount
The percent increase is 600%.
n  7900 = 21 850
n = 21 850 ÷ 7900 10. Strategy To find the number of
n  2.766 subscribers:
The percent increase is 276.6%. • Write and solve the basic
8. Strategy To find the percent increase: percent equation for the
• Find the amount of the amount of increase. The
increase by subtracting the percent is 87% and the base is
2.3 million.

• Add the increase to number of • Add the increase to the

subscribers at the beginning of number of Canadian mother’s
the year (2.3 million). in 2000 (53 314).
Solution Percent  base  amount Solution Percent  base = amount
87%  2.3  n 36.1%  53 314 = n
0.87  2.3  n 0.361  53 314 = n
2.001  n 19 246.3 = n
2.001  2.3  4.301 There was an approximately
19 246 increase.
There were 4.301 million
53 314 + 19 246 = 72 560.3
subscribers at the end of the year.
The approximate number of
Canadian mothers giving birth in
2011 was 72 560.
amount Canadians spent 13. $12  0.10  $12  $1.20  $12  $13.20
$12 1.10   $13.20
on dog food in 2005
Yes
($769.4 million) from the
amount spent ten years later
Objective B Exercises
($933.0 million).
14. (1) Selling price – cost = markup
• Write and solve the basic
(3) Markup rate × cost = markup
percent equation for percent.
15. (3) Markup rate × cost = markup
The base is 769.4 million and
(2) Cost + markup = selling price
the amount is the amount of
the increase. 16. Strategy To find the markup, solve the
Solution 933.0 – 769.4 = 163.6 basic percent equation for
Percent  base  amount amount.
n  769.4  163.6 Solution Percent  base  amount
n  163.6  769.4 25%  285  n
n  0.2126 0.25  285  n
The percent increase is 21.3%. 71.25  n
The markup is $71.25.
12. Strategy To find the average age of
Canadian mothers giving birth to 17. Strategy To find the markup, solve the
their first child: basic percent equation for
• Find the increase by writing amount.
and solving the basic percent Solution Percent  base  amount
equation for amount of 38%  45  n
increase. The percent is 36.1% 0.38  45  n
17.10  n
and the base is 53 314.

18. Strategy To find the markup rate, solve Solution Percent  base  amount
the basic percent equation for 45%  210  n
percent. The base is $3250 and 0.45  210  n
94.50  n
the amount is $975.
Solution Percent × base = amount
n × 3250 = 975 94.50 + 210 = 304.50
n = 975 ÷ 3250 The selling price is $304.50.
n = 0.30 = 30%
22. Strategy To find the selling price:
The markup rate is 30%.
• Solve the basic percent
19. Strategy To find the markup rate, solve equation for amount to find
the basic percent equation for the amount of the markup.
percent. The base is $20 and the • Add the amount of the markup
amount is $12. to the cost ($225).
Solution Percent  base  amount Solution Percent  base  amount
n  20  12 42%  225  n
n  12  20 0.42  225  n
n  0.60  60% 94.5  n
The markup rate is 60%. 94.5  225  319.50
20. Strategy To find the selling price: The selling price is $319.50.
• Find the markup by solving 23. Strategy To find the selling price:
the basic percent equation for • Solve the basic percent
amount. equation for amount to find
• Add the markup to the cost. the amount of the markup.
Solution Percent × base = amount • Add the amount of the markup
48% × 162 = n to the cost ($50).
0.48 × 162 = n
77.76 = n
48% × 50 = n
The markup is $77.76. 0.48 × 50 = n
77.76 + 162 = 239.76 24 = n
The selling price is $239.76. 50  24  74
The selling price is $74.
• Find the markup by solving
Objective C Exercises
the basic percent equation for
24. Strategy To find the percent decrease:
amount.
• Find the amount of the decrease
• Add the markup to the cost.
by subtracting the number this
year (155 050) from the number
last year (171 514).

• Write and solve the basic • Write and solve the basic
percent equation for percent. percent equation for percent.
The base is 171 514 and the The base is 554 and the
amount is the amount of the amount is the amount of the
decrease. decrease.
Solution 155 050 – 171 514 = 16 464 Solution 610 – 554 = 56
Percent  base  amount Percent  base  amount
n  171514
  16464 n  610  56
n  16464  171514
 n  56  610
n  0.096  9.6% n  0.0918  9.2%
The amount represents a
decrease of 9.2%.
decrease of 9.6%.
25. Strategy To find the percent decrease,
solve the basic percent equation
decrease by subtracting the
for percent. The base is 45 and
number of cases in 2013
the amount is 18.
(41 035) from the number of
Solution Percent  base  amount
n  45  18 cases in 1987 (57 233).
n  18  45 • Write and solve the basic
n  0.40  40% percent equation for percent.
The amount represents a The base is 57 233 and the
decrease of 40%. amount is the amount of the
26. Strategy To find the percent decrease, decrease.
solve the basic percent equation Solution 57 233 – 41 035 = 16 198
for percent. The base is $800 and Percent  base  amount

n  57 233  16 198
the amount is $320.
n  16 198  57 233
n  0.2830  28.3%
n × 800 = 320
n = 320 ÷ 800 The amount represents a
n = 0.40 = 40% decrease of 28.3%.
The amount represents a 29. Strategy To find how much value the car
decrease of 40%. loses, solve the basic percent
27. Strategy Find the amount of the decrease equation for amount. The base is
by subtracting the number of $28 200 and the percent is 30%.
homicides the first year (610) Solution Percent  base  amount

from the number of homicides 30%  28200  n
0.30  28200  n
the second year (554).
8460  n

The car loses $8460 in value • Subtract the amount of the

after 1 year. decrease ($0.60) from the
30. Strategy To find the decrease in the number dividend last year ($1.60).
of employees, solve the percent Solution Percent × base = amount

37.5% × 1.60 = n
equation for amount. The base is
0.375 × 1.60 = n
1200 and the percent is 45%.
0.60 = n
The amount of decrease is $0.60.
45% × 1200 = n
1.60 – 0.60 = 1.00
0.45 × 1200 = n
540 = n The dividend this year is $1.00.
There is a decrease of 33. Strategy To find the percent decrease:

540 employees. • Find the amount of the
31. Strategy To find the average monthly decrease by subtracting
gasoline bill now: the earnings in 2008
• Find the amount of the ($31.6 million) from the
decrease by solving the basic earnings in 2010

($25.4 million).
percent equation for amount.
The base is $176 and the • Solve the basic percent
equation for percent. The
percent is 20%.
• Subtract the amount of the amount is the amount of the
decrease and the base is 31.6.
decrease ($35.20) from the
original amount ($76). Solution 31.6 – 25.4 = 6.2
Percent  base  amount
n  31.6  6.2
20%  176  n
n  6.2  31.6
0.20  176  n
n  0.196  19.6%
35.2  n
The amount of the decrease was
decrease of 19.6%.
$35.20.
176 – 35.20 = 140.80 34. Multiply the first test average by 0.05.
The average monthly gasoline
bill now is $140.80. Objective D Exercises
35. (3) Discount rate ×regular price = discount
32. Strategy To find the dividend this year:
• Find the amount of decrease (2) Regular price – discount = sale price
by solving the basic percent 36. (1) Regular price – sale price = discount
equation for amount. The
(3) Discount rate ×regular price = discount
base is $1.60 and the percent
is 37.5%.

37. Strategy To find the discount rate, solve Solution Percent  base  amount
the basic percent equation for 15%  450  n
percent. The base is $24 and the 0.15  450  n
67.5  n
amount is $8.
Solution Percent × base = amount The discount is $67.50.
n × 24 = 8 41. Strategy To find the discount rate, solve

n = 8 ÷ 24 the basic percent equation for
1 percent. The base is $140 and
n = 0.333. . . = 33 %
3
the amount is $42.
1
The discount rate is 33 %. Solution Percent × base = amount
3
n × 140 = 42
38. Strategy To find the discount rate, solve n = 42 ÷ 140
the basic percent equation for n = 0.30 = 30%
percent. The base is $72 and the The discount rate is 30%.
amount is $24. 42. Strategy To find the sale price:
Solution Percent  base  amount • Find the discount by solving
n  72  24 the basic percent equation for
n  24  72 amount. The percent is 16%
1
n  0.333  33 % and the base is $125.
3
• Subtract the discount ($20)
1
The discount rate is 33 % . from the original price ($125).
3
39. Strategy To find the discount, solve the 16%  125  n
basic percent equation for 0.16  125  n
amount. The percent is 20% and 20  n
the base is $400. The discount is $20.
Solution Percent × base = amount 125 – 20 = 105
20% × 400 = n The sale price is $105.
0.20 × 400 = n
43. Strategy To find the sale price:
80 = n
• Find the discount by solving
The discount is $80.
40. Strategy To find the discount, solve the
amount. The percent is 20%
basic percent equation for
and the base is $1.25.
amount. The percent is 15% and
• Subtract the discount ($.25)
the base is $450.
from the original price ($1.25).

Solution Percent  base = amount Critical Thinking

20% × 1.25 = n
46. No. Suppose the regular price is $100. Then
0.20 × 1.25 = n
0.25 = n the sale price is $75 because 100 – 0.25(100)
The discount is $.25 per pound. = 100 – 25 = 75. The promotional sale offers
1.25 – 0.25 = 1.00 25% off the sale price of $75, so the price is
The sale price is $1.00 per pound. lowered to $56.25 because 75 – 0.25(75) =
75 – 18.75 = 56.25. A sale that offers 50%
44. Strategy To find the discount rate:
off the regular price of $100 offers the
product for $50. Because $50 < $56.25, the
discount by subtracting the
better price is the one that is 50% off the
sale price ($120) from the
regular price.
regular price ($160).
Projects or Group Activities
equation for percent. The base
47. 35 to 44 years:
is $160 and the amount is the
4 819 000  2 597 000  2 222 000
amount of the discount. 2 222 000  2 597 000  0.8556  85.6%
Solution 160 – 120 = 40
35 to 54 years:
The discount is $40.
4 978 000  2 473 000  2 505 000
Percent  base  amount
2 505 000  2 473 000  1.0129  101.3%
n  160  40
n  40  160
55 to 64 years:
n  0.25  25%
3 674 000  1 924 000  1 750 000
The discount rate is 25%.
1 750 000  1 924 000  0.9095  91.0%
45. Strategy To find the discount rate:
65 to 74 years:
2 288 000  1 254 000  1 034 000
discount by subtracting the 1 034 000  1 254 000  0.8245  82.5%
sale price ($16) from the
regular price ($20). 75 to 84 years:
1 526 000  583 000  943 000
943 000  583 000  1.6174  161.7%
is $20 and the amount is the 85 years and older:
amount of the discount. 520 000  165 000  355 000
Solution 20 – 16 = 4 355 000  165 000  2.1515  215.2%
The discount is $4. Ages 85 years and older has the greatest
Percent  base  amount percent increase in population.
n  20  4
n  4  20
n  0.2  20%

Section 6.3 Solution 100 000 × 0.045 ×

9
= 3375
12
Concept Check The simple interest due is $3375.
1. Principal × annual interest rate × time (in
8. Strategy To find the simple interest,
years) = interest
multiply the principal by the
2a. $80 000 annual interest rate by the time
b. $5850 (in years).

8
c. 9.75% Solution 50000  0.095 
12
 3166.67
d. 9 months
The simple interest due is
3a. $10 000
$3166.67.
b. $850
c. 4.25% multiply the principal by the
d. 2 years annual interest rate by the time

(in years).
4. Simple interest is calculated on the original
9
principal. Compound interest is computed on Solution 20 000 × 0.088 ×
12
the original principal plus interest. = 1320
The simple interest due is $1320.
annual interest rate by the time
(in years).
(in years).
Solution 8000 × 0.06 × 2 = 960 8
Solution 4500  0.062   186
12
The simple interest owed
The simple interest owed is
is $960.
$186.
(in years).
(in years).
1
Solution 1500  0.075  1  168.75 75
2 Solution 7500 × 0.055 × ≈ 84.76
365
The simple interest due is $84.76
(in years).

12. Strategy To find the simple interest, 16. Strategy To find the total amount due:
multiply the principal by the • Find the simple interest due by
annual interest rate by the time multiplying the principal by
(in years). the annual interest rate by the
90 time (in years).
Solution 15000  0.074 
365 • Find the total amount due by
 273.70
adding the principal and the
The simple interest due
simple interest.
is $273.70.
9
Solution 9000  0.085   573.75
13. Strategy To find the maturity value of the 12
loan, add the principal and the 9000  573.75  9573.75
simple interest. The total amount you repay to
Solution 4800 + 320 = 5120 the bank is $9573.75.
The maturity value of the loan 17. Strategy To find the maturity value:
is $5120. • Find the simple interest due by
14. Strategy To find the maturity value of the multiplying the principal by
loan, add the principal and the the annual interest rate by the
simple interest. time (in years).
Solution 6500  80.14  6580.14 • Find the maturity value by
The maturity value of the loan adding the principal and the
is $6580.14. simple interest.

