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Mis 5 5Th Edition Bidgoli Test Bank Full Chapter PDF
Mis 5 5Th Edition Bidgoli Test Bank Full Chapter PDF
TRUE/FALSE
Answer: False
Chapter Learning Outcome: 8.1: Define e-commerce and describe its advantages, disadvantages, and
business models.
Topic: Defining E-Commerce
BUSPROG: Technology
Bloom’s: Remember
Difficulty Level: Easy
Page: 163
Feedback: E-commerce is part of e-business. However, the two terms are often used interchangeably.
2. E-business includes transactions that generate demand for goods and services.
Answer: True
Chapter Learning Outcome: 8.1: Define e-commerce and describe its advantages, disadvantages, and
business models.
Topic: Defining E-Commerce
BUSPROG: Technology
Bloom’s: Remember
Difficulty Level: Easy
Page: 163
Feedback: E-business includes not only transactions that center on buying and selling goods and services
to generate revenue but also transactions that generate demand for goods and services, offer sales support
and customer service, and facilitate communication between business partners.
3. E-commerce builds on traditional commerce by adding the flexibility that networks offer and the
availability of the Internet.
Answer: True
Chapter Learning Outcome: 8.1: Define e-commerce and describe its advantages, disadvantages, and
business models.
Topic: Defining E-Commerce
BUSPROG: Technology
Bloom’s: Remember
Difficulty Level: Easy
Page: 163
Feedback: E-commerce builds on traditional commerce by adding the flexibility that networks offer and
the availability of the Internet.
4. Outbound logistics includes tasks associated with receiving, storing, and converting raw materials to
finished goods.
Answer: False
Chapter Learning Outcome: 8.1: Define e-commerce and describe its advantages, disadvantages, and
business models.
Topic: Defining E-Commerce
BUSPROG: Technology
Bloom’s: Remember
Difficulty Level: Easy
Page: 164
Feedback: Outbound logistics includes tasks associated with moving and storing products, from the end
of the production line to end users or distribution centers.
5. Each activity in a value chain adds cost and value to a product or service delivered to a customer.
Answer: True
Chapter Learning Outcome: 8.1: Define e-commerce and describe its advantages, disadvantages, and
business models.
Topic: Defining E-Commerce
BUSPROG: Technology
Bloom’s: Remember
Difficulty Level: Easy
Page: 164
Feedback: Each activity in a value chain adds cost and value to a product or service delivered to a
customer.
6. E-commerce, its applications, and its supporting technologies are an example of using Porter’s value
chain concept.
Answer: True
Chapter Learning Outcome: 8.1: Define e-commerce and describe its advantages, disadvantages, and
business models.
Topic: Defining E-Commerce
BUSPROG: Technology
Bloom’s: Remember
Difficulty Level: Easy
Page: 165
Feedback: E-commerce, its applications, and its supporting technologies are an example of using Porter’s
value chain concept.
Answer: False
Chapter Learning Outcome: 8.1: Define e-commerce and describe its advantages, disadvantages, and
business models.
Topic: Defining E-Commerce
BUSPROG: Technology
Bloom’s: Remember
Difficulty Level: Easy
Page: 165
Feedback: Although the goal of e-commerce and traditional commerce is the same—selling products and
services to generate profit—they do it quite differently.
8. Companies that provide click-and-brick e-commerce still struggle to incorporate online interaction.
Answer: False
Chapter Learning Outcome: 8.1: Define e-commerce and describe its advantages, disadvantages, and
business models.
Topic: Defining E-Commerce
BUSPROG: Technology
Bloom’s: Remember
Difficulty Level: Easy
Page: 165
Feedback: Companies that provide click-and-brick e-commerce capitalize on the advantages of online
interaction with their customers yet retain the benefits of having a physical store location.
Answer: False
Chapter Learning Outcome: 8.1: Define e-commerce and describe its advantages, disadvantages, and
business models.
Topic: Defining E-Commerce
BUSPROG: Technology
Bloom’s: Remember
Difficulty Level: Easy
Page: 166
Feedback: E-commerce provides product acknowledgements through e-mail, Web sites, and electronic
data interchange (EDI).
10. The use of the Internet and e-commerce applications to gain a competitive advantage is restricted to
multinational companies.
Answer: False
Chapter Learning Outcome: 8.1: Define e-commerce and describe its advantages, disadvantages, and
business models.
Topic: Defining E-Commerce
BUSPROG: Technology
Bloom’s: Remember
Difficulty Level: Easy
Page: 166
Feedback: Businesses of all sizes use the Internet and e-commerce applications to gain a competitive
edge.
11. In the subscription model, an organization uses e-commerce sites to sell digital products and services.
Answer: True
Chapter Learning Outcome: 8.1: Define e-commerce and describe its advantages, disadvantages, and
business models.
Topic: Defining E-Commerce
BUSPROG: Technology
Bloom’s: Remember
Difficulty Level: Easy
Page: 167
Feedback: Using the subscription model, e-commerce sites sell digital products or services to customers.
For example, the Wall Street Journal and Consumer Reports offer online subscriptions, and antivirus
vendors use this model to distribute their software and updates.
12. Companies use business-to-business (B2B) e-commerce applications for purchase orders.
Answer: True
Chapter Learning Outcome: 8.2: Explain the major categories of e-commerce.
Topic: Major Categories of E-Commerce
BUSPROG: Technology
Bloom’s: Remember
Difficulty Level: Easy
Page: 169
Feedback: Companies use B2B e-commerce applications for purchase orders, invoices, inventory status,
shipping logistics, business contracts, and other operations.
13. Government and nonbusiness organizations refrain from using e-commerce applications.
Answer: False
Chapter Learning Outcome: 8.2: Explain the major categories of e-commerce.
Topic: Major Categories of E-Commerce
BUSPROG: Technology
Bloom’s: Remember
Difficulty Level: Easy
Page: 169
Feedback: Many government and other nonbusiness organizations use e-commerce applications,
including the Department of Defense, the Internal Revenue Service, and the Department of Treasury.
14. Universities are an example of nonbusiness organizations that use e-commerce applications.
Answer: True
Chapter Learning Outcome: 8.2: Explain the major categories of e-commerce.
Topic: Major Categories of E-Commerce
BUSPROG: Technology
Bloom’s: Remember
Difficulty Level: Easy
Page: 170
Feedback: Universities are an example of nonbusiness organizations that use e-commerce applications;
for example, many universities use Web technologies for online classes, registration, and grade reporting.
15. E-commerce activities that take place via an organization’s intranet are part of the business-to-
consumer (B2C) e-commerce model.
Answer: False
Chapter Learning Outcome: 8.2: Explain the major categories of e-commerce.
Topic: Major Categories of E-Commerce
BUSPROG: Technology
Bloom’s: Remember
Difficulty Level: Easy
Page: 170
Feedback: E-commerce activities that take place via an organization’s intranet are not part of the nine
major categories of e-commerce. However, they do support overall e-business activities.
16. The fulfillment function of the business-to-consumer (B2C) e-commerce cycle is responsible for
delivering products or services to customers.
Answer: True
Chapter Learning Outcome: 8.3: Describe the business-to-consumer e-commerce cycle.
Topic: B2C E-Commerce Cycle
BUSPROG: Technology
Bloom’s: Remember
Difficulty Level: Easy
Page: 170
Feedback: The fulfillment function of the business-to-consumer (B2C) e-commerce cycle is responsible
for delivering products or services to customers. Delivering products or services to customers varies,
depending on whether physical products (books, videos, CDs) or digital products (software, music, and
electronic documents) are being delivered.
17. Service and support are more important in traditional commerce than in e-commerce.
Answer: False
Chapter Learning Outcome: 8.3: Describe the business-to-consumer e-commerce cycle.
Topic: B2C E-Commerce Cycle
BUSPROG: Technology
Bloom’s: Remember
Difficulty Level: Easy
Page: 171
Feedback: Service and support are even more important in e-commerce than in traditional commerce,
given that e-commerce companies do not have a physical location to help maintain current customers.
18. Large corporations, such as General Electric or Boeing, as well as consortiums of several large
companies use the buyer-side marketplace model.
Answer: True
Chapter Learning Outcome: 8.4: Summarize the major models of business-to-business e-commerce.
