Honorable Chair, esteemed delegates

Greetings from the kingdom Of Saudi Arabia, representing international monitory fund
committees.
The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted economies worldwide, especially those in the
developing world. These countries have faced immense challenges, including a decline
in GDP, rising unemployment, and increased poverty levels.
To overcome these obstacles and rebuild their economies, developing countries need
our support now more than ever. It is crucial that we work together to implement
effective measures and provide necessary resources to ensure their swift recovery.
First and foremost, we must focus on strengthening healthcare systems in developing
countries. By investing in medical infrastructure, ensuring access to vaccines, and
promoting health education, we can mitigate the health risks and create a solid
foundation for economic revival.
Secondly, we need to international cooperation and increase financial assistance to
developing nations. This includes debt relief in loans, and aid packages tailored to their
specific needs. By providing financial stability, we can enable these countries to invest
in key sectors, create jobs, and stimulate economic growth.
Furthermore, we should promote inclusive and sustainable development. This involves
prioritizing social protection programs, particularly for vulnerable populations, such as
women, children, and the elderly. By empowering these groups through access to
education, healthcare, and job opportunities, we can build resilient economies that leave
no one behind.
Lastly, we must embrace digital transformation and technological advancements.
Encouraging innovation and digital infrastructure development can enhance productivity,
facilitate e-commerce, and bridge thereby boosting economic recovery and ensuring
long-term sustainability.
In conclusion, addressing the post-pandemic economy in developing countries
demands our immediate attention and we can mitigate this through our collective effort
collective efforts. Thank you.

Research Paper
Saudi Arabia became a member of the United Nations on October 24, 1945, by signing
the UN Charter

1. United Nations Charter: Saudi Arabia became a member of the United

Nations on October 24, 1945, by signing the UN Charter. This charter
established the foundational principles and purposes of the United Nations,
including the promotion of peace, security, and cooperation among nations.
 2. Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women
(CEDAW): Saudi Arabia ratified CEDAW on September 7, 2000. This
international treaty aims to eliminate discrimination against women and
ensure their equal rights in various spheres of life.
3. Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC): Saudi Arabia ratified CRC on
July 26, 1996. This treaty focuses on safeguarding the rights and well-being
of children, ensuring their protection from exploitation, abuse, and neglect.
4. Paris Agreement on Climate Change: Saudi Arabia signed the Paris
Agreement on April 22, 2016. This landmark agreement aims to combat
climate change by limiting global temperature rise and promoting sustainable
development.

tatis

Sudin Khanal )
Delegate of Saudi Arabia
International Monetary Fund Committee

Short Introduction of Saudi Arabia's Position after the Post-Pandemic

Economy:

Saudi Arabia, as a member of the International Monetary Fund (IMF)

committee, recognizes the significant impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on
its economy and the need to address the challenges posed by the
post-pandemic recovery. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has taken proactive
measures to mitigate the economic consequences and ensure a resilient and
sustainable recovery.

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a considerable impact on Saudi Arabia's

economy, primarily due to disruptions in global trade, declining oil prices,
reduced domestic consumption, and temporary suspension of various
economic activities. However, the Kingdom has shown resilience and
implemented strategic policies to navigate these challenges.
The Saudi Arabian government has focused on diversifying its economy
through the Vision 2030 initiative, which aims to reduce the country's
dependence on oil revenue and promote non-oil sectors such as tourism,
entertainment, and technology. This diversification strategy has helped
cushion the impact of the pandemic and contributed to the resilience of the
Saudi economy.

In addition to economic diversification, Saudi Arabia has implemented fiscal

stimulus packages, provided financial support to affected businesses and
individuals, and implemented structural reforms to enhance competitiveness
and attract foreign investment. These measures have aimed to promote
economic recovery, job creation, and sustainable development in the
post-pandemic era.

Introduction related to the Agenda: Addressing the Post-Pandemic Economy

in Developing Countries:

The COVID-19 pandemic has brought unprecedented challenges to

developing countries worldwide, including Saudi Arabia. As the world
grapples with the aftermath of the pandemic, it has become crucial for the
international community, represented by the IMF committee, to address the
post-pandemic economy in developing countries comprehensively.

Developing countries face unique challenges in recovering from the

pandemic, including limited healthcare infrastructure, high levels of poverty,
unemployment, and a heavy debt burden. The agenda of addressing the
post-pandemic economy in developing countries emphasizes the need to
design and implement effective policies to promote economic recovery, debt
sustainability, inclusive growth, and strengthen international cooperation.