270
15. Strategy To find the total amount due: Solution 14 000  0.0525   543.70
365
• Find the simple interest due by 14 000  543.70  14 543.70
multiplying the principal by The maturity value is
the annual interest rate by the $14 543.70.
time (in years).
18. Strategy To find the maturity value:
• Find the total amount due by
• Find the simple interest due by
multiplying the principal by
simple interest.
the annual interest rate by the
8
Solution 12500  0.045   375 time (in years).
12
• Find the maturity value by
12500  375  12875
The total amount due on the loan
simple interest.
is $12 875.
18
Solution 500  0.069   517.5
12
5000  517.5  5517.5
The maturity value is $5517.50.

19. Strategy To find the monthly payment, Solution 57 000  0.09  5  25 650
divide the sum of the loan The interest due on the loan
amount ($225 000) and the is $25 650.
interest ($72 000) by the number
b. Strategy To find the monthly payment,
of payments (48).
divide the sum of the loan
225000  72000
Solution  6187.50 amount ($57 000) and the
48
interest ($25 650) by the number
The monthly payment
of payments (60).
is $6187.50.
57 000  25 650
Solution  1377.50
20. Strategy To find the monthly payment, 62
divide the sum of the loan The monthly payment
amount ($1900) and the interest is $1377.50.
($357.20) by the number of
23. Strategy To find the monthly payment:
payments (24).
1900  357.20 multiplying the principal by
Solution  94.05
24
The monthly payment is $94.05.
time (in years).
21a. Strategy To find the simple interest • Find the monthly payment by
charged, multiply the principal adding the interest due to the
($12 000) by the annual interest loan amount ($142 000) and
rate by the time (in years). dividing that sum by the
Solution 12 000  0.045  2  1080 number of payments (66).
The interest charged is $1080. Solution 142000  0.075  5.5  58575
b. Strategy To find the monthly payment, 142000  58575

 3039.02
66
divide the sum of the loan
The monthly payment
amount ($12 000) and the
is $3039.02
interest ($1080) by the number
of payments (24). 24. Strategy To find the monthly payment:
12 000  1080 • Find the simple interest due by
Solution  545
24 multiplying the principal by
The monthly payment is $545. the annual interest rate by the
22a. Strategy To find the simple interest due, time (in years).
multiply the principal by the • Find the monthly payment by
annual interest rate by the time adding the interest due to the
(in years). loan amount ($12 000) and
dividing that sum by the
number of payments (6).

6 Solution 12368.92  0.015  1

Solution 12000  0.085   510
12  185.53
12000  510 The finance charge is $185.53.
 2085
6
29. Strategy To find the finance charge,
The monthly payment is $2085.
multiply the unpaid balance by
25a. Student A’s principal is equal to Student the monthly interest rate by the
B’s principal; the students borrowed the number of months.
same amount of money. Solution 995.04  0.012  1  11.94
b. Student A’s maturity value is greater than The finance charge is $11.94.
Student B’s maturity value; Student A’s 30. Strategy To find the difference in finance
loan has a longer term and accumulates charges:
interest for a longer period of time. • Find the difference in monthly
c. Student A’s monthly payment is less than interest rates by subtracting
Student B’s monthly payment; the the smaller rate (1.15%) from
payments are spread out over a longer the larger rate (1.85%).
period of time for Student A, so Student A • To find the difference in
does not need to pay as much per month to finance charges, multiply the
pay off the loan. unpaid balance by the
difference in monthly interest
Objective B Exercises rates by the number of months.
26. Strategy To find the finance charge, Solution 0.0185  0.0115  0.007
multiply the unpaid balance by  0.7%
the monthly interest rate by the 1438.20  0.007  1  10.07
number of months. The difference in finance
Solution 118.72  0.0125  1  1.48 charges is $10.07.
The finance charge is $1.48. 31. Strategy To find the difference in finance
27. Strategy To find the finance charge, charges:
multiply the unpaid balance by • Find the difference in monthly
the monthly interest rate by the interest rates by subtracting
number of months. the smaller rate (1.25%) from
Solution 391.64  0.0175  1  6.85 the larger rate (1.75%).
The finance charge is $6.85. • To find the difference in
finance charges, multiply the
unpaid balance by the
difference in monthly interest
the monthly interest rate by the
rates by the number of months.
number of months.

Solution 0.0175  0.0125  0.005 Solution 2500  2.85744  7143.6

 0.5% The value of the investment after
687.45  0.005  1  3.44 20 years is $7143.60.
The difference in finance
36. Strategy To find the value of the
charges is $3.44.
investment after 15 years,
32. The finance charge was less than the multiply the original investment
minimum amount due, so each month part of by the compound interest factor.
the minimum payment will be applied toward Solution 3000  3.01747  9052.41
the balance. Then for the second month, the The value of the investment after
finance charge will be less than the finance 15 years is $9052.41.
charge for the first month because the
principal amount is less the second month
investment after five years,
than for the first month. Yes, you will
multiply the original investment
eventually be able to pay off the balance.
by the compound interest factor.
33. The finance charge the first month was Solution 20000  1.417625
exactly equal to the minimum monthly  28352.50
payment, so no money was applied to the The value of the investment after
principal amount borrowed. The second five years is $28 352.50.
month, the principal is the same as the first
38a. Strategy To find the value of the
month so the finance charge will again be
investment in five years,
$10, equal to the finance charge from the
first month. No, you will not eventually pay
off the balance with this payment plan.
Solution 75000  1.43226
 107419.50
Objective C Exercises
The value of the investment in
five years will be $107 419.50.
investment in 1 year, multiply
the original investment by the b. Strategy To find the amount of interest
compound interest factor. that will be earned, subtract the
Solution 750  1.040 80  780.60 original investment from the
The value of the investment after new value of the investment.
1 year is $780.60. Solution 107419.50  75000 

32419.50
The amount of interest earned
investment after 20 years,
will be $32 419.50.

39a. Strategy To find the value of the • Find the value of the
investment in 10 years, multiply investment after the second
the original investment by the year by multiplying the new
compound interest factor. investment (4245.44) by the
Solution 3000  2.01362  6040.86 compound interest factor.
The value of the investment in • Subtract the original value of
10 years will be $6040.86. the investment ($4000) from
the value of the investment
b. Strategy To find how much interest will
after two years.
be earned, subtract the original
Solution 4000  1.06136  4245.44
investment from the new value
4245.44  1.06136  4505.94
of the investment.
Solution 6040.86  3000  3040.86 4505.94  4000  505.94
The amount of interest earned in The amount of interest earned
10 years will be $3040.86. is $505.94.
40. Strategy To find the amount of interest 42. The amount of interest paid in five years on a
earned over a 20-year period: principal of $3500, invested at 6% annual
• Find the value of the interest, compounded semiannually.
investment after 20 years by

Critical Thinking
multiplying the original
43. You received less interest during the second
investment by the compound
month because there are fewer days in the
interest factor.
month of September (30 days) than in the
• Subtract the original value of
month of August (31 days). Using the simple
the investment ($2500) from
interest formula:
the new value of the
investment. 31
500  0.05   2.12
Solution 2500  5.20601  13015.03 365
30
13015.03  2500  10515.03 502.12  0.05   2.06
365
The amount of interest earned is
$10 515.03. Even though the principal is greater during
the second month, the interest earned is less
41. Strategy To find the amount of interest
because there are fewer days in the month.
earned over a two-year period:
• Find the value of the Projects or Group Activities
investment after one year by
44a. Strategy To find the value of the savings
multiplying the original
account after the deposit on
February 1, multiply the original
interest factor.

interest factor and add the September 1:

deposit. 1
814.15  0.06   4.07075
12
1
Solution 100  0.06   0.5  4.07
12
814.15  4.07  100  918.22
100  0.50  100  200.50
The value of the savings account 1
October 1: 918.22  0.06   4.5911
12
after the deposit is $200.50.
 4.59
b. Strategy To find the value of the savings 918.22  4.59  100  1022.81
account after the deposit on November 1:
March 1, multiply the original 1
1022.81  0.06   5.11405
investment by the compound 12
interest factor and add the  5.11
1022.81  5.11  100  1127.92
deposit.
1 December 1:
Solution 200.50  0.06   1.0025
12 1
1127.92  0.06   5.6396
 1.00 12
200.50  1.00  100  301.50  5.64
1127.92  5.64  100  1233.56
The value of the account after
The amount in the account on December 31
the deposit is $301.50.
(before the compounding occurs for
1
c. April 1: 301.50  0.06   1.5075 December) is $1233.56.
12
 1.51
301.50  1.51  100  403.01 Section 6.4
1 Concept Check
May 1: 403.01  0.06   2.01505
12
1. Mortgage
 2.02
403.01  2.02  100  505.03
1
June 1: 505.03  0.06   2.52515 2. Strategy To find the mortgage, subtract
12
 2.53 the down payment from the
505.03  2.53  100  607.56 purchase price.
1 Solution 197000  24550  172450

July 1: 607.56  0.06   3.0378
12 The mortgage is $172 450.
 3.04
3. Strategy To find the mortgage, subtract
607.56  3.04  100  710.60
the own payment from the
1
August 1: 710.60  0.06   3.553 purchase price.
12
 3.55
710.60  3.55  100  814.15

Solution 173000  34600  138400 b. Strategy To find the mortgage, subtract
The mortgage is $138 400. the down payment from the

purchase price.
4. Strategy To find the down payment, solve
Solution 350000  35000  315000
The mortgage is $315 000.
amount. The base is $850 000
and the percent is 25%. 9a. Strategy To find the down payment, solve
Solution Percent × base = amount the basic percent equation for

0.25 × 850000 = 212500 amount. The base is $240 000
The down payment is $212 500. and the percent is 15%.
Solution 0.15  240000  36000
5. Strategy To find the down payment, solve
the basic percent equation for The down payment is $36 000.
amount. The base is $625 000 b. Strategy To find the mortgage, subtract
and the percent is 30%. the down payment from the
Solution 0.30  625000  187500 purchase price.
The down payment is $187 500. Solution 240000  36000  204000
6. Strategy To find the CMHC fee, solve the The mortgage is $204 000.
basic percent equation for 10. Strategy To find the mortgage:

amount. The base is $150 000 • Find the down payment by
and the percent is 2.4% solving the basic percent
Solution Percent  base  amount equation for amount. The
0.024  150 000  3600 percent is 10% and the base is
The CMHC fee is $3600. $210 000.
7. Strategy To find the CMHC fee, solve the • Subtract the down payment
basic percent equation for from the purchase price.
amount. The base is $225 000 Solution Percent  base  amount

0.10  210000  21000

and the percent is 1.25%.
210000  21000
  189000
Solution Percent  base = amount
0.0125  255 000 = 3187.50
The mortgage is $189 000.
The CMHC fee is $3187.50. 11. Strategy To find the mortgage:

• Find the down payment by
8a. Strategy To find the down payment, solve
solving the basic percent
amount. The base is $350 000
percent is 5% and the base is
and the percent is 10%.
$180 000.
• Subtract the down payment
0.10  350000  35000
from the purchase price.
The down payment is $35 000.

Solution Percent  base  amount • Find the monthly mortgage

0.05  180000  9000 payment by multiplying the
180000  9000  171000
 mortgage by the monthly
The mortgage is $171 000. mortgage factor.
12. (iii); find 10% of the purchase price and • Compare the monthly
subtract this amount from the purchase price. mortgage payment with
$4000.
Objective B Exercises Solution 525000  0.0079079  4151.65
13. Strategy To find the monthly mortgage $4151.65  $4000
payment, multiply the mortgage No, the lawyer cannot afford the
by the monthly mortgage factor. monthly mortgage payment.
Solution 850000  0.0062911 17a. Strategy To find the mortgage:
 5347.40
The monthly mortgage payment
is $5347.40.
equation for amount.
14. Strategy To find the monthly mortgage • Subtract the down payment
payment, multiply the mortgage from the purchase price.
by the monthly mortgage factor. Solution 0.15  210000  31500

Solution 90000  0.0071643  644.79 210000  31500
  178500
The monthly mortgage payment The mortgage is $178 500.
is $644.79. b. Strategy To find the monthly mortgage
15. Strategy To determine whether the couple payment, multiply the mortgage
can afford to buy the house: by the factor in the Monthly
• Find the monthly mortgage Payment Table for a 15-year
payment by multiplying the loan at 6%.
mortgage amount by the Solution The factor from the Monthly
monthly mortgage factor. Payment Table is 0.0084386.
• Compare the monthly 178500  0.0084386  1506.29
mortgage payment with $800. The monthly mortgage payment
Solution 110000 × 0.0068218  750.40 is $1506.29.