Topic: B2B E-Commerce: A Second Look
BUSPROG: Technology
Bloom’s: Remember
Difficulty Level: Easy
Page: 173
Feedback: Large corporations (such as General Electric or Boeing) as well as consortiums of large
companies use the buyer-side marketplace model.
19. The third-party exchange market-place model is controlled by sellers and buyers.
Answer: False
Chapter Learning Outcome: 8.4: Summarize the major models of business-to-business e-commerce.
Topic: B2B E-Commerce: A Second Look
BUSPROG: Technology
Bloom’s: Remember
Difficulty Level: Easy
Page: 173
Feedback: The third-party exchange market-place model is not controlled by sellers or buyers. Instead, it
is controlled by a third party, and the marketplace generates revenue from the fees charged for matching
buyers and sellers.
20. The buyer-side marketplace offers suppliers a direct channel of communication to buyers through
online storefronts.
Answer: False
Chapter Learning Outcome: 8.4: Summarize the major models of business-to-business e-commerce.
Topic: B2B E-Commerce: A Second Look
BUSPROG: Technology
Bloom’s: Remember
Difficulty Level: Easy
Page: 173
Feedback: The third-party exchange market-place model offers suppliers a direct channel of
communication to buyers through online storefronts.
21. The main advantage of HTML over XML is that a user can assign data-type definitions to information
on a page.
Answer: False
Chapter Learning Outcome: 8.4: Summarize the major models of business-to-business e-commerce.
Topic: B2B E-Commerce: A Second Look
BUSPROG: Technology
Bloom’s: Remember
Difficulty Level: Easy
Page: 173
Feedback: The main advantage of ebXML or XML over HTML is that a user can assign data-type
definitions to information on a page so Web browsers select only the data requested in a search.
22. Wireless wide area networks (WWANs), 3G, and 4G networks support m-commerce applications.
Answer: True
Chapter Learning Outcome: 8.5: Describe mobile-based and voice-based e-commerce.
Topic: Mobile and Voice-Based E-Commerce
BUSPROG: Technology
Bloom’s: Remember
Difficulty Level: Easy
Page: 174
Feedback: Supporting technologies for m-commerce applications include wireless wide area networks
(WWANs) and 3G and 4G networks as well as short-range wireless communication technologies, such as
Wi-Fi, WiMAX, Bluetooth, and RFID.
23. Short-range wireless communication technologies are incompatible with m-commerce applications.
Answer: False
Chapter Learning Outcome: 8.5: Describe mobile-based and voice-based e-commerce.
Topic: Mobile and Voice-Based E-Commerce
BUSPROG: Technology
Bloom’s: Remember
Difficulty Level: Easy
Page: 174
Feedback: Supporting technologies for m-commerce applications include wireless wide area networks
(WWANs) and 3G and 4G networks as well as short-range wireless communication technologies, such as
Wi-Fi, WiMAX, Bluetooth, and RFID.
Answer: True
Chapter Learning Outcome: 8.5: Describe mobile-based and voice-based e-commerce.
Topic: Mobile and Voice-Based E-Commerce
BUSPROG: Technology
Bloom’s: Remember
Difficulty Level: Easy
Page: 174
Feedback: One method of conducting voice-based e-commerce is using e-wallets or virtual wallets.
25. A smart card is about the size of a credit card and contains an embedded microprocessor chip for
storing important financial and personal information.
Answer: True
Chapter Learning Outcome: 8.6: Explain three supporting technologies for e-commerce.
Topic: E-Commerce Supporting Technologies
BUSPROG: Technology
Bloom’s: Remember
Difficulty Level: Easy
Page: 175
Feedback: A smart card is about the size of a credit card and contains an embedded microprocessor chip
for storing important financial and personal information.
Answer: False
Chapter Learning Outcome: 8.6: Explain three supporting technologies for e-commerce.
Topic: E-Commerce Supporting Technologies
BUSPROG: Technology
Bloom’s: Remember
Difficulty Level: Easy
Page: 175
Feedback: E-wallets are available for most handheld devices. They store personal and financial
information, such as credit card numbers, passwords, and PINs.
27. Micropayments are transactions on the Web involving very large amounts of money.
Answer: False
Chapter Learning Outcome: 8.6: Explain three supporting technologies for e-commerce.
Topic: Mobile and Voice-Based E-Commerce
BUSPROG: Technology
Bloom’s: Remember
Difficulty Level: Easy
Page: 175
Feedback: Micropayments are transactions on the Web involving very small amounts of money.
28. The World Wide Web Consortium has canceled support for micropayments.
Answer: True
Chapter Learning Outcome: 8.6: Explain three supporting technologies for e-commerce.
Topic: E-Commerce Supporting Technologies
BUSPROG: Technology
Bloom’s: Remember
Difficulty Level: Easy
Page: 175–176
Feedback: The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C; www.w3c.org), which defines standards for Web-
related technologies, has canceled support for micropayments and is no longer working on standards for
them.
Answer: False
Chapter Learning Outcome: 8.6:Explain three supporting technologies for e-commerce.
Topic: E-Commerce Supporting Technologies
BUSPROG: Technology
Bloom’s: Remember
Difficulty Level: Easy
Page: 177
Feedback: Pop-under ads are less intrusive than pop-up ads.
30. Optimizing a Web site involves editing a site’s content and HTML code to increase its relevance to
specific keywords.
Answer: True
Chapter Learning Outcome: 8.6: Explain three supporting technologies for e-commerce.
Topic: E-Commerce Supporting Technologies
BUSPROG: Technology
Bloom’s: Remember
Difficulty Level: Easy
Page: 178
Feedback: Optimizing a Web site involves editing a site’s contents and HTML code to increase its
relevance to specific keywords.
MULTIPLE CHOICE
2. Which of the following primary activities in a value chain involves moving and storing products, from
the end of the production line to end users or distribution centers?
a. Inbound logistics c. Operations
b. Outbound logistics d. Service
Answer: B
Chapter Learning Outcome: 8.1: Define e-commerce and describe its advantages, disadvantages, and
business models.
Topic: Defining E-commerce
BUSPROG: Technology
Bloom’s: Remember
Difficulty Level: Easy
Page: 164
Feedback: Outbound logistics involves moving and storing products, from the end of the production line
to end users or distribution centers.
4. Which of the following primary activities in a value chain involves processing raw materials into
finished goods and services?
a. Operations c. Procurement
b. Service d. Logistics
Answer: A
Chapter Learning Outcome: 8.1: Define e-commerce and describe its advantages, disadvantages, and
business models.
Topic: Defining E-commerce
BUSPROG: Technology
Bloom’s: Remember
Difficulty Level: Easy
Page: 164
Feedback: Operations involves processing raw materials into finished goods and services.
5. Which of the following primary activities in a value chain involves movement of materials and parts
from suppliers and vendors to production or storage facilities?
a. Service c. Operations
b. Outbound logistics d. Inbound logistics
Answer: D
Chapter Learning Outcome: 8.1: Define e-commerce and describe its advantages, disadvantages, and
business models.
Topic: Defining E-commerce
BUSPROG: Technology
Bloom’s: Remember
Difficulty Level: Easy
Page: 164
Feedback: Inbound logistics involves movement of materials and parts from suppliers and vendors to
production or storage facilities
8. _____ means all market participants can trade at the same price.
a. Price discrimination c. Price bundling
b. Price transparency d. Price skimming
Answer: B
Chapter Learning Outcome: 8.1: Define e-commerce and describe its advantages, disadvantages, and
business models.
Topic: Defining E-commerce
BUSPROG: Technology
Bloom’s: Remember
Difficulty Level: Easy
Page: 166
Feedback: One of the advantages of e-commerce includes creating “price transparency,” meaning all
market participants can trade at the same price.
9. The _____ model transfers the old retail model to the e-commerce world by using the medium of the
Internet.
a. merchant c. advertising
b. brokerage d. informediary
Answer: A
Chapter Learning Outcome: 8.1: Define e-commerce and describe its advantages, disadvantages, and
business models.
Topic: Defining E-commerce
BUSPROG: Technology
Bloom’s: Remember
Difficulty Level: Easy
Page: 167
Feedback: The merchant model of e-commerce transfers the old retail model to the e-commerce world by
using the medium of the Internet.
