Developmental Psychology From Infancy To Adulthood 4th Edition White Test Bank

Developmental Psychology From
Infancy to Adulthood 4th Edition White

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Chapter 7: Language development
MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the
question.
1) Comprehension is also referred to as: 1) _______
A) productivity
B) pragmatics
C) receptive language
D) expressive language
Answer: C
A-Head: The components of language
Learning Obj.: 7.1 Define the various components of human language
Graduate Attribute: 1 Core knowledge and understanding
Diff: 1
2) A rising tone at the end of a statement indicates it is a question. This use of tone to change the meaning
is called: 2) _______
A) inflection
B) intonation
C) morphemes
D) production
Answer: B
Diff: 2
3) Phonology is: 3) _______
A) understanding the communicative acts of other people

B) the sounds used by the speakers of a particular language
C) the rules that govern acceptable word order within a language
D) the meaning of words and utterances
Answer: B
Diff: 1
4) Language processing is represented in the left hemisphere of the cerebral cortex for: 4) _______
A) everyone
B) the majority of left-handed people only
C) the majority of right- and left-handed people
D) the majority of right-handed people only
Answer: C
A-Head: Language and the brain
Learning Obj.: 7.2 Explain the relationship between language development and the development of the brain
Diff: 3
Copyright © 2016 Pearson Australia (a division of Pearson Australia Group Pty Ltd)
9781486018277, White, Developmental Psychology 4e
5) Dysfluent and halting speech that lacks grammatical structure and inflections is characteristic of those with
damage to: 5) _______
A) the left hemisphere of the cerebral cortex

B) Wernicke's area
C) Prefrontal cortex
D) Broca's area
Answer: D
Diff: 3
6) Which of the following statements is true? 6) _______
A) research has provided poor support for the critical period hypothesis
B) bilingual studies do not support the critical period hypothesis
C) children must be exposed to a language early in life in order for them to master it
D) research has identified specific features of children's cognitive system that make them good language
learners
Answer: C
Diff: 3
7) Which of the following statements about Chomsky is false? 7) _______
A) Chomsky's approach focuses heavily on productive speech

B) Chomsky argued that language is better understood as an innate mechanism
C) Chomsky believed that all languages are based on a set of abstract, unconscious rules
D) Chomsky, a linguist, subscribed to the nativist approach
Answer: A
A-Head: Theories of language development
Learning Obj.: 7.3 Explain the major theories of language development
Diff: 2
8) Which theorist proposed the 'language acquisition device' (LAD)? 8) _______
A) Noam Chomsky
B) Lenneberg
C) B. F. Skinner
D) none of these answers is correct
Answer: A
Diff: 1
9) The characteristic rhythm, tempo and intonation patterns of a spoken language are referred to as:
9) _______
A) phonology
B) pragmatics
C) inflection
D) prosody
Answer: D
A-Head: Language acquisition: Preverbal period
Learning Obj.: 7.4 Describe the key changes in language development that take place in the first 12–18
months of life
Diff: 1
10) A speech synthesiser is used to gradually change one speech sound into a related one. It is often used to
study what ability? 10) ______
A) phonemic awareness
B) prosody
C) categorical perception
Answer: C
months of life
Diff: 2
11) Researchers studying infants' categorical perception of speech sound conclude that this ability is likely:
11) ______
A) due to experience
B) due to combined innate ability and experience
C) too difficult to determine since this ability does not emerge until children are older
D) an innate ability
Answer: B
months of life
Diff: 2
12) Child-directed speech (CDS) assists language acquisition in the following way(s): 12) ______
A) it helps infants make important speech discriminations

