Dl-:l ,1\1·: - UE l 't\HTAI\IENTO DE SI STEI\IAS

UFRGS
~\
t-:Lt'.:THI C OS l)E ,\ LITOl\ l 1\ C' 1\0 t·: ENF:HCIA
l ' H0 \'1\ 1 - l 11-,lr 1111 1<·11 l :11J 10 F 1111 d:1 1;H·1 1l :il p :1r:1 C'.111drnlr · r·
~)
..__,
UNIVCll~IDJ\01 rtOClll\l J\ 1110111:11;:io: 1-: NC: lílíl 2'.!
00 1;'1 0 GIII\NOI IX) SUl
l' r nf'. V;i\ 1wr ll n 1~:-i 111 :1r1· lln - 20 1K/ 02 DELAE

,u 1 , (1 ( r '.!" eJJ ( 1)

:\ i'SSl' (' ilS() il J't 'SJ',I( 111 lil /?, (' clt' i ('l llllll;J rl;1 ;1 T 211 ( . (' ,; r11r!l('('J( \;t rir· 11111 1;1 111 \r, rl c· r·; il i hnir;,111:
/?,. (i _l !l. liO c·rn 11 q,-,,,:
d <' fa1 111 r!P l'o l H'rt m;i - 1·()11sir l1' J<' 111 -x . A 1·1 ,11s t ;111t<' /l (J. 00--l" C' 1.
sa lH'lll l iH,<' q 11<' o \i111i l1 ' rlc• 1' \ J() fi l':1 rl1•11 t 1() ri<- ± 1'/,. /1. 11 11 •rl irl ;1 d :1 T 1•111 1><•r;iri1rn T foi ti •i til co 11 1 11 11 1
1<'1'1lll lll11'1]'() C[1 l<' ('111 :, ]ll(•rl 1cl ;1s )!;1'1'( )11 lllllil ]11(\ \ i;i ri,• T :~()' (' (' 1111 1 d1•s , ·i11 p;1rl\'il (I rT 1. 'Jº (' , ()
('('1'1 i1in 1<\1) il 1'SS(' ( ('l lll () Jll(' I J() i11 cl il'il lllllil ÍJl( '('J' l l'Zil ili· ] " (' ('()I li f;lf o r ri,· ('()l)( •J'I IIJ'il /.,-
:2 . l)l'1 1•n 11i111· ()
,·:11 ,)1' d, • /? cl,i C n <' -;11;1 ÍlH'l'l' t <'z,1 1•111 T - :\l l"C ('<lllSÍ rlc-r:111r l1> ;1s <· c,111 l i1:1H'-; f<ln 11•r·i1 l:1s r·rn11 11111 11 Í\'l•I ri,,
r·o11h:111<::1 d 1 n:-t;.. [2.í j
C 1l11sidr·H' 11111 :111 1pl ifil'ar\ ,1r 11:1 1·011h g11rn,;iin rl ik n·1H ·i;il 1·c111 1 g;inli o rlc --lfl rlll 111,111t :11l 11 r·n11 1 11 111 OPA l\ lf-'
1·11,ia clcnsid;icl<' rl1• r11ícl11 r\;i t <•11s;io 1•q 11i, ·a l<•11t,• ,•st:i. 111os tracl ;i 11 :1 F ig11rn J. D <'s<·1111s id, •rr• ;1 ri<'11s icl;i rl,, ,1<-
n 1í cl, > d:1 c·1>1T<'lll<' <' d, •t n 111i1 H':

• Q 11ii\ 11 , ·;dor 1!:1 l l'n siio IUd S d, , rnído d:1 s :1íd;1 p;1rn :> l,;i11 cl:1 dr• 1(1 H z ;i :Zl!O!ltl H z. Ohs.: E sr ·,,\lia
1)s \'ilhm's d,, n 'sis t<' IH' Í;1s p ar;i o g :1 11 h o fonl<'ci do .
• Co11 s icl1•n ' ;1 s aícln d ('SSt' :1111 pl ih (';1do r ligado <' Il i 11111 1·011v, ,r :=:or AD . Q 1rn\ o 11 ú1 111'1'1> 1wíxi1 w > d <' bi ts
(Jlll' e::-::-t' t·u11 1t•r sur p u dl'ria il]Jl'l'SC'Jl tar para evi tar u ··su111breu11 1c•11 tu·· d l' r u íclu'I

