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    © All Rights Reserved
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    7 views17 pages

    Biochem Snapshots

    Uploaded by

    Kiran

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    of 17
    < Snapshot TESTS Q.identtywhiehtestsshowninthe photograph? cosas = Motischtest + Generaltestforallearbohydrateswith2 Scarbonatoms. ‘+ A arbohyrate with < carbon atoms wil not gve a positive Moizentest ‘+ Postve testis when purple colorings seen atthe junction of ‘wolquids identity positive reaction of which testis shown in the Photograph? wate Rotherastest + Donefordetecionotketone bodies *+ postive Rothera'stests when purplecolorringlssee atthe Junctonof wotiquids NOTE When a purple color tube is shownin question, eadeaetuly ‘whether question is leading to carbohydrates opis and answer according! .identiy positive reaction of which test i shown in the hotorraph? wsnia RESULT Hopkin'stest *+ Aspoifictstto detect aromaticaminoacidtryptophan *+ Again, a postive Hopkins tests purple colour ring formed at junetonftwoligucs, Q.identity positive reaction of which test i shown in the photorrph? 41 < Snapshot Bisrettest iton’stest 5 + Itisdonefordetectionofproteinsand peptides ‘+ Done for detectionof Tyrosine anaromate amino ac) + ost Boret Test =purplecolour solution + Postivetest=Redeoloursolution ‘+The requieement fora positive test reaction I thatthe test. compound should hae atleast two peptide bonds ("B" n_ Q.{dently postive reationof whichamino aedtestis shown in Buretsignis “40 ‘thephotograph? wm ‘© $0, free amino acd ora dipeptide (singe peptide bond) wilnat eve Biuretestpositve ira © Atipeptideandhigherpeptiesuilgveapositvetest, | ‘identity whichtestishowninthephotograph? som Pouly'stest + Donefordetecionof Tyrosine BHistdine + Positivetest=Redcolorsolution A. identity positive reacionof which amino aeidtestisshownin the photograph? “oe Ninhydintest + Donefordetectionofa-aminoacids + PostiveNinhydtin test=Purplecoloursolution + Itisnotpostveforproine&hydronypratine + Niahydeinsprayis sedi 4. Obtaining Fingerpriats: Sweat in hands contains amine acids which reactwithninhydrnsprayto give purple colour 2. Paperor thin ayer chromatography of amino acid stan the spots and derive further canlusion about the typeof arin acidatthat spot (see) - : Sokaguehitest = ety | ota Sasethenantareamapa my + Postvetest=Redeoloursluton =—E——| ee a eenroenee a —— photograph? — cise Soa aa ol CI Peale mas | a if \ " ‘i 42 < Snapshot Benesiet'sTest + Done for detecionof reducing uae (© Allmonosaccharies glucose galactose, fructose) (© Some diacchardes ike maltose, Lomaltose latose 1+ Benedict's test Is also called as a semi-quanstative test becaute this test ves various colours depending on quant of sugar present in sample, hence, glves an estimation of ameuntofsugarinsamle, Colour Sugar quantity Blue No sugar ‘Green! + Yellow * Orange oo Red we tanemonic: BGYOR orm VIBGYOR + Therefore, Benedie’s test sa qualitative as well ea semi ‘quantativetestforsurars. + Non sugar substances which solves Benedict's test postive ‘due tothelrreducingnature ate: © Unieaca © Aucorbiacid (© Homogentleacd © Saleyatereg. Aspirin © Glutathione (© Creatinine ‘@.ldentiy whatisshowninthe photograph? = Kanthopeoeictest ‘+ Al aromatic amino acids pve positive Xanthoprotele test ‘except phenylalanine ‘+ itvic acd reagent of xanthoproteic acd reacts with sweat (whic contains aromasicAA)inhand to ve yellow colour. ify whitest