10. Using the _____ model brings sellers and buyers together on the Web and collects commissions on
transactions between these parties.
a. merchant c. advertising
b. brokerage d. informediary
Answer: B
Chapter Learning Outcome: 8.1: Define e-commerce and describe its advantages, disadvantages, and
business models.
Topic: Defining E-commerce
BUSPROG: Technology
Bloom’s: Remember
Difficulty Level: Easy
Page: 167
Feedback: Using the brokerage model brings sellers and buyers together on the Web and collects
commissions on transactions between these parties. The best example of this model is an online auction
site, such as eBay (www.ebay.com), DealDash (www.dealdash.com), or QuiBids (www.quibids.com).
11. E-commerce sites that use the _____ model collect data on consumers and businesses and then sell
this data to other companies for marketing purposes.
a. brokerage c. informediary
b. merchant d. subscription
Answer: C
Chapter Learning Outcome: 8.1: Define e-commerce and describe its advantages, disadvantages, and
business models.
Topic: Defining E-commerce
BUSPROG: Technology
Bloom’s: Remember
Difficulty Level: Easy
Page: 167
Feedback: E-commerce sites that use the informediary model collect information on consumers and
businesses and then sell this information to other companies for marketing purposes. For example, Bizrate
(bizrate.com) collects information about the performance of other sites and sells this information to
advertisers.
13. Buyeasy Inc., an online retail store, sells all its products exclusively through its online application,
buyeasy.com, which is also available on mobiles. Buyeasy is an example of a _____.
a. brick-and-mortar company c. third-party broker
b. pure-play company d. physical storefront
Answer: B
Chapter Learning Outcome: 8.2: Explain the major categories of e-commerce.
Topic: Major Categories of E-Commerce
BUSPROG: Technology
Bloom’s: Apply
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Page: 168
Feedback: Companies that rely exclusively on the Web to distribute their products are referred to as pure-
play companies.
14. Crisis response is an example of a _____ e-government application.
a. government-to-citizen (G2C) c. government-to-government (G2G)
b. government-to-business (G2B) d. government-to-employee (G2E)
Answer: C
Chapter Learning Outcome: 8.2: Explain the major categories of e-commerce.
Topic: Major Categories of E-Commerce
BUSPROG: Technology
Bloom’s: Remember
Difficulty Level: Easy
Page: 169
Feedback: Crisis response is an example of a government-to-government (G2G) e-government
application.
16. Online auction sites that involve business transactions between users of products and services are
examples of _____ e-commerce.
a. consumer-to-consumer (C2C) c. business-to-business (B2B)
b. consumer-to-business (C2B) d. business-to-consumer (B2C)
Answer: A
Chapter Learning Outcome: 8.2: Explain the major categories of e-commerce.
Topic: Major Categories of E-Commerce
BUSPROG: Technology
Bloom’s: Remember
Difficulty Level: Easy
Page: 169
Feedback: Consumer-to-consumer (C2C) e-commerce involves business transactions between users, such
as when consumers sell to other consumers via the Internet. When people use online classified ads (e.g.,
Craigslist) or online auction sites (e.g., eBay), that is consumer-to-consumer (C2C) e-commerce.
17. _____ is the first activity to be involved in a typical business-to-consumer (B2C) cycle.
a. Fulfillment c. Service and Support
b. Information sharing d. Payment
Answer: B
Chapter Learning Outcome: 8.3: Describe the business-to-consumer e-commerce cycle.
Topic: B2C E-Commerce Cycle
BUSPROG: Technology
Bloom’s: Remember
Difficulty Level: Easy
Page: 170–171
Feedback: The activities of a business-to-consumer (B2C) company are most likely to begin with the
company sharing information with the consumers.
18. Service and support are even more important in e-commerce than in traditional commerce because e-
commerce companies:
a. do not have a physical location to help c. do not focus their operations in different
maintain current customers. parts of a value chain.
b. spend more on attracting new customers d. rarely cut out the middleman in the link
than on maintaining current customers. between suppliers and consumers.
Answer: A
Chapter Learning Outcome: 8.3: Describe the business-to-consumer e-commerce cycle.
Topic: B2C E-Commerce Cycle
BUSPROG: Technology
Bloom’s: Understand
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Page: 171
Feedback: Service and support are even more important in e-commerce than in traditional commerce,
given that e-commerce companies do not have a physical location to help maintain current customers.
19. The main objectives of _____ are to prevent purchases from suppliers that are not on the approved list
of sellers and eliminate the processing costs of purchases.
a. horizontal markets c. third-party exchange marketplaces
b. e-procurement d. trading partner agreements
Answer: B
Chapter Learning Outcome: 8.4: Summarize the major models of business-to-business e-commerce.
Topic: B2B E-Commerce: A Second Look
BUSPROG: Technology
Bloom’s: Remember
Difficulty Level: Easy
Page: 172
Feedback: The main objectives of e- procurement are to prevent purchases from suppliers that are not on
the approved list of sellers and eliminate the processing costs of purchases.
20. A _____ generates revenue from the fees charged for matching buyers and sellers.
a. seller-side marketplace c. third-party exchange marketplace
b. buyer-side marketplace d. trading partner agreement
Answer: C
Chapter Learning Outcome: 8.4: Summarize the major models of business-to-business e-commerce.
Topic: B2B E-Commerce: A Second Look
BUSPROG: Technology
Bloom’s: Remember
Difficulty Level: Easy
Page: 173
Feedback: The third-party exchange market-place model is not controlled by sellers or buyers. Instead, it
is controlled by a third party, and the marketplace generates revenue from the fees charged for matching
buyers and sellers.
21. A(n) _____ market concentrates on a specific function or business process and automates this
function or process for different industries.
a. vertical c. symmetric
b. horizontal d. asymmetric
Answer: B
Chapter Learning Outcome: 8.4: Summarize the major models of business-to-business e-commerce.
Topic: B2B E-Commerce: A Second Look
BUSPROG: Technology
Bloom’s: Remember
Difficulty Level: Easy
Page: 173
Feedback: A horizontal market concentrates on a specific function or business process and automates this
function or process for different industries. Employee-benefits administration and media buying are
examples of horizontal markets.
22. In the _____ model, a group of buyers opens an electronic marketplace and invites sellers to bid on
announced products or make a request for quotation (RFQ).
a. seller-side marketplace c. third-party exchange market-place
b. buyer-side marketplace d. trading partner agreements
Answer: B
Chapter Learning Outcome: 8.4: Summarize the major models of business-to-business e-commerce.
Topic: B2B E-Commerce: A Second Look
BUSPROG: Technology
Bloom’s: Remember
Difficulty Level: Easy
Page: 173
Feedback: In the buyer-side marketplace model, a group of buyers opens an electronic marketplace and
invites sellers to bid on announced products or make a request for quotation (RFQ).
23. By participating in _____ marketplaces, sellers can automate the fulfillment function of business-to-
business (B2B) e-commerce.
a. third-party c. buyer-side
b. seller-side d. trading partner
Answer: C
Chapter Learning Outcome: 8.4: Summarize the major models of business-to-business e-commerce.
Topic: B2B E-Commerce: A Second Look
BUSPROG: Technology
Bloom’s: Remember
Difficulty Level: Easy
Page: 173
Feedback: By participating in buyer-side marketplaces, sellers can automate the fulfillment function of
business-to-business (B2B) e-commerce.
26. Which of the following is true about mobile commerce (m-commerce) applications?
a. They are supported by short-range c. They are incompatible with 3G and 4G
wireless communication technologies. networks.
b. They predominantly rely on voice d. They are based on wired protocols.
recognition and text-to-speech
technologies.
Answer: A
Chapter Learning Outcome: 8.5: Describe mobile-based and voice-based e-commerce.
Topic: Mobile and Voice-Based E-Commerce
BUSPROG: Technology
Bloom’s: Understand
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Page: 174
Feedback: Supporting technologies for m-commerce applications include wireless wide area networks
(WWANs) and 3G and 4G networks as well as short-range wireless communication technologies, such as
Wi-Fi, WiMAX, Bluetooth, and RFID.
28. An _____ is a secure, convenient, and portable tool for online shopping that stores personal and
financial information, such as credit card numbers, passwords, and PINs.
a. e-cash c. e-check
b. e-wallet d. e-paper
Answer: B
Chapter Learning Outcome: 8.6: Explain three supporting technologies for e-commerce.