50
~ 1
Vccz • ±15 V
Aw • 10
>
~

1 40
l_ --
Rs " 20 O
··- >- . ·r~ • 2s·c
..! 1\
~

- -t·
0 111 1
>.,
!!
30 - -~· 1

-i 1
,;
í
?:~
;;;
.2
g.
20

10
~

- 1,-
"' ~"" -

·-
1
1
1
k =

"'
>
1
~

o
,_J
10 40 100 400 1 k H
-
10 k 4-0 k 100 k
f - Froquoncy - Hz

f igma 1: Cmva de' clc•11sicl acl1• <IP rnído <'<piiva 1<,11tc'.

i-1
r·_.)

r• ·
v UllSH 1 11
1, . , 11111 , , ,0 cí•
.
t1·111 11111 sc'11sor d<' t.c•111 J><'rnt11rn q11<' t1•111 rn11a s1•w,ihi lida d1• <i<' 10 111V /°C . Cm1sitll'H'
' ' . .
, , \'tJI'<' J>J'<'<'is:1 f:1 z1 •r 111 u 1.<'l'lll tJlll<' i n, J>ara a discÍ J) li11a <h • ins t n11111 ' 11la<;ii.1J n>111 111ua faixa
\.all l 1)('Jll C[ 111 ' ' ' ' .
d<· ,•ntnui.i dr· - 2üº C a J00º C'. Cak11l<' a n •st1hH:iio ( \in<' ri<' q11a\q11<'1' tip<_• d<' r11íclo (' n 1_11s Hl<'r.tll(ltl <IS
1. - . 1·,1 1,. 11· ~) --1, 1J s<•11sor f.Jr li!rndo dir!'t.;i111<'11t.1 · a 11111a J>lnc:a AD dP 12 h1t.s ,·0111 11111;1 l aL\il ri(' <'lltrnda
(~)Ili H 10('S ·• ·' '' ' ' ••

d,•:

l'u r liln>r d1ri,i11-~•· 11 p 1-.'lxinia plÍ)sÍll n ...

N<H ilf; do a l1111n:
 \t: 1IHl.!'2 1 \< ; l tll l'.22
\11 ~ 1111 1, ~l 111 11 !.1111 1 111 d 1•;1 l il ( '11J 1l1 • d r• 1• . \ 11t , 11 11r tc,·r1,, , ';,gr· 1 ,,r 1
:1 ,-) \ º :1 + ,-) \ '
li ( 'o11sid(T:\ll d o <[li<' (l<'S<'.)'ll
· . '
lH>s· 11 111 .i· 1·(,so
· 111c;:10 <11· li . Ili ( ' <' q11 <· \ºIH '<' <·s i n' 11.~:111<!0 11 11 1 c·o 11vc•rsor A 1)
1·n 111 <'Ili rnd :, <k () '·1 ~> \ '·· 111·11.1·1,1(, 11111 <.·11•<.111·1o p:,rn 1p 11· :1 t 1·11s:H1 1 "sc·11 s <·11so r 11 1tl11.C' 1od:i :i 111:1rgr·11
J · ·

1
d1• <'nt rn d;, d o •1\ 1) <' <1<·1l ,,.111111(
· , 1) IIII IJl ('I (1 <1(' 1111:-,
· IJl'('l'SS:J J' ·J() p:1 r:1 :1I l'iicl(•r ('SS:1 n •sl J' ·l(,";J() .

' ' [:w j

J -t C'nnsid<'rt' <t1 H' \ '(H'<' poss 11i 11 lllll ll Í111< ·t ro <·0111 :1s <'S i>< Ti li c:1,o('S d :1 lig11 r:1 (11:Í 111 <'Jlí1S d<· 11 111 :11 10 ). 11;i <'Sc:il:1
<k 2()() \ . (' ('Sl<'.i:1 (~l~!Hh_lj)ill ' :1 :,()º (' .