The IMF committee plays a vital role in formulating policies, providing

financial assistance, and offering technical support to member countries. By
addressing the post-pandemic economy in developing countries, the
committee aims to ensure a balanced and equitable recovery, enhance
resilience against future crises, and foster sustainable development.

This research paper will explore the specific challenges faced by developing
countries, with a focus on Saudi Arabia, in recovering from the pandemic. It
 will examine the role of fiscal and monetary policies, debt sustainability
measures, fiscal reforms, inclusive growth strategies, and the importance of
international cooperation in addressing these challenges. The paper will
provide valuable insights and recommendations to guide the committee's
discussions and actions in effectively addressing the post-pandemic
economy in developing countries.

background information on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on developing countries'

economies:

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a profound impact on developing countries'

economies, exacerbating existing vulnerabilities and creating new challenges. The
unique characteristics of these economies, such as limited healthcare infrastructure,
high levels of poverty, informality in the labor market, and reliance on external trade and
remittances, have made them particularly susceptible to the adverse effects of the
pandemic. Here are some key impacts:

1. Economic Contraction: Developing countries have experienced severe economic

contractions due to widespread lockdowns, travel restrictions, and reduced
economic activity. Sectors such as tourism, hospitality, manufacturing, and retail
have been severely affected, leading to layoffs, business closures, and supply
chain disruptions.
2. Trade Disruptions: Global trade has been disrupted, affecting developing
countries' exports and imports. Reduced demand for goods and services,
disrupted supply chains, and restrictions on international travel and
transportation have hampered trade flows, impacting export-oriented economies.
3. Decline in Remittances: Many developing countries rely heavily on remittances
from overseas workers. With job losses and reduced economic activity in
destination countries, remittance flows have declined significantly, causing
economic distress for families and reduced foreign exchange reserves for
countries.
4. Fiscal Pressures: Governments in developing countries have faced increased
fiscal pressures as they grapple with additional healthcare expenditures, social
 protection programs, and revenue shortfalls. The need to simultaneously support
healthcare systems and provide economic stimulus has strained public finances
and increased borrowing requirements.
5. Rising Debt Burden: Developing countries have faced a surge in their debt
burdens due to increased borrowing to address the crisis. Diminished revenues,
currency depreciation, and higher borrowing costs have raised concerns about
debt sustainability and servicing capabilities.
6. Poverty and Inequality: The pandemic has disproportionately affected vulnerable
populations, exacerbating poverty and inequality. Informal workers, women,
children, and marginalized communities have faced greater challenges in
accessing healthcare, education, and social protection.
7. Education Disruptions: School closures and disruptions to education systems
have negatively impacted learning outcomes, exacerbating educational
inequalities and potentially impeding long-term human capital development.

Role of the IMF in promoting global economic stability and growth:

The International Monetary Fund (IMF) plays a crucial role in promoting global
economic stability and growth. Some key aspects of the IMF's role include:

1. Financial Assistance: The IMF provides financial assistance to member countries

facing balance of payments difficulties. This assistance comes in the form of
loans and programs aimed at stabilizing economies, restoring confidence, and
facilitating sustainable growth.
2. Policy Advice: The IMF offers policy advice to member countries to help them
address economic challenges and implement effective reforms. This advice
covers a wide range of areas, including fiscal and monetary policies, exchange
rate management, structural reforms, and social safety nets.
3. Surveillance: The IMF conducts regular economic surveillance of member
countries, monitoring their economic performance, vulnerabilities, and policy
frameworks. Through surveillance, the IMF identifies potential risks and provides
recommendations to promote stability, mitigate crises, and foster sustainable
growth.
4. Technical Assistance: The IMF provides technical assistance and capacity
development to member countries to enhance their economic institutions, policy
frameworks, and implementation capabilities. This assistance helps countries
strengthen their economic governance, improve data quality, and build expertise
in areas such as fiscal management, monetary policy, and financial sector
regulation.
 5. Global Economic Governance: The IMF plays a key role in global economic
governance by fostering cooperation among member countries. It facilitates
dialogue and coordination on economic policies, exchange rate stability, financial
sector regulation, and international financial architecture. The IMF also promotes
collaboration with other international organizations and regional institutions to
address global economic challenges collectively.