$750.40 < $800 18a. Strategy To find the mortgage:
Yes, the couple can afford to buy • Find the down payment by
the house. solving the basic percent
16. Strategy To determine whether the lawyer equation for amount.
can afford the monthly mortgage • Subtract the down payment
payment: from the purchase price.

Solution 0.20  312500  62500 • Multiply the mortgage by the

312500  62500  250000 factor in the Monthly Payment
The mortgage is $250 000. Table for a 30-year loan
b. Strategy To find the monthly mortgage at 5.5%.
payment, multiply the mortgage Solution 0.25  299000  74750
by the factor in the Monthly The down payment is $74 750.

Payment Table for a 30-year 299000  74750  224250
loan at 4.75%. The mortgage is $224 250.
Solution The factor from the Monthly The factor from the Monthly
Payment Table is 0.0052165. Payment Table is 0.0056779.
250000  0.0052165 224250  0.0056779  1273.27
 1304.13 The monthly mortgage payment
The monthly mortgage payment is $1273.27.
is $1304.13.
21. Strategy To find the amount of the first
19. Strategy To find the mortgage payment: month’s payment that is interest
• Find the down payment. and the amount that goes to
• Subtract the down payment paying off the principal:
from the purchase price to find • Find the monthly simple
the mortgage. interest rate.
• Multiply the mortgage by the • Use the basic percent equation
factor in the Monthly Payment to find the interest owed for
Table for a 20-year loan the first month.
at 4.25%. • Subtract the interest owed for
Solution 0.30  799000  239700 the first month from the
The down payment is $239 700. monthly payment to find the
799000  239700  559300 amount of the payment that
The mortgage is $559 300. goes to paying off the
The factor from the Monthly principal.
Payment Table is 0.0061923. 0.06
Solution  0.005
559300  0.0061923  3463.35 12
0.005  500 000  2500
The interest owed for the first
is $3463.35.
month is $2500.
20. Strategy To find the mortgage payment:
3582.15  2500  1082.15
• Find the down payment.
The amount paid toward the
principal is $1082.15.
from the purchase price to find
the mortgage.

22. Strategy To find the amount of the first Payback = 733.76 × 360 months =
month’s payment that is interest $264 153.60 or $164 153.60 in interest
and the amount that goes to 164 153.60 – 100 745.60 = 63 408
paying off the principal:
By using the 20-year loan, the couple will
• Find the monthly simple
save $63 408.
interest rate.
• Use the basic percent equation
Projects or Group Activities
to find the interest owed for
25. In all calculations, the monthly simple
the first month.
0.0575
• Subtract the interest owed for interest rate is  0.004792.
12
the first month from the
Month 2:
monthly payment to find the
Amount to interest:
amount of the payment that
0.004792  244744.29  1172.81
goes to paying off the
principal. Amount to principal:
0.05 1429.75  1172.81  256.94
Solution  0.0041667
12
New principal:
0.0041667  720 000  3000
244744.29  256.94  244487.35
month is $3000. Month 3:
3865.10  3000  865.10 Amount to interest:
The amount paid toward the 0.004792  244487.35  1171.58
principal is $865.10. Amount to principal:
23. The amount of the first month’s payment that 1429.75  1171.58  258.17
goes toward the principal is (iii) New principal:

0.05 244487.35  258.17  244229.18
1610   300000.
12
Month 4:
Critical Thinking Amount to interest:
24. Choice 1: 8% for 20 years 0.004792  244229.18  1170.35
100 000 × 0.0083644 = 836.44/month Amount to principal:

1429.75  1170.35  259.40
Payback = 836.44 × 240 months =
$200 745.60, or $100 745.60 in interest New principal:
244229.18  259.40  243969.78
Choice 2: 8% for 30 years
100 000 × 0.0073376 = 733.76

Check Your Progress: Chapter 6 Solution 0.40  225  n

90  n
1. Strategy To find the unit cost, divide the 225 + 90 = 315
cost of the package by the The selling price is $315.
number of units in the package.
45.99
Solution  3.83 • Find the amount of the
12
decrease.
The unit cost is $3.83.
2. Strategy To find the more economical
equation for percent.
Solution 185 – 168 = 17
Solution 18.49  600  0.0308
n  185  17
12.99  450  0.0288
n  17  185
$0.031  $0.029
n  0.092
The more economical purchase
The percent decrease in the
is 450 grams for $12.99.
agent’s weight is 9.2%.
7. Strategy To find the sale price:
• Find the discount by solving
Solution 2.97  15  44.55
amount.
The total cost of 15 square yards
• Subtract to find the sale price.
of bluegrass sod is $44.55.
Solution 0.20  89.95  n
4. Strategy To find the percent increase: 17.99  n
• Find the amount of the 89.95 – 17.99 = 71.96
increase. The sale price is $71.96.
• Solve the basic percent 8. Strategy To find the simple interest due,
equation for percent. multiply the principal (1500)
Solution 8 billion – 7 billion = 1 billion times the annual interest rate
n7 1 (8% = 0.08) times the time in
n  1 7
years (18 months = 1.5 years).
n  0.143
Solution 1500  0.08  1.5  180
The percent increase is $14.3%.
The borrowers will pay $180 in
5. Strategy To find the selling price: interest.
multiply the principal, or unpaid
amount.
balance (365) times the monthly
• Add the markup to the cost.
interest rate (1.8%) times the
number of months (1).

Solution 365  0.018  1  6.57 Section 6.5

The finance charge is $6.57.
Concept Check
investment: 1. Use the basic percent equation to find 20% of
• Find the amount of interest the purchase price of the car.
earned by multiplying the 2. Monthly Payment Table
original principal (2500) by
the factor found in the
Compound Interest Table
3. Strategy To determine whether Amanda
(1.69040).
has enough money for the down
• Add the interest earned to the
payment:
principal.
Solution 2500  1.69040  4226
The value of the investment
equation for amount. The base
is $4226.
is $7100 and the percent
11. Strategy To find the mortgage: is 12%.
• Find the down payment by • Compare the required down
solving the basic percent payment with $780.
equation for amount. Solution Percent × base = amount
• Subtract the down payment 0.12 × 7100
from the purchase price. = 852 down payment
$852 > $780
Solution 0.20  236000  47200
236000  47200  188800 No, Amanda does not have
The mortgage is $188 800. enough for the down payment.
12. Strategy To find the monthly mortgage 4. Strategy To find the down payment, solve
payment, multiply the mortgage the basic percent equation for
(175 000) by the factor in the amount. The base is $23 500 and
Monthly Payment Table for a the percent is 15%.
15-year loan at 5.5%. Solution Percent × base  amount

0.15  23 500  3525
Solution The factor from the Monthly
Payment Table is 0.0081708. The down payment is $3525.
175000  0.0081708  1429.89 5. Strategy To find how much sales tax is

The monthly mortgage payment paid, solve the basic percent
is $1429.89. equation for amount. The base is
$26,500 and the percent is 12%.

Solution 0.12  26 500 = 318 Solution 416+ 46 = 462
The sales tax is $318. The total cost of the sales tax
and licence fee is $462.
6. Strategy To find the sales tax, solve the
basic percent equation for 10a. Strategy To find the sales tax, solve the
amount. The base is $28 500 and basic percent equation for
the percent is 13%. amount. The base is $9375 and
Solution Percent  base  amount the percent is 13%.

0.13  28 500  3705 Solution Percent  base  amount
0.13  9375  1218.75
The sales tax is $3705.
The sales tax is $1218.75.
basic percent equation for b. Strategy To find the total of the down
amount. The base is $32 500 and payment and the sales tax, add
the percent is 13%. the sales tax to the down
Solution Percent  base  amount payment.

0.13  32 500  4225 Solution 1875  1218.75  3093.75
The sales tax is $4225. The total cost of the down

payment and sales tax is
$3093.75.
amount. The base is $16 998 and 11a. Strategy To find the down payment, solve
the percent is 5%. the basic percent equation for
Solution Percent  base  amount amount. The base is $16 200 and
0.05  16 998  849.9 the percent is 25%.
The sales tax is $849.90. Solution Percent  base  amount
0.25  16 200  4050
9a. Strategy To find the sales tax, solve the
The down payment is $4050.
amount. The base is $3200 and b. Strategy To find the amount financed,
the percent is 13%. subtract the down payment from
Solution Percent  base  amount the purchase price.
0.13  3200  416 Solution 16 200 – 4050 = 12 150
The sales tax is $416. The amount financed is $12 150.
b. Strategy To find the total cost of the sales 12a. Strategy To find the down payment, solve
tax and licence fee, add the sales the basic percent equation for
tax ($416) and the licence amount. The base is $24 900 and
fee ($46). the percent is 15%.

Solution Percent  base  amount Objective B Exercises

0.15  24 900  3735 16. To find cost per kilometre, divide the cost by
The down payment is $3735. the number of kilometres.
b. Strategy To find the amount financed, 17. To find the cost to drive 23 000 kilometres,
subtract the down payment from multiply the number of kilometres by the
the purchase price. cost per kilometre.
Solution 24 900  3735  21165
18. Strategy To find the monthly truck
The amount financed is $21 165. payment, multiply the amount
13. Strategy To find the amount financed: financed by the monthly
• Find the amount of the down payment factor.
payment by solving the basic Solution 24 000 × 0.0230293 ≈ 552.70
percent equation for amount. The monthly truck payment is
The base is $45 000 and the $552.70.
percent is 20%. 19. Strategy To find the monthly car
• Subtract the down payment payment, multiply the amount
from the purchase price financed by the monthly
($45 000). payment factor.
Solution Percent  base  amount Solution 18 000  0.0307629  553.73
0.20  45,000  9000
The monthly car payment is
45 000  9000  36 000
$553.73.
The amount financed is $36 000.
20. Strategy To find how much it costs to
14. Strategy To find the amount financed:
operate a car, multiply the
number of kilometres (23 000)
by the cost per kilometre
equation for amount. The base
($0.49).
is $13 500 and the percent
Solution 0.49 × 23 000 = 11 270
is 25%.
The cost is $11 270.
21. Strategy To find the cost per kilometre:
• Find the total cost of the
0.25  13 500  3375 expenses over the 5-year
13 500  3375  10 125 period.
The amount financed is $10 125. • Divide the total cost by the
number of kilometres driven
15. The expression represents the total cost of
(75 000).
buying the car.

Solution 2 573 The down payment is $7399.

3650 36995 – 7399 = 29 596
14 764 The amount financed is $29 596.
11 457
29 596  0.0228035  674.89
 5 686
The monthly payment
38 129
is $674.89.
38 129  75 000  0.508
The cost is $0.51 per kilometre. 24. Strategy To find the monthly payment:
22a. Strategy To find the amount of the down
payment, solve the basic percent
Solution 0.20  28 850  n
from the purchase price to find
5770  n
the amount financed.
The down payment is $5770.
• Multiply the amount financed
b. Strategy To find the amount financed, by the factor found in the
subtract the down payment from Monthly Payment Table.
the cost of the tractor (28 850). Solution 0.25  56 500  14 125
Solution 28 850 – 5770 = 23 080
The down payment is $14 125.
The amount financed is $23 080.
56 500 – 14 125 = 42 375
c. Strategy To find the monthly payment, The amount financed is $42 375.
multiply the amount financed by 42 375  0.0191012  809.41
the monthly payment factor. The monthly payment
Solution 23 080  0.0189860  438.20 is $809.41.
The monthly payment
25. Strategy To find the cost per kilometre
is $438.20.
for gasoline, divide the total cost
23. Strategy To find the monthly payment: by the number of kilometres.
• Find the down payment by Solution 2685  26 000  0.103
solving the basic percent The cost was $0.10 per
equation for amount. kilometre.
from the purchase price to find Critical Thinking
the amount financed. 26. The monthly payment is $19 000 ×
• Multiply the amount financed 0.0194493 = $369.54. The total interest
by the factor found in the repaid is $369.54(12 × 5) – $19 000 ≈ $3172.
Monthly Payment Table.
Solution 0.20  36 995  n
7399  n

Projects or Group Activities 5. Strategy To find the commission, solve

27. After 1 year, the car is worth the basic percent equation for
30 000  0.17(30 000)  $24 900 amount. The base is $131 000
After 2 years, the car is worth
24 900  0.12(24 900)  $21 912
0.03 × 131 000 = 3930
The real estate agent’s
21 912  0.10(21 912)  $19 720.80
commission is $3930.
6. Strategy To find the commission, solve
19 720.80  0.10(19 720.80)  $17 748.72
amount. The base is $1050 and
17 748.72  0.10(17 748.72)  $15 973.85
the percent is 40%.
The car has depreciated by Solution Percent × base = amount
30 000  15 973.85  $14 026.15 0.40  1050  420
The cost per kilometre for depreciation is Ron’s commission is $420.
14 026.15  75 000  0.187  $0.19
Section 6.6 amount. The base is $5600 and
the percent is 1.5%.
Concept Check
1. Commissions are calculated as a percent
0.015 × 5600 = 84
of sales.
The stockbroker’s commission
2. To find the weekly wages, multiply the hourly is $84.
wage by the number of hours worked.
amount. The base is $22 500 and
3. Strategy To find the earnings, multiply
the percent is 20%.
the hourly wage by the number
of hours.
0.20  22 500  4500
Solution 11.50 × 40 = 460
The owner’s commission
Lewis earns $460.
is $4500.
4. Strategy To find the payment, multiply
9. Strategy To find the monthly salary,
the hourly wage by the number
divide the annual salary by 12.
of hours.
Solution 38 928 ÷ 12 = 3244
Solution 11 × 25 = 275
Keisha receives $3244 a month.
She pays the gardener $275.

