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شبكات سيسكو‬

Ethernet Addressing

➢ Ethernet Technologies, Wi-Fi and

Bluetooth use unique identifiers in
communications within a network
segment .

➢ An Identifiers is called media access

PCI NIC
control address (MAC address) and each PCI WNIC USB WNIC
NIC or WNIC or ethernet port is assigned
a unique address by the manufacturer.

➢ A MAC Address is 48-bits hardware 38-60-77-B7-25-31 3860.77B7.2531

number recognizable as six groups of two
hexadecimal digits (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 38:60:77:B7:25:31 386077B72531
9, A, B, C, D, E, F), separated by hyphens,
colons, period or without a separator.
Frames (LLC) sublayer
Protocols
2. Data Link Layer
➢ A MAC Address is used in the (MAC)
sublayer of the data link layer of OSI Protocols
Model. It is often referred to as a (MAC) sublayer
hardware address or a physical address.
Protocols

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Hexadecimal Numbering
8 4 2 1
Hexadecimal Decimal Binary
12 Hexadecimal Digits ( 48 bits )
0 0 0 0 0 0
1 1 0 0 0 1 38-60-77-B7-25-31
2 2 0 0 1 0
3 3 0 0 1 1
4 4 0 1 0 0
0011 1000 0110 0000 0111 0111 1011 0111 0010 0101 0011 0001
5 5 0 1 0 1
6 6 0 1 1 0
7 7 0 1 1 1 0011 10XY
8 8 1 0 0 0
9 9 1 0 0 1 Y = 0 : Unicast
A 10 1 0 1 0 Y = 1 : Multicast
B 11 1 0 1 1
X = 0 : Globally Unique
C 12 1 1 0 0
D 13 1 1 0 1 X = 1 : Locally Administered
E 14 1 1 1 0 X = 1 indicates that the MAC address is changed by local machine administrator.
F 15 1 1 1 1
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Types of MAC address

PC2

PC1 PC3
➢ A unicast MAC Address is the Switch
unique address used when a frame
is sent from a single transmitting
device to a single destination PC4
device.

PC2
01-80-C2-00-00-00 → 01-80-C2-FF-FF-FF Multicast
PC1 PC3 Group
➢ A multicast MAC Address allows a Switch
device to send a frame to a group
of devices. Devices that belong to
a multicast group can receive the PC4
frame.
PC2

PC1 PC3
Switch
➢ A broadcast MAC Address allows
to a device to send a frame to all
PC4
host on the local network, this
address is FFFF.FFFF.FFFF

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MAC Address Structure

12 Hexadecimal Digits ( 48 bits ) or (6 Bytes)

➢ A MAC Address is a number represented in
hexadecimal format, it consists of 12 hexadecimal
digits that equal to 48 bits or 6 Bytes.
38-60-77-B7-25-31
6 Hexadecimal Digits 6 Hexadecimal Digits
( 24 bits ) ( 24 bits )
➢ A MAC Address has two portions :
1. Organizationally Unique Identifier (OUI).
2. Vendor-assigned. 38-60-77 B7-25-31
Organizationally Unique Vendor-assigned
Identifier (OUI)
➢ The organizationally unique identifier (OUI)
portion is a 24-bit number that uniquely identifies
the manufacturer, OUI is assigned by IEEE. ➢ https://dnschecker.org/mac-lookup.php

Address Prefix : 38:60:77

Vendor / Company : Pegatron corporation

➢ The vendor-assigned portion of the MAC address
is just that, the alphanumeric identifier assigned by Start Address : 386077 000000
the vendor.
End Address : 386077 FFFFFF

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MAC Address Randomization

➢ Android, iOS, and Windows 10 use randomized MAC addresses when connecting to a new Wi-Fi network .

➢ MAC Address Randomization feature can be disabled.

➢ MAC Address Randomization increases user privacy.

0E:FB:40:9A:38:C2 04:BA:8D:09:30:5E C8-5F-AF-27-59-DA 09-8D-D0-60-FE-6E

AP1 AP2

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MAC Address Cloning/Spoofing

➢ Some cable companies authorize your cable modem based on it's MAC address. Every DOCSIS cable
modem has a unique one. When your modem boots up, it attempts to talk to your cable provider, and
the provider will either grant or deny it access based on it's MAC.

Cable Modem Router

0E:FB:40:9A:38:C2 PC1

Internet Service Provider PC2

UTP Cable

PC3

PC4
Internet

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