IC - Engine-67911 PDF

0101
INFRA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE ,BARISAL
I-C Engine Principle

Subject Code -67911
Md.Aslam Sarkar
2016
[Type text] Page 1

67911 I-C Engine 2016
Chapter -01
Lecture -01
Understand the basic concepts of IC engine.
1.1 Define engine & IC engine.
Engine: An Engine is a device which converts heat energy into

mechanical energy by burn fuel to do work .
! "।
#$ ! " % !% & '( )* + ! , " !- !

. /" , 1 ", # 2! ,3 4 5 6" ! *
7! /"8 ! / +!
7! ! " % 9 !: " ।
Presented By – Md. Aslam Sarkar (Head of the Department Marine) Page 2

67911 I-C Engine 2016
Fig: Engine
IC Engine : IC means Internal Combustion . Internal means

Inside or enclosed and Combustion means act or burning. “ Thus
an Internal Combustion engine is one that burns fuel internally”.
Again we can define “An Engine is a device which converts heat
energy into mechanical energy by burn fuel to do work .
Fig:I-C Engine
! , " !- - "B 6"! 5 ! C& % DE
/" 8 F G 5!
, 9 , ! "।
1.2.Define heat and heat engine( % ! ")
Heat : J #$ " % 5 $ 8
" % 8 #KL 9 ! " M B #KN
! । ।

67911 I-C Engine 2016
Heat engine : "

! , " !- , " , O , ! 4 5 DE
/ ! " #$
! , " !- 5 ! : !%
। 9 % 5 ! /P !& 5! # -
/ -।
1.3 Differentiate between CI engine and SI engine. (% ,9 % 9

! % $ 4 "7 )
! Q % ,9 % 9 !% $ 4 R7 "
SI engine CI engine
SI % S! " Spark CI % S! "
Ignition engine Compression Ignition engine
! - "B ! - "B , " !-
, " !- 1" . /"
Compression Ignition engine
Spark Ignition engine "।
"
T! #K U— T! #K - WY — ZZ:W
WX:W
[ \]8 ^ ! /_ ^
! `2\ 5 / ! `2\ 5 % a
," ! 7 T ," ! 7 T % a -
% $ 7 T % $ 7 T -
% ! :/ ! " % ! :/ ! ) -
, "!- b F \ 2 \ 2 ^ !
^
T! % UX .c- T! % fXX .c- -gXX
-eX .c- : .c- :
% ! 9Oh " % ! 9Oh " -

67911 I-C Engine 2016
2. Understand the functions of IC engine.
2.2 Explain the importance of the IC engine.
।। ! ! )4 * !# - i jSF \ % \ ! k \ bl m) ।
!9 h n \ Ko 2 , !p , C q 8 q, r % ! $ #P ! T" s
। WtUX " u \ 7! ! 9 !9 h ! , 7! 2 ! : /" ! v-
! % `- 2 !T " 2 ! : "8 q ) \ w T"! x" v- ! 5\ y
$ ,% ! % ! Ko #P ! T" T " # ! # T ।%
! ," !7 T : # ! । z Z { : Y { . /" : 1 " ! $ 9
! 9 h 2 ! /" ! , "8 q , % q / / T"! C 2
9 ! #| / 8 # ! } T~ : • ,# + y : % !
\y v- ! €"! # ! - । /P \ ! 9• ! k " ! m)
/! $ ‚। \ 5 * 5 9 !
- 9• ! k9 ! i j# - ।
Fig: Marine engine

67911 I-C Engine 2016
2.3 Explain the role of IC engine as a prime mover in different

sectors.
m) 9 ! L ƒ
m) % ! % !
।
m) 9 ! )* + ! / $ ,! Q F \!
":
W. ! s … / / T "! / " :†s 2 m) 9 !
^ ।
Z.# 2 " s… ,1 , , 2 " 4 5 T "! /9 !
m) ^ ।
‡. : ] ˆ ‰4 5 ! /P /! 2 T "! /P m)
9 ! ^ ।
Y. T / G T "! /P m) 9 ! ^ ।
f. q / / : /2 ! T "! / m) 9 ! ^ ।
Chapter-03
Understand the Constructional and Operational features ,Types

of function IC engine components
3.1 Identify cylinder head, Bloke and

crankcase of I C Engine
Engine head( )
Engine bloke % # % ! Š ‹ ! /
! head " ।% # ! s …, % s• , 2 , 45
• $ ।% $ ! )‘ ’ ! ! 2 ) ‘, %8/` ) ‘,“ " ) ‘,%
` & ) ‘ 4 5 • $ । "B . + F :` . • "B

67911 I-C Engine 2016
Š 8 ”•– ) 92 ! $ । % y — "B .% "B Š (
# † 8. 3 2 "8 ।
Fig: Engine head
Fig: Engine head
Engine bloke( !Š )
Engine bloke " crankcase % % .% !T \#
Engine cylinder $ Engine bloke " । y ! +
i j S! # । ‰ k s T 2$ । 2 m " !
q ! $ । ! Š ¡ " % /P /4 2 $ % " 3" - u
. T" T " $: $ । "B .: 4¢ 4 `. • £ •–)
92 ! $ ।

67911 I-C Engine 2016
Fig: Engine block
Engine crankcase( )
Engine % !Q # #$ \ engine bloke % ! T crankshaft
$ , Engine crankcase " ।
Fig: Engine crankcase
3.2 . Idaentify piston , piston ring , connecting rod,

camshaft
Piston( l!):

