REPUBLIC ACT 8491 THE FLAG AND time of peace, and the red field

HERALDIC CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES to the right (left of the observer)

in time of war.
1. CONSTITUTIONAL BASIS
d. Section 12
a. The flag of the Philippines shall
When the Philippine flag is flown
be red, white and blue, with the
with another flag, the flags, if
sun and three stars as
both are national flags, must be
consecrated and honored by the
flown on separate staffs of the
people and recognized by law
same height and shall be of
(Section 1, Article XVI, Philippine
equal size. The Philippine flag
Constitution).
shall be hoisted first and lowered
b. b. The Congress may, by law,
last. If the other flag is not a
adopt a new name for the
national flag it may flown on the
country, a national anthem or
same line yard as the Philippine
national seal, which shall all be
flag but below the latter and it
truly reflective and symbolic of
cannot be of greater size than
the ideals, history and traditions
the Philippine flag.
of the people. Such law shall
e. Section 13
take effect only upon its
When displayed with another
ratification by the people in a
flag, the Philippine flag shall be
national referendum (Section 2,
on the right of the other flag. If
Article XVI, Philippine
there is a line of other flags, the
Constitution).
Philippine flag shall be in the
2. LEGAL BASIS (REPUBLIC ACT
middle of the line. When carried
8491)
in a parade with other flags that
a. Section 2
are not national flags, the
Reverence and respect shall at
Philippine flag shall be in front
all times be accorded the flag,
and center of the line.
the anthem, and other national
f. Section 14
symbols which embody the
A flag worn out through wear and
national ideals and traditions and
tear shall not be thrown away. It
which express the principles of
shall be solemnly burned to
sovereignty and national
avoid misuse or desecration. The
solidarity.
flag shall be replaced
The heraldic items and devices
immediately when it begins to
shall seek to manifest the
show signs of wear and tear.
national virtues and to inculcate
g. Section 15
in the minds and hearts of our
The flag shall be raised at
people a just pride in their native
sunrise and lowered at sunset. It
land, fitting respect and affection
shall be on the pole at the start
for the national flag and anthem,
of official office hours and shall
and the proper use of national
remain flying throughout the day.
motto, coat-of-arms and other
h. Section 16
heraldic items and devices.
The Flag maybe displayed:
b. Section 4
a) Inside or outside the building
The flag of the Philippines shall
or on a stationary flagpoles.
be blue, wand red with an eight-
If the flagpole displayed
rayed golden-yellow sun and
indoor on a flagpole, it shall
three five pointed stars, as
be placed at the left of the
consecrated and honored by the
observer as one enters the
people.
room;
c. Section 10
b) From the top of the flagpole,
The flag is flown from a flagpole,
which shall be at prominent
shall have its blue field on top in
place or a commanding
time of peace and red field on
position in relation to the
top in time of war; if in a hanging
sorounding buildings;
position, the blue field shall be to
c) From a staff projecting
the right (left of the observer) in
upward from the window sill,
 canopy, balcony or facade of
a building;
d) In a suspended position from
a rope extending from a
building to pole erected away
from the building;
e) Flat against the wall
vertically with the sun and
stars on top;
f) Hanging in a vertical position
across a street, with the blue
field pointing east, if the road
is heading south or north, or
pointing north if the road is
heading east or west
g) The flag shall not be raised
when the weather is
inclement. If already raised,
the flag shall not be lowered.
i. Section 17
The flag shall be hoisted to the
top briskly and lowered
ceremoniously. The flag shall
never touch anything beneath it,
such as the ground, floor, water
or other objects. After being
lowered, the flag shall be
handled and folded solemnly as
part of the ceremony.
j. Section 18
All government offices and
educational institutions shall
henceforth observe the flag-
raising ceremony every Monday
morning and the flag lowering
ceremony every Friday
afternoon. The ceremony shall
be simple and dignified and shall
include the playing or singing of
the Philippine National Anthem.
k. Section 20
The observance of the flag
ceremony in official or civic
gatherings shall be simple and
dignified and shall include the
playing or singing of the anthem
in its original Filipino lyrics and
march tempo.
l. Section 21
During the flag-raising ceremony,
the assembly shall stand in
formation facing the flag. At the
moment the first note of the
anthem is heard, everyone in the
premises shall come to attention;
moving vehicles shall stop.
