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April 10, 2006 Volume 140, Number 13

CHARLIE ARCHAMBAULT FOR USN&WR

One Week 10
For a fleeting moment, life is just a basin
of cherry blossoms
Washington Whispers 12
No skin mags at State; no respect for poker
players; no chocolate for Pelosi
White House Week 16
Bush outreach program: nice new chief of
staff, new niceness to reporters
Cross Country 18
Displaced voters in New Orleans; sexual
assault charge at Duke; busting HOV dummy
The World 20
Israelis vote to pull back (maybe); Liberian
ex-prez caught (finally); Iran slapped (softly)
Datebook 22
In the week ahead: New Delhi’s new style;
Buddha’s birthday; kilts kick it in New
York; court-martial for British Air Force doc
Q&A: Glenn Reynolds 24
The law professor and author says blogs
and cellphones give power to the little guy
NATION & WORLD

The Melting Pot Is Boiling 25 America’s Best

Graduate Schools
Political debate and street demonstrations
point up America’s uneasy ambivalence
about immigration.
Baghdad Blues 27 47 IT’S ACADEMIA For years, our signature rankings have guided students in their
Despite three years of effort by the United search of post-undergraduate education. But that’s just for starters. This year’s guide
States, Iraq’s police force is still a mess looks at the changing landscape of grad schools: tell-all student bloggers, a new push
Gloria Borger: Mr. Outside (That’s John to bring women into biz schools, and questions about the way law is taught.
McCain) Makes an Inside Move 32
ALI JAREKJI—REUTERS / CORBIS
SPECIAL REPORT

Earth Feels the Heat 34

Even the Bush administration now con-
cedes that global warming is real. But is
that enough to bring legislative action?
MONEY & BUSINESS

Hedging Their Debts 38

Funds find there’s money to be made in
lending to distressed firms and start-ups
Money Watch 40
New Fed chief is treading softly; history says
sell [stocks] in May and go away; generation
X-box won’t play the 401(k) game

Cover: Photograph by
Scott Goldsmith—Aurora for USN≀
Princeton University
27 34
 JEFFREY MACMILLAN FOR USN&WR

HEALTH & MEDICINE

Depression and Disease 41

Problems with mental health may put you
at risk for illnesses from diabetes to cancer
Bird Flu Vaccine Doesn’t Fly 43
A new protective shot comes up short
Health Watch 44
Shush your iPod; smoke and drink contribute
to colon cancer; Rx for ADHD: tonsillectomy?
COVER

America’s Best Graduate

Schools 47
The Unsimple Life 48 38
Grad students blog about what it’s really
like to examine a breast, study law, or stu- CLAYTON J. PRICE—CORBIS

dent teach. How useful are their musings?

Looking for Ms. M.B.A. 52
Biz schools aim to up paltry female populace

Rethinking Law School 54

It’s been the same for nearly a century. And
some experts think it’s time for a change
Behind the Rankings 59
We survey some 9,600 academics and pro-
fessionals and weigh statistical indicators
The Top Programs 60
Exclusive rankings of schools that offer
graduate degrees in business, education,
engineering, law, and medicine
Mortimer B. Zuckerman: How Can
Harvard Recruit a Reformer? 76 41
BRYAN & CHERRY ALEXANDER—WWW.ARCTICPHOTO.COM PAUL SAKUMA—AP

44
April 10, 2006 Volume 140, Number 13

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BUSINESS ’04 NIH

• EDUCATI
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Editorial Finance Manager: Roxanna Perry Editorial and Reader Services: Kate
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Overall score directors undergrad MCAT acceptance grants faculty member student tuition school

ON • ENGIN
Rank/School score (5.0 highest) (5.0 highest) GPA score rate (in millions) (in thousands) ratio and fees enrollment
RT

A DIRECT
1. Harvard University (MA) 100 4.9 4.8 3.79 11.7 4.9% $1,167.6 $171.5 9.5 $37,400 714
2. Johns Hopkins University (MD) 82 4.9 4.8 3.83 11.4
EERING • LAW
5.8% $445.6 $204.5 4.5 $34,732 481

Lanahan
ORY OF
3. Washington University in St. Louis 81 4.6 4.4 3.86 12.2 10.6% $390.9 $268.8 2.6 $38,330 570

•
OVER 1,0 MEDICINE • AND MORE
4. University of Pennsylvania 80 4.6 4.4 3.79 11.5 5.7% $487.9 $239.0 3.4 $37,937 600

FINDING
5. University of California–San Francisco 77 4.7 4.5 3.77 10.8 4.7% $414.4 $262.1 2.6 $32,716 602
2006

6. Duke University (NC) 75 4.7 4.6 3.80 11.7 3.9% $311.3 * $191.7 * 4.3 $37,000 382

THE RIGH 00 PROG

7. University of Washington 74 4.4 4.1 3.67 10.4 7.2% $506.2 $262.8 2.4 $31,916 795
8. Stanford University (CA)
9. University of Michigan–Ann Arbor
73
71
10. Columbia U. Col. of Physicians and Surgeons (NY) 70
11. University of California–Los Angeles (Geffen) 69
4.6
4.5
4.3
4.1
4.5
4.5
4.4
4.0
3.72
3.73
3.79
3.72
10.9

T SCHOOL
11.4
11.7
10.9
3.1%
8.7%
11.5%
4.5%
$242.5 * $332.1 *

RAMS
$294.0
$282.5
$413.3
$162.8
$123.7
$198.3
1.6
2.6
3.7
3.0
$37,366
$32,801
$39,931
$32,028
459
682
616
695
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY: Director: Michael Piccorossi Project Managers:
EDITIO

WHERE & Christopher Johnson, Yeatts Jones, Douglas Lay Systems: Kevin Shelton,
THE JOBS GETTING IN
Yale University (CT) 69 4.3 4.3 3.73 11.3 6.3% $287.4 $190.1 3.4 $35,865 442

August 28, 2006

13. Baylor College of Medicine (TX) 68 3.9 3.9 3.74 11.1 7.3% $409.6 $225.2 2.7 $22,658 666
14. Cornell University (Weill) (NY) 66 4.1 4.2 3.71 11.5 4.3% $271.1 $144.3 4.7 $32,300 399
University of California–San Diego
16. University of Pittsburgh
17. U. of Texas Southwestern Medical Center–Dallas 63
Vanderbilt University (TN)
66
64

63
4.0
4.0
4.3
4.1
3.9
4.0
4.1
4.0
3.73
3.68
3.80
3.74
10.8
10.7
10.8
11.2
6.0%

ARE
8.9%
11.8%
8.0%
$242.9
$303.3
$302.9
$177.2
$201.8 * $136.0 *
$235.9 $159.1
1.6
3.0
1.7
3.6
$32,417
$37,152
$22,807
$33,971
508
573
884
411
Associate Director; Cathy Cacho, Leigh V. Eberz, Kevin Harris, Lee Henry Man-
19. University of Chicago (Pritzker)
20. Case Western Reserve University (OH)
Emory University (GA)
62
59
59
4.0
3.7
3.9
4.1
3.8
4.0
3.64
3.60
3.73
10.5
11.0
11.0
7.6%
9.7%
9.3%
$204.0
$261.8
$186.7
$263.9
$154.5
$112.5
1.8
2.8
3.7
$33,143
$38,604
$34,727
419
608
454
agement Information Systems: Yingjie Shu, Associate Director; William Garcia,
Northwestern University (Feinberg) (IL)
23. Mayo Medical School (MN)
University of Alabama–Birmingham
59
58
58
3.8
3.7
3.9
4.0
4.1
3.8
3.70
3.82
3.70
11.1
10.9
9.8
5.7%
2.9%
14.0%
$193.4
$188.2
$220.9
$112.9
$90.5
$216.7
2.5
12.5
1.5
$38,467
$25,500
$34,896
695
166
689
David Jessup, Mark Van Fleet User Support: Eric Chan, Terry Edmondson, Sun-Ho
58 3.9 4.0 3.60 10.4 7.3% $201.5 $167.1 1.9 $34,243 647

Moon, Eric Reiffenstein Finance Manager: Diane LaGrega

University of North Carolina–Chapel Hill
26. University of Virginia 56 3.7 3.9 3.70 10.6 8.6% $133.2 * $154.5 * 1.6 $36,574 551
University of Wisconsin–Madison 56 3.6 3.8 3.73 10.3 11.4% $202.4 $191.0 1.7 $32,802 612
28. Boston University 55 3.2 3.5 3.61 10.4 4.8% $334.8 $279.2 1.9 $38,440 628

Contact EMI Network to

University of Iowa (Roy J. & Lucille A. Carver) 55 3.7 3.8 3.72 10.2 12.7% $141.3 $163.2 1.5 $38,355 581
30. U. of Colorado–Denver and Health Sciences Ctr. 53 3.6 3.5 3.70 10.5 9.1% $178.5 $125.5 2.6 $69,473 552
University of Rochester (NY) 53 3.6 3.6 3.75 10.5 7.8% $137.6 $109.7 3.0 $36,115 425
32. Mount Sinai School of Medicine (NY) 52 3.4 3.6 3.64 11.0 6.0% $158.2 $72.9 4.5 $35,320 479

President
New York University 52 3.4 3.7 3.70 11.0 13.1% $141.6 $89.8 2.2 $32,555 702
University of Southern California (Keck) 52 3.3 3.4 3.60 10.9 7.1% $175.9 $147.9 1.8 $38,565 662
35. Dartmouth Medical School (NH) 51 3.4 3.8 3.70 10.6 5.7% $105.5 $117.7 3.0 $35,250 304
Oregon Health and Science University 51 3.4 3.4 3.63 10.3 7.1% $179.3 $167.1 2.4 $36,981 446

William D. Holiber
37. Ohio State University 50 3.1 3.4 3.70 10.7 9.9% $193.7 $101.1 2.3 $27,265 849

advertise your college or

38. University of Minnesota–Twin Cities 49 3.4 3.6 3.67 9.9 12.6% $145.6 $111.2 1.4 $37,134 940
Yeshiva University (Albert Einstein) (NY) 49 3.3 3.4 3.67 10.4 9.9% $177.0 $70.6 3.4 $38,075 735
40. Brown University (RI) 48 3.1 3.6 3.59 10.4 7.7% $99.6 $147.8 2.0 $35,767 331
41. University of Cincinnati 47 3.1 3.3 3.59 9.9 15.2% $182.4 $141.9 2.1 $37,965 617
Wake Forest University (NC)
43. Tufts University (MA)
University of Maryland
45. Indiana University–Indianapolis
47
46
46
45
3.2
3.4
3.2
3.4
3.4
3.7
3.3
3.5
3.60
3.54
3.65
3.68
10.0
10.2
10.1
9.7
4.9%
7.0%
9.1%
17.4%
$120.5 * $141.6 *
$85.2 $67.9
$128.5 * $117.7 *
$101.5 * $80.1 *
2.0
1.8
1.8
1.1
$33,016
$41,920
$35,143
427
697
604
$38,958 1,151
Chief Marketing Officer Lee Wilcox
46. Georgetown University (DC)
University of California–Davis
44
44
2.9
3.1
3.5
3.3
3.62
3.57
10.1
10.3
5.6%
4.8%
$100.4
$64.8
$70.2
$111.3
2.1
1.4
$37,108
$33,421
685
407
Publisher Kerry F. Dyer
university in America’s
University of California–Irvine 44 2.8 3.2 3.65 10.5 7.9% $80.3 $158.4 1.4 $33,145 374
University of Florida 44 3.1 3.2 3.70 10.4 9.4% $73.0 * $67.6 * 2.4 $46,953 458
University of Massachusetts–Worcester 44 3.0 3.1 3.60 10.5 23.7% $111.6 * $119.5 * 2.2 N/A 419
Senior Vice President Operations Michael J. Armstrong
Senior Vice President Consumer Marketing Susan H. Blattman
*The school reported only research grants the National Institutes of Health made to the medical school. No grants to affiliated hospitals were reported.
Sources: U.S. News and the schools. Assessment data collected by Synovate

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 ONE WEEK
By Brian Duffy

A Fine Turn
of the Calendar

T
he voice of the turtle, as the Song of
Solomon (2:11-12) instructs, has
not been heard yet in these parts.
But the other signs of spring are all
sure here—the warbling of the
birds, the flowers profligate in their
rich hues, and yes, of course, the
cherry blossoms in their riot of pink
and white profusion down at the Tidal Basin. This is
when it finally becomes real, the full stop between
winter’s blurry gray and the fresh start of spring’s
balmy breezes, robin’s-egg skies, and, soon, long
days and mild, starlit nights. In a perplexity of the
calendar, winter’s game finally plays itself out, in
the ncaa men’s basketball championship game,
just hours after the boys of summer finish flexing
their muscles amid the pageantry of Opening Day.
The world, meanwhile, goes on. A warlord in
Africa is brought to justice; a reporter in Baghdad is
freed, unharmed, by her captors. The press of news,
the duties of work and family, continue unabated.
Such is the nature of modern life that most of us
rush through it pell-mell, unregarding, unaware.
For this one small moment, however, we stop and
pause. Beautiful day today, isn’t it? l

Joggers and visitors to the

Jefferson Memorial marvel
at the annual rite of spring.
CHARLIE ARCHAMBAULT FOR USN&WR
 By Paul Bedard

Skin Mags? Not at

This Department

F
oreign Affairs, the Economist, and certainly
U.S.News & World Report are titles you’d expect
to see at the two State Department newsstands
visited by the public, employees, and their kids,
but Playboy and Penthouse? Yikes! Or so
thought Condoleezza Rice a while back when she began re-
ceiving briefings in Foggy Bottom before her confirma-
tion hearings as secretary of state. Alerted by an aide that
the skin magazines, partially clad in brown paper covers,
were placed beside newsmagazines and close to candy,
nuts, and stuffed animals, she said, “I want them out.”
A few weeks later, when she took over from Colin Pow-
ell, the eviction began. “The secretary wanted them gone
immediately,” says senior adviser Jim Wilkinson. “She
didn’t understand how a department that claimed to
fight for the rights of women worldwide could sell
pornography that degrades women.” And, he adds, the
magazines “could be seen as contributing to a hostile
work environment.” He teamed with State’s internal
manager and several State women who had been cam-
paigning against the publications but had gotten
nowhere. Now that they have succeeded, some of those
women are eyeing other lad mags like Maxim and FHM.
But State News’s Richard Williams isn’t listening. It was no
problem banning the xxx fare: It didn’t move very fast.
“But Maxim,” he says, “is a bestseller.”

On Deck, Bush Ace his new job, Bolten probably

Steals a Few Days
We probably should have
known a White House
shake-up was in the works
when Joshua Bolten, the dedi-
cated budget boss who’s tak-
ing over for Andy Card as
chief of staff, sneaked out for
a couple of weekdays last
month to watch his beloved
Washington Nationals. Fac-
ing even longer hours toiling
in the West Wing, he took a
quickie break to feed his love
of baseball with two Grape-
fruit League games, we hear.
And he brought the Nats
good luck: They beat the
Baltimore Orioles and the
Atlanta Braves. Considering
won’t get to see many back-
to-back games in Washing-
ton, even though he holds
season tickets. But when he
goes, he’s likely to see his
predecessor: Bolten’s seats
are right behind Card’s, just
back of the Nats’ dugout.
An Old Warrior May
Be Losing the Fight
Top American officials who
study Cuba and dictator Fidel
Castro, 79, now believe that
his Parkinson’s disease is so
bad that he will be dead in
four years. “The Parkinson’s
The latest Whispers are at www.usnews.com/whispers
has gone beyond the stage
that it can be controlled,”
says a top U.S. official. “He’s
not going to live forever.”
Trusting the Media:
It’s All in the Politics
Americans of all political
stripes are remarkably
trusting of the media—their
media, that is. The Winston
Group, a gop polling firm,
tells us in new data com-
piled for the Congressional
Institute that each side has
national media outlets it be-
lieves. No surprise on the
conservative side: It’s Fox
News and Rush Limbaugh in
the top. Independents pre-
fer the public outlets pbs
and npr. They also like
cnn. Only Democrats in-
clude broadcast news
among their faves, but after
cnn and pbs. So what’s it
all mean? Myra Miller, Win-
ston senior vice president,
says: “Whether you are Re-
publican, independent, or
Democrat, cable, public tv,
and radio are leading the
way in trust of media.”
Poker: As American
as Apple Pie
Between them, they’ve won
millions of dollars and
countless poker tourna-

12 U.S.NEWS & WORLD REPORT • WWW.USNEWS.COM • APRIL 10, 2006 ILLUSTRATION BY JOE CIARDIELLO FOR USN&WR
The real Ambien® story:
It shouldn’t keep you up at night.
Recent news reports have focused on rare occurrences of sleepwalking
and sleep-related eating in patients who may also be taking AMBIEN.
But, it’s important to know the facts.
AMBIEN prescribing information has always included these events,
known collectively as somnambulism, as possible rare side effects.
And, patients who experience certain sleep disorders already have an
increased propensity to sleepwalk.
But the fact is that throughout the 14 billion nights of therapy
worldwide provided by zolpidem, the active ingredient of AMBIEN,
patient safety always has been and will continue to be of paramount
importance to the makers of AMBIEN. So we want to remind you of
these key safety tips:

• Take the exact dose of AMBIEN prescribed by your healthcare provider.

• Do not take AMBIEN for extended periods or with any other medicines
without first talking to your healthcare provider.

• Always take AMBIEN immediately before you go to bed.

• Take AMBIEN only when you can get a full night’s sleep before you
need to be active again.

• Never take AMBIEN with alcohol.

Sleep well.
About AMBIEN® (zolpidem tartrate) CIV
AMBIEN is indicated for the short-term treatment of insomnia. There is a low
occurrence of side effects associated with the short-term use of AMBIEN.
The most commonly observed side effects in controlled clinical trials were
drowsiness, dizziness and diarrhea. When you first start taking AMBIEN,
use caution in the morning when engaging in activities requiring complete
alertness until you know how you will react to this medication. In most
instances, memory problems can be avoided if you take AMBIEN only when
you are able to get a full night’s sleep (7 to 8 hours) before you need to be
active again. As with any sleep medication, do not use alcohol while you are
taking AMBIEN. Prescription sleep aids are often taken for 7 to 10 days – or
longer as advised by your doctor. All people taking sleep medicines have some
risk of becoming dependent on the medicine.

For more information, talk to your doctor or visit

www.FactsAboutAmbien.com

Please see brief summary on the adjacent page.