10. Strategy To find the monthly salary, 16. Strategy To find the hourly wage, divide
divide the annual salary by 12. the total wage by the number
Solution 27  12  2325 of hours.
The plumber receives $2325 Solution 3400 ÷ 40 = 85
a month. Maxine’s hourly wage is $85.
11. Strategy To find the commission, solve 17a. Strategy To find the hourly wage for
the basic percent equation for overtime, multiply the regular
amount. The base is $4500 and wage by 2 (double time).

the percent is 12%. Solution 10.78  2  21.56
Solution Percent  base  amount Gil’s overtime hourly wage

0.12  4500  540 is $21.56.
Carlos’s commission was $540. b. Strategy To find the earnings, multiply
12. Strategy To find the commission, solve the overtime hourly wage by the
the basic percent equation for number of hours.
amount. The base is $450 and Solution 21.56  16  344.96
the percent is 25%. Gil earns $344.96 for overtime.
18a. Strategy To find the hourly wage on
0.25 × 450 = 112.5
Saturday, multiply the regular
The golf pro’s commission
hourly wage by 1.5 (time and
was $112.50.
a half).
13. Strategy To find the earnings, multiply Solution 21.84 × 1.5 = 32.76
the earnings per square metre by The hourly wage on Saturday
the number of square metres. is $32.76.
Solution 5.75  160  920
b. Strategy To find the earnings for
Steven receives $920. Saturday, multiply the hourly
14. Strategy To find the earnings, multiply wage by the number of hours.
the earnings per page by the Solution 32.76 × 8 = 262.08
number of pages. The lathe operator earns
Solution 3.75 × 225 = 843.75 $262.08.
The typist earns $843.75. 19a. Strategy To find the increase in pay for
15. Strategy To find the chemist’s hourly the evening shift, solve the basic
wage, divide the total wage by percent equation for amount.
the number of hours. The base is $12.68 and the
Solution 15 000  120  125 percent is 15%.
The chemist’s hourly wage
is $125.

Solution Percent  base  amount Solution

0.15  12.68  1.90 4826  1500  3326
The increase in pay is $1.90. Percent × base = amount
0.15 × 3326 = 498.90 commission
b. Strategy To find the hourly wage for the 250 + 498.90 = 748.90
evening shift, add the increase in The salesperson’s earnings were $748.90.
pay to the regular hourly wage
22. (iii); the assistant worked 41 hours, so
Solution 12.68 + 1.90 = 14.58
35 hours are paid at $20 an hour and 6 hours
The clerk’s hourly wage for the
are paid at time and a half, which is $30
evening shift is $14.58.
per hour.
20a. Strategy To find the increase in pay, solve
the basic percent equation for Critical Thinking
amount. The base is $31.50 and 23. 27.93  32.9  918.897  $918.90
the percent is 10%.
24. 27.70  33.0  914.1  $914.10
0.10 × 31.50 = $3.15. 25. 918.90  914.10  4.8
The nurse’s increase in pay n  918.90  4.8
is $3.15. n  4.8  918.90
n  0.0052
b. Strategy To find the hourly wage for the
night shift, add the increase in The percent increase was 0.5%.
pay to the regular hourly wage.

Solution 31.50 + 3.15 = 34.65 Projects or Group Activities
The nurse’s hourly pay 26a. 26 000  0.0073969  $192.32
is $34.65. b. 23.09  160  $3694.40
21. Strategy To find the earnings for the c. n  3694.40  192.32
week: n  192.32  3694.40
• Find the amount of sales over n  0.052  5.2%
$1500 by subtracting $1500
from the total sales ($4826).
Section 6.7
• Find the commission by
solving the basic percent Concept Check
equation for amount. The base 1. The payee is the person or business to whom
is the sales over $1500 and the the cheque is written.
percent is 15%.
2. A deposit
• Add the commission to the
weekly salary ($250).

Objective A Exercises 7. Strategy To find the current bank account

3. Strategy To find your current bank balance, add the amount of the
balance, add the deposit to the deposit to the old balance. Then
old balance. subtract the amount of the
Solution 342.51 + 143.81 = 486.32 cheque and the purchase.
Your current bank account 3476.85
Solution
balance is $486.32. + 1048.53
4525.38
4. Strategy To find the current bank account  848.37
balance, add the deposit to the 3677.01
old balance.  676.19
3000.82
Solution 1536.97  439. 21  1976.18
The current bank balance
The tire store’s current bank
is $3000.82.
balance is $1976.18.
8. Strategy To find the current bank account
5. Strategy To find the current bank account
balance, add the amount of the
balance, subtract the amount of
deposit to the old balance. Then
each purchase from the original
subtract the amount of each
balance.
purchase.
Solution 1204.63
Solution 427.38
 119.27
 127.29
1085.36
554.67
 260.09  43.52
825.27 511.15
The nutritionist’s current balance  249.78
is $825.27. 261.37
The current bank balance

6. Strategy To find Sam’s current bank
is $261.37.
account balance, subtract the
amount of the cheque and add 9. Strategy To determine whether there is
the deposit to the original enough money in the account,
balance. compare $675 with the current
Solution 3046.93 balance after finding the current
 1027.33 bank balance.
2019.60 404.96
Solution
 150.00 + 350.00
2169.60 754.96
Sam’s current bank account  71.29
balance is $2169.60. 683.67

$683.67 > $675

Yes, there is enough money in 13. The ending balance might be less than the
the carpenter’s account to starting balance because the cheque written
purchase the refrigerator. might be for an amount that is greater than
the sum of the two deposits.
10. Strategy To determine whether there is
enough money in the account, 14. The ending balance must be less than the
compare the amount of the starting balance because no deposits were
cheque with the current balance made that day.
after making the deposit.
Solution 149.85  245  394.85 Objective B Exercises
$387.68  $397.85 15. Solution Monthly income after taxes:
Yes, there is enough money in $2600
the taxi driver’s account to pay Average monthly bills:
the cheque. 1250

57
11. Strategy To determine whether there is 33
enough money in the account to 399
make the two purchases, add the 215
amounts of the two purchases 40
and compare the total with the 320
78
current balance.
 50
Solution 3500 + 2050 = 5550
2442
$5550 < $5625.42
Monthly income – average
Yes, there is enough money in
monthly bills:
the account to make the two
2600  2442  158
purchases.
He could deposit $158 into his
12. Strategy To determine whether there is
saving account each month.
enough money in the account to
16. Solution Monthly income: 2100
make the two purchases, add the
1700
amounts of the two purchases
3800
and compare the total with the
Monthly expenses: 875
current bank balance. 35
Solution 525  650  1175 28
$1175  $1143.42 179
310
No, there is not enough money 45
in the lathe operator’s account to 270
 50
make the two purchases.
1792

Monthly income – monthly Solution 1025.58 + 1805.82 +

expense: 37.92 + 288.27 = 3157.59
1700  1792  92 3157.59 ÷ 11 320  0.279
No, the budget is not balanced. The cost is $0.28 or 27¢ per
kilometre.
17a. 0.1 3500  350
He should be investing $350. 3. Strategy To find the percent increase:
b. 0.35  3500  1225
He should be spending $1225 on the house.
original price ($42.375) from
the increased price ($55.25).
Critical Thinking
18. When applied to a chequing account, a credit
is a deposit into the account. A debit is a
is $42.375 and the amount is
payment or withdrawal from the account.
the amount of the increase.
Projects or Group Activities Solution 55.25  42.375 = 12.875

n × 42.375 = 12.875
19. The first set of numbers is the routing
12.875
number for the bank where the chequing n=
42.375
account is located (where it was opened).  0.304
The second set of numbers is the chequing = 30.4%
account number. The third set of numbers is The percent increase is 30.4%.
the number of the cheque.
4. Strategy To find the markup, solve the
Chapter 6 Review Exercises amount. The base is $180 and
1. Strategy To find the unit cost, divide the the percent is 40%.
total cost ($5.99) by the number Solution 0.40 × 180 = n

72 = n
of units (250).
Solution 5.99 ÷ 250 = 0.023 The markup is $72.
The unit cost is $0.02 per gram 5. Strategy To find the simple interest,
or 2¢ per gram. multiply the principal by the
2. Strategy To find the cost per kilometre: annual interest rate by the time
• Find the total cost by adding (in years).
the amounts spent ($1025.58, 9

Solution 100 000 × 0.04 × = 3000
12
$1805.82, $37.92, and
The simple interest due is $3000.
$288.27).
• Divide the total cost by the
number of kilometres (11 320).

6. Strategy To find the value of the 0.04

Solution  0.00333333
investment in 10 years, multiply 12
0.00333333  350 000
the original investment by the
 1166.67
compound interest factor.
Solution 25 000 × 1.82203 = 45 550.75
month is $1166.67.
The value of the investment after
2120.93 – 1166.67 = 954.26
10 years is $45 550.75.
The amount paid toward the
7. Strategy To find the percent increase: principal is $954.26.
9. Strategy To find the monthly payment:
original amount ($4.12) from
the increased amount ($4.73).
percent is 8% and the base
is $24 450.
is $4.12 and the amount is the
• Find the amount financed by
increased amount.
subtracting the down payment
Solution 4.73  4.12 = 0.61
from the purchase price
n × 4.12 = 0.61
n = 0.61 ÷ 4.12 ($24 450).
n  0.15 • Multiply the amount financed
n = 15% by the monthly payment
The percent increase is 15%. factor.
Solution 0.08 × 24 450 = 1956
8. Strategy To find the amount of the first
24 450  1956 = 22 494
month’s payment that is interest
22 494 × 0.0230293  518.02
and the amount that goes to
The monthly payment is $518.02.
paying off the principal:
• Find the monthly simple 10. Strategy To find the value of the
interest rate. investment in one year, multiply
• Use the basic percent equation the original investment by the
to find the interest owed for compound interest factor.
the first month. Solution 50 000 × 1.07186 = 53 593
• Subtract the interest owed for The value of the investment will
the first month from the be $53 593.
monthly payment to find the 11. Strategy To find the down payment, solve
amount of the payment that the basic percent equation for
goes to paying off the amount. The base is $195 000
principal. and the percent is 15%.

Solution 0.15 × 195 000 = 29 250 16. Strategy To find the sale price:
The down payment is $29 250. • Find the amount of the
12. Strategy To find the total cost of the sales discount by solving the basic
tax and licence fee:
• Find the sales tax by solving The base is $235 and the
percent is 40%.
amount. The base is $28 500 • Subtract the discount from the
original price.
• Add the sales tax and the Solution 0.40 × 235 = n
94 = n
licence fee ($23).
235  94 = 141
Solution 0.13  28 500 = 3705 The discount price is $141.
3705 + 23 = 3728
17. Strategy To find the current bank balance,
The total cost of the sales tax
subtract the amount of each
and licence fee is $3728.
purchase and add the amount of
the deposit.
Solution 1568.45
the basic percent equation for 123.76
amount. The percent is 35% 1444.69
and the base is $1540. 756.45
• Find the selling price by 688.24
88.77
adding the markup to the cost.
599.47
Solution 0.35 1540  539
+344.21
539  1540  2079
943.68
The selling price is $2079.
The current bank account
14. Strategy To find how much of the balance is $943.68.
payment is interest, subtract the
principal ($65.45) from the total
payment ($222.78).
multiplying the principal by
Solution 222.78 – 65.45 = 157.33
The interest paid is $157.33.
time (in years).
15. Strategy To find the commission, solve • Find the maturity value by
the basic percent equation for adding the principal and the
amount. The base is $108 000 simple interest.
and the percent is 3%. 6
Solution 30 000 × 0.08 × = 1200
Solution 0.03 × 108 000 = n 12
3240 = n 30 000 + 1200 = 31 200
The commission was $3240. The maturity value is $31 200.