67911 I-C Engine 2016
l! T 2 " ]8 +€ € - T o। + ! u &
"B % & $ । ! "B Š - • 7% !
` )4 ¡ € - "B § । `
9 ! , ` `-" , %~ ! %" € - । ! Q l !% / R7
"
Fig: Piston
W। piston, engine % % 2 i ©SF \ # ।
Z। "B ) " / ।
‡। " ! s/ T ªT h ।
। "B « . T
f। ¬ ! T¬ " * + F ।
Piston ring( l! ) :
Piston % ‰ & ® B / ¯ 2 $ । piston side
thrust $ ªT /P "B ~ ± ! ƒ !% " !
/P /!- " $

67911 I-C Engine 2016
Fig: Piston ring
Piston ring Z
1. Compression ring
2. Oil control ring
Compression ring : l! i # ’ ।%
y ‰& $ । ! % /
• ! "
• l! M B £
• l! : "B µ ! + ।
Oil control ring : % & ‰& + $ । l! :
"B ( ~± ! ¶ " % ~ # " ~± !
।
Piston pin:
% ! !_ . x2 • ) 8 y ।
) l! ! T !! # ।

67911 I-C Engine 2016
Fig: piston pin
l! ! + F T
1. ·4 G ! 2 ।
2. ]! ! 2 ।
3. “" ¸ & 2 ।
4. 24 !2 ।
Connecting rod :
piston and crankkshaft % 8 y - . coneecting
rod "। " : { $ ¹ - 4 ¢† s 2 1 º 2
। % x2 l! 8 • $ "B 7q )
l! M! ।% q 4 ¢† s 2 » • $ l!
& ! 2 - ! ! । %y—
l + ! ।% l! ¼` । -
¢† s 2 % u u 2 -8 ! ।

67911 I-C Engine 2016
Fig: Connecting rod
Crankshaft :
¢† s2 ! + ! •– : / । ! 5
( l! : ! & . )¸ ½ " F ।%y—
l! & 8 ¢† s2 % 9 ! 8 ! ।
! ¾ + ! । % # 5 ” ! 5B
9¿ । x! # ¸ ½ "% ÀE 7 # 2
8 , ) ± ! .4 G ,u " 4 5 $ । ` & o
L "! ।
Fig: Crank shaft

67911 I-C Engine 2016
Camshaft:
It drives valve mechanism. It converts rotary motion into
reciprocating motion . "! 4 † s2 ’" ! ‚‚‚‚‚‚‚‚‚ 8y—
^ 9 \! Ä!! 8 7 "8 o
। 4 †s 2 4 ! 2 G* " !/ !/ %
£ / G* `‚‚‚‚‚‚‚‚‚‚‚‚‚‚ ।% y — 4 † s 2 9 \ ! s "
4 ~ 4 s" % ! "2 %8/` ) ‘ Æ" :
• ।
Fig: Cam shaft

3.3 Name the moving and stationary parts of i c engine
Stationary parts of i c engine :

1.Engine head
2. air filter
3. sylenser
4. injector
5. rocker arm shaft
6. roker arm stand
7. head cover
8. gasecate
9. fuel pump
67911 I-C Engine 2016
10. water jacket
11. cylinder
12.liner
13. lub oil pump
15. oil sump
16. oil filter
17. oil line
18. strainer
Moving parts of IC engine ;

1. Crankshaft
2.camshaft
3. connecting rod
4. piston
5. roker arm
6. push raod
7. timing gear
8. bearing
9. belt
10. pully
11. procket
12. valve
13. flywheel
14. spring
15. chain
16. piston pin
3.4. Identify cylinder liner , water jacket, bearing, balve,

valve lifter, manifold flywheel, rocker arm, valve
spring,valve seat, push rod of I c engine
Cylinder liner : T % "B Š "B

q ! । 4 y " ! "B % # o।" !

67911 I-C Engine 2016
#+ y Ë " % 9" 5 ) 5" !€! " ! 8
। % /P "B Š ’" # ! y y ! ।
" ! + ! ‰
W। Ì 2 " !
Z। : 2 2 " ! । ।
Valve:
1. It increase the volumetric efficiency
2. It help proper combustion in cylinder
3. It help the intake and exhaust system for
admission charging air into cylinder and remove
exhaust gas from cylinder

67911 I-C Engine 2016
Fig: Valve
Valve lifter :
It contain the push rod and drive the valve
mechanism with the help of cam lobe of cam shaft

67911 I-C Engine 2016
Manifold :
It help the intake and exhaust system
Fig: Manifold
Flywheel :
1. It prevent the noisy sound of engine
2. It help the ideal motion to keep well.
3. It absorb the vibration of engine
4It transmit the engine power on essential field .

67911 I-C Engine 2016
Fig: Fly wheel
Fly wheel:
¸ ½ " ! : { Í 4 ¢† s 2 ÄF !\ 8 Î ।
9 7! 4 ¢† s 2 : $ ! 7! 9 4 ¢† s 2 :
।s" ! #! T " । #$ \ ! : { $ Ï
Ð । ! # ! ¸ ½ " 8 /q /P u! 9 ."
C i" ।
Rocker arm : 1. Help to the open intake and exhaust valve
3. Rocker arm pad create pressure on the valve tip for
opening the valve

67911 I-C Engine 2016
Fig: Rocker arm
Bearing( )
! T" ! # m & \ , µ ! + : † s2 y
/P "। % ’" i! i! ‚
# m ) ! , s& + , 4 5 । ÄF \ ! † s2 !
% ‰& # 8 ¼` ! Ñ ÄF ! 5 £
। + ! !/y † s2 m y ।
Fig: Engine Bearing

67911 I-C Engine 2016
4.1.Define engine cycle( ! " ")
: : % & ! % Í S! % & / G* /P
+ i " G 5! ! " "।
+ i " !Q
o !(Suction)
o !(Compression )
o : (Power)
o %8/` (Exhaust)
4.2.Define two stroke and Four stroke cycle engine ( Í-C %

T -C ! " '( )
: : Two stroke engine( Í-C !)
In the two stroke engine ,there are two strokes of the piston one
up and one down during each cycle, then it starts over again on
another cycle of the same two strokes.This whol cycle occurs
during one revolution of the crankshaft.
! –% 4 ¢† s 2 % Ä! ! l! % :% !T9
‡UX .c- # / G 5! a- { ‚! " ।
Fo’ur stroke engine(T -C !) :
In th’e two stroke engine ,there are two strokes of the piston
two up and two down during each cycle, then it starts’ over
again on another cycle of the same four strokes. This whole
cycle occurs during two revolution of the crankshaft.