© 2006 sanofi-aventis U.S. LLC USA.ACR.06.03.98 March 2006

Ambien® Ÿ
(zolpidem tartrate)
BRIEF SUMMARY
INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Ambien (zolpidem tartrate) is indicated for the short-term treatment of insomnia.
Ambien has been shown to decrease sleep latency and increase the duration of
sleep for up to 35 days in controlled clinical studies.
Hypnotics should generally be limited to 7 to 10 days of use, and reevaluation
of the patient is recommended if they are to be taken for more than 2 to 3 weeks.
Ambien should not be prescribed in quantities exceeding a 1-month supply (see
Warnings).
CONTRAINDICATIONS
None known.
WARNINGS
Since sleep disturbances may be the presenting manifestation of a physical
and/or psychiatric disorder, symptomatic treatment of insomnia should be initi-
ated only after a careful evaluation of the patient. The failure of insomnia to remit
after 7 to 10 days of treatment may indicate the presence of a primary psychiatric
and/or medical illness which should be evaluated. Worsening of insomnia or the
emergence of new thinking or behavior abnormalities may be the consequence
of an unrecognized psychiatric or physical disorder. Such findings have emerged
during the course of treatment with sedative/hypnotic drugs, including Ambien.
Because some of the important adverse effects of Ambien appear to be dose
related (see Precautions and Dosage and Administration), it is important to use
the smallest possible effective dose, especially in the elderly.
A variety of abnormal thinking and behavior changes have been reported to
occur in association with the use of sedative/hypnotics. Some of these changes
may be characterized by decreased inhibition (eg, aggressiveness and extrover-
sion that seemed out of character), similar to effects produced by alcohol and
other CNS depressants. Other reported behavioral changes have included
bizarre behavior, agitation, hallucinations, and depersonalization. Amnesia and
other neuropsychiatric symptoms may occur unpredictably. In primarily
depressed patients, worsening of depression, including suicidal thinking, has
been reported in association with the use of sedative/hypnotics.
It can rarely be determined with certainty whether a particular instance of the
abnormal behaviors listed above is drug induced, spontaneous in origin, or a
result of an underlying psychiatric or physical disorder. Nonetheless, the emer-
gence of any new behavioral sign or symptom of concern requires careful and
immediate evaluation.
Following the rapid dose decrease or abrupt discontinuation of sedative/hyp-
notics, there have been reports of signs and symptoms similar to those associ-
ated with withdrawal from other CNS-depressant drugs (see Drug Abuse and
Dependence).
Ambien, like other sedative/hypnotic drugs, has CNS-depressant effects. Due
to the rapid onset of action, Ambien should only be ingested immediately prior
to going to bed. Patients should be cautioned against engaging in hazardous
occupations requiring complete mental alertness or motor coordination such as
operating machinery or driving a motor vehicle after ingesting the drug, includ-
ing potential impairment of the performance of such activities that may occur the
day following ingestion of Ambien. Ambien showed additive effects when com-
bined with alcohol and should not be taken with alcohol. Patients should also be
cautioned about possible combined effects with other CNS-depressant drugs.
Dosage adjustments may be necessary when Ambien is administered with such
agents because of the potentially additive effects.
PRECAUTIONS
General
Use in the elderly and/or debilitated patients: Impaired motor and/or cognitive
performance after repeated exposure or unusual sensitivity to sedative/hypnotic
drugs is a concern in the treatment of elderly and/or debilitated patients.
Therefore, the recommended Ambien dosage is 5 mg in such patients (see
Dosage and Administration) to decrease the possibility of side effects. These
patients should be closely monitored.
Use in patients with concomitant illness: Clinical experience with Ambien in
patients with concomitant systemic illness is limited. Caution is advisable in
using Ambien in patients with diseases or conditions that could affect metabo-
lism or hemodynamic responses. Although studies did not reveal respiratory
depressant effects at hypnotic doses of Ambien in normals or in patients with
mild to moderate chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), a reduction in
the Total Arousal Index together with a reduction in lowest oxygen saturation
and increase in the times of oxygen desaturation below 80% and 90% was
observed in patients with mild-to-moderate sleep apnea when treated with
Ambien (10 mg) when compared to placebo. However, precautions should be
observed if Ambien is prescribed to patients with compromised respiratory func-
tion, since sedative/hypnotics have the capacity to depress respiratory drive.
Post-marketing reports of respiratory insufficiency, most of which involved
patients with pre-existing respiratory impairment, have been received. Data in
end-stage renal failure patients repeatedly treated with Ambien did not demon-
strate drug accumulation or alterations in pharmacokinetic parameters. No
dosage adjustment in renally impaired patients is required; however, these
patients should be closely monitored (see Pharmacokinetics). A study in subjects
with hepatic impairment did reveal prolonged elimination in this group; there-
fore, treatment should be initiated with 5 mg in patients with hepatic compro-
mise, and they should be closely monitored.
Use in depression: As with other sedative/hypnotic drugs, Ambien should be
administered with caution to patients exhibiting signs or symptoms of depres-
sion. Suicidal tendencies may be present in such patients and protective meas-
ures may be required. Intentional overdosage is more common in this group of
patients; therefore, the least amount of drug that is feasible should be prescribed
for the patient at any one time.
Information for patients: Patient information is printed in the complete prescrib-
ing information.
Laboratory tests: There are no specific laboratory tests recommended.
Drug interactions
CNS-active drugs: Ambien was evaluated in healthy volunteers in single-dose
interaction studies for several CNS drugs. A study involving haloperidol and
zolpidem revealed no effect of haloperidol on the pharmacokinetics or pharma-
codynamics of zolpidem. Imipramine in combination with zolpidem produced no
pharmacokinetic interaction other than a 20% decrease in peak levels of
imipramine, but there was an additive effect of decreased alertness. Similarly,
chlorpromazine in combination with zolpidem produced no pharmacokinetic
interaction, but there was an additive effect of decreased alertness and psy-
chomotor performance. The lack of a drug interaction following single-dose
administration does not predict a lack following chronic administration.
An additive effect on psychomotor performance between alcohol and zolpi-
dem was demonstrated.
A single-dose interaction study with zolpidem 10 mg and fluoxetine 20 mg at
steady-state levels in male volunteers did not demonstrate any clinically signifi-
cant pharmacokinetic or pharmacodynamic interactions. When multiple doses of
zolpidem and fluoxetine at steady-state concentrations were evaluated in healthy
females, the only significant change was a 17% increase in the zolpidem half-life.
There was no evidence of an additive effect in psychomotor performance.
Following five consecutive nightly doses of zolpidem 10 mg in the presence of
sertraline 50 mg (17 consecutive daily doses, at 7:00 am, in healthy female vol-
unteers), zolpidem Cmax was significantly higher (43%) and Tmax was significantly
decreased (53%). Pharmacokinetics of sertraline and N-desmethylsertraline were
unaffected by zolpidem.
Since the systematic evaluations of Ambien in combination with other CNS-
active drugs have been limited, careful consideration should be given to the
pharmacology of any CNS-active drug to be used with zolpidem. Any drug with
CNS-depressant effects could potentially enhance the CNS-depressant effects of
zolpidem.
Drugs that affect drug metabolism via cytochrome P450: A randomized, double-
blind, crossover interaction study in ten healthy volunteers between itraconazole
(200 mg once daily for 4 days) and a single dose of zolpidem (10 mg) given 5
hours after the last dose of itraconazole resulted in a 34% increase in AUC0»' of
zolpidem. There were no significant pharmacodynamic effects of zolpidem on
subjective drowsiness, postural sway, or psychomotor performance.
A randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover interaction study in eight healthy
female volunteers between 5 consecutive daily doses of rifampin (600 mg) and a
single dose of zolpidem (20 mg) given 17 hours after the last dose of rifampin
showed significant reductions of the AUC (–73%), Cmax (–58%), and T1/2 (–36%) of
zolpidem together with significant reductions in the pharmacodynamic effects of
zolpidem.
Other drugs: A study involving cimetidine/zolpidem and ranitidine/zolpidem
combinations revealed no effect of either drug on the pharmacokinetics or phar-
macodynamics of zolpidem. Zolpidem had no effect on digoxin kinetics and did
not affect prothrombin time when given with warfarin in normal subjects.
Zolpidem’s sedative/hypnotic effect was reversed by flumazenil; however, no sig-
nificant alterations in zolpidem pharmacokinetics were found.
Drug/Laboratory test interactions: Zolpidem is not known to interfere with com-
monly employed clinical laboratory tests. In addition, clinical data indicate that
zolpidem does not cross-react with benzodiazepines, opiates, barbiturates,
cocaine, cannabinoids, or amphetamines in two standard urine drug screens.
Carcinogenesis, mutagenesis, impairment of fertility
Carcinogenesis: Zolpidem was administered to rats and mice for 2 years at
dietary dosages of 4, 18, and 80 mg/kg/day. In mice, these doses are 26 to 520
times or 2 to 35 times the maximum 10-mg human dose on a mg/kg or mg/m2
basis, respectively. In rats these doses are 43 to 876 times or 6 to 115 times the
maximum 10-mg human dose on a mg/kg or mg/m2 basis, respectively. No evi-
dence of carcinogenic potential was observed in mice. Renal liposarcomas were
seen in 4/100 rats (3 males, 1 female) receiving 80 mg/kg/day and a renal lipoma
was observed in one male rat at the 18 mg/kg/day dose. Incidence rates of lipo-
ma and liposarcoma for zolpidem were comparable to those seen in historical
controls and the tumor findings are thought to be a spontaneous occurrence.
Mutagenesis: Zolpidem did not have mutagenic activity in several tests includ-
ing the Ames test, genotoxicity in mouse lymphoma cells in vitro, chromosomal
aberrations in cultured human lymphocytes, unscheduled DNA synthesis in rat
hepatocytes in vitro, and the micronucleus test in mice.
Impairment of fertility: In a rat reproduction study, the high dose (100 mg
base/kg) of zolpidem resulted in irregular estrus cycles and prolonged precoital
intervals, but there was no effect on male or female fertility after daily oral doses
of 4 to 100 mg base/kg or 5 to 130 times the recommended human dose in
mg/m2. No effects on any other fertility parameters were noted.
Pregnancy
Teratogenic effects: Category B. Studies to assess the effects of zolpidem on
human reproduction and development have not been conducted.
Teratology studies were conducted in rats and rabbits.
In rats, adverse maternal and fetal effects occurred at 20 and 100 mg base/kg
and included dose-related maternal lethargy and ataxia and a dose-related trend
to incomplete ossification of fetal skull bones.
In rabbits, dose-related maternal sedation and decreased weight gain
occurred at all doses tested. At the high dose, 16 mg base/kg, there was an
increase in postimplantation fetal loss and underossification of sternebrae in
viable fetuses.
This drug should be used during pregnancy only if clearly needed.
Nonteratogenic effects: Studies to assess the effects on children whose mothers
took zolpidem during pregnancy have not been conducted. However, children
born of mothers taking sedative/hypnotic drugs may be at some risk for with-
drawal symptoms from the drug during the postnatal period. In addition, neona-
tal flaccidity has been reported in infants born of mothers who received sedative/
hypnotic drugs during pregnancy.
Labor and delivery: Ambien has no established use in labor and delivery.
Nursing mothers: Studies in lactating mothers indicate that between 0.004 and
0.019% of the total administered dose is excreted into milk, but the effect of zolpi-
dem on the infant is unknown.
The use of Ambien in nursing mothers is not recommended.
Pediatric use: Safety and effectiveness in pediatric patients below the age of 18
have not been established.
Geriatric use: A total of 154 patients in U.S. controlled clinical trials and 897
patients in non-U.S. clinical trials who received zolpidem were ˘60 years of age.
For a pool of U.S. patients receiving zolpidem at doses of ¯10 mg or placebo,
there were three adverse events occurring at an incidence of at least 3% for zolpi-
dem and for which the zolpidem incidence was at least twice the placebo inci-
dence (ie, they could be considered drug related).
Adverse Event Zolpidem Placebo
Dizziness 3% 0%
Drowsiness 5% 2%
Diarrhea 3% 1%
A total of 30/1,959 (1.5%) non-U.S. patients receiving zolpidem reported falls,
including 28/30 (93%) who were ˘70 years of age. Of these 28 patients, 23 (82%)
were receiving zolpidem doses >10 mg. A total of 24/1,959 (1.2%) non-U.S.
patients receiving zolpidem reported confusion, including 18/24 (75%) who were
˘70 years of age. Of these 18 patients, 14 (78%) were receiving zolpidem doses
>10 mg.
ADVERSE REACTIONS
Associated with discontinuation of treatment: Approximately 4% of 1,701
patients who received zolpidem at all doses (1.25 to 90 mg) in U.S. premarketing
clinical trials discontinued treatment because of an adverse clinical event. Events
most commonly associated with discontinuation from U.S. trials were daytime
drowsiness (0.5%), dizziness (0.4%), headache (0.5%), nausea (0.6%), and vomit-
ing (0.5%).
Approximately 4% of 1,959 patients who received zolpidem at all doses (1 to
50 mg) in similar foreign trials discontinued treatment because of an adverse
event. Events most commonly associated with discontinuation from these trials
were daytime drowsiness (1.1%), dizziness/vertigo (0.8%), amnesia (0.5%), nau-
sea (0.5%), headache (0.4%), and falls (0.4%).
Data from a clinical study in which selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor-
(SSRI) treated patients were given zolpidem revealed that four of the seven dis-
continuations during double-blind treatment with zolpidem (n=95) were associ-
ated with impaired concentration, continuing or aggravated depression, and
manic reaction; one patient treated with placebo (n=97) was discontinued after
an attempted suicide.
Incidence in controlled clinical trials
Most commonly observed adverse events in controlled trials: During short-term
treatment (up to 10 nights) with Ambien at doses up to 10 mg, the most com-
monly observed adverse events associated with the use of zolpidem and seen at
statistically significant differences from placebo-treated patients were drowsi-
ness (reported by 2% of zolpidem patients), dizziness (1%), and diarrhea (1%).
During longer-term treatment (28 to 35 nights) with zolpidem at doses up to 10
mg, the most commonly observed adverse events associated with the use of
zolpidem and seen at statistically significant differences from placebo-treated
patients were dizziness (5%) and drugged feelings (3%).
Treatment-emergent adverse experiences in placebo-controlled clinical trials:
The following are treatment-emergent adverse events from U.S. placebo-con-
trolled clinical trials. Data are limited to data from doses up to and including 10
mg. In short-term trials, events seen in zolpidem patients (n=685) at an incidence
equal to 1% or greater compared to placebo (n=473) were: headache (7% vs 6%
for placebo), drowsiness (2% vs 0%), dizziness (1% vs 0%), nausea (2% vs 3%),
diarrhea (1% vs 0%), and myalgia (1% vs 2%). In long-term clinical trials, events
seen in zolpidem patients (n=152) at an incidence of 1% or greater compared to
placebo (n=161) were: dry mouth (3% vs 1% for placebo), allergy (4% vs 1%),
back pain (3% vs 2%), influenza-like symptoms (2% vs 0%) , chest pain (1% vs
0%), fatigue (1% vs 2%), palpitation (2% vs 0%), headache (19% vs 22%), drowsi-
ness (8% vs 5%), dizziness (5% vs 1%), lethargy (3% vs 1%), drugged feeling (3%
vs 0%), lightheadedness (2% vs 1%), depression (2% vs 1%), abnormal dreams
(1% vs 0%), amnesia (1% vs 0%), anxiety (1% vs 1%), nervousness (1% vs 3%),
sleep disorder (1% vs 0%), nausea (6% vs 6%), dyspepsia (5% vs 6%), diarrhea
(3% vs 2%), abdominal pain (2% vs 2%), constipation (2% vs 1%), anorexia (1%
vs 1%), vomiting (1% vs 1%), infection (1% vs 1%), myalgia (7% vs 7%), arthral-
gia (4% vs 4%), upper respiratory infection (5% vs 6%), sinusitis (4% vs 2%),
pharyngitis (3% vs 1%), rhinitis (1% vs 3%), rash (2% vs 1%), and urinary tract
infection (2% vs 2%).
Dose relationship for adverse events: There is evidence from dose comparison
trials suggesting a dose relationship for many of the adverse events associated
with zolpidem use, particularly for certain CNS and gastrointestinal adverse
events.
Adverse events are further classified and enumerated in order of decreasing
frequency using the following definitions: frequent adverse events are defined as
those occurring in greater than 1/100 subjects; infrequent adverse events are
those occurring in 1/100 to 1/1,000 patients; rare events are those occurring in
less than 1/1,000 patients.
Frequent: abdominal pain, abnormal dreams, allergy, amnesia, anorexia, anxi-
ety, arthralgia, asthenia, ataxia, back pain, chest pain, confusion, constipation,
depression, diarrhea, diplopia, dizziness, drowsiness, drugged feeling, dry
mouth, dyspepsia, euphoria, fatigue, headache, hiccup, infection, influenza-like
symptoms, insomnia, lethargy, lightheadedness, myalgia, nausea, nervousness,
palpitation, sleep disorder, vertigo, vision abnormal, vomiting.
Infrequent: abnormal hepatic function, agitation, arthritis, bronchitis, cere-
brovascular disorder, coughing, cystitis, decreased cognition, detached, difficul-
ty concentrating, dysarthria, dysphagia, dyspnea, edema, emotional lability, eye
irritation, eye pain, falling, fever, flatulence, gastroenteritis, hallucination, hyper-
glycemia, hypertension, hypoesthesia, illusion, increased SGPT, increased
sweating, leg cramps, malaise, menstrual disorder, migraine, pallor, paresthesia,
postural hypotension, pruritus, scleritis, sleeping (after daytime dosing), speech
disorder, stupor, syncope, tachycardia, taste perversion, thirst, tinnitus, trauma,
tremor, urinary incontinence, vaginitis.
Rare: abdominal body sensation, abnormal accommodation, abnormal gait,
abnormal thinking, abscess, acne, acute renal failure, aggressive reaction, aller-
gic reaction, allergy aggravated, altered saliva, anaphylactic shock, anemia, angi-
na pectoris, apathy, appetite increased, arrhythmia, arteritis, arthrosis, biliru-
binemia, breast fibroadenosis, breast neoplasm, breast pain, bronchospasm,
bullous eruption, circulatory failure, conjunctivitis, corneal ulceration, decreased
libido, delusion, dementia, depersonalization, dermatitis, dysphasia, dysuria,
enteritis, epistaxis, eructation, esophagospasm, extrasystoles, face edema, feel-
ing strange, flushing, furunculosis, gastritis, glaucoma, gout, hemorrhoids, her-
pes simplex, herpes zoster, hot flashes, hypercholesteremia, hyperhemoglo-
binemia, hyperlipidemia, hypertension aggravated, hypokinesia, hypotension,
hypotonia, hypoxia, hysteria, impotence, increased alkaline phosphatase,
increased BUN, increased ESR, increased saliva, increased SGOT, injection-site
inflammation, intestinal obstruction, intoxicated feeling, lacrimation abnormal,
laryngitis, leukopenia, lymphadenopathy, macrocytic anemia, manic reaction,
micturition frequency, muscle weakness, myocardial infarction, neuralgia, neuri-
tis, neuropathy, neurosis, nocturia, otitis externa, otitis media, pain, panic
attacks, paresis, parosmia, periorbital edema, personality disorder, phlebitis,
photopsia, photosensitivity reaction, pneumonia, polyuria, pulmonary edema,
pulmonary embolism, purpura, pyelonephritis, rectal hemorrhage, renal pain,
restless legs, rigors, sciatica, somnambulism, suicide attempts, tendinitis, tenes-
mus, tetany, thrombosis, tolerance increased, tooth caries, urinary retention,
urticaria, varicose veins, ventricular tachycardia, weight decrease, yawning.
DRUG ABUSE AND DEPENDENCE
Controlled substance: Schedule IV.
Abuse and dependence: Studies of abuse potential in former drug abusers found
that the effects of single doses of zolpidem tartrate 40 mg were similar, but not
identical, to diazepam 20 mg, while zolpidem tartrate 10 mg was difficult to dis-
tinguish from placebo.
Sedative/hypnotics have produced withdrawal signs and symptoms following
abrupt discontinuation. These reported symptoms range from mild dysphoria
and insomnia to a withdrawal syndrome that may include abdominal and mus-
cle cramps, vomiting, sweating, tremors, and convulsions. The U.S. clinical trial
experience from zolpidem does not reveal any clear evidence for withdrawal
syndrome. Nevertheless, the following adverse events included in DSM-III-R cri-
teria for uncomplicated sedative/hypnotic withdrawal were reported at an inci-
dence of ¯1% during U.S. clinical trials following placebo substitution occurring
within 48 hours following last zolpidem treatment: fatigue, nausea, flushing,
lightheadedness, uncontrolled crying, emesis, stomach cramps, panic attack,
nervousness, and abdominal discomfort. Rare post-marketing reports of abuse,
dependence and withdrawal have been received.
Individuals with a history of addiction to, or abuse of, drugs or alcohol are at
increased risk of habituation and dependence; they should be under careful sur-
veillance when receiving any hypnotic.
OVERDOSAGE
Signs and symptoms: In European postmarketing reports of overdose with zolpi-
dem alone, impairment of consciousness has ranged from somnolence to light
coma, with one case each of cardiovascular and respiratory compromise.
Individuals have fully recovered from zolpidem tartrate overdoses up to 400 mg
(40 times the maximum recommended dose). Overdose cases involving multiple
CNS-depressant agents, including zolpidem, have resulted in more severe
symptomatology, including fatal outcomes.
Recommended treatment: General symptomatic and supportive measures
should be used along with immediate gastric lavage where appropriate.
Intravenous fluids should be administered as needed. Flumazenil may be useful.
Respiration, pulse, blood pressure, and other appropriate signs should be mon-
itored and general supportive measures employed. Sedating drugs should be
withheld following zolpidem overdosage. Zolpidem is not dialyzable.
The possibility of multiple drug ingestion should be considered.
Rx only
Distributed by:
Sanofi-Synthelabo Inc.
New York, NY 10016
ZSS-5A Revised August 2002
 Washington Whispers