19. Strategy To find the processing fee, solve • Find the number of overtime
the basic percent equation for hours worked by subtracting
amount. The base is $75 000 and the regular weekly schedule
1 (40) from the total hours
the percent is 1 %.
2 worked (48).
Solution 0.015 × 75 000 = 1125 • Find the wages earned for
The processing fee is $1125. overtime by multiplying the
20. Strategy To find the more economical overtime wage by the number
purchase, compare the unit costs. of overtime hours worked.
Solution 3.49 ÷ 480 = 0.0072 • Find the wages for the 40-hour
6.99 ÷ 990 = 0.0070 week by multiplying the
The more economical purchase hourly rate ($12.60) by 40.
is 990 millilitres for $6.99. • Add the pay from the overtime
hours to the pay from the
21. Strategy To find the monthly mortgage
regular week.
payment:
Solution 1.5 × 12.60 = 18.90
48  40 = 8; 8 × 18.90
= 151.20
equation for amount. The base 40 × 12.60 = 504
is $356 000 and the percent 504 + 151.20 = 655.20
is 10%. The total income was $655.20.
23. Strategy To find the donut shop’s current
subtracting the down payment
chequebook balance, subtract the
amount of each bill and add the
• Find the monthly mortgage
amount of each payment.
payment by multiplying the
Solution 9567.44
amount financed by the
 1023.55
monthly mortgage factor. 8543.89
Solution 0.10 × 356000 = 35600
 345.44
356000  35600 = 320400
8198.45
320400 × 0.006653 = 2131.62
 23.67
The monthly mortgage payment 8174.78
is $2131.62. + 555.89
8730.67
22. Strategy To find the total income:
+ 135.91
• Find the overtime wage by
8866.58
multiplying the regular wage
The donut shop’s balance is
by 1.5 (time and half).
$8866.58.

24. Strategy To find the monthly payment, 4. Strategy To find the percent increase:
divide the sum of the loan • Find the amount of the
amount ($55 000) and the increase by subtracting the
interest ($1375) by the number original price ($415) from the
of payments (4). increased price ($498).
55000 + 1375 • Solve the basic percent
Solution = 14093.75
4 equation for percent. The base
The monthly payment is is $415 and the amount is the
$14 093.75. amount of the increase.
25. Strategy To find the finance charge, Solution 498  415 = 83

n × 415 = 83
n = 83 ÷ 415
n = 0.20 = 20%
number of months.
The percent increase in the cost
Solution 576 × 0.0125 × 1 = 7.2
of the exercise bicycle is 20%.
The finance charge is $7.20.
• Find the amount of the markup
Chapter 6 Test
by solving the basic percent
1. Strategy To find the cost per foot, divide equation for amount. The
the total cost ($138.40) by the percent is 40% and the base
number of feet (20). is $315.
Solution 138.40 ÷ 20 = 6.92 • Add the markup to the cost
The cost per foot is $6.92. ($315).
2. Strategy To find the more economical Solution 0.40 × 315 = 126
purchase, compare the unit 315 + 126 = 441
prices of the items. The selling price of a Blu-ray
Solution 7.49 ÷3 or 12.59 ÷ 5 disc player is $441.
7.49 ÷ 3  2.50
12.59 ÷ 5  2.52
The more economical purchase
is 3 kilograms for $7.49.
original value ($1498) from
3. Strategy To find the total cost, multiply the increased value ($1684).
the cost per kilogram ($9.75) by • Solve the basic percent
the number of kilograms (3.5). equation for percent. The base
Solution 9.75  3.5  2.785 is ($1498) and the amount is
The total cost is $2.79. the amount of the increase.

Solution 1684  1498 = 186 sale price ($5.70) from the

n × 1498 = 186 regular price ($9.50).
n = 186 ÷ 1498 • Solve the basic percent
n  0.124 = 12.4%
The percent decrease is 12.4%.
is $9.50 and the amount is the
7. Strategy To find the percent decrease: amount of the discount.
• Find the amount of the Solution 9.50  5.70 = 3.80
decrease by subtracting the n × 9.50 = 3.80
decreased value ($896) from n = 3.80 ÷ 9.50
n = 0.40
the original value ($1120).
n = 40%
is $1120 and the amount is the 10. Strategy To find the simple interest due,
amount of the decrease. multiply the principal by the
Solution 1120  896 = 224 annual interest rate by the time
n × 1120 = 224 in years.
n = 224 ÷ 1120 4
Solution 75 000 × 0.08 × = 2000
n = 0.20 12
n = 20% The simple interest due is $2000.
The percent decrease is 20%.
8. Strategy To find the sale price: • Find the simple interest due by
• Find the amount of the multiplying the principal by
discount by solving the basic the annual interest rate by the
percent equation for amount. time (in years).
The base is $299 and the • Find the maturity value by
percent is 30%. adding the principal and the
• Subtract the amount of the simple interest.
discount from the regular
9
Solution 25000 × 0.092 × = 1725
price ($299). 12
Solution 0.30 × 299 = n 25000 + 1725 = 26725
897 = n The maturity value is $26 725.
299  89.70 = 209.30
The sale price of the corner
hutch is $209.30.
9. Strategy To find the discount rate: number of months.
• Find the amount of the Solution 374.95 × 0.012 × 1 = 4.50
discount by subtracting the The finance charge is $4.50.

13. Strategy To find the interest earned: • Subtract the down payment
• Find the value of the from the purchase price.
investment in 10 years by Solution 0.20  23750  4750
multiplying the original 23750  4750  19000
investment by the compound The amount financed is $19 000.
interest factor. 17. Strategy To find the monthly car
• Find the interest earned by payment:
subtracting the original • Find the amount of the down
investment from the new value payment by solving the basic
of the investment. percent equation for amount.
Solution 30000 × 1.81402 = 54420.6 The base is $33 714 and the
54420.60  30000 = 24420.60
percent is 15%.
The amount of interest earned in
10 years will be $24 420.60. subtracting the down payment
14. Strategy To find the CMHC fee, solve the from the purchase price
basic percent equation for ($33 714).
amount. The base is $160 000 • Multiply the amount financed
and the percent is 3.15%. by the monthly mortgage factor.
Solution 0.035 × 160 000 = 5040 Solution 0.15  33714  5057.10
The CMHC fee is $5040. 33714  5057.10  28656.90
28656.90  0.0239462
 686.224
payment, multiply the mortgage
The monthly car payment
amount by the monthly
is $686.22.
mortgage factor.
18. Strategy To find Shaney’s total weekly
Solution 222 000 × 0.0077182 ≈ 1713.44
earnings:
• Find the hourly overtime wage
is $1713.44.
for multiplying the hourly
16. Strategy To find the amount financed:
wage ($30.40) by 1.5 (time
• Find the amount of the down
and a half).
payment by solving the basic
• Find the earnings for overtime
by multiplying the number of
The base is $23 750 and the
overtime hours (15) by the
percent is 20%.
hourly overtime wage.

• Find the earnings for the Cumulative Review Exercises

normal hours worked by
multiplying the number of 1. 12  10  8 ²  2+3
12  2²  2 + 3
hours worked (30) by the 12  4  2 + 3
hourly rate ($30.40). 12  2 + 3
10 + 3 = 13
• Add the earnings from the
night hours to the salary from 1 8
2. 3 3
the normal hours. 3 24
1 3
Solution 30.40  1.5  45.60 4 4
8 24
15  45.60  684 1 2
+1  1
30  30.40  912 12 24
684  912  1596 13
8
24
Shaney earns $1596.
3 9 57
19. Strategy Find the current balance by 3. 12 = 12 = 11
16 48 48
subtracting the each debit charge 5 20 20
9 = 9 = 9
and adding the deposit to the 12 48 48
original balance. 37
2
7349.44 48
Solution
1349.67
5 9 45 24
5999.77 4. 5  1  
8 15 8 15
 344.12 45  24
5655.65 
8  15
 956.60 1 1 1 1 1
6612.25 3 · 3 · 5 · 2 · 2 · 2 · 3
  9
2 · 2 · 2 · 3 · 5
The current balance is $6612.25. 1 1 1 1 1
20. Solution Monthly income: $1800 1 1

1  2 · 2
3 7 7 7 4 7·
Monthly expenses: 850 5. 3  1      2
2 4 2 4 2 7 2 · 7
1 1
125
260 2
 3  3 1 1
65 6.       
4 8 4 2
82
 28  3 3  3 2 1
       
1410  4 4  8 8 2
Monthly income – monthly 9 1 1
  
expense: 16 8 2
1800 – 1410 = 390 9 8 1
  
16 1 2
Yes, the monthly budget is
9 1 10
balanced.    5
2 2 2

7. 14. n  20  8.4
n  8.4  20  0.42  42%
15. 0.12  n  30
n  30  0.12  250
16. 0.42  n  65
n  65  0.42  154.76
17. Strategy To find the total hours worked

last week, add the three amounts
 3 1 2 
17  3 , 8 , and 6 hours  .
8.  17  12 4 2 3
12
3 9
Solution 3 3
1.4166 4 12
12 17.0000 1 6
8  8
12 2 12
50 2 8
6  6
48 3 12
20
23 11
12 17  18
80 12 12
72 The total hours worked is
80
11
72 18 hours.
8 12
17 18. Strategy Find the amount paid in taxes by

 1.416
12 multiplying the total monthly
$410 income ($4850) by the portion

9. = $51.25/hour
8 hours  1
paid in taxes   .
 5
5 16
10.  1
n 35 Solution 4850 × = 970
5  35  n  16 5
175  n  16 The amount paid in taxes
175  16  n is $970.
10.9375  n
19. Strategy To find the ratio:
10.94  n
5 500 decrease by subtracting the
11.  100%  %  62.5%
8 8
decreased price ($30) from the
12. 6.5% of 420 = 0.065 × 420 = 27.3 original price ($75).
13. 18.2 × 0.01 = 0.182 • Write in simplest form the

ratio of the decrease to the
original price.

Solution 75  30 = 45 Solution 0.20  900  180

45 3 900  180  720
=
75 5 The sale price is $720.
3
The ratio is . 24. Strategy To find the selling price:
5
• Find the amount of markup by
20. Strategy To find the number of kilometres solving the basic percent
driven per litre of gasoline, equation for amount. The base
divide the number of kilometres is $85 and the percent is 40%.
driven (417.5) by the number of • Add the markup to the cost.
litres used (52). Solution 0.40  85  34
Solution 417.5 ÷ 52 = 8.02 85  34  119
The mileage was 8.0 kilometres The selling price of the grinding
per litre. rail is $119.
21. Strategy To find the unit cost, divide the 25. Strategy To find the percent increase:
total cost ($17.65) by the • Find the amount of the
number of kilograms (8). increase by subtracting the
Solution 17.65 ÷ 8 ≈ 2.206 original value from the value
The cost is $2.21 per kilogram. after the increase.
22. Strategy To find the dividend on • Solve the basic percent
200 shares, write and solve a equation for the percent. The
proportion. base is $2800 and the amount
80 200 is the amount of the increase.

Solution =
112 n Solution 3024  2800 = 224
80 × n = 112 × 200 n × 2800 = 224
80 × n = 22 400 n = 224 ÷ 2800
n = 22 400 ÷ 80 n = 0.08
n = 280 n = 8%
The dividend is $280. The percent increase in Sook
23. Strategy To find the sale price: Kim’s salary is 8%.
• Solve the basic percent 26. Strategy To find the simple interest due,
equation for amount to find multiply the principal by
the amount of the discount. the annual rate by the time
The base is $900 and the (in years).
percent is 20%. 6
Solution 120 000  0.045   2700
• Subtract the discount from the 12
regular price. The simple interest due is $2700.

27. Strategy To find the monthly payment: 29. Strategy To find the cost per kilometre:
• Find the amount financed by • Find the total cost by adding
subtracting the down payment the expenses ($1840, $520,
from the purchase price. $185, and $432).
• Multiply the amount financed • Divide the total cost by the
by the monthly mortgage number of kilometres driven
factor. (10 000).
Solution 26 900  2 000  24 900 Solution 1840
24 900  0.0317997  791.812 820
185
The monthly car payment is
432
$791.81.
3277
28. Strategy To find the new bank account 3277  10 000  0.3277
balance, add the deposit to the The cost per kilometre is about
original balance and subtract the $0.33.
debit amounts.
Solution 1846.78
payment, multiply the mortgage
568.30
2415.08 amount by the monthly
123.98 mortgage factor.
2291.10 Solution 172 000 × 0.0071643 ≈ 1232.26
47.33 The monthly mortgage payment
2243.77 is $1232.26.
The family’s new bank account
balance is $2243.77.