67911 I-C Engine 2016
! % 4 ¢† s 2 ‰ Î! ! l! ‰ % ‰ !T9
gZX .c- # / + T -C ! "।
4.4 State the working principles of 2-stroke and 4-stroke cycle SI and CI
engines.
: : T -C . /" ! % Ò :
! Q `‚T -C !% Ò F! " T -C !T &+
/ G* ।
!T+ i" R7 "।
o !(Suction)
o !(Compression )
o : (Power)
o `%8/` (Exhaust)

67911 I-C Engine 2016
!(Suction) : !(Suction) {Ó µ % "B )

% { l!(Piston) &, ., (Top dad centre) $ ,
., (Bottom dad centre) F G H I J ।
KL (piston) , ., (Bottom dad centre) F G HN
H O IN P । Q R NS H O FOT FUVW
Q R(exhaust) OX J O ।
!(Compression ) : ! { (Suction stroke) % o
! { (Compression stroke) Ô % l! , .,
$ &, . ( Top dad centre) % 5 9 %
! 2 (intake) % %8/`(exhaust) ) ) ‘ • $ % -
[ (Space) % ¡T [ / 8 9! ! ।
: (Power): ! { (Compression stroke) % o &, .

, ( Top dad centre) Wf-Wg .c- S ! /_ Í T
! 5l ! “ " Õ(Fuel spray) s " 6"! C& %
* l! ()Piston% Ö ` % ¼l
! 2 (intake) : %8/` ) ‘ (Exhaust valve) ) • $ % {
l!(Piston) &, . , ( Top dad centre) $ , ., % 5 ।

67911 I-C Engine 2016
%8/` (Exhaust): : { (Power stroke) % o %8/`
{ (Exhaust stroke) Ô % l!(piston) , ., (Bottom
dad centre) $ &, . ( Top dad centre) % 5 %
! 2 ) ‘(Intake valve) • % %8/` ) ‘ • $ %8/`
) ‘(Exhaust valve) 5 "B ) q 5 43
4.5.Distinguish between two stroke and four stroke cycle

engine( Í-C % T -C ! % $ 4 "7)
Í-C !(two stroke T -C ! (four stroke
engine) engine)
‚! –% 4 ¢† s 2 ! % 4 ¢† s 2 ‰ Î! ! l!
% Ä!‚ ! l! % ‰ % ‰ !T9
:‚ % !T9 ‡‚UX gZX .c- # / +
.c- # / T -C ! "।
G 5! a- {
! "
T’wo stroke engine -% Four stroke engine -% ¸ ½ "
¸ ½ " x2 $ । q$ ।
two stroke engine -% Four stroke engine -% , " !-
, " !- # T - । # T ।
Tw’o stroke engine -% Four stroke engine -% 4 † s2
2 8 ‰& ! $ ‚‚ % 2 8 q `% ` 4 ¢† ‚s2
। % 2 8 x2 $ ।
two stroke engine –% Four stroke engine –% " !
" ! x× $ । ". $ ।
two stroke engine –% Four stroke engine –% . %
. % s• $ ! । s• $ ।
two stroke engine –% Four stroke engine –% 8/` ) ‘
%8/` ) ‘ $ : ! # † $ ।
:$ ।
two stroke engine –% Four stroke engine –% ! 2
!2 . Š . Ø T/ ।
।
two stroke engine –% Four stroke engine –% ) ‘ Í
l! Í ! 2 % %8/` ! 2 % %8/` ) ‘ ¶ "

67911 I-C Engine 2016
¶" । ।
4.6 Distinguish between diesel cycle and auto cycle.

Diesel engine Auto cycle engine
W. Ù 9 ! " / Ù / " /
Z. % ! ," ! : % ! !C c !
bF !C c ! zC T
zC T
‡. ! ` 2 \ 5 % a Ú! ! `2\ 5 /
Y. [ \]8 ^ ! /_ ^
f. , "!- b F \ 2 , "!- b F \ 2 ^
^ !
Chapter -05
5.1. Identify IC engine according to the number and
arrangement of cylinders ( "B ¿ % "B bF- P
#K - ! % )5 "7)
According to the number of cylinder
There are two types of engine such as
1. Single cylinder engine
2. Multy cylinder engine

67911 I-C Engine 2016
Fig: single cylinder engine
FiG: Multi cylinder engine
According to Arrangement of cylinder

There are six types of cylinder, such as
1. Inline (vertical &horizontal engine)
2. Radial engine
3. V-type engine
4. Opposed piston engine
5. Opposed cylinder engine
6. delta type engine

67911 I-C Engine 2016
Fig: Inline engine
Fig: Radial engine

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Fig: V- type engine
Fig: opposed piston engine

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Fig: Opposed Cylinder engine
5.2.Explain the engine according to valve mechanism() ‘