STEVE BRITT / COPLEY NEWS SERVICE / STATE JOURNAL-REGISTER

ments with their tricks and

strategy, but when the
game’s Big Three storm
Washington next week to
fight an online gambling
ban, they won’t be bluffing
about how bad the impact
could be. To stop the steam-
rolling legislation, poker
royalty Greg Raymer, Chris
Ferguson, and Howard Lederer
will meet this week with
lawmakers, staff, and even
war vets at Walter Reed
Army Medical Center to
build support for online
gambling. “This is a truly
American tradition. Truman
played. Departed Chief Jus-
tice William Rehnquist had
games in chambers,” argues
Michael Bolcerek of the Poker
Player’s Alliance. His com-
promise with the gambling
foes: Regulate it, tax it, “but
don’t treat poker players
like al Qaeda.”
with his 2008 review of
You Can Pick Your OUT LOUD Democratic presidential
candidates, and he has ad-
Friends, But… vice for the hopefuls: Stop
Sen. Harry Reid, the Demo- “And this guy has his finger talking about God. “If vot-
cratic leader, makes no ers really cared,” he says,
bones about disliking most on the nuclear trigger, too— “they’d be Republicans.” He
of his gop colleagues. “Re-
publicans in the Senate,” he
reformed alcoholic, nothing found that Democratic pri-
mary and caucus voters
says, “do not represent wrong with that.” want to hear about the is-
mainstream Republicans in Ted Turner, CNN founder, sneering at President Bush and calling sues, not quotes from the
this country. Mainstream the war in Iraq a waste of time Bible. So which Democrat
Republicans in this country is ahead? Luntz, whose
are more moderate and
more thoughtful than the
“Yes, I know we have made 2004 poll predicted Sen.
John Kerry would emerge,
people I work with who are tactical errors, thousands likes ex-Virginia Gov. Mark
in the majority in the Sen- Warner. As for Sen. Hillary
ate.” Ouch. Well, of the 55 of them.” Rodham Clinton? “She’s going
gop-ers, he’s gotta like a Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice, in England, talking about to have trouble if she
the war in Iraq while defending the strategy there
few, right? “Someone asked doesn’t lighten up.”
me the other day,” he says,
“ ‘Who are the moderate Re- “From watching too many Showing Off the
publicans?’ Hmm. Well,
you’ve got Lincoln Chafee [of episodes of the Sopranos, your Lighter Side of Lent
Rhode Island], sometimes
the two senators from
staff seems to have acquired the The Lenten season, when
Roman Catholics give up a
Maine [Olympia Snowe and belief that any Sicilian gesture is vice during the 40 days
Susan Collins], and Arlen leading to Easter, is looking
Specter [of Pennsylvania] obscene—especially when made pretty good on House Mi-
whenever you don’t need nority Leader Nancy Pelosi.
him. That’s it.” Double ouch.
by an ‘Italian jurist.’ (I am, by the By chance we bumped into
way, an American jurist.)” the California lawmaker
Pollster to Dems: Supreme Court Justice Antonin Scalia, in a letter to the Boston last week and compliment-
ed her on a new slimmed-
Herald, which had said that he made an obscene hand gesture
Skip the God Talk to a reporter’s question down look. “Well,” she says
Republican pollster Frank with a smile, “I gave up
Sources: AP, Reuters, Boston Herald
Luntz has just returned from chocolate for Lent, and it’s
New Hampshire and Iowa killing me.” l

U.S.NEWS & WORLD REPORT • WWW.USNEWS.COM • APRIL 10, 2006 15

 WHITE HOUSE WEEK
Edited by Peter Cary
CHARLES DHARAPAK—AP

Getting the
Warm and
Fuzzies for
Congress

Q
uietly and methodical-
ly, President Bush has
been reaching out to
lawmakers on Capitol Hill as
part of an “insider’s cam-
paign” to lift the administra-
tion out of the political ditch.
The replacement of White
House Chief of Staff Andy
Card by budget boss Josh
Bolten may be just the start
of things to come. The presi-
dent wants Bolten to review
the staff lineup, possibly
make some more changes,
bring new energy to the West
Wing, but, perhaps most im-
portant, improve relations
11:15 a.m., March 30, Chichén Itzá, Mexico
with Congress. One big rea-
son for Bolten’s selection, in WHITE He doesn’t normally like to play tourist on foreign trips, but President Bush
fact, was his relationship HOUSE joined Mexican President Vicente Fox and Canadian Prime Minister Stephen
with key gop figures on the MOMENT Harper to visit one of Mexico’s archaeological sites. Aides said the outing would
Hill. “The president wants to show Bush’s appreciation for culture, both to Mexicans and to folks at home.
balance a sense of change
with continuity,” says a top
Bush aide. After months of complaints from Republicans however, is the proposed exit of Defense Secretary Donald
who felt taken for granted and Democrats who felt ignored, Rumsfeld. Some say that would push the Pentagon brass to
Bush has begun meeting privately with small groups of law- reconsider the current policies in Iraq and thus foster new
makers from both parties to solicit support for his policies. foreign policy ideas. Republicans point out that Condoleez-
za Rice’s taking over the State Department has led to new
And Don’t Forget the Nattering Nabobs thinking and energy there. This has apparently encouraged
Bush to heed the recommendations of his new secretary of

T he president’s outreach is also extending to a surprising

group—the White House press corps. At least twice re-
cently, Bush invited small groups of reporters in for off-the-
record chitchat and policy talk. The goal seems to be to
show the journalists that Bush is a likable, smart, friendly
guy and not the distant, stumbling caricature that has been
drawn by his critics. While several of the invitees are new to
the White House beat, some veterans were also in the mix,
suggesting that a more extensive outreach may be under-
way. Much will depend, gop insiders say, on whether the
media’s coverage of the White House gets more positive.
The Personnel Move That Won’t Go Away ispolicies
state more than he accepted the thinking of Colin Powell,
Rice’s predecessor, who tangled often with Vice President
Cheney and Rumsfeld.
He’s Not Just an Accidental Tourist
President Bush’s recent trips outside Washington have
some of his allies wondering if he’s overdoing it, tiring
himself and his staff, and not doing much to improve his job-
approval ratings or boost support for the Iraq war. In the
past two weeks, Bush has spent five days on the road, visiting
several U.S. states and Mexico. White House aides say Bush
raising money for Republican candidates and touting his
in local tv markets, which will help his sagging poll

S ome senior Republicans hold the view that too much fir-
ing at the White House could be a bad thing—that it
could deprive President Bush of valued confidants, whose
numbers. But there’s another factor: Bush likes to get out of
Washington. Aides say he is refreshed by these trips and
happy to escape the capital’s hothouse atmosphere. l
loyalty and company he prizes, and create turmoil in the
West Wing at a very sensitive time. One idea that persists, With Kenneth T. Walsh and Paul Bedard

You can get your own morning E-mail briefing combining exclusive Washington intelligence
with daily political news in the U.S. News Bulletin at www.usnewsbulletin.com

16 U.S.NEWS & WORLD REPORT • WWW.USNEWS.COM • APRIL 10, 2006

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A New Meaning to
‘Get Out the Vote’
G etting to the polls on
time can be a hassle—all
the more so if you are stuck
in temporary housing in an-
other state on Election Day.
The New Orleans city elec-
tions will be held on April
22, even though fewer than
200,000 of the city’s pre-
Katrina population of half a
million now live within city
limits. A legislative commit-
tee last week rejected a bill
that would have established
satellite voting centers in
cities outside Louisiana, but
officials have relaxed the
rules on voting by mail and
have set up polls in 10 other
cities around the state.
The election had been
slated for February 4, but
officials decided the date
was impractical so soon
after the storm destroyed
about 80 percent of the city.
A federal judge, whose
DURHAM, N.C. Several hundred people march in a rally against sexual violence at Duke University.
18 U.S.NEWS & WORLD REPORT • WWW.USNEWS.COM • APRIL 10, 2006
Edited by Gordon Witkin
NEW ORLEANS. Mayor Ray Nagin
is running for re-election.
home was flooded by the
storm, rejected a bid to
delay the vote. Mayor Ray
Nagin, who has been called
both adept and inept for his
post-storm leadership, is
running against nearly two
dozen challengers, including
Lt. Gov. Mitch Landrieu and
Ron Forman, head of the
Audubon Nature Institute.
Experts say the effort to
mobilize displaced voters
might be the largest since
the Civil War.
A Storied College
Town’s Ugly Blot
D uke University has been
racked with protests from
local residents since a black
woman alleged that three
white lacrosse players from
the school sexually assaulted
her at a house party on
March 13. The 27-year-old
woman, a student at North
Carolina Central University,
also in Durham, had been
hired as an exotic dancer for
what she thought was a bach-
elor party. She alleges that
racial slurs were shouted at
her and her partner. Durham
County District Attorney
Michael Nifong said, “I am
convinced that there was a
rape.” But team captains have
called the allegations “trans-
FROM TOP: CHRIS GRAYTHEN—GETTY IMAGES; CHUCK LIDDY—THE NEWS & OBSERVER / AP
parently false.” No
charges have yet been filed,
as police await the results of
dna tests. The university has
temporarily suspended the
team from play, and the insti-
tution, criticized in the area
for being a bastion of wealth
in a depressed community, is
bracing for the worst.
The Feds Charge
One of Their Own
Iontsignal
was once heralded as a
victory in the war
terrorism. But last week
the United States v. Kou-
briti took another bizarre
turn: The lead prosecutor
was himself indicted by the
government.
The federal indictment
says former prosecutor
Richard Convertino and
Harry Smith, a State Depart-
ment security officer who
was stationed in Amman,
Jordan, conspired to mis-
lead a Detroit jury about evi-
dence during the 2003 trial,
in which Koubriti and three
other North African immi-
grants were accused of oper-
ating a sleeper cell and con-
victed of a variety of
terrorism and fraud charges.
The federal judge handling
the trial, Gerald Rosen,
 WESTMINSTER,
COLO. Pringle,
doing public
penance with Tillie
Westminster
l
BALTIMORE. City school CEO Bonnie Copeland
discusses the state’s vote to take over schools.
cases. His attorney, William
Sullivan, says the indict-
ment is “manifestly false”
and “another example of
government reprisal.” An
attorney for Smith said his
client was “a dedicated pub-
lic servant” who would be
vindicated in court.
DETROIT. Convertino is accused
A Drastic Move on
of conspiring to mislead a jury. Failing Schools
threw out the convictions
after the Justice Department
T he Maryland State De-
partment of Education
voted to assume control of
accused Convertino of with- 11 failing Baltimore city
holding evidence that could
have helped the defense.
schools last week, a move
that has enraged city offi-
Convertino is suing his cials. In an unprecedented
former boss, as well as for-
mer Attorney General John
Ashcroft and other Justice
application of the federal No
Child Left Behind Act,
which allows third parties to
Department officials, accus- assume control of failing
ing them of “gross misman- schools, the state will now
agement” of terrorism seek outside contractors to
FROM TOP: GLENN ASAKAWA—DENVER POST / AP; CHRIS GARDNER—AP; CHARLIE ARCHAMBAULT FOR USN&WR
Detroit
l
l New Orleans
manage the schools, which
had long been under scruti-
ny for low test scores.
The Republican-led
takeover, traditionally the
purview of local municipali-
ties, has the city’s Democratic
mayor (who wants to be gov-
ernor) crying foul. Martin
O’Malley says Gov. Robert
Ehrlich’s administration is
using children as “political
pawns,” pointing to a gradua-
tion rate that has increased
from 42 percent in 1996 to
58 percent today. The head of
the state education board ar-
gued that the state can’t let
the city relegate students “to
the bottom of the economic
rungs of our society.”
When the Penalty
Fits the Crime
S he’d had a troubled life,
but last week Tillie the
hov dummy found a happy
home. The makeshift man-
nequin was the creation of
Coloradan Greg Pringle,
U.S.NEWS & WORLD REPORT • WWW.USNEWS.COM • APRIL 10, 2006
l
Baltimore
l Durham
who used her as a “passen-
ger” in his car to gain access
to the high-occupancy vehi-
cle lane on U.S. 36. But alas,
the gendarmes caught on,
and last month, a judge in
Westminster, Colo., fined
Pringle $115 and ordered
him to hold a sign alongside
the highway reading “hov
lane is not for dummies.”
The judge also ordered that
any profits from Tillie’s sale
be donated to a driver safety
awareness program. A Den-
ver firm, Video Professor,
which produces home com-
puter tutorials, paid
$15,000 for her on eBay.
“We’ve rescued Tillie from a
life of crime,” said company
spokesman Brian Olson. l
With Alex Kingsbury, Chitra
Ragavan, Silla Brush, and
the Associated Press
19
 Edited by Terry Atlas

Israelis Vote for a

Pullback (Maybe)
F orming a coalition gov-
ernment to confirm him
as Israel’s prime minister
shouldn’t be much of a
problem for Ehud Olmert,
whose Kadima (Forward)
party finished first in Tues-
day’s election. But since
Kadima fell short of the an-
ticipated landslide victory,
the problem for Olmert
waits down the road, when
he will need government
backing to carry out his his-
toric plan to end Israel’s oc-
cupation of the West Bank.
Olmert, 60, acting prime
minister and Kadima stand- ISRAEL. Supporters of acting Prime Minister Ehud Olmert cheered the
ard bearer since Ariel election win by his centrist Kadima party, but will his vision prevail?
Sharon suffered a massive
stroke, sought a mandate for an Olmert government and that Olmert, for now at least,
his “consolidation” plan to share the spoils; whether is no Sharon. Kadima, fore-
remove Israeli settlers and they will stay on for the cast a week before the elec-
soldiers from perhaps 90 traumatic ordeal of uproot- tion to win nearly 40 of 120
percent of the West Bank. ing tens of thousands of Knesset seats, finished with
He didn’t get it. While pro- Jewish settlers—which 29. And what was billed as a
consolidation parties of the Olmert has promised by watershed vote on Israel’s
left did much better than 2010—is anyone’s guess. territorial future drew what
pro-settlement parties of the Carrying off such an en- Israelis regard as lackluster
right, a bloc of special-inter- deavor will require extraor- (63 percent) voter turnout.
est factions in the middle dinary leadership, the kind Facing a long, grueling polit-
now holds the balance of Sharon displayed over the ical journey, the determined
power. The new Pensioners nearly two-year process of but uninspiring Olmert
Party and old ultra-Ortho- getting Israel out of the Gaza finds himself starting out in
dox parties are eager to join Strip. This election showed a bit of a hole.

A Soft Slap by the

Security Council
ISecurity
t was supposed to be a
snap. But when the U.N.
Council got down
to formally warning Iran off
its defiant resumption of
nuclear work, the only thing
snapping was the tempers of
diplomats who saw an op-
portunity to deliver a strong
rebuke debated, delayed,
and then drained of most of
its punch. It took three
weeks to issue a nonbinding
presidential statement on
behalf of the 15-member
council. The statement
LIBYA. A solar eclipse darkened skies across northern Africa, the eastern Mediterranean, and central Asia. turned out to be weaker

20 U.S.NEWS & WORLD REPORT • WWW.USNEWS.COM • APRIL 10, 2006 FROM TOP: GALI TIBBON—AFP / GETTY IMAGES; KHALED DESOUKI—AFP / GETTY IMAGES
 RUSSIA

BRITAIN

FRANCE

SIERRA LEONE. Former Liberian President Charles Taylor in custody.

His detention and war-crimes trial may move to the Netherlands.
IRAQ
ISRAEL IRAN
CHINA
LIBYA
INDIA

SIERRA LEONE NIGERIA

LIBERIA CAMEROON

than the demands al-

ready issued by the
Justice Delayed,
board of the U.N.’s In- but Now in Sight
ternational Atomic En-
ergy Agency, the body
charged with monitoring
S ometimes there is good
news from Africa.
Liberia’s murderous warlord
Iran’s nuclear activities. turned president, Charles
Britain, France, and most Taylor, was captured after
of the rest of the Security fleeing his 21/2-year refuge
Council sided with the Bush in Nigeria and was flown to
administration in urging a
tougher statement; Russia
Tehran, few expect a quick
breakthrough. Bolton spoke
Sierra Leone—where a U.N.-
backed tribunal has charged
For India, Looking
and China pushed back— of revisiting the issue “on him with war crimes and Past the Bomb
questioning whether the
council should even take up
Iran’s nuclear ambitions.
the 31st day.” Then what?
Predicts one European
diplomat, “The Russians
crimes against humanity,
including responsibility for
mass rape, mutilations, and
P resident Bush is facing
political headwinds in
trying to get Congress to sign
With the statement requir- will string it out.” murder. Taylor incited civil off on his new nuclear accord
ing unanimity, Moscow wa- wars in his native Liberia with India. Critics warn that
tered it down. The conces- and neighboring Sierra the de facto acceptance of a
sions included pulling the Leone, in which more than nuclear-armed India could
iaea back into the issue, 300,000 people were killed, encourage others to go after
lengthening the period (to and he continued to stir the bomb. Indian Foreign
30 days) by which time Iran trouble in West Africa even Secretary Shyam Saran made
is supposed to stop prepar- after being given temporary the Washington rounds last
ing to enrich uranium, and asylum in Nigeria. Taylor, week on behalf of “an initia-
stripping out a reference to traveling in a jeep with tive that will determine, for
Iran posing a “threat to in- diplomatic plates, was good reasons, the direction of
ternational peace.” caught at the border with our future ties.” Also pushing
The top U.S. envoy to the neighboring Cameroon, the deal: the nuclear power
U.N., John Bolton, gamely with two 110-pound sacks industry, which sees a $100
argued that just getting a of foreign currency. Photos billion market once current
consensus statement shows of a shackled Taylor were trade restrictions on nuclear
that the Iran file is now the profound images on acon- technology are lifted. l
Security Council’s to han- IRAQ. Abducted U.S. journalist Jill tinent where warlords
dle—an outcome Iran long Carroll was freed after 12 weeks. and despots have ruled— With Thomas Omestad,
resisted. But with a brusque She said she was held in one and continue to rule—with Larry Derfner in Israel,
rebuff last week from room but not physically harmed. impunity. and the Associated Press

FROM TOP: MICHAEL KAMBER—POLARIS; SCOTT PETERSON—CHRISTIAN SCIENCE MONITOR / GETTY IMAGES U.S.NEWS & WORLD REPORT • WWW.USNEWS.COM • APRIL 10, 2006 21
 Edited by Danielle Burton

