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Chapter 07 - Socioemotional Development in Infancy

Chapter 07
Socioemotional Development in Infancy

Multiple Choice Questions

1. _____ is defined as feeling, or affect, that occurs when a person is in a state or an

interaction that is important to him or her.

A. Perception
B. Emotion
C. Attention
D. Affection

APA LO: 1.1

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Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 7.1: Discuss the development of emotions and personality in infancy.
Topic: Emotions

7-1
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Chapter 07 - Socioemotional Development in Infancy

2. Which of the following is characterized as a positive emotion?

A. Guilt
B. Anxiety
C. Enthusiasm
D. Anger

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Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 7.1: Discuss the development of emotions and personality in infancy.
Topic: Emotions

7-2
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Chapter 07 - Socioemotional Development in Infancy

3. The _____ aspect is at the forefront of emotion in infancy.

A. communication
B. motivation
C. personality
D. disposition

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Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 7.1: Discuss the development of emotions and personality in infancy.
Topic: Emotions

7-3
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Chapter 07 - Socioemotional Development in Infancy

4. Which of the following is characterized as a negative emotion?

A. Joy
B. Love
C. Enthusiasm
D. Anxiety

APA LO: 1.1

APA LO: 1.2
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 7.1: Discuss the development of emotions and personality in infancy.
Topic: Emotions

7-4
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Chapter 07 - Socioemotional Development in Infancy

5. When infants are stressed, they show better biological recovery from the stressors when
their caregivers

A. are abusive.
B. are neglectful.
C. ignore them.
D. are sensitive.

APA LO: 1.1

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 7.1: Discuss the development of emotions and personality in infancy.
Topic: Biological and Environmental Influences

7-5
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Chapter 07 - Socioemotional Development in Infancy

6. According to your text, Japanese parents

A. encourage their children to laugh and cry.

B. try to prevent their children from experiencing negative emotions.
C. try to help their children cope after experiencing negative emotions.
D. are more expressive in their emotions than non-Latino White parents.

APA LO: 1.2

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 7.1: Discuss the development of emotions and personality in infancy.
Topic: Biological and Environmental Influences

7-6
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Chapter 07 - Socioemotional Development in Infancy

7. Infant Carolina is more likely to show jealousy-related behaviors when her mother gives
attention to a

A. car.
B. book.
C. doll.
D. chair.

APA LO: 1.3

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Apply
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective: 7.1: Discuss the development of emotions and personality in infancy.
Topic: Early Emotions

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Chapter 07 - Socioemotional Development in Infancy

8. The emotions that appear in the first six months of the human infant’s development are
known as the _____ emotions.

A. basic
B. primary
C. social
D. self-conscious

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Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 7.1: Discuss the development of emotions and personality in infancy.
Topic: Early Emotions

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Chapter 07 - Socioemotional Development in Infancy

9. Which of these is a primary emotion according to Michael Lewis?

A. Pride
B. Empathy
C. Surprise
D. Guilt

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Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 7.1: Discuss the development of emotions and personality in infancy.
Topic: Early Emotions

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Chapter 07 - Socioemotional Development in Infancy

10. According to Lewis’ classification, _____ emotions involve a sense of “me.” An example
of such an emotion is pride.

A. non-social
B. primary
C. basic
D. self-conscious

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Difficulty: Easy
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Topic: Early Emotions

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Chapter 07 - Socioemotional Development in Infancy

11. Which of the following is a self-conscious emotion?

A. Embarrassment
B. Surprise
C. Sadness
D. Disgust

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Topic: Early Emotions

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Chapter 07 - Socioemotional Development in Infancy

12. Which of these emotional expressions is a baby’s first form of communication when
interacting with their parents?

A. Speech
B. Smiles
C. Gestures
D. Postures

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Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 7.1: Discuss the development of emotions and personality in infancy.
Topic: Emotional Expression

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Chapter 07 - Socioemotional Development in Infancy

13. _____ is the most important mechanism that the newborns have for communicating with
others.