B) it increases the chance that the infant will pay attention to the adult
C) it helps facilitate speech segmentation and discrimination between vowel sounds
D) all of these answers are correct
Answer: D
months of life
Diff: 2
13) Infants first use gestures as a form of communication at what age? 13) ______
A) 6 months
B) 12 to 18 months
C) 8 to 10 months
D) 12 months
Answer: C
months of life
Diff: 2
14) Around what age are infants capable of identifying and remembering new spoken words? 14) ______
A) 9–10 months
B) 11–12 months
C) 7–8 months
D) 5–6 months
Answer: C
Learning Obj.: 7.5 Explain the major phenomena and mechanisms of early word learning
Diff: 2
15) 'Mummy eat', 'Doggie woof' and 'All gone' are examples of: 15) ______
A) underextension
B) elegraphic speech
C) overextension
D) holophrases
Answer: B
Diff: 1
16) By the time they start school, children have learnt the meanings of how many words on average?
16) ______
A) several thousand
B) several dozen
C) several hundred
D) fewer than 100
Answer: A
Diff: 2
17) A child who demonstrates an understanding of a word after hearing it only once demonstrates:
17) ______
A) fast mapping
B) they have entered the period of vocabulary explosion
C) Chomsky's Language Acquisition Device
D) both A and C are correct
Answer: A
Diff: 2
18) Which of the following is an example of a constraint on early word learning? 18) ______
A) whole-object assumption
B) mutual exclusivity
C) both A and B are correct
D) syntactic bootstrapping
Answer: C
Diff: 2
19) When a child says 'I runned home' they demonstrate: 19) ______
A) exposure to poor adult language models

B) an overregularlisation error
C) syntactic bootstrapping
Answer: B
A-Head: Grammatical development during childhood
Learning Obj.: 7.6 Describe the major milestones in grammatical development
Diff: 2
20) A child says to his parents, 'The mans eated their breakfast.' According to the Environmental approaches,
his parents may respond: 20) ______
A) by recasting the phrase (e.g. 'Yes, the men were really hungry so they ate all their breakfast.')
B) by using an expansion (e.g. 'That's right. The men ate their breakfast.')
C) by asking a clarification question
D) All of these answers are correct
Answer: D
Diff: 2
21) The ‘Whorfian hypothesis’ suggests that you cannot think about an object, event or relation unless you
have a _______ for it. 21) ______
A) schema
B) concept map
C) word
D) memory
Answer: C
A-Head: Language and thought
Learning Obj.: 7.8 Explain the relationship between language and thought
Diff: 2
22) Children can learn concepts before they have acquired labels for those concepts. This finding
demonstrates: 22) ______
A) support for a strong version of the Whorfian hypothesis

B) that a weak version of the Whorfian hypothesis is implausible
C) that you cannot think about a concept before you have a word for it
D) that our language does not entirely determine the way we think about the world
Answer: D
Diff: 3
23) Learning to read is possible when a child has: 23) ______
A) developed cognitive skills such as inference