WEDNESDAY, APRIL 5
l FRONT-ROW FASHIONISTAS. Hear “fashion week,” and your
mind travels to New York, Paris, and Milan. But this week,
New Delhi is the world’s style capital, when the Wills
Lifestyle India Fashion Week kicks off today. In fact, thanks
to a sponsorship dispute, it’s the second such event to be
held in India this year.
THURSDAY, APRIL 6
l THE BARD’S YEAR. Romeo and Juliet opens the Royal Shake-
speare Company’s yearlong Complete Works Festival in Strat-
ford-upon-Avon, England. It’s said to
state and local officials are working to attract and retain more
healthcare workers.
SATURDAY, APRIL 8
l SACRED DAYS. The birth of Buddha is celebrated in many
countries. The Japanese observe the occasion with the
flower festival Hana Matsuri, gathering at temples and of-
fering flowers to the spiritual leader. The week is marked
by important days in other religions: Palm Sunday (April
9), the birthday of the prophet Muhammad (April 11), and
the date of the establishment of the Church of Jesus Christ
of Latter-day Saints (April 6).
SUNDAY, APRIL 9
PRAKASH SINGH—AFP / GETTY IMAGES

be the first time that all the bard’s 37

plays, sonnets, and long poems have l WORLD ELECTIONS. Italy’s general
been staged at the same event. The of- election takes place, with voters
ficial launch of the festival coincides choosing between controversial,
with Shakespeare’s birthday weekend, right-wing Prime Minister Silvio
April 22–23. Among those slated to Berlusconi and leftist Romano Prodi.
perform: Patrick Stewart, Judi Dench, The latest opinion polls predict vic-
and Ian McKellen. tory for Prodi, although as many as
l A VIEW TO A KILT. The Scottish Dec- one third of voters remain undecid-
laration of Independence was signed ed. Peru also holds elections today,
in 1320—and much later used as a as voters choose a successor to Pres-
model for the American one. So it is ident Alejandro Toledo.
only right that Scottish-Americans are
honored with National Tartan Day. In MONDAY, APRIL 10
New York City, kilt wearers will pa- l FATHER OF INVENTION. President
rade down the Avenue of the Ameri- George Washington signed the bill
cas on April 8. And Mississippi has that formed the modern American
honored its Scots by adopting an of- patent system on this day back in
ficial state tartan. 1790. Today’s wannabe inventors can
submit their patent application online
FRIDAY, APRIL 7 (http://www.uspto.gov).
l THE POPE’S ARMY. A group of former
Swiss Guards sets off on a 27-day, TUESDAY, APRIL 11
450-mile march to Rome to com- l PRESERVING THE PAST. The Land-
memorate the 500 years the guards marks Committee of the National Park
have protected 42 successive popes. System Advisory Board meets to con-
Leaving from Bellinzona, Switzer- APRIL 5. Fashions on display in India sider the designation of 14 properties
land, they will follow much of the as National Historic Landmarks.
same route (the Via Francigena) the Among those being discussed: the
first pontifical guards took in 1506, arriving in St. Peter’s Eames Case Study House No. 8 in Los Angeles; the Liberty
Square on May 4. Memorial in Kansas City, Mo.; and Heart Mountain in Ral-
l GOT GRITS? The residents of St. George, S.C., claim they con- ston, Wyo.
sume more grits per capita than anyone else in the world. Fit- l BEER PEOPLE UNITE. The Craft Brewers Conference kicks off
tingly, this weekend they host the 21st Annual World Grits Fes- in Seattle, providing continuing education and an opportu-
tival. In the “Rolling in the Grits” contest, competitors slosh nity for professional brewers to share tips on improving qual-
around in a pool of grits for 10 seconds, and whoever manages ity. Two thousand brews will vie for the honor of the World
to get slathered by the most grits, judging by the weight before Beer Cup, and the gala awards dinner is already sold out.
and after, wins. Past victors have put on an average of around l ONE TOUR TOO MANY. A doctor in Britain’s Royal Air Force faces
30 pounds. a court-martial after refusing to return to Iraq for a third tour
l WORK FOR HEALTH. On the anniversary of its founding, the of duty last June. Because Iraq had not attacked the U.K. or one
World Health Organization observes World Health Day 2006. of its allies, Flight Lt. Malcolm Kendall-Smith believes there was
This year, the group focuses on what it calls a crisis in the no lawful reason to enter Iraq, making his orders “illegal.” A pre-
health workforce. The shortage of workers in healthcare fields trial hearing ruled the orders were lawful, and Kendall-Smith
is estimated at about 4 million worldwide, with areas such now could face two years in detention if found guilty. l
as sub-Saharan Africa, where workers also face the hiv/aids
epidemic, the hardest hit. Across the United States, as well, With Carol S. Hook and Jill Konieczko

22 U.S.NEWS & WORLD REPORT • WWW.USNEWS.COM • APRIL 10, 2006

40046

40046
 Q&A: GLENN REYNOLDS
By Kent Allen

GIVING POWER TO THE PEOPLE

I
n his day job, Glenn Reynolds is a law I think for a lot of us, they will. At least In addition to the behemoth companies,
professor at the University of Ten- it will be very different. Up until you hammer big media and big government
nessee. The 45-year-old has also the late 18th century, almost every- as out of sync, given the emergence of nim-
tried his hand at beer brewing, thing was done by a small group of in- ble technology. What about big education?
recording music, penning novels, dividuals. The advent of the steam Will there be a shift in power in formal
launching instapundit.com—a popular engine and the modern corporation re- schooling, or will longtime institutions
interactive website for libertarian and ally erased that model. A steel mill adapt to the pressure of all the “Davids”?
conservative political commentary—and was really more efficient. Now the Yes, there will be a change. I have that
most recently authoring An Army of technology is coming around the other chapter on video games and computer
Davids: How Markets and Technology way. Tailors were sort of replaced by games. I think those will play an in-
Empower Ordinary People to Beat Big these textile factories. Now there creasingly important educational role. I
Media, Big Government and Other Go- are customized factories; call it per- don’t think just commercial entertain-
liaths. Reynolds spoke to U.S. News sonal manufacturing. An awful lot of ment games but also stuff that’s custom
about how our modern sling- JOHN SCHWEIKERT made for it. In fact, the [U.S.]
shots—blogs, cellphones, 24- Army is ahead of the curve on
7 connectedness—are shifting this. So when it comes to
the balance of power to the lit- teaching skills, I think they’re
tle guy. Excerpts: terrific. When it comes to
Is this the golden age for the teaching other stuff, I don’t
individual? know. Yet traditional teachers
Yes. It’s at least a golden age like myself are not necessar-
for the individual. People ily that efficient at teaching.
are freer to use their poten- Things like the University
tial than they’ve ever been, of Phoenix [which teaches
though perhaps not as free through distance learning]
as they’ll be in the future. don’t really fit into my Army
There’s a wonderful point of Davids, but they might
from Arthur C. Clarke. Twen- have an effect.
ty thousand years ago, there Toward the end of your book,
were people running around you talk about privately funded
the planet who had all the space exploration. When will
ability to be a symphony con- we inhabit Mars?
ductor or an airline pilot. But A popular blogger and law professor has Not soon enough, probably.
their talent was wasted. Now You know, the funny thing
it’s changed. More and more, an optimistic take on markets, technology, about privately funded space
you’re able to find a niche. It’s
worker control of the means
and the power of the little guy. stuff is that if you read science
fiction before 1960, they all
of production without all that assume that’s the way we’re
tiresome communism stuff. All kinds things are going to be done on the in- going to get there, like aviation in the
of power that used to be available only dividual scale. ’20s. The [government-funded] Apollo
to large organizations is now available You’re not a fan of big corporations, argu- program sort of jump-started it.
to individuals. ing that they have outlived their usefulness. You generally come down on the side of
Just how influential are bloggers? Are they of any value in the 21st century? the optimists in looking at new technology.
People oversell the power of blogs and Oh, sure. I wasn’t saying that big was What are the drawbacks?
alternative media. They don’t yet have necessarily bad. But I do think that the The obvious drawback is that when you
a lot of power, but they do have a fair kind of bigness that’s going to work is a empower individuals, you empower the
amount of influence. They have the abil- different kind of bigness. That’s why I good ones and the bad ones. And of
ity to get things into the national con- contrast Wal-Mart with eBay. Wal- course, terrorism is different today. Back
versation that would otherwise be left Mart is a very traditional, top-down or- in the days when you had to swing a
out. That’s a big change from just a little ganization. It’s very good at what it sword to kill someone, one person
while ago, when a small set of gatekeep- does. But eBay is something you couldn’t do that much damage. Now, one
ers controlled it all. wouldn’t have seen before the 21st cen- person can. We will have to worry more
You write enthusiastically about an out- tury. It is big; there’s not much differ- about that in the future. There’s a blind-
ing to a Build-a-Bear store with your ence in the number of people who make ness in thinking that good things can be
10-year-old daughter, where you had an their living with either company. The done only by bigger organizations.
epiphany about the possibilities of do-it- difference is that eBay [unlike Wal- There’s a kind of blindness that dangers
yourself activity. Will our work lives be Mart] doesn’t get there by telling [em- only come from big organizations. I don’t
mostly do-it-yourself in a generation? ployees] what to do. think that’s true either. l

24 U.S.NEWS & WORLD REPORT • WWW.USNEWS.COM • APRIL 10, 2006

 Nation & World
BORDER WAR
IMMIGRATION REFORM IS FRAUGHT WITH POLITICAL PERIL. WHEN
IT’S OVER, PLENTY OF PEOPLE ARE GOING TO BE ANGRY
By Dan Gilgoff
A
t the White House last month, the Southern
Baptist Convention’s top political officer,
Richard Land, told President Bush he was of-
fended by the number of illegal immigrants
living with impunity in the United States.
“When government does not enforce laws,”
he told Bush, “it’s not doing what God or-
dained it to do.” But Land, whose group
counts 16 million followers, favors down-to-earth solu-
tions. “Practically speaking,” he says, “the government
isn’t going to deport 12 million immigrants.” So Land told
the president he supports Bush’s proposed guest-work-
er program—and that he might even support putting il-
legal immigrants on a path to citizenship.
Land’s take on immigration mirrors an uneasy nation-
al ambivalence. On one hand, Americans seem inclined to
preserve their melting-pot heritage, but they also want law
and order and harbor post-9/11 fears about national se-
curity. The debate is playing out on a variety of stages. Last
month, hundreds of thousands marched in the streets in
CHARLIE ARCHAMBAULT FOR USN&WR
Demonstrators rally
on Capitol Hill in
support of
immigrants.
support of immigrants. And last week, the U.S. Senate
intensified debate on a host of legislative proposals, rang-
ing from get-tough enforcement measures to guest-work-
er programs that would put illegals on a path to citizen-
ship. Where it ends up is anybody’s guess. “You’re in an
election year, and this stirs passions on all sides,” says
Kansas Sen. Sam Brownback. “There’s a real possibility we
won’t be able to pull anything together.” The issue is so
fraught with political and policy differences that even if
Congress does pull something off, it is as likely to disap-
point all parties involved as it is to satisfy any one of them.
There is wide agreement that the problem has spun out
of control. The illegal immigrant population in the Unit-
ed States is now estimated at up to 12 million, a rise of more
than 240 percent from 1990. It has spread from border
states to places like North Carolina and New Jersey, each
home to more than 350,000 illegal immigrants. “This issue
has reached critical mass,” says gop pollster Whit Ayres.
“People are demanding that something be done.”
Late last year, the House of Representatives respond-
ed, passing a get-tough bill that would raise 700 miles
of fence along the Mexican border. The House resisted
U.S.NEWS & WORLD REPORT • WWW.USNEWS.COM • APRIL 10, 2006 25
 Nation & World

CHARLIE ARCHAMBAULT FOR USN&WR

President Bush’s calls for of Latinos cast their ballots

a guest-worker program, for Bush in 2004, up from 21
which would provide tem- percent who backed Bob
porary legal status. But a Dole in 1996. Hispanics
Senate bill, sent to the floor were 8 percent of the elec-
last week by the Judiciary torate in 2004, but they are
Committee, appeared to the nation’s fastest-growing
take the “temporary” out of minority group, capable of
the president’s plan, giving tipping elections in swing
illegal immigrants a path to states like Colorado. Repub-
citizenship without having licans want to avoid another
to return home. The bill California Proposition 187,
would also more than dou- a gop-backed ballot initia-
ble the number of U.S. tive to deny social services to
agents along the Mexican illegal immigrants. Passed
border and create a “virtual by voters in 1994, Prop. 187
wall” of cameras and aerial alienated Latinos and sent
vehicles. A second Senate the state gop into a slump.
bill introduced by Majority Immigration reform pre-
Leader Bill Frist of Ten- Sen. Lindsey Graham is one of the Republicans backing a guest-worker plan. sents similar risks. “The
nessee—who is eyeing a harsh rhetoric about build-
2008 White House bid—has no guest- quiet group at the Rotary Club,” says ing walls or making people who violate im-
worker provision. Both Senate bills may antitax crusader Grover Norquist, who migration laws felons has played into
get a vote this week, along with a host of supports a guest-worker program. The that,” says Texas Sen. John Cornyn, a Re-
amendments. Key House Republicans U.S. Chamber of Commerce predicts that publican. “I don’t think [we’ll] make the
have hinted they might be open to recon- 50 percent of the workforce will retire in same mistake in the Senate.”
sidering a guest-worker proposal, but con- the next five years, creating a worker short- Cornyn has helped draft legislation that
servatives there would most likely resist. age. Even senators from states with small would allow illegals to stay in the coun-
A recent Wall Street Journal/nbc poll illegal populations, like South Carolina’s try for five years but would require them
showed that about 60 percent of Ameri- Lindsey Graham, report vocal business to return home before applying for citi-
cans oppose a guest-worker program. support for keeping illegal immigrants zenship, a possible middle ground in the
But polls also show that voters rank il- stateside. “Were a wall to be built on the debate. But immigrant-rights and busi-
legal immigration as a lower priority Mexican border,” says Bruce Josten, the ness groups say the plan is impractical.
than the economy and the Iraq war. chamber’s top lobbyist, “it would require Senate Democrats, meanwhile, have been
“You’re not going to get a big plus for immigrant labor.” forceful on the security component of the
being friendly toward illegal immigrants Also nudging some Republicans toward immigration debate to neutralize the issue
or a big minus for being unfriendly,” says a guest-worker program is a desire to and focus attention on support for guest
Maurice Carroll, director of the Quin- reach out to Hispanics. Forty-four percent workers and citizenship opportunities.
nipiac University Polling Institute. “Democrats have spent the last three elec-
But try telling that to Republicans des- tions looking for a wedge issue to drive the
perate for a winning political issue. Some NEW ARRIVALS Republicans apart,” says Jennifer Duffy,
gop leaders argue that their base, fear- The number of United States residents an analyst with the Cook Political Report.
ful that illegal immigrants are overload- born in other countries has more than “They think they’ve found it.” Many reli-
ing services and chipping away at the na- doubled since 1980. Illegal immigration gious groups that have sided with the gop
tional identity, would be put off by any has more than tripled. on abortion and gay marriage are stand-
guest-worker proposal. Colorado Rep. FOREIGN-BORN 12% of U.S. ing with the Democrats on immigration.
Tom Tancredo has won a national pro- POPULATION IN THE U.S. population “We’ve been embraced by Republicans on
file by campaigning for tougher immi- moral issues,” says the Rev. Samuel Rod-
2004 34.2 mil.
gration restrictions; he is now consider- riguez, president of the National Hispan-
ing a White House bid, too. 2000 31.1 ic Christian Leadership Conference. “On
Disappointments. Conservatives who 1995 24.5 this issue, Democrats have extended their
have watched President Bush rack up 1990 19.8 hands. This is a watershed moment for the
record deficits and champion the Dubai 14.1
Republican Party.”
1980
ports deal, meanwhile, are eager for Whether Democrats can muster
something to sink their teeth into. “I enough support to pass a bill with guest-
don’t want to say anything is the last ILLEGAL IMMIGRANTS IN THE U.S. worker and citizenship provisions—and,
straw, but the list of disappointments is 2006 11.5–12 mil. Roughly 30% strangely, deliver a White House victo-
piling up,” says Jessica Echard, executive 2000 8.4 of foreign-born ry—is another question. Even if the Sen-
director of the Eagle Forum. population ate manages to pass something, it will
1995 5.0
But Capitol Hill offices have also heard still have to be reconciled with the
from businesses in their home states— 1990 3.5 Immigrants arriving illegally House’s enforcement-only bill. Which is
many run by Republicans—that have come 1980 3.0 each year, since 2000: 850,000 where the real fireworks could begin. l
to rely on the cheap labor of immigrants.
“In the conservative movement, there are Sources: Pew Hispanic Center; U.S. Census Bureau With Danielle Knight and
a few loud voices on talk radio and this big Kenneth T. Walsh

26 U.S.NEWS & WORLD REPORT • WWW.USNEWS.COM • APRIL 10, 2006 GRAPHIC BY ROB CADY—USN&WR
 BAGHDAD BLUES
For three years, the U.S. has tried to build Iraq’s police force. Why it’s still a mess
By Kevin Whitelaw
I
nside a low-slung bunker in a quiet
residential neighborhood in Bagh-
dad, Falah al-Naqib was holding
court in his temporary office. It was
July 2004, and Iraq’s new interior min-
ister was briefing a team of U.S. civilian
advisers on his plan to jump-start Iraq’s
moribund police force. A former Sunni
opposition leader, Naqib wanted to bring
back intact Iraqi Army units, which mir-
rored Iraq’s ethnic and sec-
tarian makeup, to form a
new police commando force
that could tackle an alarm-
ing spike in violence.
Within a few weeks, the
first recruits were training,
even though they lacked uni-
forms—and in some cases,
shoes. When Matt Sherman,
a U.S. adviser, first saw the
unit, he was impressed by
its tight discipline and
high morale. The comman-
dos soon received support
from the U.S. military and
gained respect from other
Iraqis after battling insur-
gents in several cities. “They
literally were the most effec- COMMANDOS. Ministry of Interior’s elite force, during a house search
ALI JAREKJI—REUTERS / CORBIS
tive [Iraqi] fighting force,” says Sher-
man. “What was great about it was that the
Iraqis were doing it on their own.”
Deadly raids. The glow has long since
faded. Today, the bunker where this brief
success story was conceived is better
known as the site of an illegal detention
center apparently run by a renegade force
within the Interior Ministry. The repu-
tation of the police force now lies in tat-
ters, amid accusations of human-rights
violations and other police abuses. And
U.S.NEWS & WORLD REPORT • WWW.USNEWS.COM • APRIL 10, 2006
many Sunnis have come to distrust the
commandos, now called the National Po-
lice, while the ministry is widely believed
by Iraqis to be riddled with hard-line Shi-
ite militias that have free rein to pursue
their own, often violent, agendas. Sus-
picion has only grown in the past two
weeks after a string of deadly raids on
Baghdad businesses by gunmen dressed
in Iraqi commando uniforms.
The need for a reliable and integrated
police force has never been greater. Iraq is
GUY CALAF—WPN facing a dangerous surge of
sectarian violence with in-
surgents scheming to pro-
voke a full-scale civil war. But
these days, the embattled In-
terior Ministry has become a
symbol of the Bush adminis-
tration’s inability to establish
basic security in central Iraq.
There were some early suc-
cesses, such as the comman-
dos, but broader progress has
been undone by the vagaries
of Iraq’s emerging political
scene and the ever rising
violence. The failures were
compounded by intense
squabbles and profound dis-
connects inside the U.S. gov-
ernment effort. U.S. military
27
 TOUGH GUY. Then
Interior Minister Falah
al-Naqib, visiting
Samarra in 2004

officials point to signs of progress: Police later.) “So by the third day, I was asking, the Department of Homeland Security
are better able to hold their ground against ‘Is Iraq like this every day?’ ” he says. kept peddling a color-coded threat alert
insurgent attacks, and the ministry has Lots of money. In those early days, system for Iraq, similar to the much-
disbanded some outlaw units in recent under the U.S.-led Coalition Provision- ridiculed U.S. system. Other officials ac-
months. But other U.S. officials insist that al Authority, U.S. officials largely oper- tually bought a $250 million digital
the ministry urgently needs to be de- ated inside the confines of the Green radio system, only to have it rejected by
politicized to help stave off a civil war. “I Zone, cut off from many Iraqis. Casteel Iraqis as too complicated and too cost-
think it’s one of our biggest problems,” says had a mission—to rebuild the police— ly—at $20 million a year—to operate.
a senior U.S. official. and a big budget, but few aides. “It was Meanwhile, a host of serious problems
Rebuilding was always going to be dif- my first assignment in government loomed—the ragged, poorly trained police
ficult, given Iraq’s recent history of op- where money wasn’t the problem,” says force was increasingly outgunned by the
pression. But, as with most of the recon- Casteel, who had served Latin America. growing insurgency. Casteel wanted to
struction effort, U.S. officials did very little “[Yet] I only had 19 people on my staff.” build a national police force, but many cpa
preinvasion planning for rebuilding the The pace was frenetic, as aides draft- officials were leery of re-creating power-
crucial Interior Ministry, which oversees ed a raft of plans—many idealistic, some ful, centralized security bodies. The staff
the police nationwide as well as the bor- even fanciful—usually with little Iraqi advising the Interior Ministry was one of
der and customs forces. When Steve Cas- input. One cpa staffer who came from the larger U.S. teams, but Casteel’s squad
teel arrived in Baghdad in the KHALID MOHAMMED—AP never got close to the 120 peo-
fall of 2003 to be the min- ple he needed in order to
istry’s senior adviser, he had manage the sprawling min-
no time for illusions. On his istry. He topped out near 60,
first morning, the 32-year with high turnover, and many
veteran of the Drug Enforce- advisers lacked law enforce-
ment Administration pulled ment expertise.
up at the Al Rashid Hotel, The immediate impera-
which was to be his home, to tive was to train and deploy as
watch smoke billowing from many police officers as pos-
the hulking structure, which sible. “If you have over-
had just been rocketed by in- whelming presence on the
surgents. The next day, sui- streets, you create a deter-
cide bombers hit four Bagh- rent and you unleash intelli-
dad police stations, killing gence,” says Robert Charles,
eight officers. And on the who ran the State Depart-
third day, an aide warned ment’s law enforcement bu-
that the ministry had some- reau at the time. The plan,
how misplaced $72 million. based on U.S. work in Koso-
(The money was located days ANGER. Protesting alleged detainee torture by Interior Ministry forces vo, was an eight-week basic