:, D1' l<' r 111i1H' :, ÍIH'<Tt <'z{ ( r~~ d<'SS<' i11s l rn1, 11•1tl o .
h Q 11:1] :1 r<'soh 1, :1 0 d :1 ll l<'<lid a (h :1s<'ado 110 d is pl:1_,·)' 1

o o i
B.ueline Wtcertainty
l.npu_!__ - rf ·--1 i m 1 - -h:11: ,I
. c.'.l.1.:- , ...rm - lloor nf : .:i 1,i m-1 - ~ d1 nt-;;/
Un:_ertninly modílier:s
'Tt•Jn~P.l.'l lllf~ f'O'= fh:~·pnt Cl !.:.> :=t•iJ:,(: ) por "(' ~ - :n j ~("
t0 18 í :uvi .:. ~, 'i"". rr, =: 1 ...
11m~

Fiµ;11r:1 2: F1111do d <' <'Sc:tl :1 do 1111,II í11H'I ro F ig11 rn :l : Dc•sni,:io d ;is i1t<'<'rt <•1.:1s

[:W]
Cous id<'r<' o cir!'l 1i l o :1 s<'µ;11 ir d<• 11 111 S<' 11sor (HTD) li)!;: tdo a 111 11:1 111 ,ilh :1 d<' hli11d ng1•111. [scolh ,1 :1 lign<J io du
t errfl :1d<'q lli1do <' .J USTIF IQ UE A ESC'O LII:\ . Se• JiC'('C'ss:í r io f:H;:i 11so cl<- 111.,<l<-los el{•t r ico,.: <'q llÍ \':1lc-•11tl',- .

íl
RTD ~'>
L
l
'! NC
1
l•i ~
BRIDGE
ANO

1
o••G
UITS
1
'--

l l'fl

Fig;urn 4: Lignçiio do ílTD

[tílj
G. QUESTÃO BÓNUS: U111 g;rn po Í<'Z o l:ihorntório J (íl11ído <•ktrn111ag11étirn) . N<'SS<' Lah . ('Xist(' u111
artigo q11c d escrc v<> uu1 proccdiul<'ulo parn estimar (medir indir<'I am('llte) a co11staut(' d<' I3olt.zman11.
Na on.u;ião o grupo que apresentou o la.horntório n ?í.o o ut.ew s11c<~sso nessa t.ar('f'H. O cx1wrime11to foi
refeito ohscrvm1do alg;u11s c uidados (e sq?;11i11do rigorosarn<'tlt,<' o nrtigo) e ohtiwm10s aproxim adame 11tt>
k ~ 5 x 10- i:i . Os prilll<'iros DO IS a lunos qu<' tro11xcrc 111 uma medida dessa <'onsl.autc ck11t ro ckssa on k rn
de! µ;ra11dc•za: [1 o- '.n , I o- :.M], tcr;í, 11111 bô nus d <' ;j Pts ll<'ssa prova. V1ílido ap<•11as pma os dois pritu<'iros
alu11 os - co11dic-io11a.do a apn•sc~111 :içiio dos rc•s1tltados 0. d e <·onto foi fpit.o o pro<·c•di111 e uto d l'I a ll1ada111e11f<' . [3 f'l·s]

N"111<' d" al111u,: f.i11a l da prn\'a

 ~1

K' l I< I
--
({,1 f( z

~ '

í"\\ ll

~o l,\B G /ÜO 10a

r-J'v - _ ei. f-,2-

1
f<. 1

Pr
~ .
-t- 1-"
f/
 =

r r
' ' :t

f 11 ;;o cru ~1,i:}

~ L
~u H8

- '1.:.
j ç ~~ . ~ C' . +

)os - i a- i <. (, 2n eco _1a .,

----
+ ),
_\ -

G ✓
V:_; = ~ ~ ~ o 10- '.) + Ç, I 7 ~ '3 Hf G

(<_ Q = LS ~/2. L5 B :

LSB = a,s - l-o, SJ :. l

2'"' - \ .:)_ ""'- ~

~Q_ > '\J o LSB 7 \Jº -' .