Topic: E-Commerce Supporting Technologies
BUSPROG: Technology
Bloom’s: Remember
Difficulty Level: Easy
Page: 175
Feedback: E-wallets (virtual wallets), which are available for most handheld devices, offer a secure,
convenient, and portable tool for online shopping. They store personal and financial information, such as
credit card numbers, passwords, and PINs.
29. _____ is a popular online payment system used on many online auction sites.
a. E-cash c. PayPal
b. E-wallet d. Smart card
Answer: C
Chapter Learning Outcome: 8.6: Explain three supporting technologies for e-commerce.
Topic: E-Commerce Supporting Technologies
BUSPROG: Technology
Bloom’s: Remember
Difficulty Level: Easy
Page: 175
Feedback: PayPal is a popular online payment system used for many online transactions. Users with valid
e-mail addresses can set up PayPal accounts and make secure payments for online transactions using their
credit cards or bank accounts.
30. Which of the following terms describes one user viewing one ad?
a. Page view c. Ad impression
b. Pop-up d. Ad view
Answer: C
Chapter Learning Outcome: 8.6: Explain three supporting technologies for e-commerce.
Topic: E-Commerce Supporting Technologies
BUSPROG: Technology
Bloom’s: Remember
Difficulty Level: Easy
Page: 176
Feedback: The term ad impression describes one user viewing one ad.
31. Which of the following terms is computed by dividing the number of clicks an ad gets by the total
impressions bought?
a. Cost per click (CPC) c. Click-through rate (CTR)
b. Cost per thousand (CPM) d. Cost per impression rate (CPI)
Answer: C
Chapter Learning Outcome: 8.6: Explain three supporting technologies for e-commerce.
Topic: E-Commerce Supporting Technologies
BUSPROG: Technology
Bloom’s: Remember
Difficulty Level: Easy
Page: 176
Feedback: Click-through rate (CTR) is computed by dividing the number of clicks an ad gets by the total
impressions bought. For example, if an advertiser buys 100,000 impressions and gets 20,000 clicks, the
CTR is 20 percent (20,000/100,000).
32. _____ display ads appear on top of a browser window, blocking the user’s view.
a. Pop-under c. Floating
b. Pop-up d. Banner
Answer: B
Chapter Learning Outcome: 8.6: Explain three supporting technologies for e-commerce.
Topic: E-Commerce Supporting Technologies
BUSPROG: Technology
Bloom’s: Remember
Difficulty Level: Easy
Page: 177
Feedback: Pop-up display ads appear on top of a browser window, blocking the user’s view.
33. A(n) _____ is an artificial intelligence application that can be used for Web marketing.
a. intelligent agent c. computational intelligence
b. splash screen d. neural network
Answer: A
Chapter Learning Outcome: 8.6: Explain three supporting technologies for e-commerce.
Topic: E-Commerce Supporting Technologies
BUSPROG: Technology
Bloom’s: Remember
Difficulty Level: Easy
Page: 177
Feedback: Intelligent agents are an artificial intelligence application that can be used for Web marketing.
For example, product-brokering agents can alert customers about a new product.
34. With _____ technology, information is sent to users based on their previous inquiries, interests, or
specifications.
a. pull c. really simple syndication
b. push d. smartcard
Answer: B
Chapter Learning Outcome: 8.6: Explain three supporting technologies for e-commerce.
Topic: E-Commerce Supporting Technologies
BUSPROG: Technology
Bloom’s: Remember
Difficulty Level: Easy
Page: 177
Feedback: Push technology is the opposite of pull technology, in which users search the Web to find
(pull) information. With push technology, information is sent to users based on their previous inquiries,
interests, or specifications.
35. _____ is a method for improving the volume or quality of traffic to a Web site.
a. Value chain analysis c. Packet switching
b. Search engine optimization d. Social engineering
Answer: B
Chapter Learning Outcome: 8.6: Explain three supporting technologies for e-commerce.
Topic: E-Commerce Supporting Technologies
BUSPROG: Technology
Bloom’s: Remember
Difficulty Level: Easy
Page: 177
Feedback: Search engine optimization (SEO) is a method for improving the volume or quality of traffic to
a Web site.
36. A Web page displayed when a user first visits a site is called a(n) _____.
a. ad impression c. splash screen
b. cookie d. page view
Answer: C
Chapter Learning Outcome: 8.6: Explain three supporting technologies for e-commerce.
Topic: E-Commerce Supporting Technologies
BUSPROG: Technology
Bloom’s: Remember
Difficulty Level: Easy
Page: 177
Feedback: A Web page displayed when a user first visits a site is called a splash screen. It is designed to
capture the user’s attention and motivate the user to browse the site.
COMPLETION
1. _____ encompasses all the activities a company performs in selling and buying products and services,
using computers and communication technologies.
Answer: E-business
Chapter Learning Outcome: 8.1: Define e-commerce and describe its advantages, disadvantages, and
business models.
Topic: Defining E-Commerce
BUSPROG: Technology
Bloom’s: Remember
Difficulty Level: Easy
Page: 163
Feedback: E-business encompasses all the activities a company performs in selling and buying products
and services using computers and communication technologies.
2. _____ is buying and selling goods and services over the Internet.
Answer: E-commerce
Chapter Learning Outcome: 8.1: Define e-commerce and describe its advantages, disadvantages, and
business models.
Topic: Defining E-Commerce
BUSPROG: Technology
Bloom’s: Remember
Difficulty Level: Easy
Page: 163
Feedback: E-commerce is buying and selling goods and services over the Internet. In other words, e-
commerce is part of e-business.
3. The _____ concept introduced by Michael Porter consists of a series of activities designed to meet
business needs by adding value (or cost) in each phase of the e-commerce process.
Answer: Click-and-brick
Chapter Learning Outcome: 8.1: Define e-commerce and describe its advantages, disadvantages, and
business models.
Topic: Defining E-Commerce
BUSPROG: Technology
Bloom’s: Remember
Difficulty Level: Easy
Page: 165
Feedback: Many companies now operate as a mix of traditional commerce and e-commerce and have
some kind of e-commerce presence. These companies, referred to as click-and-brick e-commerce,
capitalize on the advantages of online interaction with their customers yet retain the benefits of having a
physical store location.
5. The _____ model of e-commerce is an extension of traditional marketing media, such as radio and
television.
Answer: advertising
Chapter Learning Outcome: 8.1: Define e-commerce and describe its advantages, disadvantages, and
business models.
Topic: Defining E-Commerce
BUSPROG: Technology
Bloom’s: Remember
Difficulty Level: Easy
Page: 167
Feedback: The advertising model of e-commerce is an extension of traditional advertising media, such as
radio and television.
6. The _____ is a widely used business model in e-commerce, which refers to generating revenue from
more than one source.
7. Electronic data interchange (EDI) and electronic funds transfer (EFT) are forms of _____ e-commerce
that have been around for many years.
8. Tax filing and payments, completing, submitting, and downloading forms, requests for records, and
online voter registration are all examples of _____ e-government.
9. A(n) _____ is the electronic version of a paper check that offers security, speed, and convenience for
online transactions.
Answer: e-check
Chapter Learning Outcome: 8.6: Explain three supporting technologies for e-commerce.
Topic: E-Commerce Supporting Technologies
BUSPROG: Technology
Bloom’s: Remember
Difficulty Level: Easy
Page: 175
Feedback: An e-check is the electronic version of a paper check that offers security, speed, and
convenience for online transactions.
10. A popular application of the _____ marketplace model, which is a major business-to-business (B2B)
e-commerce model, is e-procurement.
Answer: seller-side
Chapter Learning Outcome: 8.4: Summarize the major models of business-to-business e-commerce.
Topic: B2B E-Commerce: A Second Look
BUSPROG: Technology
Bloom’s: Remember
Difficulty Level: Easy
Page: 172
Feedback: A popular application of the seller-side marketplace model is e-procurement, which enables
employees in an organization to order and receive supplies and services directly from suppliers.
11. In a third-party exchange marketplace model, a(n) _____ market concentrates on a specific industry or
market.
Answer: vertical
Chapter Learning Outcome: 8.4: Summarize the major models of business-to-business e-commerce.