forketo-acidssshowninthe photograph? coe DDNPHtest(DinitroPheny Hydrating) + Positive ceaction is formation of erange/ellow enstaline derivatives + Done for diagnosis of Pheylketonuta & Maple Syrup Urine Disease ésUO) (© MSUD-«ketoacds(s}inurine © Phenyetonuri-Phenyl-pyruateana-tetoacainurine {.dentty which biochemical method of glacose estimation it showninthephotorraph? Glucometer + Uses600-PODenzymatiemethodolglucoseestimation © GODGiucose oxidase © POD Peroxidase For details of GOD-POD method, refer notes and video Cussicatonofcarbobydeates” Lidentity which test for sulphur containing amino acids is showninthe photograph? ry < Snapshot ‘cyanide Ntroprusside Test(CNT Q.tdentty what showninthe photograph? comer ‘+ Poste test~purple/magentacolour «+ tewillbe postive for any substance containing SH (sul | froup 85-5 {dsulphide}bonde.g, f © opteine SH) —— © opstine 5-5) taco ert 1 emoeysteine (SH) mee 1 omoeystine|S=8) + Positive for diseases: Homocystinurla,Cystinuria, cystinosis Mikasa + Blood sample taken from patient is centifuged and hept 1. density which test for sulphur containing amino acids is _overightat °C showninthe photograph? o1e42_» ‘sMlipemic plasma (my plasma) seen, it means chylomicrons have loatedtotop and formedacreamy layer 1a ‘his is an indieation of inereated chylomieron in the patent Ldvetodiseasesuchashyperchylomicronemia SolturTest “+ Posioveforsufurcontaning aminoacid + Posiovetest= black browncolor Q.identty whatisshowninthne photograph? ome Note ‘Armin Acid for which this testi positive esteine and not ‘ethionine, because inthe structure of methionine sulphur is hidden between two carbons (C~S-C) 50, not exposedto react with reagent. identity whichtestisshowninthe photograph? ons Heat coagulationtest + 2/5" ofubeistileswith sample solution andboed + coagulation happens, it indicates the presence of pote ia sample. 44 < Snapshot Palmar tuberoeruptivexanthoma + Occurs when chylomicron remnants & VLDL rerants/IDL are Increasedinpatient {.dentty whatlsshowninthe photograph? joeanse Q.identfywhatisshowninthe photograph?” rons rarones Tendon Xanthom . + Occursduetoinreasedpasma cholesterol 45 Reducing sugars make crystals known as osazones of charaterisieshapeswhichare visible under microscope. ‘Gucosazones: Needle shaped/broom stckappearance © Formedty glucose, mannose, fructose Galactoratone: Rhombic plate lke erystals formed by palactose Maltosarones: Sunflower shaped (yellow & ack colour cenptalatormedty maltose Lactosarones: Powder put/ Hedge hog shaped crystals formedbylactose < Snapshot ORGANELLES €.dentty whatisshowninthe photograph? ‘coms Mitochondeis| + Pathways/processesocurringinmitachondla © Alleatabolicpathuaysexcept Geass 8 Ghcogenchsis (© Vitalpathways:TCAandeETC 12 Replication, transcription & translation of mitochondial na. ‘+ Mitochondrial DNA responsible forthe formation of 19% ETC proteins + Aetvationofapoptosisoceursin mitochondria + pathway whichoecurbothinmitochondria & eytoplasmand stontsfrommitochondtiaare: 1. Ureacyele oemsynthesis 3. Glaconeogenesis a Identify whatisshowninthe photograph? Nutearemvione Smead endopasie eter Endoplasmic eticuum (ER) ‘+ ERiscontuatonot nucearenvelope + Twotypes 3. Rouge © Hoveribosomesattachedattheirsurace ©. Used for synthesis of protein which ae tobe exported out feet 2. Smoother (© Havenoribosomesatachedonit © Funetons include detoxication, ip synthesis & alum release sequestration ‘.denitywhatisshowninthe photograph? womnis “shiping 66 of Gog arena Goleiape: + Receives proteins rom