Kendriya Vidyalaya Ahmedabad Cantt

Physics Investigatory Project

Topic :- To study the effect of temperature
on magnetic strength

Name :- Aman Channa Class :- XII A

Year :- 2023-24 Roll no :- 26
Subject Teacher :- Mr. Bhepesh Nagoda
 INDEX
1. CERTIFICATE
2. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
3. INTRODUCTION
4. OBJECTIVE
5. THEORY
6. APPARATUS REQUIRED
7. PROCEDURE
8. OBSERVATION
9. RESULT
10. PRECAUTION
11. BIBLOGRAPHY
 CERTIFICATE

This is hereby certified that Aman Channa, a student

of class XII A has successfully completed his physics
investigatory project entitled
To study the effect of temperature on magnetic
strength under guidance of MR. Bhupesh Nagoda
(PGT PHYSICS) during academic year 2023-24.

MR. BHUPESH NAGODA External Examiner

(Internal Examiner)

PRINCIPAL
 Acknowledgement

The successful completion of any task would be

incomplete without mentioning the name of those
people who helped to make it possible. I take this
opportunity to acknowledge my deep senses of
gratitude to my physics teacher MR. BHPESH
NAGODA for his valuable support, constant help and
guidance at every stage without which this project
would not have come forth.

I also register my sense of gratitude to my parents for

their immense encouragement and support. I would
also like to thank my friends for encouraging me
during the course of this project.
 INTRODUCTION

Magnets can be found at all places wherever we see in many

gadgets and they play a crucial role in the functioning of
computers. Even the earth itself is a magnet. A magnet is any
object that produces a magnetic field. Some magnets, referred
to as permanent, hold their magnetism without an external
electric current. A magnet of this nature can be created by
exposing a piece of metal containing iron to a number of
situations (i.e. repeatedly jarring the metal, heating to high
temperature). Soft magnets, on the other hand, are those that
lose their magnetic charge properties over time. Additionally,
paramagnetic objects are those that can become magnetic
only when in the presence of an external magnetic field. A
magnetic field is the space surrounding a magnet in which
magnetic force is exerted. The motion of negatively charged
electrons in the magnet determines not only the polarity, but
also the strength of the magnet (Cold magnet).
Magnets are filled with magnetic lines of force. These lines
originate at the north pole of the magnet and continue to the
South Pole. The North Pole is positive. Magnetic lines of force
do not intersect one another.
In the 1800's, Pier4re Curie discovered that there exists a
temperature at which objects that were previously
permanently magnetic lose this characteristic. The
temperature at which this demagnetization occurs is called the
"Curie point". As the temperature of the magnet approaches
this point, the alignment of each domain decreases. As such,
the magnetism decreases until the Curie point is reached, at
which time the material becomes paramagnetic.

OBJECTIVE
To study the effect of temperature
on magnetic strength

THEORY
Magnetism is created by the alignment of small
domains within a specific set of metal. These domains
function as all atoms do, thus the temperature affects
the movement. The higher the heat, the greater the
energy, and as such the movement of the particles. In
contrast, cold temperature slows the movement
(magnetic Field Strength and Low Temperatures).
Slower movement leads to more fixed directions in
terms of the domains.

APPARATUS MATERIALS
Safety glasses
3-4 permanent bar magnets
Tongs for magnet
Ice
Water
Insulating container
Three strong bowls
Small pot
Burner for heating water or oven
Paper clips (1000)

PROCEDURE
1) Hot Process
1. Place paperclips in the bowl.
2. Situate scale near bowl.
3. Weigh magnet and record.
4. Place magnet in oven set to highest temperature possible.
5. Wait approximately 20 minutes for the magnet to reach the
temperature of the oven.
6. Place magnet in bowl filled with paperclips.
7. Remove magnet and attached paperclips and place on scale.
8. Record temperature of magnet and grams attracted.
9. Subtract the weight of the magnet from the weight of the magnet and
the paperclips combined.
10. Remove paperclips and place back in bowl.
11. Allow magnet to rest for 5 minutes undisturbed.
12. Repeat steps 6-11 until magnet reaches room temperature

2) Cold Process
1. Place paperclips in bowl.
2. Situate scale near bowl.
3. Weigh magnet and record.
4. Place magnet and freezer thermometer in freezer set to
lowest temperature possible.
5. Wait approximately 20 minutes for the magnet to reach
the temperature of the freezer.
6. Record temperature read by freezer thermometer.
7. Place magnet in bowl filled with paperclips.
8. Remove magnet and attached paperclips and place on
scale.
9. Record temperature of magnet and grams attracted.
10. Subtract the weight of the magnet from the weight of the
magnet
11. And the paperclips combined. 11. Remove paperclips and
place back in bowl.
12. Set freezer to 5-Celsius degrees higher than previous
temperature. (Note: freezer accuracy is dubious. Use
temperature read by freezer thermometer)
13. Repeat steps 4-12 until freezer and magnet have
reached zero degrees Celsius.

OBSERVATION
1. Magnet under extreme heat :-
2. Magnet under extreme cold :-

RESULT
Magnetic materials should maintain a balance
between temperature and magnetic domains (the
atoms' inclination to spin in a certain direction). When
exposed to extreme temperatures, however, this
balance is destabilized; magnetic properties are then
affected. While cold strengthens magnets, heat can
result in the loss of magnetic properties. In other
words, too much heat can completely ruin a magnet.
Excessive heat causes atoms to move more rapidly,
disturbing the magnetic domains. As the atoms are
sped up, the percentage of magnetic domains
spinning in the same direction decreases

PRECAUTION
1) Perform the experiment with proper safety
measures like lab coat, goggles etc.
2) While noting the reading of weighing machine, don’t
forget to subtract the weight of magnet.
3) Handle the temperatures of freezer and oven as it
may affect the magnet permanently.

BIBLOGRAPHY
1) www.icbse.com
2) www.sciencebuddies.com
3) www.technopedia.com
4) www.wikipedia.com
5) NCERT Physics book
6) www.howmagnetswork.com

THANK YOU