28 U.S.NEWS & WORLD REPORT • WWW.USNEWS.COM • APRIL 10, 2006 JEWEL SAMAD—AFP / GETTY IMAGES
 Nation & World

training course, followed by on-the-job was dangerous for the Americans, too.
mentoring by western police officers. Officials foiled a plot by the minister’s
Frustrated by the slow pace of training, tea server to poison Naqib and Casteel.) Before you take
the Pentagon took over the program. As minister, Naqib worked quickly to
(What’s more, most of Casteel’s staff er- build up his commando project. He fired
your TOPROL-XL,
roneously were sent pink slips and in- corrupt or incompetent officers and make sure you’re taking
structions to leave Iraq within three days.) raised the salaries of those who re-
There was another wrinkle as a bitter bu- mained. “We had to clean them out,” he TOPROL-XL.
reaucratic battle raged for several months says. He also brought back many Sunnis
over a large chunk of the $800 million who had been pushed out because of
training effort. Some in Washington, like their ties to Saddam Hussein’s regime.
Charles, were impatient to get foreign po- There were hiccups: The police forces in These days, there are so many
lice mentors deployed and blamed other Fallujah and Mosul collapsed after in- medications with similar names,
U.S. officials for not helping. In Iraq, surgent assaults in 2004. When Naqib it could be easy to mistake one for
meanwhile, Casteel saw few mentors ar- took office, the Baghdad police force had another. So it’s important that you
riving and concluded that the violence only 8,000 officers and 4,000 ak-47s.
would prevent sending them outside the Naqib accepted the U.S. target of take steps to ensure that the
capital. Instead, he wanted to move $250 135,000 officers nationwide, setting off medicine you’re prescribed is the
million to pay for advanced training for a scramble for new recruits. The U.S. medicine you receive.
skills like criminal in- military, in recruiting
vestigation and bomb and training the police,
Be certain you and your pharmacist
disposal. Eventually, the U.S. officials did operated largely inde-
Baghdad team won the pendently of Casteel’s know exactly what your doctor
battle, but the delay was very little pre- team. Soon, thousands has prescribed for you. Check the
costly. “There was an ap-
palling lack of a sense of
invasion planning of Iraqis were going
through eight-week
label on the bottle and the pills
inside before leaving the pharmacy.
urgency on the part of for rebuilding the courses at police acade- For TOPROL-XL, compare your
this administration to mies in Iraq and Jor-
make sure that we were Interior Ministry, dan. “There was a con- pills to the ones below. If they
coherent at the execu-
tion level,” says Paul
which oversees the stant drive to focus on
the numbers, as if suc-
don’t match, talk to your pharmacist
right away.
Eaton, the retired major police nationwide. cess was determined
general who was in only by the numbers
charge of training the trained,” says Sherman.
Iraqi military and police at the time. “But you need leaders—that’s what’s been
Lost in transition. Meanwhile, the cpa lacking with the police force.”
25 mg 50 mg 100 mg 200 mg
was handing over authority to a tempo- The ministry was also lacking the ca-
TOPROL-XL TOPROL-XL TOPROL-XL TOPROL-XL
rary Iraqi government and a new U.S. pacity to absorb the recruits. Already,
Embassy. But some things were lost in salaries were frequently going unpaid,
the transition. The cpa wanted to create sparking protests and desertions. Now, T h a n k yo u . Yo u r h e a l t h a n d
a commission to manage the integration it was taking months to place the newly safety are important to us. For
of Iraq’s sectarian militias, like the Shi- trained officers in police stations. The more information, including boxed
ite Badr Corps and the Kurdish pesh- disconnect between the training side and WARNING regarding suddenly
merga, into the security forces. The idea the ministry was severe enough that nei-
was to allow fighters to enlist as indi- ther side could even track where tens of stopping the use of TOPROL-XL,
viduals and disavow loyalty to the mili- thousands of trainees ended up. see a brief summary of the full
tia, which some officials thought far- The small civilian team was just strug- Prescribing Information on the
fetched. Either way, neither the new gling to keep up with the numbers. “No- adjacent page. And visit our
Iraqi government nor the new embassy body focused on building institutional
staff were interested in the commission, capacity for the police, just on training Web site at www.TOPROL-XL.com
which was not funded and eventually entry-level police,” says one U.S. official or call 1-800-236-9933.
disappeared. This left the militia prob- currently involved in the program. “In- TOPROL-XL is a registered trademark of the
lem waiting to re-emerge. stead, it became a cult based on the min- AstraZeneca group of companies.
The change of government also ister’s personality.” There was also a con- © 2006 AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP.
brought a macho new interior minister, cern about the vetting process run by the All rights reserved. 239337 03/06
Naqib, known for favoring fancy suits, U.S. military with little Iraqi input. Some
dark sunglasses, and cigars. Not content U.S. officials believe that militia mem- TAKE IT. SERIOUSLY.
to remain in the Green Zone, Naqib reg- bers—and even insurgents—were able to
ularly traveled the country in a massive slip through the cracks.
armored convoy. After a bloody U.S. of- Naqib’s term in office lasted less than
fensive in Fallujah, the heart of the in- a year. There was an election in January
surgency, he insisted on walking the 2005, but in the more than three months
streets there. “Of course, it was danger- it took to hash out a new government,
ous, but what should we do?” says Naqib. the ministry lost control over many local
“Either you’re a leader, or you’re not.” (It police forces. Provincial councils formed
 Please read this summary carefully and then ask your doctor about TOPROL-XL. Do not stop treatment without first talking with your doctor. No advertisement can provide all the information needed to
determine if a drug is right for you. This advertisement does not take the place of careful discussions with your doctor. Only your doctor has the training to weigh the risks and benefits of a prescription drug.
BRIEF SUMMARY: For full Prescribing Information, see package insert.
INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Hypertension: TOPROL-XL is indicated for the treatment of hypertension. It may
be used alone or in combination with other antihypertensive agents. Angina
Pectoris: TOPROL-XL is indicated in the long-term treatment of angina pectoris.
Heart Failure: TOPROL-XL is indicated for the treatment of stable, symptomatic
(NYHA Class II or III) heart failure of ischemic, hypertensive, or cardiomyopathic origin.
It was studied in patients already receiving ACE inhibitors, diuretics, and, in the majority
of cases, digitalis. In this population, TOPROL-XL decreased the rate of mortality plus
hospitalization, largely through a reduction in cardiovascular mortality and hospitaliza-
tions for heart failure.
CONTRAINDICATIONS
TOPROL-XL is contraindicated in severe bradycardia, heart block greater than first
degree, cardiogenic shock, decompensated cardiac failure, sick sinus syndrome (unless
a permanent pacemaker is in place) (see WARNINGS) and in patients who are hyper-
sensitive to any component of this product.
WARNINGS
Ischemic Heart Disease: Following abrupt cessation of therapy with certain beta-
blocking agents, exacerbations of angina pectoris and, in some cases, myocardial
infarction have occurred. When discontinuing chronically administered
TOPROL-XL, particularly in patients with ischemic heart disease, the dosage
should be gradually reduced over a period of 1–2 weeks and the patient should be
carefully monitored. If angina markedly worsens or acute coronary insufficiency
develops, TOPROL-XL administration should be reinstated promptly, at least
temporarily, and other measures appropriate for the management of unstable
angina should be taken. Patients should be warned against interruption or discon-
tinuation of therapy without the physician’s advice. Because coronary artery
disease is common and may be unrecognized, it may be prudent not to discon-
tinue TOPROL-XL therapy abruptly even in patients treated only for hypertension.
Bronchospastic Diseases: PATIENTS WITH BRONCHOSPASTIC DISEASES SHOULD,
IN GENERAL, NOT RECEIVE BETA-BLOCKERS. Because of its relative beta1-selectivity,
however, TOPROL-XL may be used with caution in patients with bronchospastic disease
who do not respond to, or cannot tolerate, other antihypertensive treatment. Since
beta1-selectivity is not absolute, a beta2-stimulating agent should be administered
concomitantly, and the lowest possible dose of TOPROL-XL should be used (see
DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION). Major Surgery: The necessity or desirability of with-
drawing beta-blocking therapy prior to major surgery is controversial; the impaired
ability of the heart to respond to reflex adrenergic stimuli may augment the risks of
general anesthesia and surgical procedures. TOPROL-XL like other beta-blockers, is a
competitive inhibitor of beta-receptor agonists, and its effects can be reversed by
administration of such agents, eg, dobutamine or isoproterenol. However, such patients
may be subject to protracted severe hypotension. Difficulty in restarting and maintaining
the heart beat has also been reported with beta-blockers. Diabetes and Hypoglycemia:
TOPROL-XL should be used with caution in diabetic patients if a beta-blocking agent is
required. Beta-blockers may mask tachycardia occurring with hypoglycemia, but other
manifestations such as dizziness and sweating may not be significantly affected.
Thyrotoxicosis: Beta-adrenergic blockade may mask certain clinical signs (eg,
tachycardia) of hyperthyroidism. Patients suspected of developing thyrotoxicosis
should be managed carefully to avoid abrupt withdrawal of beta-blockade, which might
precipitate a thyroid storm. Peripheral Vascular Disease: Beta-blockers can precipitate
or aggravate symptoms of arterial insufficiency in patients with peripheral vascular
disease. Caution should be exercised in such individuals. Calcium Channel Blockers:
Because of significant inotropic and chronotropic effects in patients treated with beta-
blockers and calcium channel blockers of the verapamil and diltiazem type, caution
should be exercised in patients treated with these agents concomitantly.
PRECAUTIONS
General: TOPROL-XL should be used with caution in patients with impaired hepatic
function. In patients with pheochromocytoma, an alpha-blocking agent should be initi-
ated prior to the use of any beta-blocking agent. Worsening cardiac failure may occur
during up-titration of TOPROL-XL. If such symptoms occur, diuretics should be
increased and the dose of TOPROL-XL should not be advanced until clinical stability is
restored (see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION). It may be necessary to lower the dose
of TOPROL-XL or temporarily discontinue it. Such episodes do not preclude subsequent
successful titration of TOPROL-XL. Information for Patients: Patients should
be advised to take TOPROL-XL regularly and continuously, as directed, preferably with
or immediately following meals. If a dose should be missed, the patient should take only
the next scheduled dose (without doubling it). Patients should not interrupt or discon-
tinue TOPROL-XL without consulting the physician. Patients should be advised (1) to
avoid operating automobiles and machinery or engaging in other tasks requiring alert-
ness until the patient’s response to therapy with TOPROL-XL has been determined;
(2) to contact the physician if any difficulty in breathing occurs; (3) to inform the physi-
cian or dentist before any type of surgery that he or she is taking TOPROL-XL. Heart
failure patients should be advised to consult their physician if they experience signs or
symptoms of worsening heart failure such as weight gain or increasing shortness of
breath. Laboratory Tests: Clinical laboratory findings may include elevated levels
of serum transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, and lactate dehydrogenase. Drug
Interactions: Catecholamine-depleting drugs (eg, reserpine, mono amine oxidase
(MAO) inhibitors) may have an additive effect when given with beta-blocking agents.
Patients treated with TOPROL-XL plus a catecholamine depletor should therefore be
closely observed for evidence of hypotension or marked bradycardia, which may
produce vertigo, syncope, or postural hypotension. Drugs that inhibit CYP2D6 such as
quinidine, fluoxetine, paroxetine, and propafenone are likely to increase metoprolol
concentration. In healthy subjects with CYP2D6 extensive metabolizer phenotype,
coadministration of quinidine 100 mg and immediate release metoprolol 200 mg tripled
the concentration of S-metoprolol and doubled the metoprolol elimination half-life. In
four patients with cardiovascular disease, coadministration of propafenone 150 mg t.i.d.
with immediate release metoprolol 50 mg t.i.d. resulted in two- to five-fold increases in
the steady-state concentration of metoprolol. These increases in plasma concentration
would decrease the cardioselectivity of metoprolol. Beta-blockers may exacerbate the
rebound hypertension which can follow the withdrawal of clonidine. If the two drugs are
coadministered, the beta blocker should be withdrawn several days before the gradual
withdrawal of clonidine. If replacing clonidine by beta-blocker therapy, the introduction
of beta-blockers should be delayed for several days after clonidine administration has
stopped. Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility:
Long-term studies in animals have been conducted to evaluate the carcinogenic poten-
tial of metoprolol tartrate. In 2-year studies in rats at three oral dosage levels of up to
800 mg/kg/day (41 times, on a mg/m2 basis, the daily dose of 200 mg for a 60-kg
patient), there was no increase in the development of spontaneously occurring benign
or malignant neoplasms of any type. The only histologic changes that appeared to be
drug related were an increased incidence of generally mild focal accumulation of foamy
macrophages in pulmonary alveoli and a slight increase in biliary hyperplasia. In a
21-month study in Swiss albino mice at three oral dosage levels of up to 750 mg/kg/day
(18 times, on a mg/m2 basis, the daily dose of 200 mg for a 60-kg patient), benign lung
tumors (small adenomas) occurred more frequently in female mice receiving the
highest dose than in untreated control animals. There was no increase in malignant or
total (benign plus malignant) lung tumors, nor in the overall incidence of tumors or
malignant tumors. This 21-month study was repeated in CD-1 mice, and no statistically
or biologically significant differences were observed between treated and control mice
of either sex for any type of tumor. All genotoxicity tests performed on metoprolol
tartrate (a dominant lethal study in mice, chromosome studies in somatic cells, a
Salmonella/mammalian-microsome mutagenicity test, and a nucleus anomaly test in
somatic interphase nuclei) and metoprolol succinate (a Salmonella/mammalian-micro-
some mutagenicity test) were negative. No evidence of impaired fertility due to
metoprolol tartrate was observed in a study performed in rats at doses up to 22 times,
on a mg/m2 basis, the daily dose of 200 mg in a 60-kg patient. Pregnancy
Category C: Metoprolol tartrate has been shown to increase post-implantation loss
and decrease neonatal survival in rats at doses up to 22 times, on a mg/m2 basis, the
daily dose of 200 mg in a 60-kg patient. Distribution studies in mice confirm exposure
of the fetus when metoprolol tartrate is administered to the pregnant animal. These
studies have revealed no evidence of impaired fertility or teratogenicity. There are no
adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. Because animal reproduction
studies are not always predictive of human response, this drug should be used during
pregnancy only if clearly needed. Nursing Mothers: Metoprolol is excreted in
breast milk in very small quantities. An infant consuming 1 liter of breast milk daily
would receive a dose of less than 1 mg of the drug. Caution should be exercised when
TOPROL-XL is administered to a nursing woman. Pediatric Use: Safety and effec-
tiveness in pediatric patients have not been established. Geriatric Use: Clinical
studies of TOPROL-XL in hypertension did not include sufficient numbers of subjects
aged 65 and over to determine whether they respond differently from younger subjects.
Other reported clinical experience in hypertensive patients has not identified differences
in responses between elderly and younger patients. Of the 1,990 patients with heart
failure randomized to TOPROL-XL in the MERIT-HF trial, 50% (990) were 65 years of
age and older and 12% (238) were 75 years of age and older. There were no notable
differences in efficacy or the rate of adverse events between older and younger patients.
In general, dose selection for an elderly patient should be cautious, usually starting at
the low end of the dosing range, reflecting greater frequency of decreased hepatic, renal,
or cardiac function, and of concomitant disease or other drug therapy. Risk of
Anaphylactic Reactions: While taking beta-blockers, patients with a history of
severe anaphylactic reactions to a variety of allergens may be more reactive to repeated
challenge, either accidental, diagnostic, or therapeutic. Such patients may be unrespon-
sive to the usual doses of epinephrine used to treat allergic reaction.
ADVERSE REACTIONS
Hypertension and Angina: Most adverse effects have been mild and tran-
sient. The following adverse reactions have been reported for immediate release
metoprolol tartrate. Central Nervous System: Tiredness and dizziness have occurred in
about 10 of 100 patients. Depression has been reported in about 5 of 100 patients.
Mental confusion and short-term memory loss have been reported. Headache, somno-
lence, nightmares, and insomnia have also been reported. Cardiovascular: Shortness of
breath and bradycardia have occurred in approximately 3 of 100 patients. Cold extrem-
ities; arterial insufficiency, usually of the Raynaud type; palpitations; congestive heart
failure; peripheral edema; syncope; chest pain; and hypotension have been reported in
about 1 of 100 patients (see CONTRAINDICATIONS, WARNINGS and PRECAUTIONS).
Respiratory: Wheezing (bronchospasm) and dyspnea have been reported in about 1 of
100 patients (see WARNINGS). Gastrointestinal: Diarrhea has occurred in about 5 of
100 patients. Nausea, dry mouth, gastric pain, constipation, flatulence, digestive tract
disorders, and heartburn have been reported in about 1 of 100 patients. Hypersensitive
Reactions: Pruritus or rash have occurred in about 5 of 100 patients. Worsening of
psoriasis has also been reported. Miscellaneous: Peyronie’s disease has been reported
in fewer than 1 of 100,000 patients. Musculoskeletal pain, blurred vision, decreased
libido and tinnitus have also been reported. There have been rare reports of reversible
alopecia, agranulocytosis, and dry eyes. Discontinuation of the drug should be consid-
ered if any such reaction is not otherwise explicable. The oculomucocutaneous
syndrome associated with the beta-blocker practolol has not been reported with meto-
prolol. Potential Adverse Reactions: In addition, there are a variety of
adverse reactions not listed above, which have been reported with other beta-adrenergic
blocking agents and should be considered potential adverse reactions to TOPROL-XL.
Central Nervous System: Reversible mental depression progressing to catatonia; an
acute reversible syndrome characterized by disorientation for time and place, short-
term memory loss, emotional lability, slightly clouded sensorium, and decreased
performance on neuropsychometrics. Cardiovascular: Intensification of AV block (see
CONTRAINDICATIONS). Hematologic: Agranulocytosis, nonthrombocytopenic purpura,
thrombocytopenic purpura. Hypersensitive Reactions: Fever combined with aching
and sore throat, laryngospasm, and respiratory distress. Heart Failure: In the
MERIT HF study, serious adverse events and adverse events leading to discontinuation
of study medication were systematically collected. In the MERIT-HF study comparing
TOPROL-XL in daily doses up to 200 mg (mean dose 159 mg once-daily) (n=1990) to
placebo (n=2001), 10.3% of TOPROL-XL patients discontinued for adverse events vs.
12.2% of placebo patients. The table below lists adverse events in the MERIT-HF study
that occurred at an incidence of equal to or greater than 1% in the TOPROL-XL group
and greater than placebo by more than 0.5%, regardless of the assessment of causality.
Adverse Events Occurring in the MERIT-HF Study at an Incidence ≥1%
in the TOPROL-XL Group and Greater Than Placebo by More Than 0.5%
TOPROL-XL Placebo
N=1990 N=2001
% of patients % of patients
Dizziness/vertigo 1.8 1.0
Bradycardia 1.5 0.4
Accident and/or injury 1.4 0.8
Other adverse events with an incidence of > 1% on TOPROL-XL and as common on
placebo (within 0.5%) included myocardial infarction, pneumonia, cerebrovascular
disorder, chest pain, dyspnea/dyspnea aggravated, syncope, coronary artery disorder,
ventricular tachycardia/arrhythmia aggravated, hypotension, diabetes mellitus/
diabetes mellitus aggravated, abdominal pain, and fatigue. Post-Marketing
Experience: The following adverse reactions have been reported with TOPROL-XL
in worldwide post-marketing use, regardless of causality: Cardiovascular: 2nd and 3rd
degree heart block; Gastrointestinal: hepatitis, vomiting; Hematologic: thrombocy-
topenia; Musculoskeletal: arthralgia; Nervous System/Psychiatric: anxiety/nervousness,
hallucinations, paresthesia; Reproductive, male: impotence; Skin: increased sweating,
photosensitivity, urticaria; Special Sense Organs: taste disturbances.
OVERDOSAGE
Acute Toxicity: There have been a few reports of overdosage with TOPROL-XL and
no specific overdosage information was obtained with this drug, with the exception of
animal toxicology data. However, since TOPROL-XL (metoprolol succinate salt)
contains the same active moiety, metoprolol, as conventional metoprolol tablets (meto-
prolol tartrate salt), the recommendations on overdosage for metoprolol conventional
tablets are applicable to TOPROL-XL. Signs and Symptoms: Overdosage of
TOPROL-XL may lead to severe hypotension, sinus bradycardia, atrioventricular block,
heart failure, cardiogenic shock, cardiac arrest, bronchospasm, impairment of
consciousness/coma, nausea, vomiting, and cyanosis. Treatment: In general,
patients with acute or recent myocardial infarction or congestive heart failure may be
more hemodynamically unstable than other patients and should be treated accordingly.
When possible the patient should be treated under intensive care conditions. On the
basis of the pharmacologic actions of metoprolol, the following general measures
should be employed: Elimination of the Drug: Gastric lavage should be performed.
Bradycardia: Atropine should be administered. If there is no response to vagal
blockade, isoproterenol should be administered cautiously. Hypotension: A vaso-
pressor should be administered, eg, levarterenol or dopamine. Bronchospasm:
A beta2-stimulating agent and/or a theophylline derivative should be administered.
Cardiac Failure: A digitalis glycoside and diuretics should be administered. In shock
resulting from inadequate cardiac contractility, administration of dobutamine, isopro-
terenol, or glucagon may be considered.
DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION
TOPROL-XL is an extended release tablet intended for once daily administration. For
treatment of hypertension and angina, when switching from immediate release
metoprolol to TOPROL-XL, the same total daily dose of TOPROL-XL should be used.
Dosages of TOPROL-XL should be individualized and titration may be needed in some
patients. TOPROL-XL tablets are scored and can be divided; however, the whole or half
tablet should be swallowed whole and not chewed or crushed. Hypertension: The
usual initial dosage is 25 to 100 mg daily in a single dose, whether used alone or added
to a diuretic. The dosage may be increased at weekly (or longer) intervals until optimum
blood pressure reduction is achieved. In general, the maximum effect of any given
dosage level will be apparent after 1 week of therapy. Dosages above 400 mg per day
have not been studied. Angina Pectoris: The dosage of TOPROL-XL should be
individualized. The usual initial dosage is 100 mg daily, given in a single dose. The
dosage may be gradually increased at weekly intervals until optimum clinical response
has been obtained or there is a pronounced slowing of the heart rate. Dosages above
400 mg per day have not been studied. If treatment is to be discontinued, the dosage
should be reduced gradually over a period of 1–2 weeks (see WARNINGS). Heart
Failure: Dosage must be individualized and closely monitored during up-titration.
Prior to initiation of TOPROL-XL, the dosing of diuretics, ACE inhibitors, and digitalis (if
used) should be stabilized. The recommended starting dose of TOPROL-XL is 25 mg
once daily for two weeks in patients with NYHA class II heart failure and 12.5 mg once
daily in patients with more severe heart failure. The dose should then be doubled every
two weeks to the highest dosage level tolerated by the patient or up to 200 mg of
TOPROL-XL. If transient worsening of heart failure occurs, it may be treated with
increased doses of diuretics, and it may also be necessary to lower the dose of
TOPROL-XL or temporarily discontinue it. The dose of TOPROL-XL should not be
increased until symptoms of worsening heart failure have been stabilized. Initial
difficulty with titration should not preclude later attempts to introduce TOPROL-XL. If
heart failure patients experience symptomatic bradycardia, the dose of TOPROL-XL
should be reduced.
HOW SUPPLIED
Tablets containing metoprolol succinate equivalent to the indicated weight of metoprolol
tartrate, USP, are white, biconvex, film-coated, and scored.
Bottle of Unit Dose
100 Packages of
Tablet Shape Engraving NDC 100
0186- NDC 0186-
25 mg* Oval A 1088-05 1088-39
ß
50 mg Round A 1090-05 1090-39
mo
100 mg Round A 1092-05 1092-39
ms
A
200 mg Oval 1094-05 N/A
my
*The 25-mg tablet is scored on both sides.
Store at 25°C (77°F). Excursions permitted to 15-30°C (59-86°F). (See USP Controlled
Room Temperature.)
NOTE: This summary provides important information about TOPROL-XL. For more
information, please ask your doctor or health care professional about the full
Prescribing Information and discuss it with them.
TOPROL-XL is a registered trademark of the AstraZeneca group of companies
© AstraZeneca 2002, 2004, 2005
Manufactured for: AstraZeneca LP
Wilmington, DE 19850
By: AstraZeneca AB
S-151 85 Södertälje, Sweden
Made in Sweden
30015-01
Rev 02/05 234770
 Nation & World