Topic: B2B E-Commerce: A Second Look
BUSPROG: Technology
Bloom’s: Remember
Difficulty Level: Easy
Page: 173
Feedback: A vertical market concentrates on a specific industry or market, such as the utilities industry,
the beef and dairy industries, and the sale of medical products.
12. The _____ of 1999 gives digital signatures the same legal validity as handwritten signatures.
Answer: Voice-based
Chapter Learning Outcome: 8.5: Describe mobile-based and voice-based e-commerce.
Topic: Mobile and Voice-Based E-Commerce
BUSPROG: Technology
Bloom’s: Remember
Difficulty Level: Easy
Page: 174
Feedback: Voice-based e-commerce relies on voice recognition and text-to-speech technologies that have
improved dramatically in the past decade.
14. _____, a secure and convenient alternative to bills and coins, complements credit, debit, and charge
cards and adds convenience and control to everyday cash transactions.
Answer: E-cash
Chapter Learning Outcome: 8.6: Explain three supporting technologies for e-commerce.
Topic: E-Commerce Supporting Technologies
BUSPROG: Technology
Bloom’s: Remember
Difficulty Level: Easy
Page: 175
Feedback: E-cash, a secure and convenient alternative to bills and coins, complements credit, debit, and
charge cards and adds convenience and control to everyday cash transactions.
15. The _____ is an HTML tag that provides information on the keywords that represent the contents of a
Web page.
SHORT ANSWER
Answer: The Internet can increase the speed and accuracy of communication between suppliers,
distributors, and customers. Moreover, the Internet’s low cost means companies of any size can take
advantage of value chain integration, which is the process of multiple companies in a shared market
working together to plan and manage the flow of goods, services, and information from manufacturers to
consumers. This process optimizes the value chain’s efficiency, thus creating a competitive advantage for
all companies involved.
Chapter Learning Outcome: 8.1: Define e-commerce and describe its advantages, disadvantages, and
business models.
Topic: Defining E-Commerce
BUSPROG: Technology
Bloom’s: Understand
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Page: 165
Answer: E-commerce can enhance a value chain by offering new ways to reduce costs or improve
operations, including the following:
a. Using e-mail rather than regular mail to notify customers of upcoming sales can reduce costs.
b. Selling to customers via the company Web site can generate new sources of revenue, particularly from
customers who live far away from the company’s headquarters or physical store.
c. Offering online customer service can make products or services more appealing to customers.
Chapter Learning Outcome: 8.1: Define e-commerce and describe its advantages, disadvantages, and
business models.
Topic: Defining E-Commerce
BUSPROG: Technology
Bloom’s: Understand
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Page: 165
Answer: Many companies now operate as a mix of traditional commerce and e-commerce, however, and
have some kind of e-commerce presence. These companies referred to as click-and-brick e-commerce,
capitalize on the advantages of online interaction with their customers yet retain the benefits of having a
physical store location. For example, customers can buy items from the company’s Web site but take
them to the physical store if they need to return items.
Chapter Learning Outcome: 8.1: Define e-commerce and describe its advantages, disadvantages, and
business models.
Topic: Defining E-Commerce
BUSPROG: Technology
Bloom’s: Understand
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Page: 165
Answer: E-commerce has the following disadvantages, although many of these should be eliminated or
reduced in the near future:
a. Bandwidth capacity problems (in certain parts of the world)
b. Security and privacy issues
c. Accessibility (not everybody is connected to the Web yet)
d. Acceptance (not everybody accepts this technology)
Chapter Learning Outcome: 8.1: Define e-commerce and describe its advantages, disadvantages, and
business models.
Topic: Defining E-Commerce
BUSPROG: Technology
Bloom’s: Understand
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Page: 166
Answer: The merchant model transfers the old retail model to the e-commerce world by using the
medium of the Internet. In the most common type of merchant model, an e-commerce company uses
Internet technologies and Web services to sell goods and services over the Web. Companies following
this model offer good customer service and lower prices to establish a presence on the Web. Amazon uses
this model, but traditional businesses, such as Dell, Cisco, and Hewlett-Packard, have adopted this model
to eliminate the middleman and reach new customers.
Chapter Learning Outcome: 8.1: Define e-commerce and describe its advantages, disadvantages, and
business models.
Topic: Defining E-Commerce
BUSPROG: Technology
Bloom’s: Understand
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Page: 167
Answer: Companies use business-to-business (B2B) applications for purchase orders, invoices, inventory
status, shipping logistics, business contracts, and other operations. These companies report millions of
dollars in savings by increasing transaction speed, reducing errors, and eliminating manual tasks.
7. Provide examples of organizational e-commerce activities that take place inside an organization.
Answer: Organizational e-commerce activities can include exchange of goods, services, or information
among employees. Other examples include conducting training programs and offering human resource
services. Some of these activities, although not specifically selling and buying, are considered supporting
activities in Porter’s value chain. For example, a human resources department supports the personnel
involved in producing and distributing a company’s products.
8. How does business-to-business (B2B) e-commerce lower production costs and improve accuracy?
Answer: Business-to-business (B2B) e-commerce lowers production costs and improves accuracy by
eliminating many labor-intensive tasks, such as creating invoices and tracking payments manually.
Chapter Learning Outcome: 8.4: Summarize the major models of business-to-business e-commerce.
Topic: B2B E-Commerce: A Second Look
BUSPROG: Technology
Bloom’s: Understand
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Page: 171
Answer: The main objectives of trading partner agreements are to automate negotiating processes and
enforce contracts between participating businesses. Using this model, business partners can send and
receive bids, contracts, and other information needed when offering and purchasing products and
services.
Chapter Learning Outcome: 8.4: Summarize the major models of business-to-business e-commerce.
Topic: B2B E-Commerce: A Second Look
BUSPROG: Technology
Bloom’s: Understand
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Page: 173
Answer: Micropayments are transactions on the Web involving very small amounts of money. They
began as a method for advertisers to pay for cost per view or cost per click, which is typically one-tenth of
a cent. Such fractional amounts are difficult to handle with traditional currency methods, and electronic
micropayments reduce the cost of handling them for financial institutions. Payment amounts are
accumulated for customers until they are large enough to offset the transaction fee, and then the account
deduction or charge is submitted to the bank.
Chapter Learning Outcome: 8.6: Explain three supporting technologies for e-commerce.
Topic: E-Commerce Supporting Technologies
BUSPROG: Technology
Bloom’s: Understand
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Page: 175
Answer: Most Web and e-mail advertising is priced based on the cost per thousand ad impressions (CPM,
where M stands for mille, which means thousand). For example, a $125 CPM means it costs $125 for
1000 ad impressions.
Chapter Learning Outcome: 8.6: Explain three supporting technologies for e-commerce.
Topic: E-Commerce Supporting Technologies
BUSPROG: Technology
Bloom’s: Understand
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Page: 176
Answer: Search engines and directories offer space that companies can purchase for advertising purposes.
Spots have an advantage over banner ads because their placement is permanent; banner ad placement can
change from visit to visit. However, spots can be more expensive than banner ads, especially on high-
traffic sites, such as Yahoo!.
Chapter Learning Outcome: 8.6: Explain three supporting technologies for e-commerce.
Topic: E-Commerce Supporting Technologies
BUSPROG: Technology
Bloom’s: Understand
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Page: 177
Answer: Any element of a Web page (including text, graphics, and interactive items) that is clicked
counts as a hit to a server. Hits are not the preferred unit of measurement for site traffic because the
number of hits per page can vary widely, depending on the number of graphics, type of browser used, and
page size.
Chapter Learning Outcome: 8.6: Explain three supporting technologies for e-commerce.
Topic: E-Commerce Supporting Technologies
BUSPROG: Technology
Bloom’s: Understand
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Page: 177
14. Why must organizations look at search engine optimization (SEO) as a method to be included in their
Web marketing campaigns?
Answer: A comprehensive Web marketing campaign should use a variety of methods, and SEO is a
method that can help improve business. Some companies offer SEO services. Unlike Web marketing
methods that involve paying for listings on search engines, SEO aims at increasing a Web site’s
performance on search engines in a natural (and free) fashion.
Chapter Learning Outcome: 8.6: Explain three supporting technologies for e-commerce.