A. Smiling
B. Gesturing
C. Crying
D. Shouting

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Difficulty: Easy
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Topic: Emotional Expression

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Chapter 07 - Socioemotional Development in Infancy

14. When the cry of a baby is following a rhythmic pattern consisting of a cry, followed by a
briefer silence, then a shorter inspiratory whistle that is somewhat higher in pitch than the
main cry, then another brief rest before the next cry, then it is called the _____ cry.

A. anger
B. colicky
C. pain
D. basic

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Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 7.1: Discuss the development of emotions and personality in infancy.
Topic: Crying

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Chapter 07 - Socioemotional Development in Infancy

15. A basic cry in which excess air is forced through the vocal cords is knows as _____ cry.

A. anger
B. pain
C. hunger
D. colicky

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Difficulty: Easy
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Topic: Crying

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Chapter 07 - Socioemotional Development in Infancy

16. Parents who elicited talk about emotions with their toddlers had toddlers who

A. were more likely to share and be helpful.

B. were emotionally withdrawn.
C. had difficulty with their siblings.
D. showed early signs of jealousy.

APA LO: 1.2

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Bloom’s Taxonomy: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 7.1: Discuss the development of emotions and personality in infancy.
Topic: Emotional Expression

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Chapter 07 - Socioemotional Development in Infancy

17. When mothers who had experienced negative emotions were reunited with their infants,
the infants

A. were oblivious to the mother’s emotional state.

B. were curious about their mother’s emotional state.
C. appeared to synchronize with the mother’s emotional state.
D. started crying immediately.

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Difficulty: Medium
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Topic: Emotional Expression

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Chapter 07 - Socioemotional Development in Infancy

18. A _____ cry is a sudden long, initial loud cry followed by breath holding.

A. anger
B. pain
C. colicky
D. basic

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Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 7.1: Discuss the development of emotions and personality in infancy.
Topic: Crying

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Chapter 07 - Socioemotional Development in Infancy

19. The _____ cry is triggered by a high-intensity stimulus.

A. hunger
B. anger
C. pain
D. reflexive

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Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 7.1: Discuss the development of emotions and personality in infancy.
Topic: Crying

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Chapter 07 - Socioemotional Development in Infancy

20. Which of the following conditions is MOST likely to incite a basic cry?

A. Joy
B. High-intensity stimulus
C. Amusement
D. Hunger

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Difficulty: Easy
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Topic: Crying

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Chapter 07 - Socioemotional Development in Infancy

21. _____ is critical as a means of developing a new social skill and is a key social signal.

A. Fear
B. Smiling
C. Anxiety
D. Crying

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Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 7.1: Discuss the development of emotions and personality in infancy.
Topic: Smiling

7-21
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Chapter 07 - Socioemotional Development in Infancy

22. A smile that does not occur in response to external stimuli and usually appears during
sleep is known as the _____ smile.

A. reflexive
B. social
C. conscious
D. joyful

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Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 7.1: Discuss the development of emotions and personality in infancy.
Topic: Smiling

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Chapter 07 - Socioemotional Development in Infancy

23. A _____ smile occurs in response to an external stimulus. In the case of a young infant,
this stimulus is often a face.

A. superficial
B. social
C. conscious
D. reflexive

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Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 7.1: Discuss the development of emotions and personality in infancy.
Topic: Smiling

7-23
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Chapter 07 - Socioemotional Development in Infancy

24. Which of the following is the MOST frequent expression of an infant’s fear?

A. Separation protest
B. Transition apprehension
C. Stranger anxiety
D. Social consciousness

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Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 7.1: Discuss the development of emotions and personality in infancy.
Topic: Fear

7-24
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Chapter 07 - Socioemotional Development in Infancy

25. Which of the following terms refers to an infant’s distressed reaction when the caregiver
leaves?

A. Stranger anxiety
B. Social consciousness
C. Transition apprehension
D. Separation protest

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Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 7.1: Discuss the development of emotions and personality in infancy.
Topic: Fear

7-25
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Chapter 07 - Socioemotional Development in Infancy

26. Which of the following terms refers to individual differences in behavioral styles,
emotions, and characteristic ways of responding?