endoplasmic reticulum atthe receiving side + Performs packingof protensinvesces 1 Packaged proteins are tleased from shippi wells. Vesicles travel in cytoplasm and fuse with plasma ‘membranetoreleas proteinoutside thecal side as Q.idensty whatisshowminthe photograph? Freeriboromes 1+ There function isto synthesis the proteins which are required insdethe efor cellmetaboten 46 < Snapshot ! CELL MEMBRANE TRANSPORT identity what transport mechanism’ Is shown In the ‘photograph? isis PH | in ‘The above photograph shows 2 wansporter used fr moving solute from high concentration to a low-concentration wing pin pongmechanism, Ping:-Pongmechanism © Protein transporter binds molecule on one side © Then it changes its confrmation and open on eter side andreleasethemolecules. © ExampleisGLUT (Glucose Tansporters) denity wich transporters are present at XandY positions Inthephotograph? ‘uidentity whatisshowninthephototraph? { Emtoroeyte ‘= AtLuminalside SGLT-(Sodium-dependent Glucose Transporter) © Tansportsboth lucose& galactose 2.cwrs ©. Tansports fructose romlumenintocell 1 Aapasolateratside 1. GUUT2 (Glucose transporters) ©. Tansportsglucose glactoseand ructosetoblood 2. Na" /XC ATPase pump ‘9 Transports 3a outofthe cell 2K inside cell Intestinal eet + Apia side ransporeratX=S6tr- ‘+ EasolateraimembraneatY=GUUT2 Renattubular cell, * Atluminalside-SGUT-AorSGUT-2 present ‘At bood/baslateralside~ Na" /' ATPase pump and GLUT-2 < Snapshot identity whatisshowninthe photograph? Phagocytosis (celleating) ‘Solid particle takeninby cytosisofplssmamembrane Pinocytosisellerinking) + Somesoluteorliquidtakenintocell Receptors MediatedEndocytosis (REE) ‘Occur through ptin the membrane whichis coated by special, proteincalledtathrin ‘+ Example: LOL receptor present on liver cls which tke LOL frombloodintalverby AME (identity whatisshowninthe photograph? cos | e e eo Uniport + Transport ofa single substance in one diection (ouside or Inside) Cotranspor + Tansportoftwomolecuesatsametime, + Twotypes 4. Symport-2moleculesgoinginsamedirection 2. Antport-2moleculesgoingin opposite direction {.denty what isshowrninthe photograph? Integralmembrane proteins «+ Coversentirelengthofmembrane e.g Na" /X’ ATPase pump Peripheralmembrane proteins + Presenttowardstheautsideofthe cell LpidanchoredProtein(G-Proteins) roten anchored to cel membrane vali Phosphatidinosta) Q. Identify whatisshown inthe photograph? von 2° Baiéog ote cameras onan NS ing te Na'/X° ATPase Pump + Isadimerwithtwosubunits 2 subunit © Mainpart (© Has Na’, binding ste, a phosphorylation ste and ATP bindingste b. Pesubunit © Anchorsproteintacellmembrane (o Haselycoslationsies, 48 <_ Snapshot CLINICAL CASES GB < Snapshot - identity features of which disease are shown in the Q.identfywhatisshowninthephotograph? wes photograph? conse ee FarbersDisease + Sphingolipidoresrevemblingrheumatoidartvits Oitdropeataract + FoundinGalactosemia| ALidentityfeatureotwhichdiseaseisshawninthephotograph? © Ouetoaccumulationofexcessotgalactitl/dlcitatineyes entity whats showninthe photograph? ema Caleeationot Adrenals inWolman'siease Suntower cataract * Aiyotomalsoragedscasebutnatasphingolploses 2 Seenin on siease 2 tytromatensyme defen: Acalipse + Atoknownascholesterlesertonage dase identity eatures of which disease are shown in the * Cintaltestres, photoeroh? ons ©. Waterereensarthoes ©. Vomiting faluretothrve ©. Hepatosplenomesaty identity whatisshowninthe photograph? aa saqaten settmuttaton

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