!/ #K !% )5 !! )
There are three types of engine
1.Over head valve mechanism.
2.Side valve mechanism.
3.Overhead &Side valve mechanism
Over head valve mechanism: % Ò !/ )‘
"B .
$ । % u . % 9 \ % /! । % + !
!/ 4 Î! ! s " 4 ~ .) ‘ "s2 : u . M" 5
।% u . 9 \ % 5 M"% # Õ
! - )‘ ` T 5 ) ‘& Æ " 5 ।% y — 4 ~
8 " )‘ Õ % £ ) ‘ u! ! % )‘ 2 •
5 ।
Fig: Over head Valve Mechanism

67911 I-C Engine 2016
Side valve mechanism. " ! )‘ i " k $

T "! . )‘ !/ " Overhead &Side
valve mechanism: " ! ) ‘i " "B . : k
$ T "! 5 :) . : . )‘ !/ " ।
5.3. Name the engine according to cooling system. (¡ "

` )j ! % )5 "7 )
Name Ans: According to cooling system ,There are three
types of engine .such as
1. Air cooled Engine
2.Liquied or water cooled engine
3.Evaporation cooled engine
5.4.Classify engine according to the type of fuels used(, " !-

#K ! )
According to the types of fuel s used, there are six
types of engine
• Diesel engine
• Petrol engine
• Gas engine
• L.N.G &L.P.G engine
• Gas diesel engine
• Hot valve ,kerosene engine
5.5.Classify engine according to the field of use ( #K -
! )5 R7 ।)

67911 I-C Engine 2016
Ans: There are different types of engine as per
field of use
• Marine engine
• Automobile engine
• Air craft engine
• Loco-motive engine or Rail engine
• Rocket and jet propulsion engine
Stationary engine
Fig: Marine diesel engine
FiG:Automobile engine

67911 I-C Engine 2016
Fig: air craft engine
Fig: Locomotive engine

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Fig: Gas engine
Fig: Jett engine

e
ter of an engine (
6.1.List the basic terms ! p" o i" R7
)
Ans :
o Bore
B
o Stroke
S length
o Piston
P d isplacement
o Engine
E displacement
o Clearance
C volume
Presented By – Md. Aslam
lam Sarkar
Sarka (Head of the Department Marine) Page 32
67911 I-C Engine 2016
o Swept volume
o Compression ratio
o Top dead centre (T.D.C)
o Bottom dead centre(B.D.C)
o Volumatric efficiency
o Horse power
o Indicated horse power (I.H.P)
o Break horse power (B.H.P)
o Friction horse power(F.H.P)
o Mean effective pressure
o Torqe
o Engine efficiency
o Specific fuel Consumption
o
6.2. Define engine bore and stroke length ( % { "$
")
Ans:Bore : "B ) % : " $ #P : "
Û j "।
F ig: Bore
Stroke length : l! "B ) Ü Û j M!
{ "$ "।

67911 I-C Engine 2016
Fig: Stroke length

6.3.Describe piston displacement, clearance volume, and
compression ratio.
: : Piston displacement ( l! . ] ˆ): & Ým7-

{ % s " l! % Í 9 ! ! C& l!
. ] ˆ "।
Clearence volume ( · º ) " ) : &, ., $ "B .
9 ! · º )" "।
Compression ratio ( ! :) ! — - 5$ !
T! " 9 ! : , S 9 ! Í ) 8 #K
! : T! #K "।
6.4.Define volumetric efficiency and torqe (9 ! 8 5y %

/ " '( )
: : Volumatric efficiency(9 ! 8 5y ): ) T :
% ! "B o : , " !- b F ! %
"B Þ )" % ‰ #K 9 ! 8 5y
"।
Torqe( /): ! 5 l\ . Ä! ! † s2 % † s2 %
". % Í * / "2 /।
67911 I-C Engine 2016
6.5.Define mean effective pressure (’" -T " '( )
: :Mean effective pressure (’" - T ): !% % &T
G* i" { % /! , & { 8q T
-/8 F 8s" ! s &) ’" -T "।
6.6.Write the air fuel ratio of petrol &diesel engine
Ans: Air fuel ratio of petrol engine 10:1
Air fuel ratio of diesel engine 16:1
6.7.Determine indicated horse power, brake horse power and
frictional horse power (ß T #ky , ± #ky % µ !"
#ky " '( )
Indicated horse power(I.H.P) : ! "B ) “ "

6" ! s " 2 : 9 ,% , ß T #ky
"।
Brake horse powr(B.H.P) :9 ,% , $ %s,% , 5 !

¸ ½ " $ : ,% , ± #ky "।
Frictional horse power(F.H.P) :9 , % , $ ,% , 5

# T : %s, % , "।
7.1.Describe the function of valve () ‘ % / ! !\ )

: :9 , , !% T "! /P + ! ‰& ) ‘ % /!
। $
W। ! 2 ) ‘ (Intake valve)
Z।%8/` ) ‘(Exhaust valve)
! 2 ) ‘(Intake valve) % /:
67911 I-C Engine 2016
! 2 )‘ ! . !2 2 \% $ 8 $ ।
%& ! 2 T /\ , " !- bF Ú ! "B
।
%8/` ) ‘(Exhaust valve) % /
%8/` ) ‘ ! 2 ) ‘ ! . %8/` 2 \% $ 8 $
।%& ! "B q 3 Ú !8 \ ! ।
7.2.Explain popet valve or mashroom valve or tulip
valve( 2 )‘ " '()
: :9 , ! % / - )‘ % - ।% / - ) ‘ % $
x 8" $ । 57 # ! 2 x ।%/P %
2 )‘ "।9 % 22 ) ‘: " । !%
) ‘i " 7! 7 " : • 7! J ¼l % 2 )‘ "
।
7.3.Describe valve mechanism of IC engine (9 ,
! % )‘ !/ F! )
: ƒ9 , , ! Ú ) T "! /P ) ‘ !/ % N # - ।
! Q )‘ !/ % F !\ R7 "।
1.Over head valve mechanism.
2.Side valve mechanism.
3.Overhead &Side valve mechanism
Over head valve mechanism: % Ò )‘ !/ "B .$
।% u .% 9 \% /! । % + ! !/ 4 Î! !
s " 4 ~ .) ‘ "s2 : u . M" 5 ।% u . 9 \ %
5 M" % # Õ ! - )‘ ` T 5
) ‘& Æ " 5 ।% y — 4 ~ 8 " )‘ Õ % £ ) ‘ u!
! % )‘ 2 • 5 ।