A. Stranger anxiety
B. Temperament
C. Separation protest
D. Social referencing

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Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 7.1: Discuss the development of emotions and personality in infancy.
Topic: Temperament

7-26
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Chapter 07 - Socioemotional Development in Infancy

27. A child who is generally in a positive mood, quickly establishes regular routines in
infancy, and adapts easily to new experiences is referred to as a(n) _____ child.

A. easy
B. difficult
C. inhibited
D. slow-to-warm-up

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Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 7.1: Discuss the development of emotions and personality in infancy.
Topic: Chess and Thomas’ Classification

7-27
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Chapter 07 - Socioemotional Development in Infancy

28. A(n) _____ child reacts negatively and cries frequently, engages in irregular daily
routines, and is slow to accept change.

A. easy
B. slow-to-warm-up
C. difficult
D. inhibited

APA LO: 1.1

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 7.1: Discuss the development of emotions and personality in infancy.
Topic: Chess and Thomas’ Classification

7-28
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Chapter 07 - Socioemotional Development in Infancy

29. A child, who has a low activity level, is somewhat negative, and displays a low intensity
of mood, is called a(n) _____ child.

A. easy
B. difficult
C. uninhibited
D. slow-to-warm-up

APA LO: 1.1

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 7.1: Discuss the development of emotions and personality in infancy.
Topic: Chess and Thomas’ Classification

7-29
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Chapter 07 - Socioemotional Development in Infancy

30. According to research, difficulties in infant soothability at 6 months of age was predictive
of

A. a secure attachment at 12 months of age.

B. an insecure attachment at 12 months of age.
C. a tendency to become more autonomous at 2 years of age.
D. greater expression of emotion during adolescence.

APA LO: 1.2

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 7.1: Discuss the development of emotions and personality in infancy.
Topic: Chess and Thomas’ Classification

7-30
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Chapter 07 - Socioemotional Development in Infancy

31. Kagan’s uninhibited children fall into which of the following dimensions of temperament
according to Rothbart and Bates classification?

A. Negative affectivity
B. Extraversion/surgency
C. Shyness
D. Effortful control

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Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 7.1: Discuss the development of emotions and personality in infancy.
Topic: Kagan’s Behavioral Inhibition

7-31
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Chapter 07 - Socioemotional Development in Infancy

32. Children included under which dimension of Rothbart and Bates’ classification are easily
distressed?

A. Effortful control
B. Inhibition
C. Negative affectivity
D. Extraversion

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Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 7.1: Discuss the development of emotions and personality in infancy.
Topic: Rothbart and Bates’ Classification

7-32
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Chapter 07 - Socioemotional Development in Infancy

33. Kagan’s inhibited children fall into which category of temperament according to Rothbart
and Bates’ classification?

A. Negative affectivity
B. Effortful control
C. Shyness
D. Surgency

APA LO: 1.1

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 7.1: Discuss the development of emotions and personality in infancy.
Topic: Rothbart and Bates’ Classification

7-33
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Chapter 07 - Socioemotional Development in Infancy

34. According to Rothbart and Bates’ classification of temperament, the _____ category of
temperament includes positive anticipation, impulsivity, activity level, and sensation-seeking
tendencies.

A. self-regulation
B. negative affectivity
C. extraversion/surgency
D. inhibition

APA LO: 1.1

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 7.1: Discuss the development of emotions and personality in infancy.
Topic: Rothbart and Bates’ Classification

7-34
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Chapter 07 - Socioemotional Development in Infancy

35. According to Rothbart and Bates’ classification of temperament, the negative affectivity
dimension includes

A. positive anticipation, impulsivity, activity level, and sensation-seeking tendencies.

B. attentional focusing and shifting, inhibitory control, perceptual sensitivity, and low-
intensity pleasure conditions.
C. shyness, subduedness, and timidity factors.
D. fear, frustration, sadness, and discomfort factors.

APA LO: 1.1

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 7.1: Discuss the development of emotions and personality in infancy.
Topic: Rothbart and Bates’ Classification

7-35
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Chapter 07 - Socioemotional Development in Infancy

36. Which of the following is one of the categories of temperament included in Rothbart and
Bates’ classification of temperament?