All persons present shall place
their right palms over their left
chests, those with hat shall
uncover; while those in military,
scouting, security guard, and
citizens military training uniforms
shall give the salute prescribed
by their regulations, which salute
shall be completed upon the last
note of the anthem. The
assembly shall sing the
Philippine National Anthem,
accompanied by a band, if
available, and at the first note
the flag shall be raised briskly.
M. Section 22
During the flag lowering, the flag
shall be lowered solemnly and
slowly so that the flag shall be
down the mast at the sound of
the last note of the anthem.
Those in the assembly shall
observe the same deportment or
shall observe the same behavior
as for the flag-raising ceremony.
N. Section 23
The flag shall be flown at half-
mast as a sign of mourning on all
the buildings and places where it
is displayed, as provided for in
this Act, on the day of official
announcement of the death of
any of the following officials:
a. The President or a former
President for ten (10) days.
b. The Vice-President, the Chief
Justice, the President of the
Senate and the Speaker of the
House of Representatives, for
seven (7) days.
c. Other persons to be
determined by the Institute, for
any period less than seven (7)
days. The flag when flown at
half-mast shall be first hoisted to
the peak for a moment then
lowered to the halfmast position.
The flag shall again be raised to
the peak before it is lowered for
the day.
o. Section 24
The flag may be used to cover
the caskets of the honored dead
of the military, veterans of
previous wars, national artist,
and of civilians who have
 rendered distinguished service to
the nation, as may be
determined by the local
government unit concerned.
In such cases, the flag shall be
placed such that the white
triangle shall be at the head and
the blue portion shall cover the
right side of the caskets. The flag
shall not be lowered to the grave
or allowed to touch the ground,
but shall be folded solemnly and
handed over to the heirs of the
deceased.
p. Section 25
The following shall be the Pledge of
Allegiance to the Philippine Flag
Ako ay Pilipino
Buong katapatang nanunumpa Sa watawat
ng Pilipinas
At sa bansang kanyang sinasagisag Na
may dangal,
katarungan at kalayaan
Na pinakikilos ng sambayanang
Maka-Diyos Maka-tao Makakalikasan at
Makabansa
Such pledge shall be recited while standing
with the right hand with palm open raised
shoulder high. Individuals whose faith and
religious beliefs prohibit them from making
such pledge must nonetheless show full
respect when the pledge is being rendered.
q. Section 26
The period of May 28 to June 12 of each
year is declared as flag days, during which
period all offices, agencies and
instrumentalities of government, business
establishments, institutions of learning and
private homes are enjoined to display the
flag.
r. Section 34
Prohibited Acts: It shall be prohibited
a) To mutilate, deface, defile, trample on or
cast contempt or commit any act or
omission casting dishonor or ridicule upon
the flag or over its surface;
b) To dip the flag to any person or object by
way of compliment or salute;
c) To use the flag;
1) As a drapery, festoon, tablecloth;
2) As covering for ceilings, walls, statues or
other objects;
3) As a pennant in the hood, side, back and
top of motor vehicles;
4) As a staff or whip;
5) For unveiling monuments or statues; and
6) As trademarks, or for industrial
commercial or agricultural labels or designs
d)To display the flag:
1. Under any painting or picture;
2. Horizontally face-up. It shall always be
hoisted aloft and allowed to fall freely;
3. Below any platform; or
4. In discotheques, cockpits, night and day
clubs, casinos, gambling joints and places
of vice or where frivolity prevails.
5. To wear the flag in whole or in part as a
costume or uniform;
6. To add any word, figure, mark, picture,
design, drawings, advertisement, or imprint
of any nature on the flag;
7. To print, paint or attach representation of
the flag on handkerchiefs, napkins,
cushions, and other articles of merchandise.
8. To display in public any foreign flag,
except in embassies and other diplomatic
establishments, and in offices of
international organizations;
9. To use, display or be part of any
advertisement of infomercial; and
10.To display the flag in front of buildings or
offices occupied by aliens
s. Section 35
The National Anthem is entitled Lupang
Hinirang.
t. Section 36
The National Anthem shall always be sung
in the national language within or without
the country. The following shall be the lyrics
of the National Anthem:
u. Section 37
The rendition of the National Anthem,
whether played or sung, shall be in
accordance with the musical arrangement
and composition of Julian Felipe.
v. Section 38
When the National Anthem is played at a
public gathering, whether by a band by a
singing or both, or reproduced by any
means, the attending public shall sing the
anthem. The singing must be done with
fervor.