67911 I-C Engine 2016
Side valve mechanism. " ! )‘ i " k $

T "! . )‘ !/ " Overhead &Side
valve mechanism: " ! ) ‘i " "B . : k
$ T "! 5 :) . : . ) ‘ !/ " ।
7.7.Describe valve timing and its importance () ‘ 2 %
i j F \! )
! Q )‘ 2 % i j R7 "
Valve timing () ‘ 2 ): 4 † s2 % 4 ¢† s2 % $
7 ! ! $ 8 7 ! 5 l\ )‘ 7" % !+ /P
2 )‘ 2 "।
Importance of valve timing (i j) : ) ‘ 2 !
T "! y — % & i j SF \ / । s #. \ $ 7
! à5 l\ )‘ 7" : • ! T "! /P ) ‘ 2 # 4
/ - । !! ) ‘ 2 2 .\ %.) º " ! ! + ! á D
। ! "B #)4 s" ! ।
s " Û \" : * ।%x q ! %8/`
।#$ \ %8/` 3 â! \ ! ।Ø Ú ) )‘ 7"
% !+ /P % ! T & T ! !,
!, : , %8/` G* )‘ 2 # 4 4 i j SF \ ।

67911 I-C Engine 2016
7.8.Describe the procedure of valve timing T () ‘ 2
% Ò F \! )
: : ! Q)‘ 2 % Ò F \! "
)‘ 2 T &+ / ã*
Suction or intake stroke( ! 2 ): &, ., % Wf .c- S \

! 2 )‘ Æ " % l! , ., % 5 $ । , ., YX .c-
! { T"।
Compression stroke( !) : ! { % o !
{ Ô ।% l! , ., % YX .c- $ Ô
&, ., x Wf .c- S o ।
Power stroke( : { ): ! { % o WX-Wf .c-

S “ " ! /_ % &, ., % Wf .c- : *
। : l! ., : YX .c- S % { o ।

67911 I-C Engine 2016
Exhaust stroke(%8/` { ) : : { % Ô
%8/` { ।% { , ., % YX .c- S $ Ô &, .,
% Zf .c- T"।
8.1.Define lubrication(~ ± ! ")

: :~ ± ! : Ò Co \! ‰& s " % (7 !
~± ! ‚" 5 $\ £ " 5\ ¼` ‰&
s % [ \ 9 âF \ 7 ‰&
# ‚" 9! ! ~± ! " ।
8.2.Mension the purposes of lubricating system.(

~± ! % ä† "7)
: : ! T "! y — ~± ! # 4 /!। ! Q
~ ± ! % i j R7 "।
• ‚" ।
• MB ।
• y ।
67911 I-C Engine 2016
• J ।
• -" ।
• T + ।
• ". ! y åÒ ।
• h ।
• µ ! + ।
• m) 2 ¼!) T"
।
8.3.Classify lubricating system (~ ± & ` %
)5 "7)
: : ! Q ~± & ` % )5 R7 " ।~ ± &
Ò +! T । $
• Circulating splash x2 ! Ò
• Pressure feed system T • Ò
• Combination of splash and pressure system
æ :T • $ Ò ।
• Gravity system ) o Ò
T • ~± ! Ò 9 ‰
• Wet sum lubrication )/ ~ ± ! `
• Dry sum lubrication Ô ! ~± ! `
8.4.Describe each types of lubricating system
( 4 ~± & ` % ! !\ 5 :)
।~ ± & Ò +! T । $

67911 I-C Engine 2016
• Circulating splash x2 ! Ò
• Pressure feed system T • Ò
• Combination of splash and pressure system
æ :T • $ Ò ।
• Gravity system ) o Ò
8.5.Name the components of lubricating system
(~ ± & Ò i " ! "7)
!Q s -{ ! ç ~± & Ò /!-
! R7 "।
Oil sump (# " G)

Oil strainer (# " { ! )
Oil pump(# " G)
Oil pressure relief valve (# "
" )‘)
Oil filter (# " s• )
Oil dip stick(# " . ` )
Oil cooler (# " ¡" )
Oil pressure gauge(# " 8/)
9.1.Describe the necessity of cooling system(¡ " `
/!- ! !\ )
: : The necessity of cooling system:
! ¼l — ( - " )# & %
! 7 ¡" Ò "।% Ò - !
¼l +\ ! — ! ! ! ! —
67911 I-C Engine 2016
-Ò 7 ।s" ! èl ’
T" $ । R¿ , ! "B é ê ! —
WfXX-ZfXX : ।9 ! o [ 8"! — Wf‡t
.c- : % x x । ! "B " ! € " € -
¡" Ò ! $ " ! 8" % %y— !
’" ä† । ! $ ê / "8 ¡"
` ! 5 5: ! । ! + ! “ "
$ DE — ZX-‡X% / " 8 । ì 5 -
¡ " ,%8/` , . ! , ! 4 " # T : #P P )
# T । % y — ¡" % Wf-‡X% ।
! T "! /P # & — T "!
9 † ।#P$ ! y % )\ 5y
।% ¡" ` xq ! T "! $ )
! । ¡" ` ! # Ò ।
9.2.Classify cooling system(¡ " ` )5 "7 )