Topic: E-Commerce Supporting Technologies
BUSPROG: Technology
Bloom’s: Understand
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Page: 177-178
Answer: The following are five common ways to optimize a Web site’s traffic:
a. Keywords: Decide on a few keywords that best describe the Web site and use them consistently
throughout the site’s contents.
b. Page title: Make sure the page title reflects the site and its contents accurately.
c. Inbound links: Get people to comment on the Web site, using one of the top keywords.
d. Content: Update the Web content regularly.
e. Links to others: Develop relationships with other Web sites.
Chapter Learning Outcome: 8.6: Explain three supporting technologies for e-commerce.
Topic: E-Commerce Supporting Technologies
BUSPROG: Technology
Bloom’s: Understand
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Page: 178
ESSAY
1. Describe business-to-consumer (B2C) e-commerce. Provide examples of companies that are involved
in this type of e-commerce and explain the difference between pure-play companies and brick-and-mortar
companies with an online sales presence.
Answer: A business-to-consumer (B2C) e-commerce company can use a variety of methods to share
information with its customers. Web sites, online catalogs, e-mail, online advertisements, video
conferencing, message boards, and newsgroups are some of the methods used. Customers can use
electronic forms or e-mail to order products from a B2C site.
Answer: Business-to-business (B2B) e-commerce lowers production costs and improves accuracy by
eliminating many labor-intensive tasks, such as creating invoices and tracking payments manually. In
addition, the information flow with business partners is improved by creating a direct online connection
in the supply chain network, which reduces delivery time. In other words, raw materials are received
faster, and information related to customers’ demands is transferred faster. Improved electronic
communication between business partners improves overall communication, which results in better
inventory management and control.
Chapter Learning Outcome: 8.4: Summarize the major models of business-to-business e-commerce.
Topic: B2B E-Commerce: A Second Look
BUSPROG: Technology
Bloom’s: Understand
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Page: 171
Chapter Learning Outcome: 8.4: Summarize the major models of business-to-business e-commerce.
Topic: B2B E-Commerce: A Second Look
BUSPROG: Technology
Bloom’s: Understand
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Page: 173
Answer: Many telecommunication companies offer Web-ready cell phones. In addition, a wide variety of
m-commerce applications are available. Among the most popular are iPhone apps, which include games,
entertainment, news, and travel information. Some are free and others must be purchased via iTunes.
Microsoft has a wireless version of Internet Explorer called Internet Explorer Mobile. Many e-commerce
companies are developing the simple, text-based interface required by current cell phones. For example,
Google offers mobile Internet users features, such as search, news, map, and Gmail
(www.google.com/mobile/). MSN Mobile (http:// mobile.msn.com) provides a special browser for
accessing e-mail, news, sports, entertainment, maps, and Windows Live services, such as Hotmail and
Windows Live Messenger. Other applications of m-commerce include banking, traffic updates, tourism
services, shopping, and video conferencing. Mobile user-to-user applications, such as sharing games and
pictures, are also popular.
Reeds vóór zijn komst, onder het Engelsche Bestuur, waren vele
slaven wegens de mishandelingen, die zij van hun blanke meesters
hadden te verduren, naar de bosschen gevlucht. Van Sommelsdijk
sloot in genoemd jaar ook met de Boschnegers van de Coppename
vrede.
Het besluit tot zulk een gemeenschappelijken strijd woonde o.a. een
der eerste missionarissen der Moravische [62]Broedergemeente
(Herrnhuttergemeente) bij, die in April 1745 aan de Corantijn kwam. Er
werd toen door de Caraïben en Arowakken aldaar een groote raad
inhouden, waarbij de voornaamste hoofdmannen (kapiteins)
tegenwoordig waren en waarop besloten werd, tegen de Spaansche
Indianen van het Orinoco-gebied op te trekken. In 18–20 vaartuigen
voeren zij naar de Orinoco en zij brachten 14 dagen op het water en 8
dagen op het land door. Eindelijk bereikten zij de vijandelijke kampen.
Aanvankelijk gedroegen zij zich als vrienden, hun allerlei ruilmiddelen
aanbiedend, maar plotseling overvielen zij hen, doodden zij de mannen
en namen zij de vrouwen en kinderen als gevangenen mede. Iedere
overwinnaar nam een verslagen vijand, sneedt hem het vleesch af, dat
in het eerstvolgende nachtkwartier geroosterd en opgegeten werd.
[64]
Mogen ook zij, die dit voorrecht niet gekend hebben, zich bij dit oordeel
hartgrondig aansluiten, wanneer hun geest zich in dezen bundel
gelaafd zal hebben aan het vele schoone, dat de Indianen-ziel siert, en
waarvan hunne mondelinge overleveringen zoo herhaaldelijk
getuigenis afleggen; en mogen de voorbeelden, die ik uit de rijke
litteratuur over den Indiaan voor deze Mythen- en Legenden-serie heb
gekozen, ook den lezers iets van de groote bekoring hebben laten
gevoelen, die niet alleen van het leven en de moraal van den Indiaan,
maar ook van de machtige natuur der maagdelijke wouden, te midden
waarvan de Zuid-Amerikaansche stammen nog leven, in zoo hooge
mate uitgaat! [66]
[Inhoud]
Indianen-Vertellingen.
Den volgenden dag, toen zij naar haar werk terug keerden, vonden zij
het meel reeds gereed liggen. Hoe dat zoo kwam, konden zij maar niet
ontdekken. Den volgenden dag—precies hetzelfde; het meel lag voor
haar gereed. Daar ze er het fijne van wilden weten, besloten zij de
nacht bij den boom door te brengen en goed op te letten. Toen het
middernacht was, konden zij hare oogen niet gelooven, toen zij zagen,
dat een blad van een nabijstaanden Palissadepalm* zich voorover
boog, totdat het de snede, die zij in den op den grond liggenden Ita-
stam hadden gemaakt, raakte. Nauwelijks hadden de vrouwen de
aanraking gezien, of zij stoven naar voren, grepen het zoo geheimzinnig
doende blad beet, en smeekten het vurig, zich in een man te willen
veranderen. Eerst weigerde het; maar toen ze aandrongen, ziet, toen
gebeurde het wonder.
De man, die zij vóór zich zagen, zei, Mayara-Koto te heeten. De oudste
zuster, die hij tot zich nam, was nu overgelukkig, want eenigen tijd
daarna schonk zij hem een prachtigen jongen. Haboeri was zijn naam.
De beide vrouwen, die gewoon waren, in de nabijheid van twee
swampen* te jagen, vonden in de eene, die haar eigendom was, steeds
rijkelijk visch. De andere behoorde [67]echter aan Tijger* en daarom
waarschuwden zij Mayara-Koto, niet in Tijger’s swamp te gaan
visschen. De man luisterde echter niet. „In onze swamp is te weinig
visch”, zei hij, „in die van Tijger is er overvloed. Ik ga zien, wat ik vang.”
Maar nauwelijks was hij begonnen, of Tijger kwam voorbij, greep hem
en velde hem met één slag neêr.
Hoewel de stem den vrouwen niet beviel, voldeden zij aan zijn
verlangen. „Breng de visch binnen, en maak ze klaar. Ik ga nu slapen
en stoor mij niet.” Toen de vrouwen met de visch gereed waren, en
reeds begonnen te eten, was de man in zóó diepen slaap gevallen en
zóó hard aan het snorken gegaan, dat men het wel aan den anderen
rivieroever had kunnen hooren. Verbaasd zagen de beide vrouwen
elkander aan, toen zij tusschen het snorken door vader’s naam,
Mayara-Koto, hoorden roepen. „Onze man heeft vroeger nooit zoo
gesnorkt; nooit hebben wij hem zijn eigen naam hooren noemen”, zei
de oudste. Zij begonnen steeds angstiger te worden en konden
nauwelijks verder eten, want het was toch niet mogelijk, dat het haar
man was, die in de hangmat lag.
„Wat moeten we met Haboeri doen; hoe moeten we hem uit de armen
van den vreemden man bevrijden”, [68]zeiden ze tegelijk. „Ik heb een
idee”, riep de jongste, „we zullen een bundel vezels en bastrepen bij
elkander binden, en dezen onder Haboeri schuiven; daarna zullen we
hem voorzichtig wegnemen”. Zoo gezegd, zoo gedaan. Met Haboeri
onder den arm namen de beide vrouwen haastig de vlucht, na gezorgd
te hebben het noodige mede te nemen, om vuur te kunnen maken.
