Brooks Cole Empowerment Series

Understanding Human Behavior and

the Social Environment 9th Edition
Zastrow Solutions Manual
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 Chapter 10
Biological Aspects of Young and Middle Adulthood

A. Recognize the contributions of physical development, health status, and other

factors to health during young adulthood.

Young adulthood, from ages 18 through 30, is the healthiest time of life. Some lifestyles
contribute to good health, whereas others, such as alcohol abuse and cigarette smoking,
have a negative effect on health. Early detection of breast cancer is important because
one in eight women will get it sometime in their lines.

B. Describe the physical changes in middle adulthood, including those affecting

physical appearance, sense organs, physical strength and reaction time, and
intellectual functioning.

For many people, middle adulthood is the prime of life. Most middle-aged adults are in
good health (both physically and psychologically), and they tend to earn more money
than at any other age. Middle adulthood covers a range of years; somewhat arbitrarily,
the authors consider middle adulthood to range from age 30 to age 65.
Some decline in physical capacities occurs in middle adulthood. There is also a
higher incidence of health problems than in younger years. Cognitive functioning may
actually increase during middle adulthood. Unfortunately, many people fail to be
sufficiently active both mentally and physically, so their actual performance falls short of
their potential performance.

C. Describe the midlife crises associated with female menopause and male climacteric.

Female menopause is the time when a woman stops menstruating and can no longer bear
children. For a few women, menopause is a serious crisis, but for many it is just another
of life’s developmental changes.
Many males reach an uncertain period in their lives, which is referred to as a
midlife crisis. The ease or panic with which a man faces his middle years will depend on
how he has accepted his weaknesses and strengths throughout life.

D. Summarize sexual functioning in middle age.

A man’s sex drive reaches its peak in his early 20s, while that of a woman tends to peak
in her 30s or early 40s. There appears to be a close relationship between overall marital
satisfaction and sexual satisfaction.

60
E. Describe AIDS—its causes and effects; how it is contracted; and how its spread can
be prevented; discuss AIDS discrimination.

AIDS is a contagious and incurable disease that destroys the body’s immune system.
AIDS is caused by the HIV virus.
The two primary ways in which AIDS is spread are by sexual intercourse with
someone who is HIV-positive and by using hypodermic needles that were also used by
someone who is HIV-positive. Presently, the best way to stop the spread of AIDS is
through educating people to avoid exposing themselves to known risks.
People who test positive for HIV or who have AIDS are often discriminated
against.

61
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