Significance of developing countries' recovery for global economic well-being:

The recovery of developing countries is essential for global economic well-being due to
several reasons:

1. Economic Growth: Developing countries account for a significant share of global

economic growth. Their recovery and subsequent economic expansion
contribute to overall global growth, trade, and investment, fostering a more
robust and interconnected global economy.
2. Market Opportunities: Developing countries represent emerging markets with
untapped potential. Their recovery opens up new market opportunities for trade
and investment, benefiting both developed and developing economies.
3. Poverty Reduction: Many developing countries have high levels of poverty. Their
recovery and economic growth are crucial for reducing poverty, improving living
standards, and achieving sustainable development goals. A more equitable
global economic landscape is essential for global stability and well-being.
4. Financial Stability: Developing countries' economic stability and sound financial
systems contribute to global financial stability. Strong and well-regulated
financial sectors in these countries help prevent systemic risks and contagion
effects that can impact global markets.

Scope of the committee's responsibilities in formulating effective policies:

The committee's responsibilities in formulating effective policies encompass several

key areas:

1. Policy Coordination: The committee promotes policy coordination among

member countries to address common challenges, such as economic recovery,
financial stability, and sustainable development. It facilitates dialogue, knowledge
sharing, and collaboration to ensure coherent and effective policy responses.
2. Policy Advice: The committee provides policy advice to member countries,
drawing on the expertise and analysis of the IMF. This advice includes
 recommendations on fiscal and monetary policies, structural reforms, debt
management, inclusive growth strategies, and measures to strengthen resilience
against future crises.
3. Program Design and Monitoring: The committee oversees the design and
monitoring of IMF programs and lending arrangements. It ensures that these
programs are tailored to the specific needs and circumstances of member
countries, align with their policy priorities, and support their economic recovery
and sustainable development objectives.
4. Financial Assistance: The committee assesses and approves financial
assistance requests from member countries facing balance of payments
difficulties. It evaluates the economic and policy conditions associated with such
assistance to ensure effective use of funds and promote the recipient countries'
economic stability and growth.
5. Surveillance and Risk Assessment: The committee reviews and guides the IMF's
surveillance activities, monitoring global economic developments, risks, and
vulnerabilities. It assesses the effectiveness of surveillance in identifying
emerging risks and providing policy recommendations to member countries. The
committee ensures that surveillance is comprehensive, transparent, and
responsive to evolving economic conditions.
6. Capacity Development: The committee promotes capacity development
initiatives to enhance the economic policy capabilities of member countries. It
encourages the IMF to provide technical assistance, training, and knowledge
sharing to help countries strengthen their institutions, policy frameworks, and
implementation capacity.
7. International Cooperation: The committee fosters international cooperation and
collaboration with other international organizations, regional institutions, and
stakeholders. It facilitates dialogue on global economic issues, coordinates
policy responses, and promotes best practices to address common challenges
and achieve shared objectives.
8. Research and Analysis: The committee oversees research and analysis
conducted by the IMF, ensuring that it is relevant, timely, and contributes to policy
formulation. It encourages research on emerging economic trends, policy
innovations, and the impact of global events on member countries' economies.
Overview of the challenges faced by developing countries in recovering from the pandemic

Developing countries face numerous challenges in recovering from the COVID-19 pandemic. These

challenges are multifaceted and impact various aspects of their economies and societies. Here is an

overview of some key challenges:

1. Economic Contraction: Developing countries have experienced significant economic

contractions due to the pandemic. Lockdown measures, disrupted supply chains, reduced
domestic and international demand, and declining global trade have led to recessions and
declines in output across sectors.
2. Fiscal Pressures: The pandemic has put immense pressure on the fiscal resources of
developing countries. Increased healthcare expenditures, social protection measures, and
revenue shortfalls have strained public finances, leading to rising budget deficits and debt
burdens.
3. Debt Burden: Developing countries were already grappling with high levels of debt before the
pandemic. The crisis has further exacerbated their debt burdens due to increased borrowing
to address the health and economic impacts. Servicing and managing this debt has become
a significant challenge.
4. Informal Economy: Many developing countries have substantial informal sectors, which are
particularly vulnerable to the economic consequences of the pandemic. Informal workers,
such as daily wage laborers and self-employed individuals, face income losses, limited
access to social protection, and job insecurity.
5. Unemployment and Poverty: The pandemic has resulted in widespread job losses and
increased poverty rates in developing countries. Workers in sectors heavily impacted by
lockdowns, such as tourism, hospitality, and retail, have been disproportionately affected.
The loss of livelihoods has pushed many individuals and families into poverty.
6. Healthcare Systems: Developing countries often have limited healthcare infrastructure,
making it challenging to respond effectively to the health crisis. Insufficient medical facilities,
shortages of medical supplies and equipment, and inadequate access to vaccines pose
significant challenges to managing the pandemic's health impact.
7. Education Disruptions: School closures and disruptions to education systems have had
severe consequences for children and youth in developing countries. Limited access to
online learning resources, lack of connectivity, and reduced educational support have
widened educational inequalities and hindered learning outcomes.
8. Inequality and Vulnerable Groups: The pandemic has exacerbated existing inequalities in
developing countries. Marginalized groups, including women, children, persons with
disabilities, and informal workers, face heightened vulnerabilities, limited access to
healthcare, education, and social protection, and reduced opportunities for economic
recovery.
Expansionary Fiscal Measures to Stimulate Demand and Investment:

1. Government Spending: Developing countries can implement expansionary fiscal

policies by increasing government spending on infrastructure projects, healthcare
systems, and social protection programs. This stimulates demand, creates
employment opportunities, and boosts economic activity.
2. Tax Incentives and Relief: Governments can provide tax incentives and relief
measures to support businesses, particularly small and medium enterprises
(SMEs), and encourage investment. This can include tax breaks, reduced tax
rates, and simplified tax procedures to attract domestic and foreign investors.
3. Targeted Stimulus Packages: Designing targeted stimulus packages that
prioritize sectors severely impacted by the pandemic, such as tourism,
hospitality, and manufacturing, can facilitate their recovery and support job
creation.

Monetary Policy Tools for Liquidity Provision and Interest Rate Management:

1. Monetary Easing: Central banks can adopt accommodative monetary policies,

including lower interest rates, to encourage borrowing, investment, and
consumption. This increases liquidity in the economy and stimulates economic
growth.
2. Liquidity Support to Banks: Providing liquidity support to banks and financial
institutions helps ensure the smooth functioning of the financial system.
Measures like reducing reserve requirements, implementing open market
operations, and extending credit lines can enhance the availability of credit to
businesses and individuals.
3. Exchange Rate Management: Developing countries can employ exchange rate
policies to maintain competitiveness in international trade. A flexible exchange
rate regime can facilitate adjustments and support export-oriented sectors.

Balancing Short-term Recovery with Long-term Fiscal Sustainability:

1. Sustainable Debt Management: Developing countries need to carefully manage

their debt to ensure long-term fiscal sustainability. This involves prudent
borrowing practices, effective debt management strategies, and monitoring debt
sustainability indicators.
2. Structural Reforms: Implementing structural reforms, such as improving
governance, enhancing the business environment, and promoting innovation, can
support long-term economic growth and fiscal stability.
 3. Revenue Diversification: Governments can explore revenue diversification
strategies to reduce dependency on volatile sources, such as commodities. This
can include promoting non-oil sectors, expanding the tax base, and improving tax
administration.
4. Public-Private Partnerships: Encouraging public-private partnerships can
mobilize private sector investment, expertise, and innovation for infrastructure
development and economic growth.

Financial aid and technical assistance from international organizations

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International cooperation and support are essential for the economic revival of developing countries

in the post-pandemic era. The COVID-19 crisis has highlighted the interconnectedness of economies

and the need for collaborative efforts to address the challenges faced by developing nations. Here is

a discussion on the importance of international cooperation and support:

1. Financial Aid: Developing countries often lack the financial resources required to address the
economic fallout of the pandemic effectively. International cooperation plays a crucial role in
providing financial aid to support their recovery efforts. International organizations, such as
the IMF, World Bank, and regional development banks, can provide financial assistance
through loans, grants, and debt relief initiatives. This aid helps alleviate budgetary pressures,
finance critical investments, and support social protection programs.
2. Technical Assistance: Developing countries may also require technical expertise and
knowledge to design and implement effective policies for economic revival. International
organizations and donor countries can provide technical assistance in areas such as fiscal
management, public sector reform, investment promotion, and capacity building. This
support helps enhance the policy-making capabilities of developing countries and
strengthens their institutional frameworks for sustainable development.
3. Trade and Market Access: International cooperation is crucial for ensuring fair and equitable
access to global markets for developing countries' products and services. Facilitating trade,
reducing trade barriers, and promoting market access can help these countries diversify their
economies, boost exports, and attract foreign investment. Initiatives like preferential trade
agreements and duty-free market access can contribute to their economic revival and
integration into the global trading system.
4. Knowledge Sharing and Best Practices: International cooperation enables the exchange of
knowledge, experiences, and best practices among countries. Developing nations can learn
 from success stories and lessons learned by others in managing similar challenges. Sharing
experiences on effective policy responses, innovative solutions, and strategies for
sustainable development can support informed decision-making and enhance the
effectiveness of economic revival efforts.
5. Multilateral Platforms: Multilateral platforms, such as the G20 and regional organizations,
provide forums for dialogue and cooperation among countries. These platforms offer
opportunities to discuss common challenges, coordinate policy responses, and advocate for
the needs of developing countries. Collaboration through these platforms ensures that the
voices and concerns of developing nations are taken into account in shaping global
economic policies.
6. Climate Finance and Sustainable Development: International cooperation is crucial for
mobilizing climate finance and supporting developing countries' transition to sustainable
development pathways. Financial support, technology transfer, and capacity building in areas
such as renewable energy, climate adaptation, and sustainable infrastructure are vital for
promoting both economic revival and environmental sustainability.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

concerns raised by the delegate of Nepal regarding the employment of workers from
developing countries at minimum wages in Saudi Arabia.

. I would like to provide clarification on the employment of workers from developing

countries in Saudi Arabia and address the concerns raised regarding minimum wages.

1. Economic Opportunities: Saudi Arabia offers employment opportunities to

workers from developing countries, which contribute to poverty reduction and
economic development in their home countries. These opportunities allow
individuals to earn income and support their families, improving their livelihoods.
2. Legal Framework: Saudi Arabia has implemented a robust legal framework to
protect the rights and welfare of workers, regardless of their nationality. This
framework includes regulations on minimum wages, working conditions, and
labor rights. The government ensures that these laws are enforced and has
penalties in place for violations.
3. Bilateral Agreements: Saudi Arabia has signed bilateral agreements with several
countries, including Nepal, to regulate labor migration and protect the rights of
workers. These agreements outline the obligations of both sending and receiving
countries, including fair recruitment practices, labor rights, and social
protections.
 4. Wage Standards and Adjustments: While minimum wages are set to provide a
baseline income for workers, it is important to note that Saudi Arabia regularly
reviews and adjusts these wages to keep pace with economic developments and
ensure decent standards of living for all workers. The government takes into
account various factors, including the cost of living, inflation rates, and economic
conditions.
5. Grievance Mechanisms and Support Services: Saudi Arabia has established
grievance mechanisms and support services to address any complaints or
grievances raised by workers. These mechanisms aim to ensure that workers
have access to justice and their concerns are addressed promptly and fairly.
6. Ongoing Reforms: Saudi Arabia is committed to continuous improvement in labor
practices and has undertaken significant reforms in recent years. These reforms
focus on enhancing workers' rights, strengthening labor market institutions, and
ensuring transparency in recruitment processes.
7. International Cooperation: Saudi Arabia actively engages in international
cooperation, including with the International Labour Organization (ILO) and other
relevant organizations, to promote fair labor practices and protect the rights of
workers. The government values dialogue and collaboration to address
labor-related challenges and implement best practices.

………………………………Impact on Oil Sector: Saudi Arabia, being a major oil exporter,

experienced a decline in oil prices and demand during the pandemic. The restrictions on
travel and economic activities globally led to a decrease in oil consumption. This had an
adverse effect on the country's fiscal revenue and budgetary positions.