Ans: There are three kinds of cooling system .such as
1.Air cooled system (direct cooling)
2.Water cooled system (Indirect cooling )

3.Evaporation cooled system
9.3.Describe each type of cooling system

Ans: There are three kinds of cooling system .such as
1.Air cooled system(direct cooling)
2.Water cooled system (Indirect cooling )
3.Evaporation cooled system

67911 I-C Engine 2016
Air cooled system : x 2 x 2 % " " ! /P

% ¡" ` ½ । %y— 2 ", -
2í-, q / / % o+ ! Ï ! y—% Ò î
$ । % ¡" ! "B T k 2 " € %
s! $ । ! + ! ! ! ÀE 7 5
$ % s! # ! % $ । ! ! T" s!
s s ï ! T" T" ! #
Û - ! । #! y— % ! åÒ /P
" ,% ._ ½ ।# : % ¸
! ! /P # ! y — Š î $ ।% ¡ " Ò
# ! !) , [ \9 :Ë
+ " y— % :Ë + " !y ।
Water cooled system (Indirect cooling):% Ò !

£ ! MB % y — MB ! ! "B ! 5l
— ¡" $ q : ( " 9 ,
! %) M B MB ! "B T 5 : 2
67911 I-C Engine 2016
/4 2 : "B $ :Ë o!
8 M % 8 ! - . 2 2
%í MB % u! ! MB %) !
¡" T " R¿ , ! MB ! µ
: 2 "% µ : 2 MB ! -: 2 " 5:
"¡ . ¡ " P T " % s "& Ò #+
y— s "& Ò î s "& Ò
+ ! #2 " % ! ! )* )*
#2 " µ : 2 Í MB # y !
! µ : 2 ¡" /P 2 % í ।
9.4.List the components of engine cooling system

Ans:There are differents type components of cooling
system.such as
Radiator
Pressure cap
Fan
Fan belt
Water pump
Water jacket
Thermostate valve
Connecting hose
Liquid of coolent
cooling component

67911 I-C Engine 2016
Radiator pressure cap
Radiator fan
9.5.Mension the purpose of using antifreeze solution of cooling

system / 2 + - × ! ä†
Ans: / 2 + - × ! ä†:
- "- ! 5 $ 5$ " - +! 5 ! # MB
- " ! !/ ! % ! 5 " 5 $ ,
/ + -× ! "।
!Q/ + -× ! 55† R7 "
67911 I-C Engine 2016
- "- ! ! / + -× ! " X .c- :
— !/ !
- "- ! ! 8 b $ %2
! / ! " s/ "B Š s 2
$ y ।
- "- ! ! %2 ! % %2 )
) ! : - # 7 % - "- !
! ! " / 5 ! ।
7! %2 ! 8 × -L 7! %2 b "
5 $ ð2! Æ - 5 ! ।
/ + - × ! ! 5l "¬ + \
i! i! !l !
9.7.List the trobles of cooling system (¡ " ` á
$ )
Ans:
• Water pump problem
• Water jacket rustry
• Hose connection wrong
• Engine bloke broken
• Liner rubber ring fault
• Thermostate valve problem
• Cooling fan problem
• Less water of radiator
• Radiator lickage
• Hose pipe problem
• Head gasket leack
• Cooling water freeze
• Cooling water rustry
9.8.Mension the function of thermostrate valve ($ `4 2 ) ‘ %
/ !! )
: : ¡" Ò # /!- ! "B .: . 2
# ! T~ # Ú : ! 5 — ! ! /P
i j# - # & — Æ" ! MB ! T~
67911 I-C Engine 2016
+ ! gf-tX .c- : — Æ" 9 ¬ % eX-ef .c-
: — ñ* Æ " ।
Fig: Thermostate Valve
10.1.Describe SI and CI engine fuel system (% ,9 ,% ,9

! “ " ` !! )
†h c×wZ‡Z wewfbœ hbÍvsk I miÄvgvwì Kvh©µ‡gi gva¨‡g wW‡Rj
BwÄ‡bi wmwjÛv‡i ev K¤^vkb †P¤^v‡i wW‡Rj dy‡qj‡K `nb Dc‡hvMx K‡i
mieivn Kiv nq , †mB mg¯Í Kvh©µg‡K dz‡qj mvcøvB wm‡÷g ev dz‡qj
Bb‡RKkb wm‡÷g e‡j |
, 9 , ! % “ " ` : . /" ! $ ! { Ô•
"B ! %y— # † Ô
# "B . ! /! # : ! { "B
#)4 #! - T ¡T ! s " "B
#)4 # 4+ T % — ¼l % ! { %
o 5 ! /_ , " !- ! /_ ! “ " ! /_
y— . /" “ " # † ÜT G £ ! /_ F
"B ) ! /_ /! ।

67911 I-C Engine 2016
% ,9 , ! “ " ` :% + ! “ " ` % % “ "

F ! "B
% y — “ " 24 ,“ " G , 2 ’" # % % “ " bF
"B #)4 px ! /P 2 "।

67911 I-C Engine 2016
10.2.Describe the function of carburetor of SI engine

: : 2 1" ! 2 " !! %2 : ," !-
b! € "B ! % i jS! /& G*
, " !- % bF € % 8! ! % Í !
* 2 xq % . 9 ! |! ! %y—
2 , " !- %2 /. 8 b ।
10.3.Classify fuel injection system

Ans:three are two types of fuel injection system .such as
1.Pressure feed fuel injection system
2.Gravity feed fuel injection system