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CHAPTER II
THROUGH THE MILL
Most people are ashamed of their skeletons, hiding them up in their

respective cupboards as though the very ownership were a
degradation—alluding to them, perhaps, occasionally in the domestic
circle, but ignoring them utterly before the world—a world that knows
all about them the while,—that has weighed their skulls, counted
their ribs, and can tell the very recesses in which they are kept. Now,
in my opinion, to take your skeleton out and air him on occasion, is
very good for both of you. It brings him to his proper dimensions,
which are apt to become gigantic if he is hidden too scrupulously in
the dark, and it affords opportunities for comparison with other
specimens of the same nature entertained by rival proprietors in the
line. If I kept mine, as some do, in close confinement, I should be in
a continual fidget about his safety; above all, I should dread his
breaking out at untoward seasons, when he was least expected, and
least desired. But “Bones and I” have no cause to be ashamed of
each other. There is no disgrace nor discomfort attached to either of
us in our cheerful companionship. He is good enough to express
satisfaction with his present lodging, and even affirms that he finds it
airy and commodious, as compared with his last; while it is a real
pleasure to me, living as I do so much alone, to have a quiet,
intelligent companion, with whom I can discuss the different phases
of existence, speculative and real,—the sower who never reaps—the
fools who are full of bread, roses for one, thorns for another; here
over-ripe fruit, there grapes sour, though by no means out of reach;
successful bows drawn at a venture, well-aimed shafts that never
attain the mark, impossible hopes, unavailing regrets—the baseless
mirage of the Future, and the barren reality of the Past.
It was colder last night. The wind was getting up in those fitful
howls which denote the commencement of a two-days’ gale; veering
besides from east by north to east northeast. So we made fast the
shutters, stirred the fire, and drew our chairs in for a comfortable
chat. Something in the sound of that waking blusterer out of doors
recalled to me, I know not why, the image of a good ship, many long
years ago, beating on the wide Atlantic against a head-wind, that
seemed to baffle her the more for every plunge she made. No steam
had she to help her struggle against the elements; tough hemp,
patched canvas, and spars as yet unsprung, were all her reliance;
and these strained, flapped, and creaked to some purpose while she
battled foot by foot to lie her course. Again I seemed to watch the
dark wave race by our quarter, with its leaping crest of foam, the
trickling deck, the battened hold, the diving bowsprit, the dripping
spars, the soaking canvas, with its row of reef-points like the notes
on a music-score. And the grey, sullen curtain of mist and rain,
walking on the waters, nearer, nearer, till it dashed its needle-pointed
drops into my face. Again I looked admiringly on the men at the
wheel, with their pea-jackets, glazed hats, sea-going mits, keen,
wary glances, and minute wrinkles about the eyes. Again I heard the
pleasant voice of the bravest, cheeriest skipper that ever stood five
feet two, and weighed fifteen stone, while he accosted me with his
“Dirty weather, sir, and looks sulky to windward still. Makes her drive
piles, as we say, and speak Spanish about the bows; but she
behaves beautifully! Bless you, she likes it! Yes, I expect we shall
have it hotter and heavier too, after sundown. A head-wind, no
doubt. I’ve just been jotting off the reckoning; you’ll find the chart
below, in my cabin. We’ve made a longer leg than common on the
starboard tack. I’ve left a pencil-mark at the exact spot where we
went about. Steady, men” (this to the glazed hats). “Luff, and be d
——d to you! Can’t ye see it coming?”
So I went below and conned the captain’s chart thoughtfully
enough, comparing our great expenditure of energy with the small
results attained, and wondering how we were ever to make our port
at last.
The scene thus conjured up awoke its corresponding fancies.
“Have you never reflected,” said I, “on the utter fallacy of that
French proverb which affirms, ‘Ce n’est que le premier pas qui
coûte’? Unless indeed it refers to immorality, the downward career of
which beats the rolling stone of Sisyphus in a canter. But on all other
journeys through life, it seems to me that not only the first steps, but
the first leagues, are intensely laborious and unsatisfactory.
Disappointment lies in wait at every milestone, and the traveller feels
tired already ere he has reached the crest of the first hill. All crowns,
I grant you, like those of the Isthmian Games, are mere parsley at
best; but in these days no competitor ever wins that worthless head-
dress till he is so bald that common decency demands a covering.
Where are the heaven-born statesmen now, to rule the destinies of
continents at twenty-six? the generals and admirals, who became
world-wide heroes within ten years of corporal punishment at
school? the poets full-fledged in immortality before their whiskers
were grown? Where, in short, will you point me out a single instance
of any individual attaining fame until his zest for it has passed away
—winning his pedestal till his poor legs are too tired to stand straight
thereon—making his fortune till he is too old to enjoy it; or, indeed,
getting anything he wants when he wants it? Lazarus has no dinner
—Dives has no appetite—Struggler, who thinks he has both, is sure
to be kept waiting that extra half-hour, which sickens him, and finds
he can’t eat his soup when it comes!
“What up-hill work it is, that beginning of the pilgrimage. And how
confidently we start in the glorious ignorance of youth, heads erect,
backs straightened, footsteps springing like a deer, with an utter
disregard of warning, a sovereign contempt for advice. Like myself, I
doubt not you have scaled many a hill, even when you carried more
flesh than you do now. Don’t you remember, in the clear, pure
mountain air, how near the top looked from the valley down below?
Don’t you remember how, about noonday, still full of strength and
spirit, though having done a stalwart spell of work, you spied the
ridge that you were convinced must be your goal, and strained on,
panting, heated, labouring, yet exultant, because success was so
nearly within your grasp? A few more strides—hurrah! your chin is
level with the ridge, and lo! there is another precisely similar to be
surmounted at about the same angle and the same distance. Not yet
discouraged, only a little startled and annoyed; till another and
another have been gained, and so surprise becomes
disappointment, vexation, misgiving, discomfiture, and lastly, but to
the strongest natures, despair! Even with these, when the real
summit has been at length attained, all their long-looked-for
enjoyment resolves itself into the negative satisfaction of rest; and
for one who thus arrives exhausted at his destination, think how
many a footsore, quivering, way-wearied wanderer must lie out all
night shelterless, on the barren, wind-swept hill.
“It seems that the process, termed at Newmarket ‘putting a race-
horse through the mill,’ is practised with the human subject till he has
learned the disheartening lesson that labour pushed to exhaustion
borders on pain—that heartbreaking efforts, while they lower the
tone of our whole system, are apt to destroy the very efficiency they
are intended to enhance. I have heard good judges affirm that even
at Newmarket they are apt to overtrain their horses. Do you not think
that we, too, should run the race of life on better terms were we not
put so pitilessly ‘through the mill’?”
Here my companion allowed himself a mild gesture of dissent,
clasping his bony fingers over his knotted knees, as if prepared to go
into the subject at length. “You are one of those people,” said he,
“who seem to think the world is intended for a place of uninterrupted
rest and enjoyment—a sort of ‘Fiddler’s Green,’ as sailors term their
paradise, where it is to be ‘beer and skittles’ every day and all day
long. You would have no ‘small end to the horn,’ as my friends over
the water say; and what sort of music do you think you could blow
out of it? You would have food without hunger, rest without labour,
energy without effort. You would be always going down-hill, instead
of up. And think where your journey would end at last! You object to
the mill, you say, and yet it is that same process of grinding which
converts the grain into flour fit for bread. Look at the untried man, the
youth embarking on his career, vain, ignorant, sanguine, over-
confident, prejudiced. How is he to learn his own powers, his
capabilities of endurance, his energy under difficulties, above all, his
readiness of resource, save by repeated disappointment and
reverse? You have alluded to statesmen, commanders, and poets,
who, in seven-leagued boots, as it were, reached the top of the hill at
one stride. But Pitt’s was an abnormal temperament—a grey head
upon green shoulders—an old man’s heart beating its regular
pulsations within the slender compass of a young man’s waistcoat.
Nelson’s chivalrous and romantic disposition preserved him from the
overweening vanity and self-esteem that might have been looked for
as the result of such brilliant achievements at so early an age. His
mad, absorbing passion, too, may have scored many a furrow in the
hero’s heart, while his young brow remained smooth and fair as
marble. ‘On vieillit bientôt sur le champ de bataille!’ and the first
Napoleon’s aphorism holds good no surer on the field of honour than
in the lists of love. Shelley’s fate was scarcely an enviable one; and
did you like Byron any better after you had read his letters and
learned the demoralising effects, even on such genius as his, of
temples crowned by an immortal Fame, ere yet the beard had
sprouted on his chin?
“Alexander of Macedon, indeed, conquered the world before he
was thirty, and—drank himself to death ere he had reached his
prime!
“The fact that he does not care one straw about it, is the very
antidote to preserve a man from the subtle poison of success. He
who has been long climbing the ladder finds that when he looks over
the parapet all sense of elevation and consequent giddiness is gone.
Whatever others may think, to his own perceptions he is on a level
with the rest of his kind—can judge of them, and for them, from the
same point of view; and, more important still, experiences no
misgivings that he may topple down and break his neck. Ambition is
a glorious lure, no doubt, tempting the climber to noble efforts, skilful,
vigorous, and well-sustained. But when he has reached the fancied
resting-place so ardently desired, what does he find? A keener air, a
scantier foothold, a sentry-box instead of a feather-bed, a stern
necessity for further exertion, where he expected indulgence and
enjoyment and repose.
“Duty is a cold-eyed monitress, reserved, inflexible, severe;
Ambition, a high-born lady, haughty, capricious, unfeeling, like those
dainty dames of old patrician Rome,
‘Who in Corinthian mirrors their own proud smiles behold;

Who breathe of Capuan odours, and shine in Spanish gold;’
Pleasure, a laughing, lavish courtesan, gay, gaudy, thoughtless,
slave to the impression of the hour. This last you may buy at your will
for a handful of silver, or, at most, a talent of gold; and there are few,
alas! who have not learned how soon her false smile palls upon the
fancy, her painted cheek grows irksome to the eye. The second you
must woo, with many a stealthy footstep, many a cringing bow,
offering at her shrine truth, honour, self-respect, to find, if you are so
fortunate as not to be discarded like a pair of worn-out gloves, that
you have only gathered a nut without a kernel, after all. For the first,
you must serve as Jacob served, through long years of labour,
patience, and self-denial; but when you have won your Rachel at
last, she discloses for you all her glorious, unfading beauty, cleaving
to you, true and constant, through good and evil, the warmth and
comfort of your hearth, the light of your happy home.
“When the courtesan has been paid off and dismissed in early
youth, the haughty lady wooed through long years of manhood, and
won, to be despised, in middle life, this is the goddess you claim to
be your bride, and once wedded, you will never leave her till you die.
“The Isthmian crown was indeed woven from humble parsley, but
do you think it could have borne a higher value had every leaf
consisted of beaten gold? Which would you rather wear, the bronze
Victoria Cross, or the Star and Ribbon of the Garter? Depend upon
it, that to the young champion of the games, flushed, exulting,
treading upon air, that vegetable coronal represented everything
most desirable and precious in earth or heaven. No; it is the old
experienced athlete, the winner of a thousand prizes, who has
learned the intrinsic value of the article, and who knows that its worth
consists not in itself, nor even in the victory it represents, but in the
strength of frame, the speed of foot attained by training for its
pursuit. From many a long summer’s day of toil and abstinence, from
panting lungs and aching muscles, from brows covered with sweat,
and feet with dust, he has wrested the endurance of the camel, the
strength of the ox, and the footfall of the deer. Does he grudge his
past labour? Not he, thankful that he has been ‘through the mill.’
“I grant you the process is not entirely pleasant; I grant you that
effort is with many men a sensation of discomfort almost amounting
to pain; that self-denial is very difficult to most, disappointment
simply disgusting to all. When the body feels weary, the brain
overtasked, we are apt to think the meal is being bolted too fine, the
grinding becoming unnecessarily severe; above all, when that
pitiless millstone comes crushing down upon the heart, and pounds it
to powder, we cry aloud in our agony, and protest that no sorrow was
ever so unbearable as ours. What mole working underground is so
blind as humanity to its own good? Why, that same grinding to
powder is the only means by which the daintiest flour can be
obtained. The finest nature, like the truest steel, must be tempered in
the hottest furnace; so much caloric would be thrown away on an
inferior metal. Capacity for suffering infers also capacity for
achievement; and who would grudge the pain about his brows, when
it reminded him he was wearing an imperial crown?
“Sooner or later the process must be undergone by all. With some
it goes on through a lifetime; others get the worst of it over in a few
years. One man may have done with it altogether before his strength
of mind or body has failed with declining age—
‘Dum nova canities—dum prima et recta senectus.’
“His neighbour may have one foot in the grave before the grain
has been thoroughly purged and sifted, and refined to its purest
quality, but through the mill he must pass. It is just as much a
necessity of humanity as hunger or thirst, or sorrow or decay. There
is no escape. However long protracted, it is inexorable, unavoidable,
and effectual, for
‘Though the mills of God grind slowly,