1. Government Response: The Saudi Arabian government implemented various

measures to mitigate the economic impact of the pandemic. These included
fiscal stimulus packages, financial support to businesses, wage subsidies, and
loan deferrals. The government also initiated reforms to diversify the economy
and reduce its reliance on oil through initiatives such as Vision 2030.
2. Economic Diversification: Saudi Arabia's Vision 2030 is a long-term strategy
aimed at diversifying the economy, reducing dependence on oil, and promoting
sectors such as tourism, entertainment, technology, and renewable energy. The
pandemic highlighted the importance of accelerating these diversification efforts
to enhance economic resilience.
3. Non-Oil Sectors: While the oil sector faced challenges, Saudi Arabia witnessed
growth in non-oil sectors. Efforts to develop industries such as mining,
manufacturing, healthcare, education, and entertainment contributed to
economic diversification and job creation.
 4. Digital Transformation: The pandemic accelerated the digital transformation in
Saudi Arabia, with increased adoption of digital technologies in various sectors.
E-commerce, telemedicine, remote working, and online education gained
momentum, leading to the growth of the digital economy.
5. International Investments: Saudi Arabia continued its efforts to attract foreign
investments and diversify its economy by encouraging international companies
to invest in the country. Initiatives such as the Saudi Arabian General Investment
Authority (SAGIA) and the creation of special economic zones aimed to facilitate
investment and business growth.
6. Tourism and Hajj: The tourism sector, including religious tourism related to Hajj
and Umrah, faced significant challenges due to travel restrictions and safety
concerns during the pandemic. However, as global vaccination efforts progress
and restrictions ease, the sector is expected to recover gradually.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

1. India: Saudi Arabia has a significant economic relationship with India. The two
countries have a strong trade partnership, with bilateral trade reaching billions of
dollars annually. You can refer to official sources such as the Ministry of
Commerce of Saudi Arabia and the Ministry of Commerce and Industry of India
for the latest trade data between the two countries.
2. United States: Saudi Arabia and the United States have a longstanding
relationship, characterized by diplomatic, economic, and security cooperation.
Trade between the two countries is substantial, with Saudi Arabia being a major
oil supplier to the United States. The U.S. Census Bureau and the Saudi Arabian
General Investment Authority (SAGIA) can provide data on trade and investment
between the two countries.
3. France: Saudi Arabia and France maintain diplomatic and economic relations.
While the trade volume between the two countries is not as significant as with
some other partners, there are various areas of collaboration, including defense,
infrastructure, and energy sectors. The French Ministry for Europe and Foreign
Affairs and the Saudi Arabian General Investment Authority can provide relevant
information on the bilateral relationship.
4. Brazil: Saudi Arabia and Brazil have been expanding their economic ties in recent
years. The countries engage in trade, particularly in agricultural products and
 livestock. The Ministry of Economy of Saudi Arabia and the Ministry of Economy
of Brazil can offer data on bilateral trade and investment.

5. South Africa: Saudi Arabia and South Africa maintain diplomatic and trade
relations. Although the trade volume between the two countries may not be
extensive, there are opportunities for collaboration in sectors such as mining,
energy, and infrastructure. The South African Department of Trade, Industry and
Competition and the Saudi Arabian General Investment Authority can provide
relevant information.
6. Russia: Saudi Arabia and Russia have developed closer economic ties in recent
years, particularly in the energy sector. Both countries are significant oil
producers and have cooperated on oil market stabilization efforts. In terms of
trade, Saudi Arabia exports various products to Russia, including petroleum and
petrochemicals. For detailed trade data between Saudi Arabia and Russia, you
can refer to the official sources such as the Federal Customs Service of Russia
and the General Authority for Statistics of Saudi Arabia.
7. Germany: Saudi Arabia and Germany have maintained diplomatic and economic
relations. Germany is an important trade partner for Saudi Arabia within the
European Union. Trade between the two countries primarily involves machinery,
vehicles, chemical products, and electrical equipment. Germany also provides
expertise in areas such as infrastructure development, renewable energy, and
technology. To access trade data and relevant information, you can refer to
official sources such as the Federal Statistical Office of Germany and the General
Authority for Statistics of Saudi Arabia.

Approximate trade value between Saudi and different countries

The approximate annual trade value between Saudi Arabia and India has been
significant, reaching around $25-30 billion USD in recent years.