'> \} o

<J)' <' R 2 ""- 1

,? fÇ\ 'Ío
-+ ~ > <~ h ~<' R1 V• + 1) '> f'f'-

~L~)

,-rv :. <' 1

-
~ «G-
-
1-
'V
Í"º
.t
1,1 ~, I J"º

~,
 (9 'íV
~ -- ··
s ( '~J \J _bo,""\{ ,--~.
n:. <l

-~ --- .
/ 5(JSc
SCD ( t.,f\')J ºe,:: ~ q Y, .2_ . 1r,;:i ºC,.i'
2 V-.. - 2, '--( ')(_,, - SY

bJ
+ 5
ç

Rc., :: :25 i .0-

= ~
~) = 1 !i2.
~N'f'

~
{<._~
!\~ ~~ :: ~i...a. R, = 1Í l l
.. '5 \[ (< L 7:: 2() i_ _[l_ 8--l\ -- <S l.n

Ri)
Na -- N"" \ f( ~
í<,+R "\
.
R,, R,_J
~-\
+ r; .
~ R~:~.f \\ . R,,
(< '\

~~
.z s
-b -- Ry
R>i+- RL.-\
R{
R1
+ R2..
-
<s
'-(.__
'
~~
~+-\<-'-\
::
- -~---
~
1
~tu.
R, .e s. ~3 = ~L\
-
1 -- f<..1 + R2
~ R"> i R\..\ {\ 1
J
,<6
(o
~1 -- R1 -t- R2..
~, ~ R2..
-
<5
e
= _,2 5
<G
,

"f <! O [Z'\ -- Rz

C
+ R2..
-i
~1
--
~ <6 (Z. 1 (<_ 1 = 6 j_ D- Ri. ::- 2-0 ;.__o_

0,0 { 7
✓--
40o - l - ..w") -------~ ~\~ M -- 14 ~
1~W
/"("\
~
,< ~ - i
[m~=
 '- '- - o, 0 0 \ 11 \ 1 ( ·\ \J J 1 \ ~ ( lj 1 J j

\ 1(")C\ ) \ l ' J(J

e_/

V
(§) ~ UM ~ .i- ~ ~ ~ ~ /UJI ~
~~ - ~~ m_ ~ ~ ~~~
}~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ Mv(Y)_ ~ ~ .

~ ('.) I'~ ~ ~ ~ ~ An- ~ ~ ~

~~) ~~~~~~~ ► ~
.,k ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ . ~~i<:.t't--~~~~~~~~~Cc,,

(!)~~~ ~ IUT\ ~ J ~ ) ~
~ ~ ~ - ~ -~ Â} ~ 4" ~
M ~ ~~ ~ ~ , ;_ ~~ k " ' 4 . ~ ~
~ ~4;~ ~ /UJ\ ~ -
 - G + Ol l1 ') ' ) I
I { 1~

0,9' J \' :1 5
,}- ' ,/

l._ l \-,
1
I ' ') ~

s ~
;.,.,,,u.: J~
p ,<µOf~4.9
ir ,<.J ;~.,J...,
~J~
\j 1ª e _}J\-vJ~, ~
N = (0. - ~ ::: ~
.l -2 R... _l ,u;J~

f(_ e R, l1 ' o( \ 1 _ _zo·cJ) ' ~ \ { 4 0,004 Coo -zo)) '

.__/ CRo =- 1 O~
J 0,J - ) .00

j 7>- (
1 ) í[)

J L/ _/ É' y-
::. -2, ,D.,, \ Q_ , 11·d e""-- :: bíJ
~ _..., Co
JocJ- rY'~}
J Cs -;: 1 N ::: ""- - 1 :: ~
L/
e)~ '~
ol ~
o,i-;o J

N _.._, oCl
...__/ ~
o,S Cant = 1
2

e~ " ô \l- - l{ -t ol li - 1fa •e l)

';)~<l

C ,1. "" d?- - Q" - z~Y eJ R- 0

';)o(

u = Jl . ..U.e,
 y / r-J
) \ / li

\
l '---;') ,,.)
/ / ..,>
r'

'1

J :: 2 2 '-2.. . ; Cd ( - 2 1 Lf~.
1

/~
(\ = ~.<y =-t_"j _Q

~-:: (,2L{ ~