A. Openness to experience
B. Agreeableness
C. Neuroticism
D. Effortful control

APA LO: 1.1

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 7.1: Discuss the development of emotions and personality in infancy.
Topic: Rothbart and Bates’ Classification

7-36
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Chapter 07 - Socioemotional Development in Infancy

37. According to Rothbart and Bates’ classification of temperament, which of the following
dimensions includes attentional focusing and shifting, inhibitory control, perceptual
sensitivity, and low-intensity pleasure capabilities?

A. Extraversion
B. Neuroticism
C. Negative affectivity
D. Effortful control

APA LO: 1.1

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 7.1: Discuss the development of emotions and personality in infancy.
Topic: Rothbart and Bates’ Classification

7-37
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Chapter 07 - Socioemotional Development in Infancy

38. Which of the following is a part of the brain that plays an important role in fear and
inhibition?

A. Amygdala
B. Cochlea
C. Vestibule
D. Pinna

APA LO: 1.1

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 7.1: Discuss the development of emotions and personality in infancy.
Topic: Fear

7-38
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Chapter 07 - Socioemotional Development in Infancy

39. According to Bates, the development of effortful control is linked to advances in the
_____ lobes of the brain.

A. parietal
B. frontal
C. temporal
D. occipital

APA LO: 1.1

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 7.1: Discuss the development of emotions and personality in infancy.
Topic: Rothbart and Bates’ Classification

7-39
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Chapter 07 - Socioemotional Development in Infancy

40. Physiological characteristics have been linked with different temperaments. In particular
a(n) _____ temperament is associated with a unique physiological pattern that includes high
and stable heart rate, a high level of the hormone cortisol, and high activity in the right frontal
lobe of the brain.

A. inhibited
B. extraverted
C. negative
D. uninhibited

APA LO: 1.1

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 7.1: Discuss the development of emotions and personality in infancy.
Topic: Temperament

7-40
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Chapter 07 - Socioemotional Development in Infancy

41. The physiological pattern associated with an inhibited temperament includes high and
stable heart rate, high activity in the right frontal lobe of the brain and high levels of the
_____ hormone.

A. oxytocin
B. vasopressin
C. cortisol
D. epinephrine

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Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 7.1: Discuss the development of emotions and personality in infancy.
Topic: Temperament

7-41
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Chapter 07 - Socioemotional Development in Infancy

42. The physiological pattern associated with inhibited temperament is tied to the excitability
of the _____.

A. cerebellum
B. pons
C. thalamus
D. amygdala

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Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 7.1: Discuss the development of emotions and personality in infancy.
Topic: Temperament

7-42
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Chapter 07 - Socioemotional Development in Infancy

43. Which of the following is NOT considered a self-regulatory dimension of temperament?

A. Adaptability
B. Soothability
C. Persistence
D. Creativity

APA LO: 1.2

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 7.1: Discuss the development of emotions and personality in infancy.
Topic: Temperament

7-43
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Chapter 07 - Socioemotional Development in Infancy

44. Infant Chloe demonstrates fairly high levels of behavior inhibition. According to the
concept of goodness of fit, Chloe will show the greatest adjustment with parents from

A. Canada.
B. the United States.
C. China.
D. Finland.

APA LO: 1.3

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Apply
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective: 7.1: Discuss the development of emotions and personality in infancy.
Topic: Goodness of Fit

7-44
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Chapter 07 - Socioemotional Development in Infancy

45. Which of the following terms refers to the match between a child’s temperament and the
environmental demands with which the child must cope?