1. USA : The United States is an important trade partner for Saudi Arabia. The
annual trade value between the two countries has been substantial, reaching
around $40-50 billion USD.
2. France: The annual trade value between Saudi Arabia and France has been in the
range of $10-15 billion USD.
3. Brazil: Saudi Arabia has maintained a trade relationship with Brazil, with an
approximate annual trade value of around $2-3 billion USD.
4. South Africa: The annual trade value between Saudi Arabia and South Africa has
been relatively modest, ranging from $1-2 billion USD.
5. Afghanistan: The trade relationship between Saudi Arabia and Afghanistan has
been relatively small, with an annual trade value of around $100-200 million USD.
6. Russian Federation: Saudi Arabia has had a trade relationship with Russia, with
an approximate annual trade value of around $1-2 billion USD.
7. Nigeria: The annual trade value between Saudi Arabia and Nigeria has been
significant, ranging from $2-3 billion USD.
8. Indonesia: Saudi Arabia and Indonesia have maintained a trade relationship, with
an annual trade value of around $2-3 billion USD.
9. Nepal: The trade relationship between Saudi Arabia and Nepal has been relatively
smaller, with an annual trade value of around $100-200 million USD.
10. Canada: The annual trade value between Saudi Arabia and Canada has been
modest, ranging from $1-2 billion USD.
11. New Zealand: The trade relationship between Saudi Arabia and New Zealand has
been relatively small, with an annual trade value of around $100-200 million USD.
12. Mexico: Saudi Arabia and Mexico have maintained a trade relationship, with an
annual trade value of around $1-2 billion USD.
13. Argentina: The trade relationship between Saudi Arabia and Argentina has been
modest, with an annual trade value of around $100-200 million USD.
14. Bangladesh: The annual trade value between Saudi Arabia and Bangladesh has
been significant, ranging from $3-4 billion USD.
15. Pakistan: Saudi Arabia has had a trade relationship with Pakistan, with an
approximate annual trade value of around $3-4 billion USD.
16. Egypt: The annual trade value between Saudi Arabia and Egypt has been
substantial, ranging from $2-3 billion USD.
17. Philippines: Saudi Arabia and the Philippines have maintained a trade
relationship, with an annual trade value of around $1-2 billion USD.
18. Colombia: The trade relationship between Saudi Arabia and Colombia has been
modest, with an annual trade value of around $100-200 million USD.
19. Vietnam: Saudi Arabia and Vietnam have had a trade relationship, with an
approximate annual trade value of around $1-2 billion USD.
20. United Kingdom: The annual trade value between Saudi Arabia and the United
Kingdom has been significant, ranging from $4-5 billion USD.
21. Venezuela: Saudi Arabia and Venezuela have maintained a trade relationship,
with an approximate annual trade value of around $200-300 million USD.
 22. China: Saudi Arabia has a significant trade relationship with China, with an annual
trade value of around $50-60 billion USD.

Citations:

: www.imf.org

www.worldbank.org

www.oecd.org

www.saudi.gov.sa

I. Priorities in Addressing Economic Challenges in Developing Countries:

Poverty Alleviation and Inclusive Growth:

Saudi Arabia believes that poverty alleviation and inclusive growth are crucial aspects of
post-pandemic economic recovery in developing countries. We emphasize the need for
targeted policies that address income inequality, promote social safety nets, and
provide equal opportunities for all segments of society.

Infrastructure Development:

Saudi Arabia acknowledges the significance of robust infrastructure for economic

growth and believes that developing countries should prioritize infrastructure
development. We encourage increased investment in transportation, energy, and
communication networks to improve connectivity, enhance productivity, and attract
foreign investment.
Financial Inclusion and Access to Finance:

Saudi Arabia recognizes the importance of financial inclusion in fostering economic

development. We advocate for policies that enhance access to finance, promote
microfinance initiatives, and support entrepreneurship. Financial literacy programs
should also be implemented to empower individuals and small businesses.

Foreign Direct Investment (FDI):

Saudi Arabia understands the potential of foreign direct investment in driving economic
growth. We encourage developing countries to create favorable investment climates by
implementing transparent regulations, strengthening governance frameworks, and
offering incentives to attract foreign investors. The facilitation of public-private
partnerships can also be explored to leverage private sector expertise and resources.

Debt Sustainability:

Saudi Arabia acknowledges the challenges faced by developing countries in managing

their debt burdens, especially in the aftermath of the pandemic. We support debt
sustainability initiatives and advocate for responsible borrowing and lending practices.
Debt relief mechanisms, such as debt rescheduling, restructuring, and access to
concessional financing, should be explored to alleviate the debt burden of developing
countries.

III. Specific Policy Recommendations:

Enhanced Technical Assistance:

Saudi Arabia proposes an expansion of the IMF's technical assistance programs to

support developing countries in their post-pandemic recovery efforts. This should
include capacity building in economic diversification, financial sector development,
infrastructure planning, and public financial management.

Increased Financial Support:

Saudi Arabia supports the provision of increased financial support by the IMF to
developing countries, especially those severely impacted by the pandemic. The IMF
should consider flexible funding mechanisms, such as low-interest loans and grants, to
help countries strengthen their healthcare systems, boost social spending, and
stimulate economic activities.