As a sign of respect, all persons shall stand
at attention and face the Philippine flag, if
there is one displayed, and if there is none,
they shall face the band or the conductor.
At the first note, all persons shall execute a
salute by placing their right palms over their
left chests. Those in military, scouting,
citizen’s military training and security guard
uniforms shall give the salute prescribed by
their regulations. The salute shall be
completed upon the last note of the anthem.
The anthem shall not be played and sung
for mere recreation, amusement or
entertainment purposes except on the
following occasions:
a. International competitions where the
Philippines is the host of has a
representative;
b. Local competitions;
c. During the “signing off” and “signing on”
of radio broadcasting and television
stations;
d. Before initials and last screening of films
and before the opening of theater
performances; and
published at least once in a newspaper of
general circulation.
The Department of Education Culture and
Sports and the Commission on Higher
Education, upon the recommendation of the
Institute and after proper notice and
hearing, shall cause the cancellation of the
recognition or permit of any private
educational institution which fails or refuses
to observe the provisions of this Act for the
second time.
y. Section 49
The Department of Education Culture and
Sports (DECS), now Department of
Education (DepEd) and the Commission on
Higher Education (CHED) shall ensure that
the National Anthem, as adopted by law,
shall be committed to memory by all
students of both public and private
educational institutions, and performed
during the flag ceremony conducted in
accordance with the rules and regulations
issued by the Office of the President.
In addition, they shall make available the
vocal, piano or band scores of the National
Anthem, as adopted by law, to all private
and public schools, as well as the general
public
z. Section 50
Any person juridical entity which violates
any of the provisions of this Act shall, upon
conviction be punished by a fine of not less
than Five thousand pesos (P5,000) not
more than Twenty thousand pesos
(P20,000), or by imprisonment for not more
than one (1) year, or both such fine and
imprisonment, at the discretion of the court:

e. Other occasions as may be allowed by Provided, that for any second and additional
the Institute. offenses, both fine and imprisonment shall
always be imposed: Provided, further, that
w. Section 40 in case the violation is committed by a
The National Motto shall be “MAKA-DIYOS, juridical person, its President or Chief
MAKA-TAO, MAKAKALIKASAN at Executive Officer thereof shall be liable.
MAKABANSA.”
x. Section 48
Failure or refusal to observe the provisions
of this Act; and any violation of the
corresponding rules and regulations issued
by the Office of the President, shall after
proper notice and hearing, shall be
penalized by public censure which shall be

DISASTER RISK REDUCTION AND
MANAGEMENT
Accident is an unexpected event with
negative consequences occurring without
the intention of the one suffering the
consequences.
Herbert William Heinrich
98% of workplace accidents are preventable
and only 2% are non-preventable. Of the
98% preventable accidents, 88% is due to
unsafe/unhealthy acts or “man failure” and
10% is due to unsafe/unhealthy conditions.
Disasters are natural or human-made
events wherein communities experience
severe danger and incur loss of lives and
properties causing disruption in its social
structure and prevention of the fulfillment of
all or some of the affected community’s
essential functions.
LEGAL AUTHORITY
RA 10121
 “Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction and
Management Act of 2010”
 An act strengthening the Philippine
Disaster Risk Reduction and Management
System, providing for the National Disaster
Risk Reduction and Management
Framework and institutionalizing the
National Disaster Risk Reduction and
Management Plan, appropriating funds
therefor and for other purposes
PD 1566
Heavy reliance on volunteers; DCC
structures; civil society organization
No system of recognizing and giving
incentives to community volunteers
RA 10121
• Mandatory trainings for LGU personnel,
sangguniang kabataan and part of NSTP
program
Community volunteers will be accredited
and given package of incentives
Hazard …is a thing, situation or
phenomenon that poses threat to the
people, structure or economic assets and
which may cause a disaster. It could be
natural or humanmade.
Vulnerability are conditions, locations,
characteristics, habits that renders a
community prone to suffer from the effect of
hazards that turns into disaster.