more quickly and usually installed their as more and more bodies of men who had has publicly denied tolerating militias or
own local police chiefs. “New police been killed execution-style began turn- death squads inside the ministry, which
chiefs, especially in the south, would fire ing up on Iraqi streets. U.S. officials could declined to comment for this story.
the police forces and put militias in their rarely determine when the ministry was The U.S. military, meanwhile, had
place,” says Casteel. involved—and when it wasn’t. Naqib is grown so concerned about the faltering
The current interior minister, Bayan very critical of Jabr’s management, say- police and hollow bureaucracy that it
Jabr, finally took office in late April ing the ministry is looking more like took over the ministry advising role in
2005. He is a senior leader in the influ- groups of militias. “Either they’re for the October. Today, U.S. officials are deeply
ential Shiite religious party Supreme people or against the people,” he says. divided over Jabr’s performance. Some,
Council for Islamic Revolution in Iraq, “What’s happening now, it’s against the who were critical early, now praise him.
which had bargained hard to run the people, like we had in Saddam’s time.” “We believed a lot of the intelligence that
ministry. The commandos were viewed Indeed, the gist of the rumors seemed said he was the reason for the sectarian
as a prize, because they were a national to be confirmed in November when U.S. divide in the ministry,” says Maj. Gen.
force that could operate inde- KHALID MOHAMMED—AP Joseph Peterson, the ministry’s
pendently—unlike Army units, current senior adviser. “I’ve test-
which had to work closely with ed him, and he has always been
U.S. forces. sciri officials came national, not sectarian, in his de-
into office convinced that Naqib, cisions.” He notes that Jabr has
in recruiting for his commando fired special police commanders
unit, had allowed former Baath and disbanded a rogue, predom-
Party officials and some insur- inantly Shiite, internal affairs
gent elements to return. unit. But others blame him for
“Civil war.” U.S. officials, mean- the ministry’s lack of account-
while, worried that Jabr would ab- ability. “He’s either incompetent
sorb into the police elements of the and not able to exercise control,
Badr Corps, the military wing of or he is compliant,” says a senior
sciri. “With the militias, we tried U.S. official.
to take them as individuals, not as Peterson says that after two
a unit,” says Casteel. “That changed years of focus on the quantity of
with this government.” Naqib now police, he is trying to “put a lit-
accuses his successor, Jabr, of tle more quality into the force.”
purging some of his best units be- Specifically, he plans to embed
cause they had many Sunnis. some 200 teams of U.S. military
“They brought in new people,” he and civilian police mentors into
says, who were mostly Shiites. U.S. local police stations and fully
military officials acknowledge that staff posts in the 10 most con-
some local police forces remain in- tested cities by June.
filtrated by militias but say that Casteel, who now works for
Jabr does not tolerate the practice. Vance, a security consulting firm,
A Baghdad police captain in an in- recently returned for a visit and
vestigations office, however, says met with a few former ministry
that Sunnis in the force have been officials in Jordan who say there
discriminated against and that are some 400 Sunnis ousted from
Badr Corps fighters have been the ministry in Jordan alone.
brought into the ministry with “The more you politicize the min-
broad authority. “I see units go out istry, the more likely a civil war
on patrol in the night without any IN CHARGE. Interior Minister Jabr, at insurgents’ burned house will happen because you end up
orders from anyone or even a court with units that are not loyal to the
order signed by a judge,” the captain, a forces raided the Interior Ministry central government,” says Casteel.
Sunni, says. “We have our own civil war in bunker where the commandos had been These days in Baghdad, dozens of new
the Ministry of Interior.” originally conceived. The search uncov- corpses continue to turn up on the
Casteel left Iraq soon after the tran- ered a secret detention area that held streets each week, many of them blind-
sition. Gradually, the civilian advising nearly 170 prisoners, some of whom had folded with their hands bound. The
team, which had kept offices inside the been starved or beaten. U.S. officials Mahdi Army, the militia headed by fire-
Interior Ministry, was ordered by the were furious. A U.S. aide walked into brand Shiite cleric Moqtada al-Sadr, and
State Department to withdraw to the Jabr’s office the following morning car- the Badr Corps continue to operate
embassy. Jabr also wanted a more rying a box with several whips sticking freely. And the talks to form a new gov-
hands-off approach. “We were really out—a collection of alleged torture im- ernment, which would name the next in-
kind of blocked out of a lot of things,” plements found at the bunker. An Iraqi terior minister, have stretched out for
says Sherman, who left in December. investigation is still pending. more than three months. In the tumul-
Quickly, it became difficult for U.S. Jabr would later insist the reports of tuous nation, police remain on the front
officials to track developments. They tortured prisoners were exaggerated, lines—some 2,700 have been killed in
would receive reports of Shiite units car- calling them a ploy to sway voters in the the past 18 months. l
rying out unilateral operations in Sunni December election for the first govern-
areas. Rumors of “death squads” spread ment under Iraq’s new Constitution. He With additional reporting from Iraq

U.S.NEWS & WORLD REPORT • WWW.USNEWS.COM • APRIL 10, 2006 31

 On Politics
By Gloria Borger

Mr. Outside’s Inside Moves

The bus, however, doesn’t always take a direct route. Con-

U
nder normal circumstances, when
the press characterizes a party that is (a) in dis- sider the immigration debate: McCain’s alliance with
array, (b) seeking an identity, or (c) without a Kennedy on a bill that would allow legalizing immigrants is
message, it’s usually the Democrats. After all, viewed warily by conservatives he’d like to attract. Some
they have no unifying agenda, and, even if they of them don’t even like the president’s plan, which provides
did, they wouldn’t rally around it. They’re Democrats. This for a temporary guest worker program under which immi-
time, however, it’s the Republicans who can’t get their act grants would eventually have to return home. On this issue,
together. With a president at 34 percent in the polls, an up- McCain—the Arizonan—is willing to take on his party’s base.
coming election with control of the Congress in play, and “I’ve got to do what’s right,” he told me. “Illegal immigration
2008 just a blink away (really), the gop is moving into its is destroying my state, and we have huge problems associ-
post-Bush phase—and it’s not pretty. ated with it. I owe it to my constituents to act on this issue
Unless you’re Sen. John McCain. Suddenly, the issues are even if it may cause me damage politically.”
your issues: immigration reform, changing the ways of a cor- “Sore losers.” But it may not. In fact, if Republicans fol-
rupt Congress, national security, even the national debate low McCain’s lead on this issue, they might actually have
on torture. It’s an opportunity to befriend George W. Bush a shot at winning in 2008. At a closed-door meeting of Sen-
(on Iraq) and differ with George W. Bush (forcing him to ac- ate Republicans last week, Florida’s Mel Martinez warned
cept a ban on torture). It’s a way to appeal to the gop’s con- his colleagues that Hispanic voters were angry and said his
servative base ( by supporting a part of South Dakota’s new party could take the fall. Which would be a pity, given that
antiabortion law) while appealing to moderate Democrats in 2004, President Bush more than doubled the party’s
(cosponsoring, with Ted Kennedy, an immigration bill that 1996 Hispanic vote, to 44 percent. As one senior Senate Re-
provides a path to citizenship). While other presidential publican told me, “The party that figures out immigration
wannabes are flailing around to discover their beliefs, Mc- will win the presidential election.” McCain understands the
Cain is working his way toward the gop nomination. issue in a way few others do: Twenty-eight percent of Ari-
And while he’s still not a card-carrying member of the Sen- zona’s population is Hispanic.
ate club, he’s quietly playing an inside game, beefing up sup- Then there’s McCain on congressional corruption. Jack
port with gop pooh-bahs. “He’s being very smart about this,” Abramoff’s congressional bribery scandal—and his shady
says a senior White House adviser. “McCain learned his dealings with Indian tribes, which McCain has investi-
lessons well.” Well enough to see that the gop doesn’t like sur- gated—have been a gift. McCain may lose his fight for real
prises and does like establishment candidates. In 2000, lobbying reform, but that’s ok: He’ll continue it on the
McCain was a loner, railing campaign trail. Talk about
mostly about campaign fi- ending congressional pork
nance reform. But he won’t be
McCain’s party likes to go with always works with fiscal con-
lonely this time. I’ve learned establishment guys, so he’s quietly servatives. As for the war on
that a handful of gop senators terrorism, McCain’s creden-
are likely to serve as a McCain
positioning himself as one. tials as an ex-Vietnam pow
kitchen cabinet. They’re inde- CHARLIE ARCHAMBAULT FOR USN&WR
and as a strong Bush ally on
pendent-minded Republicans Iraq will play nicely in the
who sometimes balk at the gop primaries.
party line—moderates like And what about the party’s
Susan Collins of Maine (the evangelical right flank? In
leader of the Senate’s Katrina May, McCain will speak at
investigation), John Sununu Liberty University, the school
of New Hampshire (who run by the Rev. Jerry Falwell,
fought to amend portions of whom McCain denounced as
the Patriot Act), and Missis- one of America’s “agents of
sippi’s Trent Lott (the former intolerance” in 2000. McCain
Senate leader who publicly says that “I put that behind
called for White House staff me a long time ago.” Besides,
changes). This time around, he adds, “Americans don’t
McCain’s “Straight Talk Ex- like sore losers.”
press” is going to need a few Losing isn’t what McCain
more seats. Speaking to reporters in a Senate hallway has in mind. l

32 U.S.NEWS & WORLD REPORT • WWW.USNEWS.COM • APRIL 10, 2006

Senior year of high school.
A time of nostalgia, excitement,
possibility, and temptation.
Your teen may be graduating soon, but that doesn’t mean it’s time to let go.

From spring break to prom, senior trips to graduation day, there are plenty of opportunities where teens may consider
taking risks, especially drinking and drug use. In fact, although drug use has declined over the past four years, surveys
show nearly one in three high school seniors were drunk in the last month, and more than one in five used an illicit drug.1

Your teen needs you now just as much as ever. There are many ways to help keep your teen safe and healthy.
• REINFORCE YOUR EXPECTATIONS. Throughout their high school years, you’ve set rules and established the consequences
for breaking them. Perhaps you’ve loosened up on a few rules, like curfew. But be clear—drinking or drug use remain
unacceptable. Being an upperclassman has privileges, but it also has responsibilities.

• ENCOURAGE YOUR TEENS TO MAKE EACH MOMENT COUNT. Your teens only get one senior year. Let them know you don’t
want them to miss out on things because of bad choices, like drinking or drug use. One bad choice could change their
lives forever.

• PROVIDE SAFE ALTERNATIVES. Parties abound during senior year. Plan chaperoned alcohol-free parties around prom
and graduation. For teens staying home during spring break, volunteering and other community activities offer a
safe and productive use of their free time.

• SET A GOOD EXAMPLE. Don’t let anyone convince you that it’s a good idea for teens to drink or use marijuana under
your supervision. It sends the wrong message and may lead your teen to make other bad choices.

Sincerely, Visit TheAntiDrug.com or call

• American College of Emergency Physicians 1.800.788.2800 for more ways to
• American Council on Education
• American Medical Association help your teen make the most of this
• American School Counselor Association important time.
• National Association of Secondary School Principals
• Partnership For a Drug-Free America
• SADD
1Monitoring the Future Survey, 2005. 23.1 percent of high school seniors report using an
illicit drug in the past 30 days; 30.2 percent report having been drunk in the past 30 days.

Office of National Drug Control Policy

 Special Report
TURNING UP THE HEAT
A surprising consensus is
transforming the complex
politics of global warming
By Bret Schulte
I
t’s a group you’d be hard pressed to
find sharing the same table, much
less a point of view. Evangelicals and
the Union of Concerned Scientists.
Greenpeace and DuPont. Even some Re-
publicans and Democrats are growing
flirtatious. It’s still no lovefest, but a
number of strange bedfellows are cozy-
ing up on a subject that was once all but
taboo in Washington: global warming.
America belches up more greenhouse
gases than any other country: 5.8 billion
metric tons of carbon dioxide in 2003
alone, thanks mostly to autos burning
gasoline and power plants consuming
coal. But the Bush administration and
the U.S. Senate have refused to join al-
most 160 nations in signing the Kyoto
Protocol, the landmark treaty that went
34 U.S.NEWS & WORLD REPORT • WWW.USNEWS.COM • APRIL 10, 2006
into effect last year and hopes to curb the
growth of greenhouse gas emissions. In
the States, global warming skeptics and
pro-business politicians argue that
mandatory restrictions would drag down
the economy and provide a boon for un-
regulated rivals like China and India.
But for reasons that range from eco-
nomics to ethics, a confluence of Christ-
ian leaders, corporations, and investors
are turning up the heat for legislative ac-
tion. “If you said [a few years ago] that the
development of climate-change policy
would be where it is today, somebody
would say you’re smoking something,”
says Ray Kopp, a senior fellow at Re-
sources for the Future. Driving the dis-
cussion is an emerging consensus on glob-
al warming, fed by a stream of recent
scientific reports. If that consensus view
is correct, the results could be devastat-
ing: rising oceans, ferocious hurricanes,
and prolonged droughts. A poll released
last month by the Opinion Research Corp.
showed public concern increasing
markedly in the past two years. The pub-
lic mood has some politicians listening,
most notably Sen. Pete Domenici, the
powerful chair of the Senate Committee
on Energy and Natural Resources. After
seeing a number of climate-change-re-
lated bills shot down or stalled in recent
years, the New Mexico Republican is try-
ing to broaden the debate; this week he’ll
host a high-level forum of scientists, busi-
nesses, and public-interest groups that
will argue the fine points of how to curb
emissions without breaking the economy.
The complexity of the issue and resistance
of many in Congress make passage of a
bill unlikely this year. And Democrats
have no plans to make hay of climate
BRYAN & CHERRY ALEXANDER—WWW.ARCTICPHOTO.COM