Collaboration on Vaccine Access:

Saudi Arabia emphasizes the importance of global collaboration to ensure equitable

access to COVID-19 vaccines. The IMF should work closely with other international
organizations, such as the World Health Organization (WHO) and the World Trade
Organization (WTO), to support initiatives like COVAX, ensuring developing countries
have timely access to vaccines and strengthening their health infrastructure.

Technology Transfer and Digitalization:

Saudi Arabia believes that technology transfer and digitalization can significantly
contribute to the post-pandemic recovery in developing countries. The IMF should
facilitate partnerships and knowledge-sharing platforms to promote technology transfer,
support digital infrastructure development, and enhance digital skills training in these
countries.

Sustainable Development and Climate Finance:

Saudi Arabia underscores the importance of integrating climate change considerations

into post-pandemic recovery plans. The IMF should assist developing countries in
accessing climate finance, facilitating green investments, and implementing sustainable
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Resolutions

Draft Resolutions:

Resolution 1: Promoting Sustainable Debt Management in Developing Countries

Sponsor: Saudi Arabia Committee: International Monetary Fund (IMF) Agenda:

Addressing the post-pandemic economy in developing countries

Acknowledging the challenges faced by developing countries in managing their debt

burdens, especially in the aftermath of the pandemic,

Recognizing the importance of sustainable debt management for long-term economic

stability and development,

Emphasizing the need to support developing countries in effectively managing their

debt and ensuring debt sustainability,

Calls upon the International Monetary Fund (IMF) to enhance its financial support and
technical assistance to developing countries in formulating and implementing
sustainable debt management strategies;
Encourages the IMF to provide capacity building programs and training to strengthen
the debt management capabilities of developing countries, including debt sustainability
analysis, risk assessment, and debt restructuring techniques;

Urges the IMF to collaborate with international financial institutions, such as the World
Bank and regional development banks, to explore innovative financial instruments and
mechanisms that can help reduce the debt burden of developing countries;

Requests the IMF to promote transparency and accountability in lending and borrowing
practices, including advocating for responsible lending by creditors and promoting debt
transparency initiatives;

Calls upon developed countries and international financial institutions to provide debt
relief and concessional financing options to heavily indebted developing countries,
particularly those severely impacted by the pandemic, to alleviate their debt burdens
and support their post-pandemic recovery efforts;

Encourages developing countries to strengthen their debt management frameworks,

improve debt data transparency, and implement comprehensive debt sustainability
assessments to make informed borrowing and debt management decisions;

Urges developed countries and international financial institutions to explore

debt-for-climate swaps and debt-for-nature swaps to incentivize sustainable
development practices and environmental conservation in developing countries;

Requests the IMF to continue monitoring and assessing the impact of debt on the
economic stability and development of developing countries, and to provide policy
guidance and support in addressing emerging debt challenges;
Calls for increased international cooperation and collaboration among countries,
international financial institutions, and other relevant stakeholders to promote
sustainable debt management practices, foster debt sustainability, and support the
post-pandemic economic recovery of developing countries.

Resolution 2: Enhancing Financial Inclusion for Post-Pandemic Economic Recovery

Sponsor: Saudi Arabia Committee: International Monetary Fund (IMF) Agenda:

Addressing the post-pandemic economy in developing countries

Recognizing the importance of financial inclusion in fostering economic development

and post-pandemic recovery,

Emphasizing the need to promote equal access to financial services, particularly for
vulnerable populations and underserved areas in developing countries,

Acknowledging the potential of financial technology (FinTech) in expanding financial

inclusion and improving access to finance,

Urges the IMF to strengthen its support for developing countries in enhancing financial
inclusion policies and initiatives, including through the provision of technical assistance,
capacity building programs, and knowledge sharing on best practices;
Encourages developing countries to adopt regulatory frameworks and innovative
measures that promote inclusive financial systems, such as simplified Know Your
Customer (KYC) requirements, digital identification systems, and tailored financial
products and services;

Calls for increased collaboration between the IMF, central banks, and national financial
authorities to develop and implement comprehensive strategies for promoting financial
literacy and improving financial education in developing countries;

Calls upon the international community, including donor countries and international
financial institutions, to provide financial resources and technical support to developing
countries in establishing and expanding financial infrastructure, including digital
payment systems, mobile banking, and agent banking networks;

Urges the IMF to support the development and implementation of national strategies for
digitizing financial services in developing countries, while ensuring consumer
protection, data privacy, and cybersecurity measures are in place;