Yet they grind exceeding small.’”
CHAPTER III
GOURDS
So Jonah was exceeding glad of the Gourd. I can understand his

feelings perfectly. Does it not happen to most of us, at least once in a
lifetime, thus to be “exceeding glad of the Gourd,” and in ninety-nine
cases out of a hundred with the same result? “Nil violentum est
perpetuum.” So surely as it comes up in a night, so surely must it
wither in a day. You have been in a hot climate? I don’t intend any
disagreeable allusion, I mean the tropics, I give you my honour! Do
you not remember the delight of getting out of your tent, or “booth”
as we still call them at our village merry-makings, to sit under
anything like a tree or shrub, where, shaded from the sun, you could
catch the welcome breath of every breeze that blew? The French
officers in the Crimea used to build for themselves trellised out-
houses of branches interlaced, swearing volubly the while, and
appearing to derive from these bowers no small comfort and
refreshment. I can imagine the astonishment of “mon lieutenant”
when, on waking in his tent, he should have discovered, like “Jack
and the Beanstalk,” that one of these had sprung up for him,
unsolicited, in a night. How he would have stared, and shrugged,
and gesticulated, and cursed his star with less asperity, and been
“exceeding glad of the Gourd!”
They are of many kinds, these excrescences that grow up with
such marvellous celerity to afford us an intense and illusive delight;
but they all resemble their prototype at Nineveh, in so far that, ere
the seed has yet germinated, the worm is already prepared which
shall smite the gourd, and cause it to wither away. There were
hundreds of them shot to gigantic dimensions and exploded with the
South Sea bubble of the last century. Thousands owed their birth
and disappearance to the railway fever of five-and-twenty years ago.
Not a few were called into existence by a blockade of the Southern
ports, during the late war of opinion in the United States, and
destroyed by its suspension at the peace. It seems to be a law in the
moral as in the physical world that the endurance of things must be
in proportion to the length of time required to bring them to maturity.
The oak is said to be three hundred years in arriving at its prime, and
that its vigour is still unimpaired after a thousand changes of foliage
we have ocular demonstration in many parts of England; while the
mustard-and-cress, which can be raised in twenty minutes on a
square of flannel dipped in hot water, wastes and withers away in an
hour.
The same in the animal creation. Like Minerva from the brain of
Jove, the butterfly springs into its sunny existence, winged, armed,
and clothed in gorgeous apparel, all at once; but when the night-
breeze shakes the perfume from your garden-flowers, and the
evening bank of clouds is coming up from the west, you look for that
ephemeral masterpiece in vain. Now the elephant only attains his
majority, so to speak, when between forty and fifty years of age;
therefore he has hardly become an “old rogue” at two hundred, and
the identical proboscis that saluted Clyde, or curled round the
crushed remains of Tippoo Sahib’s victims, is to-day lowered in
honour of our own jeunesse dorée, with whom a run through British
India is considered little more of an expedition than a jaunt into
Welsh Wales.
Cornaro, if I remember right, fixes the normal duration of life, in the
Mammalia, at a term of five times the number of years required to
reach their prime. Thus a dog, he says, comes to maturity at two,
and lives till ten; a horse at five, and lives till five-and-twenty; and,
arguing by analogy, a man, who only attains his full strength at
twenty-three or four, should not, therefore, if he led a natural and
rational life, succumb till he had arrived at a hundred and fifteen or
twenty years.
Forbid it, Atropos! for their sakes as well as ours. Think of the old
fogies, now sufficiently numerous, who would overflow the clubs!
Think, when it came to our own turn, of the numbers of Gourds we
should have raised, outlived, buried, but, alas! not forgotten.
“A fine old man, sir!” said one of the best judges of human nature
that ever fathered a proverb. “There’s no such thing. If his head or
his heart had been worth anything, they would have worn him out
years ago!”
“You have got off the subject as usual,” objected Bones, “and are
trenching on a topic of which you are far less qualified to speak than
myself. What do you know about the duration of life, the ceaseless
wear-and-tear, the gradual decay, the last flickers of the candle,
leaping up, time after time, with delusive strength, until it goes out
once for all? You can tell where Noah was, but do you know where
the candle went to when it left the great sea-captain in the dark? Not
you! Never mind, don’t fret, you will find out some day sure enough,
and be as wise as ‘Tullus, Ancus, good Eneas,’ and the rest of us! In
the meantime stick to your text. The morbid spirit possesses you,
and well I know it will only come out of the man with much talking. If
it does you any good, never mind me—fire away! Tell us something
more about the Gourd, and the worm that smote it. That is what you
are driving at, I feel sure.”
“‘Morbid!’” I repeated, somewhat indignantly. “And why morbid, I
should like to know? A man takes his stand, as you and I do, outside
of, and apart from, the circling, shifting mass of his fellow-creatures,
and makes his own observations, uninfluenced by their clamour,
their customs, their ridiculous prejudices and opinions, confiding
those observations unreservedly to one who should, ex officio
indeed, be entirely free from the earthly trammels that cumber liberal
discussion in general society, and he is to be called morbid, forsooth!
It was only one of your ghastly jests, was it? Enough! I am satisfied.
There can be no bone of contention—I mean no subject of dispute—
between you and me—we have not the ghost of a reason—I mean
the shadow of a cause—for disagreement. I confess my weakness: I
own to a fatal tendency to digression. One thought leads to another,
and they follow in a string, like wild geese, or heirs of entail, ‘velut
unda supervenit undam.’ By the way, this very subject, the
association of ideas, opens up a boundless field for speculation. But
I refrain—I return to my Gourd—I am back in Nineveh with the
prophet once more. Nineveh, in its imperial splendour, gorgeous in
Eastern colouring, sublime with Eastern magnificence, glittering with
Eastern decorations—solemn, gloomy, and gigantic; grand in the
massive dignity of size, winged bulls hewn from the solid rock guard
the long perspective of a thousand avenues, leading to palaces that
rise, tier upon tier, into the glowing sky. Lavish profusion—marble,
and bronze, and gold—gleams and dazzles and flashes in the
streets. The palm-tree bends her graceful head earthward; the aloe
aims her angry spikes at heaven; the camel, with meek appealing
eyes, seems to protest against the bales of costly merchandise with
which its back is piled; the white elephant in scarlet trappings, stolid
and sagacious, stands patient, waiting for its lord; throngs of dusky,
half-naked Asiatics pass to and fro along the baking causeways; loud
bleatings of sheep, lowings of oxen, cries of parched, thirsty animals
resound in the suburbs; while over all a Southern sun blazes down
with scorching fury, and an east wind off the Desert comes blustering
in, hot and stifling, like a blast from hell.
“So the prophet is ‘exceeding glad of his Gourd.’ He will rest in its
shade; he will look pitifully on the broiling passers-by; he will hug
himself in that sense of comfort which human nature, alas! is too apt
to experience from the very fact that others are in a worse condition
than its own; but even while he thus rejoices, the worm has done its
work—the Gourd is withered up, the sirocco suffocates his lungs, the
sun beats on his head, and, like the rest of us when we lose that
which we choose to consider the one thing essential to our
happiness, he shows the white feather on the spot, and says, ‘It is
better for me to die than to live.’
“Death never seems to come for those who wish it—though
perhaps if the Great Liberator felt bound to appear every time he
was invoked, the cry might not be raised quite so often. Who is there
that has not bowed his head in misery, and wondered whether he
could be so wretched anywhere else as here, in the mocking
sunlight, with his Gourd withered before his face? It is gone—gone.
See! There is the very spot on which it stood but yesterday, so
green, so fresh, so full of life, so rich in promise! And to-day—a
blank! It seems impossible! Ay, that is perhaps the worst of the
suffering—that numbed, stupefied state, which refuses for a time to
grasp the extent of its affliction—that perverse and cowardly instinct
which clings to a thread that it yet knows is wholly severed—which
turns even Hope to a curse, because it makes her a bar to
resignation. Few of us can boast more courage than Jonah when the
Gourd is fairly withered away.
“For one it has been riches, perhaps, comprising luxury, position,
variety—all the advantages that spring from an abundance of worldly
goods. Some fine morning, Fortune, ‘ludem insolentem ludere
pertinax,’ gives her wings a shake, spreads them, and flits away;
leaving in her place haggard Want, gaunt Ruin, bailiffs in the
drawing-room, furniture ticketed for sale up-stairs. The children’s
rocking-horse, the wife’s pianoforte, all the well-known trifles of daily
use and ornament, must be cast into the chasm, as the Romans
threw their effects into that awkward rent in the Forum. And the
master of the household is fortunate if he be not compelled, like
Curtius, to leap in after his goods. His friends are astonished, and
bless themselves. His relations had predicted the catastrophe long
ago. These, of course, turn their backs on him, incontinently, from
motives of self-respect, no doubt, but a few of the former, such as
had professed to love him least, lend a helping hand. Nevertheless,
the Gourd is withered, and the man, faint and sick unto death, only
wishes his hour was come and he might lie down to be at rest.
“Or it has been a child—God forbid it should have been an only
one! Some golden-headed darling that used to patter down-stairs
with you every morning to breakfast, and stand at your elbow every
night after dinner. Whose dancing eyes never met your own but with
the merry, saucy, confiding glances that seldom outlast a fifth
birthday, and to whom you could no more have said an unkind word
than you could cut off your right hand. Yesterday it was chasing
butterflies across the lawn, and you carried it yourself with laughing
triumph, rosy, happy, and hungry, in to tea. But the worm had begun
its work, even then. This morning you missed the glad little voice at
breakfast, and, looking at the jam on the table, a sad misgiving,
stifled as soon as born, shot through you like a knife. It was pitiful to
watch all day, in the nursery, by the little bed,—to see the golden
head lying so listless, the chubby hands so waxen and still, the
heavy lids drooping so wearily over the blue eyes that yet shone with
a light you never saw in them before. There rose a mist to dim your
own when the patient little voice asked gently, ‘Is that papa?’—and
noticing two or three neglected playthings on the counterpane, you
walked to the window and wept.
“So the afternoon wore on, and the doctor came, and there was
cruel hope and torturing suspense, and a wrench that so stupefied
you, it is difficult to remember anything clearly afterwards, though
you have a dim perception of a pair of scissors severing some
golden curls, while nurse went down on her knees to pray.
“And at sundown you walk out into your garden along the very
path that brought you both home yesterday, but you walk like a man
in a dream, for ringing in your ears is the wail that was heard of old in
Ramah, and you know your darling is with the angels, wondering
feebly why that knowledge cannot console you more.
“Or perhaps your Gourd was ‘only a woman’s love!’—not a growth,
certainly, however exuberant, on which a wise man should place so
much dependence as on lignum vitæ, for instance, or heart-of-oak.
But, so far as I can see, either wise men do not fall in love, or they
allow wisdom to slip out of their grasp in the very act of making that
fatal stumble. So, in defiance of all theory, warning, and practical
experience, you may have congratulated yourself with insane
vehemence on the upspringing of this delicate exotic, and looked
forward to the passing of many happy hours under its shade. You
shut your eyes wilfully, of course, to the obvious fact that you never
are happy, even when in full accomplishment of your wishes you
stretch your lazy length at the feet of your Gourd. There is sure to be
an insect that stings, or a sunbeam that dazzles, or a cold wind in
the nape of your neck. Nevertheless, the vegetable, so long as it
exists, is not only the delight of your heart, but the very sustenance
of your brain. That is the fatal part of the disease. Your Gourd
connects itself with everything you think, or do, or say, spreading her
roots, as it were, over every foot of land you possess, shutting out
earth’s horizon with her slender stem, and, worse than all, poking her
dainty head between you and heaven.
“Then, when she withers up—a disappointment which, to do her
justice, she is capable of inflicting in the loveliest weather and at the
shortest notice—you find to your dismay that, with her, all the fair
side of creation has withered too. There is no more freshness in the
meadows, no more promise in the smile of spring. The scent is gone
from the garden-flowers, the music from the song of birds. Summer’s
vivid glow has faded, and the russet of autumn is no longer edged
with gold. Hope’s rosy hues have ceased to tinge the morning, and
the glory has departed from noonday.
“Like Jonah, you ‘do well to be angry!’ and it is well for you if you
can be very angry indeed. That stimulant will do more to heal your
wound over than any other remedy I can think of, except the planting
of a fresh seedling to await another failure; but God help you if yours
is a nature less susceptible of wrath than of sorrow! If you are brave,
generous, forgiving, confiding, ‘Je vous en fais mon compliment!’
There is no more to be said. Where your Gourd grew, nothing green
will ever spring up again! What say you, Bones? I think you and I are
well out of the whole thing!”
He waved his fleshless hand gently, with the gesture of one who
puts from him some dim and distant recollection.
“There is a bitter flavour,” said he, “about that remark which I
should hardly have expected, and which is by no means to my taste.
You and I can surely afford to look at these things from a
comprehensive, philosophical, and indulgent point of view. No more
Gourds are likely to grow for either of us; and although your style of
figure is, perhaps, less entitled to defy the worm than mine, yet I
think you have but little to fear from the kind which caused such an
outbreak of temper in the disgusted prophet. The whole story of the
Gourd, I need not point out to you, is a lesson. It was intended as a
lesson for Jonah, it is intended as a lesson for ourselves. Forgive me
for observing that you seem to have entirely lost the point of it, and,
as usual in our discussions, you have sacrificed argument to
declamation. It is weak, of course, to be too much delighted with the
Gourd, it is cowardly to be too much afraid of the worm, but——”
“There is one kind of worm I am horribly afraid of,” I interrupted, for
I admit I was a little nettled and out of temper.
“And that?” he asked, with the courtesy which distinguishes his
manner under all circumstances.
“Is the borer-worm!” I replied, brutally enough; and I am afraid he
was a little hurt, for he rose at once and went into his cupboard,
while I walked off moodily to bed.
CHAPTER IV
A VAMPIRE
Leaning idly against the chimney-piece the other night,