change in this year’s midterm elections.
Nevertheless, experts say a tipping point
has been reached—in both the real-life ef-
fects of global warming and the determi-
nation to do something about it. For the
first time, federal legislation curbing
greenhouse gas emissions is starting to
feel like a case of when, not if.
The science. The National Academy of
Sciences, the Intergovernmental Panel on
Climate Change, and even, grudgingly, the
Bush administration now believe Earth is
warming. The roots of this emerging con-
sensus go back to 1998, when climatolo-
gist Michael Mann used tree ring, ice core,
and coral reef data to show relatively sta-
ble temperatures over the past millenni-
ums, with a sharp spike in the 20th cen-
tury. Called the “hockey stick” graph
because of its shape, Mann’s research con-
cluded that human-generated greenhouse
CHART BY USN&WR
gases—such as carbon dioxide and swarms have caused some birds to desert
methane—were the primary culprits. their eggs. Meanwhile, a team of re-
While the shape of the hockey stick has searchers at the Georgia Institute of Tech-
changed somewhat, numerous studies nology says warmer waters have nearly
have largely vindicated Mann. “All the doubled the number of Category 4 and 5
new data are in the same direction, show- hurricanes in the past 35 years, though
ing that warming is continuing,” says some scientists blame the natural storm
Ralph Cicerone, an atmospheric scientist cycle rather than warmer water.
and president of the National Academy of Not everyone is convinced that man is
Sciences. Average surface temperatures to blame or that warming will have cat-
have climbed about 1.4 degrees Fahren- astrophic effects. One of the most vocal
heit since the early 20th century, coin- skeptics, Pat Michaels, a meteorologist
ciding with spiking atmospheric levels of and a fellow at the libertarian-minded
carbon dioxide, which have ballooned 35 Cato Institute, has argued that climate
percent over the same period. Levels of models dramatically overstate the effects
methane, a far more potent heat-trapping of man-made greenhouse gases in the at-
gas, have jumped 152 percent since the mosphere. He has dismissed global
preindustrial age. Last year was the warming as “a beast that feeds on public
hottest on record, and model projections fears.” But a greater number of scientists
show temperatures jumping anywhere say global warming is not only real; it’s
from 2.7 to 10.7 degrees Fahrenheit over already here. “I used to tell people this
the next 100 years. will affect your kids,” says oceanogra-
pher Tim Barnett, “but
the problem is now.”
HIGH-STICKING Shifting sands. The fact
Michael Mann’s “hockey stick” graph shows a that many scientists be-
temperature spike that scientists believe has resulted lieve global warming
from a buildup of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. may be rapidly ap-
0.4 ˚C proaching the point of no
TEMPERATURE CHANGES return has motivated a
0.2 cast of unlikely players.
Margin
0 of error In February, 86 evangel-
ical leaders signed on to
-0.2 a major initiative that ac-
cepted the reality of
-0.4
human-related global
-0.6 warming and called for
Actual recorded temperatures federal legislation to
-0.8 Northern Hemisphere estimated average temperatures reduce carbon dioxide
emissions. The move-
A.D. 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 ment has fallen short of
Source: Michael Mann, Pennsylvania State University a full endorsement by
the National Association
of Evangelicals, but the
Last month, scientists from the Uni- group’s chief lobbyist in Washington, the
versity of Colorado–Boulder were startled Rev. Richard Cizik, is one of the initia-
to discover that Antarctica is losing up tive’s biggest boosters. A former skeptic,
to 36 cubic miles of ice annually. Glaciers he was swayed after attending a three-
on Greenland are melting so rapidly that day climate-change conference in 2002.
scientists are predicting sea levels will rise “I had a conversion [that was] charac-
3 feet by 2100, enough to soak cities along teristic of my conversion to Christ,” he
the eastern seaboard. The loss of solar-re- says. Cizik cites the biblical call to be good
flective ice means that bare ground is stewards of the Earth, but the crusade is
soaking up more heat—and melting more largely driven by the potential human toll
ice. In Canada’s Hudson Bay, Ian Sterling, from global-warming-induced disasters.
a research scientist with the Canadian The group has begun running ads on
Wildlife Service, is seeing ice melt three cnn and the Fox News Channel. It’s even
weeks earlier than when he first arrived turning up the pressure on one of the re-
on the job 25 years ago. Polar bears, which ligious right’s staunchest supporters, Sen.
cross the ice to hunt in deeper waters, are Sam Brownback, by airing television ads
forced ashore early—losing weight and in Kansas urging him to take a tougher
having fewer cubs. The early arrival of stand on the issue.
spring is also triggering swarms of mos- Meanwhile, a growing number of in-
quitoes along the Hudson Bay, inter- vestors are pushing for change from the
rupting the nesting cycle of birds. The business community—for reasons of con-
U.S.NEWS & WORLD REPORT • WWW.USNEWS.COM • APRIL 10, 2006 35
 Special Report

science and good old capitalism. A net- Inhofe (left) has

work of climate-focused institutional in- called the idea of
vestors called Ceres, which includes major catastrophic global
pension funds, is using its nearly $3 tril- warming a “hoax,” but
lion in assets not only to sway business- Domenici (right) wants
es to cut emissions but to persuade com- to move forward.
panies to plan for a future in which the
effects of climate change and/or federal
restrictions on greenhouse gas emissions
could hurt profit margins. That’s why
Ceres has embraced firms like Cinergy, a
coal-fired utility company in Ohio (which
is being sold to Duke Energy of Charlotte,
N.C.). Cinergy—with some prodding from
Ceres investors—has taken the lead in lob-
bying for mandatory curbs in emissions
and supports Domenici’s efforts to craft
legislation. “It’s really a risk-management
issue for us,” says Kevin Leahy, Cinergy’s Experts say a tipping point has been
general manager of environmental eco-
nomics. “We feel [carbon emissions] will reached—in both the real–life effects of
be regulated at some point. We want to be
involved in crafting a policy that is work-
global warming and the determination
able.” Companies are also feeling the pain to do something about it.
of operating in a patchwork quilt of state
emissions standards that have sprung up
in the absence of federal legislation (box, nationals are facing emissions restrictions cate the public on the global warming
below). For companies in the forefront of in Europe, where the Kyoto Protocol is al- threat. But getting any sort of reaction out
reducing greenhouse gas emissions, like ready in effect. of Congress may take a while. A conserva-
DuPont, which has already saved billions The politics. The changing dynamic of tive House of Representatives has been
by making its plants more energy efficient, the issue has cracked open an unexpected loath to deal with the issue, and President
mandatory restrictions would give them fissure in the Republican Party. Some Bush’s Clear Skies Act has been dead-
a competitive edge. Others are seeing new prominent gop players, like Tucker locked in the Senate Environment and
markets and pr opportunities. British Eskew, a former deputy communications Public Works Committee since 2002.
Petroleum is trumpeting its cuts in emis- director for President Bush, is supervising Moderate Republican Sen. Lincoln Chafee
sions while promoting its slate of alter- a joint campaign with the Ad Council and of Rhode Island is siding with Democrats
native energy solutions. And many multi- the group Environmental Defense to edu- who are pushing to add carbon dioxide to

States Take the Lead

year in a marsh near Atlantic sources by 2013. New York,
City’s casinos. Says Jeanne prodded by Gov. George
Fox, head of New Jersey’s Pataki, also leads the Re-

C
all it the Greenhouse in
the Statehouse effect.
While climate change
may sow no fear in the
White House, plenty of wor-
ried governors, legislators,
and other local officials are
rejecting Washington’s cue.
The result is an increas-
ingly energy-schizoid land.
From the state level, the
United States is actually
something of a global leader,
passing laws sharp enough
to take a bite out of climate
change. “Sometimes the gov-
ernment leads the people,
and sometimes the people
lead the government. In this
case, the states are way
ahead of Washington,” says
Mickey Glantz of the Nation-
al Center for Atmospheric
Research in Boulder, Colo.
Propelled by subsidies, tax
breaks, and mandates to
wean industry from fossil
fuel, broad swaths of the
country bristle with aggres-
sive programs to put the
brakes on global warming.
More than half the states
have climate action plans,
and 22 have specific targets
their utilities must reach in
the share of their power
from renewable sources, ac-
cording to the Pew Center on
Global Climate Change.
Evidence is hard to miss,
such as the five huge wind
turbines that sprouted last
Board of Public Utilities, “I’m
in this job because this is the
No. 1 priority for the world.
Our species could literally be
destroying the Earth.” Her
state typifies the trend. Gov-
ernors of both parties have
backed ever tougher conser-
vation and energy standards.
In four years, six solar cell in-
stallations have grown to
more than 1,000, with hun-
dreds more applications
each month.
Wind power. Near the Tug
Hill ski area in upstate New
York, 120 wind turbines
should yield power for near-
ly 60,000 homes, helping
the state generate a fourth of
its electricity from green
gional Greenhouse Gas Ini-
tiative, or rggi. Its seven
Northeast states agreed in
December to use a trading
market in “carbon allow-
ances” to cap power plant
emissions. It would work
somewhat like the federal
cap-and-trade sulfur emis-
sions system, which has re-
duced acid rain.
The eco-energy push is
hardly limited to “blue”
states. Jon Nelson, a North
Dakota grain farmer and Re-
publican legislator, bubbles
with excitement describing
the howling winds on the
northern Plains that will be
harnessed for energy, and a
program to burn the state’s

36 U.S.NEWS & WORLD REPORT • WWW.USNEWS.COM • APRIL 10, 2006 CHARLIE ARCHAMBAULT FOR USN&WR (2)

the bill’s list of restricted emissions, but
the committee chairman is Sen. James In-
hofe of Oklahoma, a steadfast skeptic who
has called the idea of catastrophic global
warming a “hoax.” Inhofe isn’t budging,
and neither—so far—is Bush, who favors
voluntary reductions. Sen. John McCain
and Sen. Joe Lieberman have twice tried
to pass legislation that would establish
tough mandatory federal caps on green-
house gases. After the first one failed in
2003 by a 12-vote margin, they actually
lost Democratic support when they rein-
troduced it last year with the addition of a
provision supporting nuclear power.
Amid the bickering over what a climate-
change bill might look like, 53 senators
passed a nonbinding sense of the Senate
resolution last summer, stating that, at the
very least, climate change is real and
mandatory restrictions on greenhouse
gases are needed. The resolution has bol-
stered hope that action is on the horizon,
but there’ll be no legislation until Congress
agrees on a climate-change bill that limits
harm to the economy. Sparking a turf bat-
tle with Inhofe, Domenici has taken up the
question in his own committee. “Frankly,
I don’t know how to write [the bill],” he
told reporters in March. “And I don’t think
anybody does.” He’ll be looking for an-
swers in this week’s conference; 160 or-
ganizations, individuals, and businesses
have submitted proposals that range from
straight caps on emissions to a program in
which large polluters could buy credits
from low polluters.
The future. Despite the ongoing ferment,
not even Domenici believes legislation is
likely this year. And that’s alarming to the
growing portion of the scientific commu-
nity that believes the clock is ticking. nasa
scientist James Hansen, who made head-
lines after saying the White House was
censoring his comments, argues that if
greenhouse gases aren’t reduced within 10
years, the warming process may be irre-
versible. Plenty of scientists, including
Mann, also believe that even if emissions
were immediately halted, existing green-
house gases would continue to warm the
Earth for decades.
The forecast may be grim, but support-
ers of legislation to curb greenhouse gases
see a potential silver lining. “We know how
to pass bills, and we’ve shown we can do
it,” says Cizik of the National Association
of Evangelicals. “The end result here is that
Washington will change.” l

These Atlantic City turbines show how states are acting on their own.
huge reserves of coal while
pumping resulting co2 deep
into the ground. He expects
to be putting local, biodiesel
fuel in his John Deere trac-
DONNA CONNOR—AP
tor soon. Dealing with global
warming is an urgent issue,
he says, “and it is good for
economic development, too.”
Here was California’s Re-
publican Gov. Arnold
Schwarzenegger, who said
last year: “I say the debate is
over. We know the science.
We see the threat. And we
know the time for action is
now.” His goal is an 80 per-
cent reduction in green-
house emissions by 2050. In
the shorter run, a state law—
under court challenge by au-
tomakers—demands a 30
percent vehicle emission re-
duction by 2015. At least 10
other states plan to adopt
California’s standards if they
win in court.
California may be proof
that one can cut emissions,
increase efficiency, and not
disrupt the economy. Since
the energy crisis of the 1970s,
the state has subsidized wind
and other alternatives to fos-
sil energy while requiring use
of more efficient appliances,
building designs, and indus-
trial processes. True, the
state’s electricity prices are
now among the nation’s high-
est, but low usage keeps cus-
tomer bills among the lowest.
Californians use 40 percent
less electric power than the
U.S. average, and the state’s
economy has thrived.
Companies that fight such
rules by lobbying Congress
miss the boat, says energy
consultant Kenneth Col-
burn. He contrasts the dis-
mal bond ratings of U.S. au-
tomakers that stuck with
suvs while Toyota and
Honda sold hybrids. “Win-
ners go to market,” he says.
“Losers go to Washington.”
–Charles W. Petit

U.S.NEWS & WORLD REPORT • WWW.USNEWS.COM • APRIL 10, 2006 37

 Money & Business
HEDGING
THEIR DEBTS
Hedge funds find there’s money to be made
in lending to distressed firms and start-ups
By Kit R. Roane
S
an Francisco start-up Pay By
Touch didn’t take venture-
capital money when it sought
$130 million in new financing
for its biometric fingerprint-
reading system. The battered
baker Krispy Kreme Doughnuts shunned
banks when it wanted to refinance its
debt. And the management buyout of
British clothier Peacock Group didn’t tap
private equity shops to do the deal.
Instead, all three turned to another
group of investors who were both flush
with cash and quick on the draw: the na-
tion’s hedge funds and their more than
$1 trillion in assets. Many of these 8,000
or so funds have been eating their way
up the lending food chain and are be-
coming increasingly powerful forces in
U.S. debt markets.
Hedge funds are providing loans for
everything from small outfits, like pay-
day lenders and start-up technology
firms, to large automotive companies,
airlines, and retailers. They are snapping
up securitized loan bundles tailored to
sate their appetite for risk, scooping up
higher-risk loans on the open market,
and swooping in to provide companies
with bailout funds.
“These guys have a ton of cash on their
hands, and they are trying desperately to
put it to work,” explains Rob Polenberg,
an associate director with Standard &
Poor’s. He adds that hedge fund partic-
ipation in the debt markets “has just be-
come huge.”
Corporate default rates are near his-
toric lows, and that means “pretty slim
38 U.S.NEWS & WORLD REPORT • WWW.USNEWS.COM • APRIL 10, 2006
pickings” in the debt areas traditional-
ly traveled by hedge funds, says Prof. Ed-
ward Altman, a debt expert with New
York University’s Stern School of Busi-
ness. But at the same time, many com-
panies want to retire higher-yielding
bonds, make acquisitions, or shore up
operating funds without giving up more
equity to do it. With banks shedding
some of their corporate loans and be-
coming tighter in their lending, yield-
hungry hedge funds have rushed in to ex-
ploit other areas of the debt market.
Big yields. Some hedge fund companies,
like Ritchie Capital Management, have
formed new divisions that focus only on
direct lending. Bill DeMars, who heads
the Ritchie Technology & Life Sciences
Finance Division, says that hedge funds
are attracted to such loans because they
help diversify their investments, have had
low default rates, and offer “double digit”
yields. He says it’s a good deal for the
companies, too. Many of the firms don’t
generate a lot of cash flow, so tradition- shorter terms than bonds, has ballooned
al bankers “avoid getting involved.” in recent years. They now account for
Hedge funds are also continuing to $16 billion in trades, up from only $600
take ground in the public debt markets. million in 2002. The size of individual
Standard & Poor’s data show that hedge loans has also risen dramatically. Among
funds accounted for 12 percent of all the beneficiaries: embattled Krispy
loans allocated to institutional investors Kreme, which took a $225 million loan
last year, compared with less than 1 per- backed by Credit Suisse First Boston and
cent in 2001. Some experts estimate that the hedge fund Silver Point Financial.
they now account for 70 to 80 percent of The company said the cash would be
the entire volume in one popular prod- used to pay down $90 million in other
uct, a loan called the second lien, which debt and provide a cash cushion.
is squeezed out of the equity left between Hedge funds have helped bring liquid-
first-lien creditors and bondholders. ity to these debt markets while driving
The use of second-lien loans, which down lending costs for some companies
are seen as transitional loans and usu- and giving others in a rough patch a
ally carry variable interest rates and chance to breathe. But it’s not always
TOP: DAVID BUTOW—CORBIS SABA FOR USN&WR
 WHERE THE MONEY GOES. Hedge fund money winds up in a variety of places.
Calpine (top left) sought financing to prop up the company but ended in
bankruptcy. Krispy Kreme got hedge fund help in refinancing its debts. Salton Inc.,
maker of the George Foreman grills, got tangled in a nasty dispute with one fund.
Point Management Co.
Traditional lenders usu-
ally don’t write and then
publish angry screeds about
ceos. But Daniel Loeb,
Third Point’s chief execu-
tive, did just that, repeated-
ly, when dealing with
Salton’s ceo, Leonhard
Dreimann. In one, sent in
April 2005 (and copied to
the Securities and Exchange
Commission, on whose web-
site it is posted), Loeb wrote
that while he was aware of
Dreimann’s “reputation for
extravagance, poor judg-
ment, and . . . overall limi-
tations as a manager . . . it
was only over time that we
came to recognize the mag-
nitude of your incompe-
tence.” Loeb then added that
he looked forward to “per-
sonally dedicating my con-
siderable energy to serving
on the creditors’ committee
and seeking your ouster at
that time.”
Calpine’s case. Dreimann is
lucky compared with some;
he’s still at the helm. Execu-
tives at Calpine turned to
hedge funds to prop the
company up as its vast elec-
tricity-generation plans went
awry. When the company
began using some of the
money in a way that the
hedge funds believed skirted
covenants written in its loan
agreements, they sued.
Later, two of Calpine’s top
executives were ousted, and
Calpine was forced into
bankruptcy. “Taking aggres-
clear that these companies should have sive litigation positions, being aggressive
been kept afloat, says David Feldman, a with the company, and having the com-
partner at the law firm Kramer Levin pany move in the direction the hedge
Naftalis & Frankel, which has many fund wants happens fairly routinely,”
hedge funds as clients. While default notes Feldman.
rates have remained low, he says that Regulators see another problem: in-
easy access to debt, particularly second sider trading. Hedge funds, by definition,
liens, “has really been a band-aid” for often play both sides of the fence. In these
many companies, forestalling an even- debt plays, that sometimes means they
tual and inevitable fall into bankruptcy. are buying a company’s debt at the same
Even for those companies that stay time they are making a financial bet
afloat, owing money to a hedge fund can against the company’s stock. Over the
be trying. Salton Inc. is most famous for past few months, several hedge funds
its George Foreman line of grills. But in have been accused of profiting from con-
the financial world, it is also famous for fidential borrower information or infor-
its contentious relationship with one of mation gained during private placements.
its debt holders, the hedge fund Third Regulators in France, Britain, and the
BOTTOM, FROM LEFT: JEFFREY MACMILLAN FOR USN≀ MARTIN OESER—AFP / GETTY IMAGES U.S.NEWS & WORLD REPORT • WWW.USNEWS.COM • APRIL 10, 2006
United States are pursuing investigations.
One U.S.-based hedge fund has al-
ready settled regulatory charges. Last
year, the Securities and Exchange Com-
mission censured Van Greenfield of the
hedge fund Blue River Capital for failing
to protect insider information he gained
while serving on several bankruptcy
committees—including WorldCom’s, in
the largest bankruptcy case in American
history. The sec also alleged that Green-
field had backdated two trades to gain
access to the WorldCom creditors’ com-
mittee and then canceled those trades
once he was assured a seat. Greenfield
and Blue River Capital, without admit-
ting guilt, paid a $150,000 fine to the
sec to settle the charges.
Despite such issues, nobody is betting
hedge funds will move out of the debt
market anytime soon. Their interests
and those of the companies they fund are
too closely aligned. Debt watchers say
the real fireworks will erupt in a year or
two as more companies that took such
loans file for bankruptcy and hedge
funds wrestle with other creditors for
control of the highly leveraged assets. Of
particular interest is how second-lien
loans will be treated, bankruptcy lawyers
say, noting that the covenants in these
loans have been virtually untested in
bankruptcy cases. “People will have to be
more nimble going forward,” says Steven
Gross, chair of the Bankruptcy and Re-
structuring Practice Group at Debevoise
& Plimpton.
Just how rough could it get? Take a
look at the case of FiberMark, a Ver-
mont-based specialty paper manufac-
turer. Last August, an independent,
court-appointed examiner chastised
three prominent firms that trade in dis-
tressed debt, including Silver Point Fi-
nancial, for turning FiberMark’s “sim-
ple, uncomplicated reorganization case”
into a full-scale intercreditor war. Even
the scheduling of meetings was fraught
with “tension and recriminations,” and
good-faith efforts “broke down because
of rigidity and intense self-interest fu-
eled by individual rancor and distrust,”
the examiner found. Silver Point, which
held most of the second-lien debt, won
the war. But the protracted fight cost
FiberMark about $60 million over the
course of seven months.
FiberMark’s management apparently
didn’t hold a grudge. Despite offers from
others, the company snatched an addi-
tional $155 million in exit financing from
Silver Point to ease its transition from
bankruptcy back onto the market. l
39