67911 I-C Engine 2016
MÖvwfwU wdW dz‡qj wm‡÷g : †h c×wZ‡Z MÖvwf‡Ukbvj †dv‡m© dz‡qj ¯^vfvweK
fv‡e nvB-‡cÖmvi cv‡¤úi mvKkb mvB‡W P‡j Av‡m ev mieivn nq †m c×wZ‡K
MÖvwfwU wdW dz‡qj mieivn wm‡÷g |
‡cÖmvi wcW dy‡qj wm‡÷g : †h c×wZ‡Z cwi®‹vi dz‡qj‡K U¨vsK ‡_‡K UªvÝdvi
cv¤ú ev wdW cv‡¤úi gva¨‡g wKQzUv Pv‡c nvB †cÖmvi cv‡¤úi mvKkb mvB‡W P‡j
Av‡m ev mieivn nq †m c×wZ‡K ‡cÖmvi wcW dz‡qj mieivn wm‡÷g |
Fig: Pressure feed fuel system

67911 I-C Engine 2016
10.4.Describe injection system of diesel engine

Ans: , 9 , ! % “ " ` : . /" ! $ ! { Ô•
"B ! %y— # † Ô
# "B . ! /! # : ! { "B
#)4 #! - T ¡T ! s " "B
#)4 # 4+ T % — ¼l % ! { %
o 5 ! /_ , " !- ! /_ ! “ " ! /_
y — . /" “ " # † ÜT G £ ! /_ F
"B ) ! /_ /! ।
% ,9 , ! “ " ` :% + ! “ " ` % % “ "

F ! "B
% y — “ " 24 ,“ " G , 2 ’" # % % “ " bF
"B #)4 px ! /P 2 "।
10.5.Describe each type of fuel injection system SI &CI engine
Ans: , 9 , ! % “ " ` : . /" ! $ ! {
Ô• "B ! %y— # † Ô
# "B . ! /! # : ! { "B
#)4 #! - T ¡T ! s " "B
#)4 # 4+ T % — ¼l % ! { %
o 5 ! /_ , " !- ! /_ ! “ " ! /_
67911 I-C Engine 2016
y — . /" “ " # † ÜT G £ ! /_ F
"B ) ! /_ /! ।
% ,9 , ! “ " ` :% + ! “ " ` % % “ "

F ! "B
% y — “ " 24 ,“ " G , 2 ’" # % % “ " bF
"B #)4 px ! /P 2 "।
10.6.List the components of fuel system of a diesel engine
Ans:
o Fuel tank
o Strainer
o Low pressure line
o Medium pressure line
o High pressure line
o Fuel transfer pump
o Filter
o Injector
Fuel tank: BwÄ‡bi cÖ‡qvRbxq dz‡qj Rgv ivLvB nj dz‡qj U¨vsK Gi g~j
KvR |
Fig: Fuel tank

67911 I-C Engine 2016
Fuel transfer pump : Bnvi KvR nj dzy‡qj‡K U¨vsK †_‡K wKQzUv Pv‡c
nvB-‡cÖmvi cv‡¤úi mvKkb mvB‡W ˆcv‡Q ‡Ìqv |
Fig: High pressure pump
Fuel filter :dz‡qj wdëvi Gi KvR nj BwÄ‡b eën&ªZ dz‡qj Gi gqjv

cwi®‹vi Kiv |

67911 I-C Engine 2016
Fig: Fuel filter
Fuel infector or Nozzle: dz‡qj Bb‡R±i BwÄ‡bi Ab¨Zg GKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y©

|
GB h‡šÍi KvR nj dz‡qj ev R¡vjvbx‡K AwZ m~ÿ m~ÿ KYvq cwiYZ K‡i
wmwjÛv‡ii K¤^vkb †Pg¦v‡i †Kvqvkvi AvKv‡i ‡¯ú Kiv |

67911 I-C Engine 2016
11.1. Describe the function of exhaust and Intake system( ! 2
: %8/` ` % !! )
: :
Intake system( ! 2 Ò ) : Ò µ ”% !
"B ) ! !2 ` "।
Components ( ):
• Air filter (% s• )
• Intake manifold( ! 2 ! s …)
• Intake port( ! 2 2)
• Supercharger(Ø T / )
• Intake valve( ! 2 ) ‘)
Description( !! ) : ! 2 { % ! 2 ) ‘ % ) 5 !
"B µ % । !(Suction) {Ó µ %
"B ) % { l!(Piston) &, ., (Top dad
centre) $ , ., (Bottom dad centre) % 5 $
l!(piston) , ., (Bottom dad centre) % 5 7! 7!
! 2 )‘ Æ " % %8/` ) ‘(exhaust) • $ ।

67911 I-C Engine 2016
Exhaustsystem(%8/` Ò ) : Ò "B ) q 3
5: %8/` Ò "।
Components( ):
• Exhaust port(%8/` 2)
• Exhaust manifold(%8/` ! s …)
• Silencer( "º )
• Exhaust valve(%8/` ) ‘)
Description( !! ) : "B ) q 3 !8 !
%8/` Ò । % l!(piston) , ., (Bottom dad centre)
$ &, . ( Top dad centre) % 5 % !2
) ‘(Intake valve) • % %8/` ) ‘ • $ %8/` ) ‘(Exhaust
valve) 5 "B ) q 5 43 ।
11.2.List the components of intake and exhaust system of

ICengine( ! 2 %8/` ` i " ! "7)
Ans: there are differents components of intake and exhaust
system of IC engine .given below those components
Intake system( ! 2 Ò ) :
• Air filter (% s• )
• Intake manifold( ! 2 ! s …)
• Intake port( ! 2 2)
• Supercharger(Ø T / )
• Intake valve( ! 2 ) ‘)
Exhaustsystem(%8/` Ò ) :
• Exhaust port(%8/` 2)
• Exhaust manifold(%8/` ! s …)
• Silencer( "º )
• Exhaust valve(%8/` ) ‘)