Risk A combination of likelihood of an
occurrence of a hazardous event with the
specified period in or in specified
circumstances and the severity of injury or
damage to health of people, property,
environment or any combination of these
caused by the event.
NATURAL HAZARDS
FLOODS
TYPHOONS AND STORM SURGES
EARTHQUAKES
VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS
CLIMATIC VARIABILITIES (LA NIÑA/EL
NIÑO)
LANDSLIDES
TSUNAMI
GROUND SUBSIDENCE
Understanding Disasters
R=HxVxE
(c)
1. What is the hazard?
2. What are vulnerabilities?
3. What elements are at risk?
4. What constitute capacities?
5. Which one is the most at risk
Fire is chemical reaction accompanied by
the evolution of light and heat.
CLASSIFICATION OF FIRE
CLASS A FIRES
Defined as fires involving ordinary
combustible materials, such as wood, cloth,
paper, and other solid burnable fuel.
CLASS B FIRES
Defined as fires involving flammable
petroleum products such as gasoline,
kerosene, diesel, and other flammable
liquids.
CLASS C FIRES
Defined as fires involving electrical
equipment where the electrical non
conductivity of the extinguishing agent is of
first importance.
CLASS D FIRES
Defined as fires involving combustible
metals such as titanium, zirconium, sodium,
and potassium.
CLASS K FIRES
• Fires involving combustible vegetable or
animal non-saturated cooking fats in
commercial cooking equipment.
METHODS OF PUTTING OF FIRE
• STARVATION
Taking out of fuel from the fire triangle.
• SMOTHERING
Taking out of oxygen from the fire triangle .
Another term used in this procedure is
blanketing .
• COOLING
Removing heat from the fire triangle
• INHIBITION OF CHEMICAL CHAIN
REACTION
How to use a fire extinguisher
Pull the pin at the top of the extinguisher
that keeps the handle from being
accidentally pressed.
Aim the nozzle toward the base of the fire.
Squeeze the handle to discharge the
extinguisher. If you release the handle, the
discharge will stop
Sweep the nozzle back and forth at the
base of the fire. Watch carefully for re-
ignition.
INCIDENT REPORTING
1. (Who) Identify yourself.
2. (What) Identify the nature of call.
3. (Where) State the exact address/
location.
4. (When) State the exact time and date.
5. (How) State the additional information
which may be relevant to the incident.
6. Give your contact number to the other
party to return your call in case the need
arises.
7. Wait for the other party to put down
his/her phone first before putting down
yours
TYPHOON
A typhoon forms when winds blow into
areas of the ocean where the water is
warm. These winds collect moisture and
rise, while colder air moves in below. This
creates pressure, which causes the winds to
move very quickly. The winds rotate, or
spin, around a center called an eye.
FLOOD
is the condition that occurs when water
overflows the natural or Artificial confines of
a stream or body of water, or when run-off
from heavy rainfall accumulates over low-
lying areas.
WHEN WARNED OF FLOOD
Watch for rapidly rising waters.
 Listen to your radio for emergency
instructions.
 If necessary, evacuate to a safe area
before access is cutoff by flood waters.
 Store drinking water in containers, water
service may be interrupted.
 Move household belongings to higher
levels.
 Get livestock to higher ground.
 Turn off electricity at the main switch in the
building before evacuating and also lock
your house
BEFORE THE FLOOD
 Find out the frequency of occurrence of
flood in your locality.
 All family members must know the flood
warning system in your community.
 Keep informed of daily weather condition.
 Inquire on designated evacuation areas
for families and livestock.
 Keep a transistorized radio and flashlight
with spare batteries.
 Store supplies and other household
effects above expected flood water level.
 Securely anchor weak dwellings and
items.
DURING THE FLOOD
 Avoid areas subject to sudden flooding.
 Do not attempt to cross rivers of flowing
streams where water is above the knee.
 Beware of water-covered roads and
bridges.  Do not go swimming or boating
in swollen rivers.
 Eat only well-cooked food. Protect left-
over against contamination.
 Drink clean or preferably boiled water
ONLY.
