Types of UTP Cables

Unshielded twisted pair has fives categories that is defined by TIA/EIA

568 standard; below mention each one –

CAT1: CAT1 is only used in telephone wiring, but it is not able to

support computer network traffic and is not twisted.

CAT2: CAT2 is commonly used for token ring networks,, and it can
support up to 4 Mbps transfer data speed.
CAT3: At present days, CAT3 is commonly used in phone lines, and it
can support 10 Mbps for up to 100 meters.
CAT4: CAT4 is designed especially for token ring networks and other
networking system, because it is capable to support 16 Mbps for up to 100
meters.
CAT5: It is mostly used in Ethernet based LANs networks, and it consists
four twisted pairs, as well as having ability to 100 Mbps for up to 100
meters.
CAT5e: CAT5e is a sub type of CAT5, so it can also use in Ethernet based
LANs networks. It contains four twisted pairs, and can support 1 Gbps for
100 meters.
CAT6: CAT6 was introduced to support gigabit Ethernet that allows
gigabit transmission over CAT5e cable. It consists physical separator in
between four pair that helps to decrease electromagnetic interference.
because the format is not supported.
CAT6e: CAT6 has four tightly wounded twisted pairs, and it is mostly
used in Ethernet-based LANs and data center networks. I can support 1
Gbps for up to 100 meters and 10 Gbps for up to 50 meters.
CAT7: CAT7 contains 4 individually shielded pair plus an extra cable
shield to provide the protection the signals from crosstalk and
electromagnetic interference, and it can support 10Gbps at lengths of up to
100 meters.
Uses and Applications of UTP Cable
 Unshielded twisted pair cable has mostly application areas LAN
networks, and it also can be used low speed data, voice, audio and
paging systems, high speed data, as well as building automation and
control systems.
 Unshielded twisted pair cable is also commonly used in horizontal
and backbone cabling subsystems.
 It is also used in computer and telecommunications industry as
Ethernet cables and telephone wires.
Advantages of UTP Cable
There are various benefits of unshielded twisted pair cable; below
explain each one –

 It has great flexibility that helps to make easier to installation and

handling.
 Affordable price than other networking cables
 It takes less space, due to small size so it doesn’t need fill up wiring
ducts.
 It is mostly used for networking architecture.
 UTP cable is introduced to encounter to EMI, RFI and crosstalk.
 In UTP cable, doesn’t need grounding.
Disadvantages of UTP Cable
There are various limitations of unshielded twisted pair cable; below
explain each one –
  UTP is limited to bandwidth.
 It is not able to provide better protection in transmission of data.
 UTP is capable only to cable segment length about 100 meters only.
 It gets susceptible to noise and highly prone to external interference
such as EMI and RFI.
RS-485, also known as TIA-485(-A) or EIA-485, is a standard, originally
introduced in 1983, defining the electrical characteristics of drivers and
receivers for use in serial communications systems. Electrical signaling
is balanced, and multipoint systems are supported. The standard is
jointly published by the Telecommunications Industry
Association and Electronic Industries Alliance (TIA/EIA). Digital
communications networks implementing the standard can be used
effectively over long distances and in electrically noisy environments.
Multiple receivers may be connected to such a network in a
linear, multidrop bus. These characteristics make RS-485 useful
in industrial control systems and similar applications.
Overview[edit]
RS-485 supports inexpensive local networks and multidrop
communications links, using the same differential signaling over twisted
pair as RS-422. It is generally accepted that RS-485 can be used with
data rates up to 10 Mbit/s[a] or, at lower speeds, distances up to 1,200 m
(4,000 ft).[2] As a rule of thumb, the speed in bit/s multiplied by the length
in metres should not exceed 108. Thus a 50-meter cable should not
signal faster than 2 Mbit/s.[3]

In contrast to RS-422, which has a driver circuit which cannot be

switched off, RS-485 drivers use three-state logic allowing individual
transmitters to be deactivated. This allows RS-485 to implement linear
bus topologies using only two wires. The equipment located along a set
of RS-485 wires are interchangeably called nodes, stations or devices.
[4]
The recommended arrangement of the wires is as a connected series
of point-to-point (multidropped) nodes, i.e. a line or bus, not a star, ring,
or multiply connected network. Star and ring topologies are not
recommended because of signal reflections or excessively low or high
termination impedance. If a star configuration is unavoidable, special
RS-485 repeaters are available which bidirectionally listen for data on
each span and then retransmit the data onto all other spans.
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