B) an understanding of spoken language
C) an understanding of grammatical rules
D) both A and B are correct
Answer: D
A-Head: Reading
Learning Obj.: 7.9 Identify the major factors that lead to proficient reading
Diff: 2
24) Which of the following is believed to not be an important factor in one's reading comprehension?
24) ______
A) age
B) working memory capacity
C) ability to make inferences
D) none of these answers are correct
Answer: D
A-Head: Reading
Diff: 2
TRUE/FALSE. Write 'T' if the statement is true and 'F' if the statement is false.
25) It is well agreed that, in language development, production precedes comprehension. 25) ______
Answer: F
Diff: 1
26) One of the first challenges for children learning their native language is to distinguish, recognise and then
reproduce the phonemes. 26) ______
Answer: T
Diff: 2
27) Rules that govern word order are called grammar. 27) ______
Answer: F
Diff: 1
28) An example of an inflection is adding 'ed' onto the word 'jump' to form the past tense of 'jumped'.
28) ______
Answer: T
Diff: 2
29) For most right-handed people, the majority of language is represented in the right hemisphere of the
cerebral cortex. 29) ______
Answer: F
Diff: 2
30) Adults rarely achieve full fluency of a second language unless it is acquired as a child. 30) ______
Answer: T
Diff: 2
31) The perceptual and information-processing limitations of young children help them to learn languages.
31) ______
Answer: T
Diff: 2
32) Most children do not begin to combine words into larger units until approximately 18 months to 2 years
of age. 32) ______
Answer: T
months of life
Diff: 2
33) Research findings suggest that infants are born with an ability to perceive the sounds of any human
language. 33) ______
Answer: T
months of life
Diff: 2
34) Evidence suggests that parents speak to their infants in a way that is likely to be very helpful for early
language acquisition. 34) ______
Answer: T
months of life
Diff: 1
35) Child-directed speech often entails the use of exaggerated facial expressions with normal emotional tone.
35) ______
Answer: F
months of life
Diff: 2
36) Cooing emerges at approximately four months of age, and reduplicated babbling is typically evident at
seven months of age. 36) ______
Answer: F
months of life
Diff: 2
37) The period of 'vocabulary explosion' ends at approximately six years of age. 37) ______
Answer: T
Diff: 1
38) When children use the grammatical structure of a sentence to infer the meaning of a novel word, it is
termed 'Semantic bootstrapping'. 38) ______
Answer: F
Diff: 2
39) With increasing language experience, overregularisation errors decrease. 39) ______
Answer: T
Diff: 1
40) Young children learn grammar at a rapid rate partly because their parents often give them explicit
instructions regarding grammatical rules. 40) ______
Answer: F
Diff: 1
41) Young children may take conversational turns, but often focus on different themes and topics.
41) ______
Answer: T
A-Head: Pragmatic development
Learning Obj.: 7.7 Describe the major changes that take place in pragmatic development
Diff: 2
42) Language development continues into adolescence, even though the basic elements have been mastered
by approximately six years of age. 42) ______
Answer: T
Diff: 2
43) Jokes and puns begin to be appreciated during primary school years as they gain a better understanding
of the potential ambiguities of words and sentences. 43) ______
Answer: T
Diff: 3
44) The ‘Whorfian hypothesis’ suggests that the way we think about the world determines the way we use
language. 44) ______
Answer: F
Diff: 2
45) It is possible to have complete understanding of a concept even if the relevant vocabulary for that
concept is not present, as supported by research on numerical concepts. 45) ______
Answer: T
A-Head: Reading
Diff: 2
46) At the logographic stage of reading, children begin to learn the rules that govern how letters and letter
combinations can be translated into the more familiar units of spoken language. 46) ______
Answer: F
A-Head: Reading
Diff: 2
47) Phonemic awareness is an early reading skill and is a crucial part of the reading process. 47) ______
Answer: T
A-Head: Reading
Diff: 1
48) One factor that is thought to affect the development of reading comprehension is the capacity of an
individual's knowledge. 48) ______
Answer: T
A-Head: Reading
Diff: 2
ESSAY. Write your answer in the space provided or on a separate sheet of paper.
49) Identify and discuss three areas of the brain that are important for language development.

Diff: 2
50) Compare and contrast the nativist approach to other approaches of language development.

Diff: 2
51) Parents who speak a language other than English in the home are often concerned about the influence of
the second language on their development of English. What suggestions can be made from research evidence
to parents in such a situation to promote positive language development in their children?
A-Head: Language acquisition: preverbal period

months of life
Diff: 3
52) Name and describe the three major stages of reading development as outlined by Frith (1985).
A-Head: Reading
Diff: 1
53) Many school-aged children do not have well-developed phonemic awareness skills. Discuss how 'phonics'
methods attempt to improve the reading skills of students. Does research evidence support their efficacy?
A-Head: Reading
Diff: 3
1) C
2) B
3) B
4) C
5) D
6) C
7) A
8) A
9) D
10) C
11) B
12) D
13) C
14) C
15) B
16) A
17) A
18) C
19) B
20) D
21) C
22) D
23) D
24) D
25) F
26) T
27) F
28) T
29) F
30) T
31) T
32) T
33) T
34) T
35) F
36) F
37) T
38) F
39) T
40) F
41) T
42) T
43) T
44) F
45) T
46) F
47) T
48) T

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Developmental Psychology From Infancy To Adulthood 4th Edition White Test Bank

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Developmental Psychology From

Infancy to Adulthood 4th Edition White

1) Comprehension is also referred to as: 1) _______

3) Phonology is: 3) _______

A) understanding the communicative acts of other people

A) the left hemisphere of the cerebral cortex

6) Which of the following statements is true? 6) _______

7) Which of the following statements about Chomsky is false? 7) _______

A) Chomsky's approach focuses heavily on productive speech

8) Which theorist proposed the 'language acquisition device' (LAD)? 8) _______

A) it helps infants make important speech discriminations

A) exposure to poor adult language models

A) support for a strong version of the Whorfian hypothesis

23) Learning to read is possible when a child has: 23) ______

A) developed cognitive skills such as inference

A-Head: Language and the brain

A-Head: Theories of language development

A-Head: Language acquisition: preverbal period

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