contemplating my companion in his usual attitude, my elbow
happened to brush off the slab a Turkish coin of small value and
utterly illegible inscription. How strangely things come back to one! I
fancied myself once more on the yellow wave of the broad Danube;
once more threading those interminable green hills that fringe its
banks; once more wondering whether the forest of Belgrade had
been vouchsafed to Eastern Europe as a type of Infinity, while its
massive fortress, with frowning rampart and lethargic Turkish
sentries, was intended to represent the combination of courage and
sloth, of recklessness and imperturbability, of apparent strength and
real inefficiency, which distinguishes most arrangements of the
Ottoman Empire.
“Bakaloum” and “Bismillah!” “Take your chance!” and “Don’t care a
d—n,” seem to be the watchwords of this improvident Government. It
lets the ship steer herself; and she makes, I believe, as bad weather
of it as might be expected under such seamanship.
Engrossed far less, I admit, with political considerations than with
the picturesque appearance of a Servian population attending their
market, I rather startled my friend with the abruptness of the
following question:
“Do you believe there is such a thing as a Vampire?”
He rattled a little and almost rose to his feet, but re-seating
himself, only rejoined,
“Why do you ask?”
“I was thinking,” I replied, “of that romantic-looking peasantry I
used to see thronging the market-place of Belgrade. Of those tall,
handsome men, with the scowl never off their brows, their hands
never straying far from the bellyful of weapons they carried in their
shawls. Of those swarthy wild-eyed women, with their shrill, rapid
voices, their graceful, impatient gestures, carrying each of them the
available capital of herself and family strung in coins about her raven
hair, while on every tenth face at least, of both sexes, could not fail to
be observed the wan traces of that wasting disease which seems to
sap strength and vitality, gradually, and almost surely, as
consumption itself. Yes, I think for every score of peasants I could
have counted two of these ‘fever-faces,’ as the people themselves
call their ague-ridden companions, though I ascertained after a
while, when I came to know them better, that they attributed this
decimation of their numbers, and faded appearance of the victims,
rather to supernatural visitation than epidemic disease. They believe
that in certain cases, where life has been unusually irregular, or the
rites of religion reprehensibly neglected, the soul returns after death
to its original tenement, and the corpse becomes revivified under
certain ghastly conditions of a periodical return to the tomb and a
continual warfare against its kind. An intermittent existence is only to
be preserved at the expense of others, for the compact, while it
permits reanimation, withholds the blood, ‘which is the life thereof.’
The stream must therefore be drained from friends, neighbours,
early companions, nay, is most nourishing and efficacious when
abstracted from the veins of those heretofore best beloved. So the
Vampire, as this weird being is called, must steal from its grave in
the dead of night, to sit by some familiar bedside till the sleeper shall
be steeped in the unconsciousness of complete repose, and then
puncturing a minute orifice in the throat, will suck its fill till driven
back to its resting-place by the crimson streaks of day. Night after
night the visits must be repeated; and so, week by week, the victim
pines and droops and withers gradually away. There is no apparent
illness, no ostensible injury, but the frame dwindles, the muscles fall,
the limbs fail, the cheek fades, and the death-look, never to be
mistaken, comes into the great haggard, hollow, wistful eyes. I have
repeatedly asked the peasants whether they had ever met any of
these supernatural visitants, for they spoke of them so confidently,
one might have supposed the famished ghouls were flitting about the
villages nightly; but though presumptive evidence was forthcoming in
volumes, I was never fortunate enough to find an actual eye-witness.
The sister of one had been frightened by them repeatedly; the cousin
of another he had himself carried to her tomb, drained of her last life-
drops by a relative buried some weeks before; and the grandmother
of a third had not only met and talked with this inconvenient
connection, expostulating with it on its depraved appetites, and
generally arguing the point on moral as well as sanitary grounds, but
had induced it by her persuasions, and the power of a certain amulet
she wore, to abstain from persecuting a damsel in the neighbouring
village for the same ghastly purpose, or, at least, to put off its visits
till the horrid craving should be no longer endurable. Still I could
meet nobody who had actually seen one in person; and that is why I
asked you just now if you believed there was such a thing as a
Vampire?”
He nodded gravely. “They are rare,” said he; “but I believe in such
beings, because I have not only seen one, but had the advantage of
its personal notice, and a very pretty, pleasing acquaintance it was!
You would like to know something more? Well, it compromises
nobody. You will not quote me, of course. Indeed I don’t see how you
can, for I still mention no real names. I don’t mind telling you the
story of a life, such as I knew it; a life that by some fatality seemed to
drag down every other that came within the sphere of its attractions
to sorrow, humiliation, and disgrace. I have no brain to swim, no
pulses to leap, no heart to ache left, and yet the memory stirs me
painfully even now.
“In early manhood,” he continued, bending down, as though to
scan his own fleshless proportions, with an air of consciousness that
was almost grotesque, “I paid as much heed to my personal
appearance, and flourished it about in public places as persistently
as others of like age and pursuits. Whether I should do so if I had my
time to come again, is a different question, but we will let that pass.
Being then young, tolerably good-looking, sufficiently conceited, and
exceedingly well-dressed, I had betaken myself one evening to your
Italian Opera, the best, and I may add the dearest, in Europe. I was
fond of music and knew something about it, but I was fonder still of
pretty women, though concerning these I enjoyed my full share of
that ignorance which causes men so to exaggerate their qualities
both good and bad; an ignorance it is worth while to preserve with as
much care as in other matters we take to acquire knowledge, for
there is no denying, alas! that those who know them best always
seem to respect them least.
“I rose, therefore, from my stall at the first opportunity and turned
round to survey the house. Ere I had inspected a quarter of it, my
glasses were up, and I will tell you what they showed me—the most
perfect face I ever saw. Straight nose, thin and delicately cut, large
black eyes, regular eyebrows, faultless chin, terminating a complete
oval, the whole set in a frame of jet-black hair. Even my next
neighbour, who, from an observation he let fall to a friend, belonged
apparently to the Household Troops, could not refrain from
ejaculating, ‘By Jove, she’s a ripper!’ the moment he caught sight of
the object on which my gaze was fixed.
“I saw something else too. I saw that the lady by her side was a
foreigner with whom I had long been acquainted; so edging my way
into the passages, in two minutes I was tapping at their box-door like
a man who felt pretty sure of being let in.
“The foreigner introduced me to her friend, and as the second act
of the opera was already in progress, told me to sit down and hold
my tongue. We were four in the box. Another gentleman was placed
close behind the lady who first attracted my attention. I had only
eyes just then, however, for the wild, unearthly beauty of my new
acquaintance.
“I have seen hundreds of pretty women, and even in youth my
heart, from temperament, perhaps, rather than reflection, was as
hard as my ribs; but this face fascinated me—I can use no other
word. My sensations were so strangely compounded of admiration,
horror, interest, curiosity, attraction, and dislike. The eyes were deep
and dark, yet with the glitter in them of a hawk’s, the cheek deadly
pale, the lips bright red. She was different from anything I had ever
seen, and yet so wonderfully beautiful! I longed to hear her speak.
Presently she whispered a few words to the man behind her, and I
felt my flesh creep. Low as they were modulated, there was in every
syllable a tone of such utter hopelessness, such abiding sorrow,
regret, even remorse, always present, always kept down, that I could
have imagined her one of those lost spirits for whom is fixed the
punishment of all most cruel, most intolerable, that they can never
forget they are formed for better things. Her gestures, too, were in
accordance with the sad, suggestive music of her voice—quiet,
graceful, and somewhat listless in the repose, as it seemed, rather of
unhappiness than of indolence. I tell you I was not susceptible; I
don’t think boys generally are. In love, more than in any other
extravagance, ‘there is no fool like an old one.’
“I was as little given to romance as a ladies’ doctor; and yet, sitting
in that box watching the turn of her beautiful head as she looked
towards the stage, I said to myself, ‘I’ll take good care she never
gets the upper hand of me. If a man once allowed himself to like her
at all, she is just the sort of woman who would blight his whole life for
him, and hunt the poor devil down to his grave!’ Somebody else
seemed to have no such misgivings, or to have arrived at a stage of
infatuation when all personal considerations had gone by the board.
If ever I saw a calf led to the slaughter it was Count V——, a calf,
too, whose throat few women could have cut without compunction.
Handsome, manly, rich, affectionate, and sincere, worshipping his
deity with all the reckless devotion, all the unscrupulous generosity
of his brave Hungarian heart, I saw his very lip quiver under its
heavy moustache when she turned her glittering eyes on him with
some allusion called up by the business of the stage, and the proud,
manly face that had never quailed before an enemy grew white in
the intensity of its emotion. What made me think of a stag I once
found lying dead in a Styrian pass, and a golden eagle feasting on
him with her talons buried in his heart?
“The Gräfinn, to whom the box belonged, noticed my abstraction.
‘Don’t fall in love with her,’ she whispered; ‘I can’t spare you just yet.
Isn’t she beautiful?’
“‘You introduced me,’ was my answer, ‘but you never told me her
name.’

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Basic College Mathematics An Applied

Approach Canadian 1st Edition

Prep Test Objective A Exercises

7. 3.333  3.33 Solution 5.99 ÷ 255 ≈ 0.026

Section 6.1 8. Strategy To find the unit cost, divide the

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container of ice cream by 2. Solution L’Oréal shampoo:

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18. Strategy To find the more economical Objective C Exercises

2.6333 < 2.84 the unit cost ($12.99) by the

Wagner’s vanilla extract is the number of units (0.65).

more economical purchase. Solution 12.99 × 0.65 ≈ 19.984

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the price per bag for Tea A. A box of Tea A

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6. Strategy To find the percent increase: average airfare at Christmas

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• Add the increase to number of • Add the increase to the

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26. Strategy To find the percent decrease, decrease.

solve the basic percent equation Solution 57 233 – 41 035 = 16 198

for percent. The base is $800 and Percent  base  amount

by subtracting the number of $28 200 and the percent is 30%.

homicides the first year (610) Solution Percent  base  amount

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The car loses $8460 in value • Subtract the amount of the

of employees, solve the percent Solution Percent × base = amount

There is a decrease of 33. Strategy To find the percent decrease:

31. Strategy To find the average monthly decrease by subtracting

gasoline bill now: the earnings in 2008

• Find the amount of the ($31.6 million) from the

decrease by solving the basic earnings in 2010

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n × 24 = 8 41. Strategy To find the discount rate, solve

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Solution Percent  base = amount Critical Thinking

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Section 6.3 Solution 100 000 × 0.045 ×

b. $5850 (in years).

d. 2 years annual interest rate by the time

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is $6580.14. simple interest.

The maturity value is $5517.50.

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b. Strategy To find the monthly payment, 142000  58575

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6 Solution 12368.92  0.015  1

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Solution 0.0175  0.0125  0.005 Solution 2500  2.85744  7143.6

The value of the investment after new value of the investment.

1 year is $780.60. Solution 107419.50  75000 

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The amount of interest earned in The amount of interest earned

10 years will be $3040.86. is $505.94.

earned over a 20-year period: principal of $3500, invested at 6% annual

• Find the value of the interest, compounded semiannually.

investment after 20 years by

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interest factor and add the September 1:

1 Solution 197000  24550  172450

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Solution 173000  34600  138400 b. Strategy To find the mortgage, subtract