Inmiddels was Tijger wakker geworden, en toen hij zag, dat in plaats
van Haboeri, een bundel vezels en bast in zijn armen lag, en bemerkte,
dat de beide vrouwen gevlogen waren, werd hij zóó woedend, dat hij uit
de hangmat sprong, en na weder de tijgergedaante te hebben
aangenomen, de achtervolging begon. Maar de vluchtelingen hadden
de hut van de piai-vrouw reeds bereikt. „Wau-oeta, doe de deur open 28,
riepen zij. „Wie is daar”, antwoordde Wau-oeta. „Wij zijn het, de twee
zusters”, riepen de achtervolgden. Maar Wau-oeta deed niet open. Toen
kneep de moeder in Haboeri’s oor, zoodat het kind hard begon te
schreeuwen. „Wat is dat voor een kind, een jongen of een meisje”,
vroeg toen Wau-oeta. „Het is mijn Haboeri, mijn jongen”, antwoordde
zijn moeder, en onmiddellijk deed Wau-oeta nu open, verheugd
uitroepende: „Kom binnen, kom binnen.”
Toen zij een klein eind op weg waren, zei Wau-oeta nog even terug te
moeten; ze zou dadelijk terugkomen, [70]en van dat oogenblik maakte
Wau-oeta gebruik, om Haboeri te vertellen, dat zij zijn moeder was, en
lichtte hem in, hoe hij zich tegenover haar moest gedragen.
Haboeri was in dien tijd een kranig schutter geworden; geen vogel
ontsnapte aan zijn pijlen. Wau-oeta daarmeê zeer ingenomen, gelastte
Haboeri, in het vervolg alle vogels, die hij zou dooden, aan haar te
geven, en de kleinere, na ze vooraf ongenietbaar te hebben gemaakt,
aan de beide zusters. Zij hoopte, dat deze eindelijk er genoeg van
zouden krijgen en ten slotte de hut zouden verlaten. Maar zij waren er
niet toe te bewegen en gaven hare pogingen, om Haboeri te vinden,
niet op.
Dagen achtereen ging dit zoo zijn gang. Wau-oeta kreeg de groote
vogels, de kleinere bleven voor moeder en tante, tot eens op een dag
een pijl van Haboeri niet raakte en aan een over een kreek hangenden
tak bleef hangen, op een plek, waar zijn ooms, de waterhonden*,
gewoon waren, voedsel te komen zoeken.
Het was een mooie open plek in het bosch en Haboeri maakte het zich
gemakkelijk, na het achtergelaten vuil der dieren met bladeren te
hebben bedekt. Hij klom in den boom, om zijn pijl vrij te maken, toen op
het zelfde oogenblik de otters aan kwamen zwemmen. Nauwelijks
aangekomen, snoven ze de lucht op en riepen tegelijk: „Wat ruik ik
daar? Het is stellig onze neef Haboeri, die hier dichtbij moet zijn”.
Overal keken ze rond en eindelijk ontdekten ze hem op den tak. „Kom
beneden”, riepen zij, „en zet je op deze zandbank neêr”.
Haboeri voldeed aan het verzoek, en de otters legden hem toen uit, dat
hij een slecht leven leidde, want dat de oude vrouw zijn moeder niet
was, doch de beide jongere vrouwen zijn moeder en tante waren, en
het dus zeer slecht van hem was, de vogels zóó te verdeelen; dat hij in
het vervolg juist de kleinsten aan de oude vrouw moest [71]geven. Zij
beduidde hem, dat hij aan zijn ware moeder moest vertellen, dat hij
tegenover haar verkeerd gehandeld had, dat hij onwetend was en er
spijt van had.
Toen Haboeri dien dag thuis kwam, volgde hij de bevelen der otters op,
en ontving de ware moeder de groote vogels. Zij van haar kant voelde
zich dien dag vreemd te moede; het was haar moeielijk, den jongen
man dadelijk als haar zoon aan te spreken. Maar toen deze haar
uitlegde, dat Wau-oeta hem in zóó korten tijd tot een man had gemaakt,
geloofde zij hem, en voelde zich geheel opgebeurd. De oude Wau-oeta,
dit alles hoorende, wond zich zoodanig op, dat zij, Haboeri bij den nek
pakkend, hem in het gezicht blies. Zóó was zij van streek, dat zij den
geheelen dag niet kon eten. Dag en nacht plaagde zij Haboeri en ieder
oogenblik riep zij, dat hij zijn zinnen verloren had.
Haboeri, ten einde raad, vatte het plan op, de hut te verlaten, en haalde
zijn moeder over, zoo spoedig mogelijk met hem en zijn tante te
vluchten. Te dien einde maakte hij een kleine korjaal van bijenwas
gereed, en toen hij daarmede gereed was, liet hij hem aan den
waterkant. Toen hij echter den anderen dag terugkwam, had een zwarte
eend het vaartuig weggenomen. Hij maakte toen een nieuwe korjaal,
ditmaal van klei, maar deze werd door een andere eend gestolen.
Haboeri kapte toen een groot terrein open en hij deed het zóó gauw, dat
de vrouwen hem met het planten van cassave haast niet bij konden
houden. Zoo hadden zij volop cassave voor de voorgenomen reis.
Haboeri was het dus, die het eerst een boot maakte en aan de eenden
leerde, aan de oppervlakte van het water te zwemmen, omdat het met
zijn booten was, dat zij het klaar speelden. Inderdaad, wij, Warraus
zeggen, dat iedere eendsoort een bepaalde boot heeft.
Maar wat nog vreemder was, de laatst gemaakte boot, die niet gestolen
was, was den volgenden dag veel grooter geworden. Haboeri bracht de
heuchelijke tijding dadelijk aan zijn moeder en tante, en verzocht haar,
alle provisie, die ze van het land konden halen, voor de lange reis in de
boot te brengen. Hij begaf zich zelf naar het veld, om er de cassave-
stekken te brengen, die de oude Wau-oeta in de gereedgemaakte gaten
moest steken, en zoo gingen zij nog een tijd met hard werken voort.
Toen alles voor de reis gereed was, begaf Haboeri zich naar de hut,
nam pijl en boog, en steenen bijl* en keerde met zijn wapens en
gereedschap naar de waterkant terug. Maar te voren drukte hij de
posten of hutpalen op het hart—want in vroeger dagen konden deze
spreken 29, zoodat bij afwezigheid van den eigenaar, een vreemde
bezoeker kon te weten komen, waar hij was—vooral niets te vertellen.
Maar er was een papegaai in de hut, en Haboeri vergat ook hem in te
lichten en het zwijgen op te leggen.
Zoo kwam het, dat, toen de oude Wau-oeta, zich eenzaam en verlaten
voelende, en bemerkende dat Haboeri verdwenen was, aan de posten
vroeg, waar hij gebleven was. Deze antwoordden echter niet, maar de
papegaai kon het niet helpen, dat hij begon te spreken en haar inlichtte.
Onmiddellijk ijlde Wau-oeta naar de landingsplaats, en zij kwam nog
juist bij tijds, toen Haboeri op het punt was, in de korjaal te stappen en
met zijn moeder en tante weg te parelen. Zij greep de boot en
jammerde: „Mijn zoon, mijn zoon, je moogt me niet verlaten. Ik [73]ben je
moeder” en niettegenstaande Haboeri met zijn parel hare vingers bijna
tegen het dolboord stuk sloeg, wilde zij niet loslaten. Arme Haboeri zag
zich dus genoodzaakt aan land te gaan, waar hij de oude Wau-oeta bij
een hollen boom bracht, waarin bijen genesteld waren. Haboeri velde
den stam en drong er op aan, dat zij er in zou kruipen, om de honig,
waarvan zij zooveel hield, te verzamelen. En Wau-oeta, al maar
schreiende bij de gedachte, Haboeri te zullen verliezen, kroop naar
binnen, waarna Haboeri onmiddellijk de opening sloot.
… en niettegenstaande Haboeri met zijn parel hare vingers
bijna tegen het dolboord stuk sloeg …—Zie blz. 73.
Deze geschiedenis van den mythischen Haboeri, die een nationale held
der Warraus is, geeft onder de vele voorstellingen omtrent het ontstaan
van menschen, en het verband tusschen menschen en dieren, ook een
verklaring voor de bekende kundigheid der Warraus, om de
voortreffelijkste booten te maken.