A. Separation protest
B. Goodness of fit
C. Stranger anxiety
D. Effortful control

APA LO: 1.1

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 7.1: Discuss the development of emotions and personality in infancy.
Topic: Goodness of Fit

7-45
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in injuries to peripheral nerves,

1182

degeneration of, in labio-glosso-laryngeal paralysis,

1173

employed in telegraphy,

508

509

in writing,

505

506

involved in infantile spinal paralysis,

1121
 rigidity of, in paralysis agitans,

435

Muscular ataxia, in general paralysis of the insane,

188

189

193

atrophy in chronic spinal pachymeningitis,

749

in nervous diseases,

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in poisoning by lead,

687
,

688

in progressive unilateral facial atrophy,

696

697

progressive, complicated with infantile spinal paralysis,

1149

contraction, in acute spinal meningitis,

750

system, state of, in the chloral habit,

662

rigidity in diffuse spinal sclerosis,

888
Music, use of, in treatment of catalepsy,

338

Musk, use of, in hysteria,

274

Murmurs, valvular, in chorea,

448

Myelitis, simple acute,

810

Ascending and descending,

816

Clinical history,
816

Diagnosis,

820

Influence of poisons on cord,

815

Limitation of inflammatory process,

816

Myelitic cicatrices,

815

Morbid anatomy,

812

Prognosis and duration,

821
 Treatment,

822

Derivation and bloodletting,

823

Electricity,

824

Management of bed-sores,

823

Management of bladder troubles,

824

Position,

822

Rest,

823
 Strychnia,

823

Warm baths,

823

Myelitis, chronic,

886

in unilateral spinal paralysis,

1168

Myxœdema,

1271
 N.

Narcolepsy,

346

Narcotic poisoning, acute, from alcohol,

597

Narcotics, influence on causation of catalepsy,

319

Narcotics and sedatives, value, in melancholia,

160

Nature of stigmata,

350
 of symmetrical gangrene,

1261

Nausea and vomiting in lead colic,

684

in the opium habit,

653

657-659

Neglect, treatment of hysteria by,

277

Nerve-centres, syphilitic affections of,

999
Nerve-roots, degeneration of, in infantile spinal paralysis,

1138-1140

lesions of, in tabes dorsalis,

840-842

Nerve-section in neuralgia,

1227

in tetanus,

560

Nerve-stretching in athetosis,

460

in neuralgia,
1228

in spinal sclerosis,

903

in writers' cramp,

538

Nerve-trunks, lesions, in multiple neuritis,

1196

in neuritis,

1191

Nerves, inflammation of,

1189

Anatomical changes in divided nerves and muscles,

1184

Changes in, in chronic alcoholism,

619

Diagnosis of,

1187

Divided, pain, seat and characters of,

1185-1187

Electrical reactions in,

1184

1188

Immediate results of injuries to,

1182

Injuries and irritation of, as a cause of neuralgia,

1220

treatment of,

1189

Lesions of, in neuralgia,

1221

Peripheral diseases of,

1177

Changes in, in chronic alcoholism,

619

Injuries of,

1182

Regeneration and reunion of divided nerves and muscles,

1185
 Sensation, disorders of,

1186

1187

Skin, state of,

1183

1187

Symptoms of incomplete destruction of,

1185

Trophic disorders,

1187

Vaso-motor, origin of,

1246
Nervous diseases, general semeiology of,

19

disorders of chronic hydrocephalus,

743

of chronic lead-poisoning,

685-689

of spina bifida,

759

of the chloral habit,

663

665

symptoms of myxœdema,

1272
 system, disorders of, in alcoholism,

616

in the opium habit,

656

658

659

ERVOUS

YSTEM

,L

OCALIZATION OF

ESIONS IN THE

,
65

Cranio-cerebral topography,

93-98

in encephalic mass,

81-93

in systematic lesions,

89

in focal lesions,

89

in base of brain,

91

in cerebellum,

90
 in medulla oblongata,

79

80

in peripheral nervous system,

65-69

in spinal cord,

69-79

of æsthesodic system,

69

of kinesodic system,

71

ERVOUS
S

YSTEM

,G

ENERAL

EMEIOLOGY OF

ISEASES OF

19

Motory symptoms,

42-54

Psychic symptoms,

19-31

Sensory symptoms,

31-41
 Trophic symptoms,

54-59

Principles of diagnosis in diseases of,

59

in functional diseases of,

63

in organic diseases of,

61

EURALGIA

1211

Definition, general, of,

1211