67911 I-C Engine 2016
11.3..write the differents types of air filter
Ans: There are differents types of air filter .such aas
• Primary air filter
• Secondary filter
• Dry type air filter
• Viscuss impigment air filter
• Roton type air filter
• Oil batehe type air filter
• Thermmostratic air filter
Fig: Dry roton Air filter

67911 I-C Engine 2016
Fig :oil bath air filter
11.4.Deifne manifold and silencer ( "º % ! s…

")
: :
! s …: ! . ! 2 : %8/` 2 $ • $
! s… " ।

67911 I-C Engine 2016
Fig : Intake manifold
"º : ! "B ) *! / B 5: /P
: $ "º "।
Fig: Silencer
12. Understand the Concept of Modern IC Engine.
12.1 Define hybrid vehicle.
© ।। \] ) 4 "ƒ " ) 4" '( ) 4 "‰ & $ ।

F ^ ) 4 " ," ! Í T" ¬ ! ! $, Ð 7 /P % &
T /\ " ` $ । \] ) 4 " 9 : #P P ! O /
"8 ! $ ।

67911 I-C Engine 2016
12.2 Meaning of VVT-i, VTEC, EFi, DOHC, DVVT.
Ans:
VVT-I = Variable Valve Timing with intelligence
VTEC = Variable Valve Timing and Lift Electronic Control
EFI = Electronic Fuel Injection
DOHC = Double Over Head Cam
DVVT = Double Variable Valve Timing
12.3 Difference between VTEC and VVT-i.

Ans: The Difference between VTEC and VVT-I are given below
VTEC:
W. %& 4 † s2 Ì ) % ! 2 4 † s2 % ÷ ! 2 )" 2
Z. %& ! 2 ) " ©" !
‡. %& 2 2 G! \ D
Y. ! )" 2 4 † s2 Ì ) % ! 2 4 † s2 % !) \
f. # " 4 † s2 # ! ÷
VVT-i.:
W.%& Y { ! 9 ! 5y å Ò
Z.%& ! 2 ) " © "! % ) " 2 \!
‡. %& B G! \ D
Y. ! T" ! # %& ) " ZX-fX .c- #c $
f. G 2 # \! control

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0101

INFRA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE ,BARISAL

I-C Engine Principle

[Type text] Page 1

Understand the basic concepts of IC engine.

1.1 Define engine & IC engine.

Engine: An Engine is a device which converts heat energy into

#$ ! " % !% & '( )* + ! , " !- !

Presented By – Md. Aslam Sarkar (Head of the Department Marine) Page 2

IC Engine : IC means Internal Combustion . Internal means

1.2.Define heat and heat engine( % ! ")

Presented By – Md. Aslam Sarkar (Head of the Department Marine) Page 3

Heat engine : "

1.3 Differentiate between CI engine and SI engine. (% ,9 % 9

Presented By – Md. Aslam Sarkar (Head of the Department Marine) Page 4

2. Understand the functions of IC engine.

2.2 Explain the importance of the IC engine.

Fig: Marine engine

Presented By – Md. Aslam Sarkar (Head of the Department Marine) Page 5

2.3 Explain the role of IC engine as a prime mover in different

Understand the Constructional and Operational features ,Types

3.1 Identify cylinder head, Bloke and

Presented By – Md. Aslam Sarkar (Head of the Department Marine) Page 6

Fig: Engine head

Fig: Engine head

Presented By – Md. Aslam Sarkar (Head of the Department Marine) Page 7

Fig: Engine block

Fig: Engine crankcase

3.2 . Idaentify piston , piston ring , connecting rod,

Presented By – Md. Aslam Sarkar (Head of the Department Marine) Page 8

Presented By – Md. Aslam Sarkar (Head of the Department Marine) Page 9

Fig: Piston ring

Presented By – Md. Aslam Sarkar (Head of the Department Marine) Page 10

Fig: piston pin

Presented By – Md. Aslam Sarkar (Head of the Department Marine) Page 11

Fig: Connecting rod

Fig: Crank shaft

Presented By – Md. Aslam Sarkar (Head of the Department Marine) Page 12

Fig: Cam shaft

Stationary parts of i c engine :

Moving parts of IC engine ;

3.4. Identify cylinder liner , water jacket, bearing, balve,

Cylinder liner : T % "B Š "B

Presented By – Md. Aslam Sarkar (Head of the Department Marine) Page 14

Presented By – Md. Aslam Sarkar (Head of the Department Marine) Page 15

Presented By – Md. Aslam Sarkar (Head of the Department Marine) Page 16

Presented By – Md. Aslam Sarkar (Head of the Department Marine) Page 17

Fig: Fly wheel

Presented By – Md. Aslam Sarkar (Head of the Department Marine) Page 18

Fig: Engine Bearing

Presented By – Md. Aslam Sarkar (Head of the Department Marine) Page 19

4.2.Define two stroke and Four stroke cycle engine ( Í-C %

Presented By – Md. Aslam Sarkar (Head of the Department Marine) Page 20

Presented By – Md. Aslam Sarkar (Head of the Department Marine) Page 21

!(Suction) : !(Suction) {Ó µ % "B )

: (Power): ! { (Compression stroke) % o &, .

Presented By – Md. Aslam Sarkar (Head of the Department Marine) Page 22

4.5.Distinguish between two stroke and four stroke cycle

Presented By – Md. Aslam Sarkar (Head of the Department Marine) Page 23

4.6 Distinguish between diesel cycle and auto cycle.

Presented By – Md. Aslam Sarkar (Head of the Department Marine) Page 24

Fig: single cylinder engine

FiG: Multi cylinder engine