De bewoners van den hemel gluurden eens door een opening, die zij,
zooals hen geleerd was, niet mochten naderen, naar beneden, en
ontdekten toen een geheel andere wereld. Zij sneden toen lange
[74]bastrepen en lieten zich er mede naar beneden zakken.
Toen zij nu een tijd lang op de aarde hadden rondgedoold, begonnen zij
angstig te worden en besloten zij weder naar boven te klimmen. Nadat
zij nu weder de opening, waaruit zij waren neêrgedaald, hadden bereikt,
bleef een vrouw, die buitengewoon breed en zwaar was, in het gat
steken en gedurende het gevecht en het gedrang, dat er ontstond, om
binnen te komen, brak de bastreep af en een aantal Caraïben vielen
naar beneden en waren nu genoodzaakt op de aarde te blijven.
Toen zij echter geen eten konden vinden, dat naar hun smaak was,
zagen zij zich genoodzaakt, aarde te eten, waarvan zij koeken bakten.
Zij begonnen echter hoe langer hoe magerder te worden, en toen zij
bemerkten, dat de Acouri* er zoo welgedaan uitzag, zetten zij een
Specht* op den uitkijk, om te weten te komen, op welke wijze de Acouri
zich voedsel verschafte. Maar de specht verried zichzelf door zijn getik
tegen den stam, toen het kleine dier naar buiten kwam. Zij droegen nu
den Alligator* op, om het te bespieden; deze keerde terug, maar
vertelde een leugen. Na hem daarvoor gestraft te hebben, door zijn
tong uit te snijden 30, zonden zij er een rat op uit; doch deze keerde niet
terug en het volk moest hongerlijden. [75]
Verlangend om ook eens van die dieren, die hij niet kende, te proeven,
was hij zoo gelukkig een jong hert te schieten, waarvan hij het vleesch
braadde; en zóó lekker smaakte hem dit, dat hij besloot er mede weder
aan den katoenen band naar boven te klimmen. Alle Warraus waren nu
natuurlijk verlangend, om Okonoróté naar beneden te vergezellen, toen
hij zijn tocht naar de aarde wilde herhalen.
Toen nu de laatsten door het gat wilden zien te komen, gebeurde het,
dat een buitengewoon dikke vrouw in het [76]gat niet heen weêr kon
komen, en daar moest blijven, zoodat de Warraus genoodzaakt waren,
altijd op de aarde te blijven.
Dit had zoo een poos geduurd, toen een jonge camoedi geboren werd.
Het jong vertoonde zich nu en dan op een zandbank, zwom in het water
heen en weêr en keerde daarna weder naar het nest terug.
Toen het meisje zoo lang wegbleef, zei de vader tot zijn beide zoons:
„Wat is er toch met jelui zuster. Waarom blijft zij zoo lang in het bad?”
Daar de zoons er ook niets van begrepen, werd overeengekomen, dat
zij naar den rivieroever zouden gaan om haar te bespieden. En wat
zagen zij? Hun zuster in teedere omarming met een waterboa en in de
nabijheid van het verliefde paar een jonge camoedi. Zij bleven kijken en
zagen, dat de oude camoedi aan zijn jong eten bracht.
Bij de eerste goede gelegenheid deden ze wat hen bevolen was. Zij
doodden den oude en sleepten het jong naar het achterliggende bosch,
waar zij het in een menigte stukjes sneden.
Eenige maanden later, toen zij in den omtrek aan het jagen waren,
hoorden de broêrs een groot lawaai en het [77]geluid van een menigte
stemmen, dat van de plek scheen te komen, waar zij de jonge camoedi
gedood hadden; en toen zij zich in de richting begaven, van waar de
stemmen kwamen, zagen zij juist op de plek, waar zij de jonge slang in
stukken hadden gesneden, vier hutten, elk bewoond door Indianen, die
uit de stukken van de jonge camoedi te voorschijn gekomen waren.
In de voorste hut zei de oudste der bewoners tot de broêrs, dat hij
verheugd was, hen als hun ooms te kunnen verwelkomen; maar in de
andere drie wilden de Indianen hen dooden, omdat zij het kind van hun
zuster, waaruit zij geboren waren, gedood hadden. Maar de Indiaan uit
de voorste hut zei: „neen, doe dat niet, want deze twee bezoekers zijn
immers jelui ooms, en jelui moet hen daarom genegen zijn.”
En zoo gebeurde het, dat de beide broêrs onverlet bij hun ouden vader
kwamen, wien zij vertelden, dat uit de deelen van de stuk gesneden
jonge camoedi menschen waren gegroeid.
Er was een tijd, dat de Indianen geen cassave hadden en dat zij allen
honger leden. Ook de dieren hadden weinig te eten en leden honger.
Alleen Maipoeri* ging geregeld iederen morgen er op uit en ’s avonds
kwam hij glimmend van gezondheid en vet van zijn tochten terug. De
andere dieren die de overblijfselen van zijn maal—[78]bananenschillen,
suikerrietresten, enz.—zagen liggen, zeiden tegen elkander: „Maipoeri
moet zeker een goede plaats gevonden hebben, waar hij eten vindt.
Laten we hem volgen”. Alzoo zonden zij er den volgenden morgen de
Boschrat* op uit, die hem op de hielen zou volgen. Zoo hoorden zij, op
welke wijze hij er zoo lekker doorvoed uitzag. Want toen de boschrat
deed, wat hem was opgedragen, en Maipoeri ver in het bosch volgde,
zag zij hem eindelijk onder een enormen boom halt houden en de
vruchten oprapen, die naar beneden waren gevallen.
Zoodra nu Maipoeri zijn maag gevuld had, klom de rat in den boom,
verzadigde zij zich aan maïs en toen zij niet meer kon, daalde zij weêr
naar beneden, een korrel meebrengend om haar lotgenooten te laten
zien, wat zij gevonden had.
Zij maakten een stellage om den stam en begonnen met hun steenen
bijlen* den boom te bewerken. Tien dagen bleven ze hakken, maar hij
wilde maar niet vallen—zoo’n kolos was Allepántepo. Nog eens tien
dagen gingen ze er meê voort, en nog hadden ze hem niet naar
beneden. [79]
Maipoeri keerde na eenigen tijd van den rivieroever terug en toen hij
zag, dat voor hem alleen de pruimen* waren overgebleven, was hij zeer
vertoornd. Nog altijd moet de Tapir voor zijn inhaligheid boeten; want hij
moet zich nog steeds daarmede tevreden stellen.
De dochter van een piaiman werd tot over de ooren verliefd op een
dapperen, jongen jager; maar deze nam weinig notitie van het meisje.
Zij wendde zich nu tot haar vader, en klaagde hem haar nood, er bij
voegende, dat [80]de jonge man toch een vrouw diende te hebben, die
hem bij zijn thuiskomst kon verzorgen. Het meisje smeekte nu haar
vader, om van haar een van ’s mans honden te maken, zoodat zij altijd
bij hem zou kunnen zijn.
„Neem dit vel”, zei de vader, „en hang het over je schouders. Wees
bevrijd van je dolzinnigheid, en—kom weêr bij je vader terug.” Het
meisje veranderde nu in een hond. Telkens, wanneer nu de jonge man
met vier honden op jacht was, rende er altijd een in den namiddag weg,
die niet langer aan den strijd wilde deelnemen—en wat vreemder was,
als de jager in zijn hut terugkeerde, vond hij het vuur branden, zijn
cassavebrood gebakken, en alles netjes en helder.
De man dacht, dat hij dit alles aan een van zijn buren te danken had,
wien hij daarom een bezoek ging brengen, om voor de zorg te
bedanken. Maar niemand wist iets van het geval. „Het mag dan
misschien een of andere Geest geweest zijn, die medelijden met mijn
eenzaamheid heeft gehad,” gaf hij ten antwoord. Toen hij deze woorden
sprak, zag een zijner honden hem zoo vreemd aan, alsof hij zeggen
wilde: „ik weet er ook niets van.” De man begon nu over het geval te
piekeren.
Den volgenden dag, toen hij weêr op jacht was, telde hij zijn honden en
bemerkte hij, dat er maar drie waren, „Ik ga toch eens zien, wat jelui