AFTER THE FLOOD
o Do not turn on the main switch or use
appliances and other equipment until they
have been checked by a competent
electrician.
o If necessary, consult health authorities for
immunization requirements.
o Do not go “sight-seeing “ in disaster
areas. Your presence might hamper rescue
and other emergency operations.
o Re-enter dwellings with caution using
flashlights, not lanterns or torches. There
may be flammable materials inside.
o Be alert of fire hazards like broken wires.
After the flood continuation…
• Do not eat food or drink water until they
have been checked for flood water
contamination.
• Report broken utility lines (electricity,
water, gas and telephone) to appropriate
agencies/authorities
EMERGENCY HOTLINES
Note: Kindly get the contact numbers of the
following agencies to serve as your
emergency hotlines
Barangay Disaster Risk Reduction and
Management Council
City Disaster Risk Reduction and
Management Council
Nearest Hospital
City or Barangay Emergency Medical
Services Nearest Police Station
Fire Department
VECO/CEBECO or its equivalent name in
your locality
 MCWD or its equivalent name in your
locality
EARTHQUAKES
are earth’s vibrations produced when the
stability of rock masses under the surface of
the earth is disturbed. These disturbances
usually occur along existing fault lines or
zones of structural weaknesses.
BEFORE… The key to effective prevention
is PLANNING.
– Do the Non-Structural Mitigation 
Suspended ceilings  Light Fixtures 
Windows  Furnitures
 Kitchen Cabinets
 Computers
 Appliances
 Display Cabinets
– Do the Structural Mitigation
- Determine whether the site is along the
active fault and/ or prone to liquefaction or
landslide which may cause damage to your
house or building.
- Be sure that proper structural design and
engineering practice is followed when
constructing a house or a building.
Evaluate the structural soundness of
building and important infrastructures;
strengthen or retrofit if necessary
• Prepare your place of works and
residence for the event.
– Strap heavy furniture, cabinets to the wall
to prevent sliding or toppling.
– Breakable items, harmful chemicals and
flammable materials should be stored in the
lower most shelves and secure firmly
– Make it a habit to turn off gas tanks when
not in use.
• Most causes of injuries during
earthquakes are from falling objects.
 – heavy materials should be kept in lower
shelves.
– check the stability of hanging objects
which may break loose and fall during
earthquakes.
– Prepare and maintain an earthquake
survival kit consisting of a battery powered
radios, flashlight, first aid kit, potable water,
candles, ready-to-eat foods, whistle and
dust mask.
DURING…
• If you are inside a structurally sound
building, stay there!
– Protect your body from falling debris by
bracing yourself in a doorway or by getting
under a sturdy table or desk.
• If you are outside, move to an open area.
–Get away from power lines, post walls and
other structures.
– Stay away from building with glass
panes. When driving a vehicle.
– pull to the side of the road and stop
– park away from bridges, overpasses,
overhead wires, post which may fall on the
vehicle
If you are along the shore and you feel a
very strong earthquake.
- Run away from the shore towards a higher
grounds.
AFTER…
If you are inside an old, weak structure,
take the fastest and safest way out!
– Do not rush to the exit, get out calmly in
an orderly manner.
– Do not use elevators use the stairs.
– Check yourself and others for injuries –
Clean up chemical spills, toxic and
flammable materials to avoid any chain of
unwanted events.
– Check for fire and if any, have it
controlled. Check your surroundings.
AFTER…
– Check your water and electrical lines for
defects.
If any damage is suspected, turn the
system off in the main valve or switch.
Check your surroundings.
AFTER…
If you must evacuate your residence, leave
a message stating where you are going .
– Take with you your earthquake survival kit
which should contain all necessary items for
your protection.
PHASES OF AN EARTHQUAKE DRILL
Phase 1 - Alarm - during the drill, the
siren/bell indicates earthquake/shaking.
 Phase 2 - Response - everyone should
perform “duck, cover and hold” under desks,
tables or chairs. Remain in this position until
the “shaking” stops.
 Phase 3 - Evacuation - once the “shaking”
stops, teachers and students should
evacuate the school building and proceed
using pre-determined routes to go to
identified evacuation areas.
 Phase 4 - Assembly - at the designated
evacuation area, students must be grouped
together according to the class where they
belong.
 Phase 5 - Head Count - teachers should
check and make sure all students are
accounted for.  Phase 6 - Evaluation - an
evaluation of the drill must be conducted to
identify problems encountered during the
drill and how this can be corrected in.