THE WEEK AHEAD
JOB JUGGERNAUT
How many new jobs can the econ-
omy produce before inflation be-
comes a real problem? That’s the
big question. In February, the
economy grew fast enough to pro-
duce a better-than-expected
243,000 new nonfarm payroll
jobs. That was among the largest
monthly tallies since Hurricane
Katrina. Economists worry that
big job gains send prices higher.
But over the past 12 months, av-
erage hourly wages have grown at
a slightly slower pace than infla-
tion. This week, the Labor Depart-
ment will release its March jobs
report. Economists are forecasting
that around 200,000 new jobs
were created last month. If true—
and wage growth remains under
control—the markets should take
the news in stride. But if well over
200,000 jobs were created, the
inflation hawks will be out en
masse.
HOW GOES HOUSING?
Existing-home sales jumped 5.2
percent in February. But new-
home sales tumbled 10.5 per-
cent. So which figure more accu-
rately reflects the health of the
housing market? The answer
should become clearer this week
when the National Association of
Realtors reveals the latest results
of its pending home sales index.
PENDING HOME
SALES INDEX
126.6 128.2
120
110
100
0 boomers are saving and investing in these tax-deferred plans. “Clearly, this is
April 2005 Aug.
The index gauges the number of home-sale
contracts signed each month.
Source: National Association of Realtors
More Money & Business news, features, and advice are at www.usnews.com/buzz
40 U.S.NEWS & WORLD REPORT • WWW.USNEWS.COM • APRIL 10, 2006
MONEY WATCH
By Paul J. Lim
Softly as in a Morning Sunrise
I
f you’re waiting for the new Federal Reserve Board chairman, Ben
Bernanke, to sound the all-clear on interest-rate hikes, don’t hold your
breath. It’s not that Bernanke necessarily plans to keep raising rates. But
he’s the new kid on the block. The man who replaced Fed Chairman Alan
Greenspan in February has to sound
like an aggressive inflation fighter,
whether or not he intends to boost
rates again. That’s all part of the dance
between the Fed and Wall Street. “For
the Fed to imply that it would be stop-
ping soon would be tantamount to giv-
ing a green light for robust growth,”
says Stuart Schweitzer, global markets
strategist for J. P. Morgan Asset &
Wealth Management. And that would
create real inflation fears on Wall
Street. This explains why the central
bank hinted that more rate hikes could be on the way shortly after it lifted
rates last week. Some traders misunderstood the Fed’s remarks and sold off
on the news, fearing a more hawkish stance. But even if the Fed keeps rates
where they are, or boosts rates just once more, it’s not going to issue a press
release saying, “No más.”
Could the Market Be Flashing a Sell Signal?
T he stock market is off to a rip-roaring start. In the just-ended first quar-
ter, the Standard & Poor’s 500 index of blue-chip stocks jumped about 4
percent. That’s nearly as much as the s&p returned in all of 2005. Small-
company stocks and foreign shares did even better. Despite the encouraging
start, this may not be a good time to put too much new money to work. That’s
because stocks tend to run in cycles. And Year 2 of a presidential term has
historically been a tough one. What’s more, the second and third quarters of
these second years have been the worst time to be in the market. According
to s&p research, stocks have lost 2 percent or more on average in the second
and third quarters of the second years of a presidential cycle. This is based
on data going back to 1945. So if history is any guide, this may be a good time
to adhere to that old adage: Sell in May and go away.
The Xbox Generation Won’t Play the 401(k) Game
W hile the vast majority of young workers understand they’re on their own
when it comes to funding retirement, most aren’t doing a thing about it.
According to a recent study by the benefits consultants Hewitt Associates,
116.3
less than 1 in 3 workers 18 to 25 who are eligible to participate in company-
sponsored 401(k) plans is taking advantage of the retirement accounts. By
comparison, 63 percent of generation X workers and 72 percent of baby
Jan. ’06 a challenging group to get thinking about their futures,” says Lori Lucas,
Hewitt’s director of retirement research. Yet studies show that money invest-
ed in your 20s is far more valuable than money set aside in your 40s or 50s—
all because of the power of compound interest. l
FROM TOP: TIM SLOAN—AFP / GETTY IMAGES; CHART BY USN&WR
 Health & Medicine

Reason to
Be Happy
CHRONIC DEPRESSION MAY ROB YOU OF MORE THAN JOY:
THE EVIDENCE IS PILING UP THAT IT CAN ALSO STEAL YOUR HEALTH
By Marianne Szegedy-Maszak says Dwight Evans, chair of psychiatry at the Universi-
ty of Pennsylvania medical school. “And there is also

B
ryce Miller’s work as an industrial engineer considerable recent evidence that mood disorders can
in Topeka, Kan., wasn’t a whole lot more affect the course of medical illnesses. It goes both ways.
challenging than the job he faces in retire- Depression may be both a cause and a consequence of
ment: engineering his own medical care by medical illness.”
10 different doctors. Miller, 74, sees a team Risk factor. Consider a study published last month in
of specialists, which includes a cardiologist, the journal Diabetologia, which concluded that depressed
a urologist and radiologist for prostate cancer, an en- adults have a 37 percent greater risk of developing type
docrinologist for diabetes, a nephrologist for kidney 2 diabetes than the rest of the population; other stud-
problems, and a psychiatrist to manage the severe ies have suggested their risk actually doubles. (Appar-
episodes of depression he has suffered during a long ently, English physician Thomas Willis was on to some-
struggle with bipolar disorder. “I can’t find a doctor who thing when he wrote in 1674, “Diabetes is caused by
can handle all of it,” he says. CLAYTON J. PRICE—CORBIS melancholy.”) One intriguing
It’s impossible to pinpoint recent study of Alzheimer’s
all the causes of Miller’s ill- patients revealed that those
ness; a combination of bad with a history of depression
genes, bad luck, and bad diet had more extensive plaques in
probably gets much of the their brains. Depressed post-
blame. But lately, he says, he’s menopausal women with no
been wondering whether his history of heart disease are
mental state may have played much more likely to develop
a role, too. Medicine has rec- it and die of it than their
ognized for some time that peers. In March, University of
chronically sick people are Chicago researchers showed
prone to depression and that that loneliness can spike
those affected have a tougher blood pressure by 30 points
road back. Now, the signs are in older people. Pancreatic
mounting that the spectrum of cancer, for reasons scientists
depressive illness, and per- don’t understand, is often
haps even bitter loneliness, preceded by a serious de-
may actually make healthy pression before the disease
people more vulnerable to a asserts itself.
range of physical ailments. And when melancholy
“There is a growing body of ev- comes on the heels of disease,
idence suggesting that de- it appears to compound the
pression might be a causal risk physical insult. Diabetes is
factor in diseases like ischemic more likely to be uncontrolled,
heart disease, stroke, diabetes, for example. And several stud-
and immune-based diseases ies have found that in the
like cancer and hiv/aids,” months right after a heart at-

U.S.NEWS & WORLD REPORT • WWW.USNEWS.COM • APRIL 10, 2006 41

tack, the depressed patients are much
more likely to die than the others.
If the researchers are right, the human
cost of letting depression go untreated is
staggering. Nearly 25 percent of Ameri-
can women and 10 percent of men will
be clinically depressed at some point in
their lives; a massive study conducted by
the World Health Organization, Harvard
University School of Public Health, and
the World Bank found that by 2020, de-
pression will be second only to heart dis-
ease as a cause of medical and physical
disability. People who have suffered
silently because their mental-health in-
surance benefits are so stingy got a glim-
mer of hope last week from the results of
a large study showing that employers
could beef up benefits without signifi-
cantly raising costs (Box, below).
What might explain the mind’s influ-
ence on physical health? Certainly,
chronic depression does not encourage
a healthy lifestyle. “Depressed individu-
als don’t exercise. They are more likely
not to take medication, and it is harder
for them to lose weight and stop smok- system gets ready for impending injury, month in the Journal of the American
ing,” says Nancy Frasure-Smith, a pro- sticky cells called platelets go on high College of Cardiology found that men-
fessor of psychiatry at the University of alert to slow down bleeding. In depressed tal stress caused a more dramatic de-
Montreal and McGill University who has people, one study showed, the plate- crease in blood flow to the heart mus-
long studied the link between depression lets are more apt to be in this state of cle—or ischemia—than a stress test on
and cardiovascular disease. readiness. The problem: Clotting is what a treadmill. All told, stress and depres-
The biochemistry. But depression also causes heart attacks and sion probably explain
acts on the body’s systems in ways sci- strokes. Chemicals called “close to 30 percent of the
entists are only beginning to understand.
Extra stress hormones are produced, for
cytokines flood the blood-
stream, as well. These mes-
Loneliness total risk of heart attacks,”
estimates David Sheps,
example—along with chemicals that trig- sengers from the immune can spike professor of medicine and
ger inflammation. When the hormone system cause inflamma- associate chief of cardio-
cortisol is secreted in response to stress, tion, which makes blood blood pressure vascular medicine at the
the body’s blood glucose level rises to
provide a burst of energy. A depressed
vessels thicken and artery-
hardening plaques form.
by 30 points in University of Florida.
It’s way too soon to
brain’s constant signal that it’s under
stress and needs more energy compli-
Researchers have also
noted another stress re-
older people. make the leap that de-
pression is a direct cause
cates the body’s regulation of blood action: The heart muscles of heart disease akin to
sugar. Might this explain why depres- of depressed patients lose flexibility. A smoking or high cholesterol, or that
sion seems to both trigger and exacer- normal heart transitions easily between treatment—like quitting cigarettes—can
bate diabetes? its resting and beating states; more rigid reverse the damage or save lives. Indeed,
A stress response may set depressed muscle is less able to respond to the two big recent studies have failed to
people up for cardiovascular disease, too— changing demands of the body for blood show that heart patients live longer
or aggravate it. When the blood-clotting and oxygen. A study published last when they undergo therapy or take an-

No More Excuses
coverage got good cents on a $100-a-
news last week: A month premium, for
study published in the example, if insurers

O
ne big reason de- they limit the number New England Journal passed the cost along
pression goes of visits, or charge of Medicine found to consumers—and
untreated is that higher deductibles that equalizing bene- most wouldn’t bother,
people can’t afford to and copayments for fits increased insur- predicts Howard
seek help. Cost-con- talk therapy than for a ers’ costs by less than Goldman, a professor
scious insurers often blown knee or dia- half a percentage of psychiatry at the
don’t cover mental- betes consult, say. But point. That would University of Mary-
health care at all. Or advocates for equal amount to a mere 50 land School of Medi-

42 U.S.NEWS & WORLD REPORT • WWW.USNEWS.COM • APRIL 10, 2006 FROM TOP: ELENA DORFMAN FOR USN≀ CORBIS
 Health & Medicine

NOW MENDED. A depression
after heart surgery prevented
Dale Briggs from eating right
and getting exercise.
A DOSE OF
end, and found it impossible to exer-
cise or eat properly until his doctor
prescribed medication and his de-
pression lifted.

tidepressants. But medi-
cine is intent upon deal-
ing with the mental
health of cardiac patients
anyway, because people
who are not depressed
are more likely to lead
heart-healthy lives; they
REALITY
Brain drain. The research linking de-
pression to dementia is still in its in-
fancy and has raised more questions
than it has answered. One study pub-
lished in February, by researchers at the An eagerly awaited bird
University of Pittsburgh, found that f lu vaccine comes up short
adults with symptoms of depression
scored a bit lower on cognitive tests than By Josh Fischman
those who were not depressed, a finding

exercise, take their med-
icines, lose weight, and
stop smoking. “If you are
a patient with heart dis-
ease, you need to know
what your cholesterol
level is, what your blood
pressure is, and what diet
and exercise program you
will need to prevent a sec-
ond heart attack. You
should add to that list
whether or not you are
that is consistent with extensive previ-
ous research on the way depression con-
tributes to cognitive impairment. But
only about 13 percent of the patients
who eventually developed dementia
were depressed.
At the same time, though, another
group of researchers reported that the
brains of Alzheimer’s patients with a
history of depression had more of the
disease’s characteristic tangles and
plaques in the hippocampus—the area
largely responsible for memory—than
T
here is a protective shot against
bird flu, researchers reported last
week. An occasion for joy and re-
lief? Not quite. The vaccine works only
half the time, and it has to be given in
such large amounts that there would not
be enough to go around.Vaccine makers
may be able to produce shots for only 75
million people, but “we’d want to pro-
tect close to 200 million” in the United
States alone, says Anthony Fauci, di-
rector of the National Institute of Al-
MAHMUD HAMS—AFP / GETTY IMAGES

depressed,” says Richard Stein, direc- those of other patients. Moreover,

tor of preventive cardiology at Beth Is- their medical records indicated that
rael hospital in New York. they had succumbed more rapidly to
The majority of people who have sur- the ravages of the illness. “About all
vived some sort of heart event are, at we do know with certainty,” says
least for a while. Some 65 percent of Michael Rapp, a resident at Mount
heart attack survivors are estimated to Sinai medical school and one of the
fall into depression, for example. Ac- authors of the Alzheimer’s study, “is
cording to Mended Hearts, the oldest that the biggest risk factor for
and largest support group for people Alzheimer’s disease is old age.”
with heart disease, about 70 percent of What also seems certain, however
patients who have gone through heart mysterious all these connections may lergy and Infectious Diseases. “We’re
surgery, which often follows a heart at- be, is that mental health can no longer not going to be ready.” At least not with
tack, get depressed during the first year, be considered a separate issue. Realiz- this vaccine version.
and about a third continue to suffer ing that there may be links between his The shots were given to 451 healthy
from debilitating depression. mental and physical illness has brought adults in the United States, doctors re-
“I was just inside this ugly tunnel,” Bryce Miller some peace with a body ported in last week’s New England Jour-
says Dale Briggs, a Mended Hearts ex- that has often confused him. “When nal of Medicine. They tried several dif-
ecutive and an insurance fraud inves- they stuck my finger 15 years ago and ferent dose levels. The best results: If
tigator from Fresno, Calif., who had a found out that I was diabetic, it never people were given two shots at a hefty 90
valve replaced in his heart 12 years ago occurred to me that my depression had micrograms each, about half of them de-
at age 48 and was overwhelmed by the something to do with it,” he says. “But veloped a strong immune response. By
emotional consequences. He couldn’t now it just seems so clear: The brain is comparison, seasonal flu shots take just
sleep, watched television for hours on always connected to the body.” l one injection at 15 micrograms. “It took
12 times the usual dose to protect half of
the people who got it,” says infectious dis-
ease specialist Gregory Poland, who runs
cine and an author of plans, costs crept up by A bill introduced by
the vaccine research group at the Mayo
the study. close to the same Minnesota Rep. Jim
Clinic. “Clearly this isn’t the answer.”
The research, pro- amount each year—and Ramstad and Rhode
But it may be a starting point, he adds,
posed by Bill Clinton there was no wild stam- Island Rep. Patrick
for there are ways to get a bigger bang
when he was president, pede to get services, ei- Kennedy that would
with a smaller dose. Tests on this vac-
looked at seven federal ther. Managed-care poli- require equal benefits
cine are now underway with adjuvants,
health plans after equal cies, researchers say, has bipartisan support
added chemicals that can boost the im-
benefits for all kinds of seem to keep demand and 224 cosponsors.
mune response so vaccine makers can
healthcare were put in and costs in check. It could come to a
shrink the dose size and thus stretch the
place in 2001. Com- The findings could vote by year’s end.
supply. “We should have answers in
pared with more typical spur Congress to act. –Anna Mulrine
about six to 12 months,” Poland says.
“This is really a race against time.” l

U.S.NEWS & WORLD REPORT • WWW.USNEWS.COM • APRIL 10, 2006 43

 HEALTH WATCH
By Margaret Mannix

Hey, Put a Lid on It

L
ast December, just in time for Christmas, a uni-
versity audiologist ventured his opinion, quickly
and widely circulated, that iPods can damage
hearing because many users pump up the volume.
And a few weeks later, a Louisiana man sued Apple,
alleging that the company hadn’t done enough to
warn people about that. Last week, Apple introduced
a free fix (www.apple.com/ipod/download) that lets
users limit the volume on the newest iPod and the
tiny Nano. Parents can lock in the setting of a child’s
iPod by entering a code. For several years, iPods sold
in Europe have been capped at a volume of 100 deci-
bels. Even that level is high and should be restricted
to 15 minutes at a time, says the National Institutes
of Health; 85 dB or more can impair hearing. An
iPod or Nano, based on yet-unpublished tests by re-
search audiologist Brian Fligor of Children’s Hospi-
tal Boston, can hit 110 dB—as loud as down front at a
Metallica concert. –Avery Comarow

MARIO TAMA—GETTY IMAGES

How to Get Colon and alcohol get the disease

Cancer Sooner
Doctors usually decide when
to start colon cancer screen-
ing based on family history.
But after looking at the rec-
ords of 161,172 colorectal
cancer patients nationwide,
researchers found that smok-
ing and drinking also play a
role in causing the cancer at a
younger age. In the latest
issue of the Archives of Inter-
nal Medicine, scientists re-
ported that people who
smoke or drink get colon can-
cer about five years earlier
than those who abstain. Peo-
ple who combine cigarettes
MICHAEL COGLIANTRY—GETTY IMAGES pressure, occurs in
nearly eight years earlier.
Screening for colon cancer
usually begins at age 50, but
if other studies find similar
results, doctors might start
testing smokers and drinkers
at an earlier age. –Cory Hatch
No Vitamin C or E
for Moms at Risk
Vitamins often recommend-
ed to ward off preeclampsia
don’t work, according to a
new study in the British
medical journal Lancet.
Preeclampsia, a complica-
tion of pregnancy character-
ized by skyrocketing blood
about 5 percent of
pregnancies and can
be fatal to both mother
and child. The condi-
vitamins did not reduce it.
What’s more, women who
took them were more likely
to have underweight babies.
“We were recommending vi-
tamin C and vitamin E to
women who were at high
risk of preeclampsia,” says
Ashley Roman, an obstetri-
cian who specializes in high-
risk pregnancies at New
York University School of
Medicine. “I think we’re
going to stop that practice
right now.” –Helen Fields
far beyond a week of ice
cream. According to a study
published online this week
in the journal Pediatrics,
after children with adhd
had tonsillectomies, half of
them no longer had the dis-
order when they were
checked 12 months later.
“adhd is not a diagnosis
you expect to just disappear
a year later in a child,” says
Ron Chervin, director of the
study and head of the Sleep
Disorders Center at the
University of Michigan.
“These improvements are
remarkable,” wrote the
study’s authors, “because
hyperactivity and inatten-
tion generally are expected
to be chronic features in af-
fected school-aged chil-
dren.” –Anna Mulrine
MENDILS—PHOTOTAKE

tion’s causes are a

mystery. Some experts
think antioxidants like
Can a Tonsillectomy
vitamins C and E can Cure ADHD?
help. But in this study Children with attention
of 2,400 women at deficit hyperactivity disor-
risk—including those der who have their tonsils
with high blood pres- removed may see post-
sure and diabetes—the surgery benefits that extend

More information on colorectal cancer, diabetes, ADHD, and other conditions is at www.usnews.com/besthealth

44 U.S.NEWS & WORLD REPORT • WWW.USNEWS.COM • APRIL 10, 2006 PAUL SAKUMA—AP

Chemotherapy can lower
your white blood cell count,
raising the risk of infection.
Visit www.Neulasta.com or call 1-866-750-1616
If you need assistance paying for Neulasta call 1-800-272-9376.
Neulasta® boosts your white
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®
I’m Ready
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And then, take on
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chemotherapy could lower my white blood cell count,
putting me at risk for infection—even putting my
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“If you’re getting chemotherapy, why not talk with your
doctor about Neulasta®?”
*Neulasta® is administered one day after chemotherapy.
Important Information: Neulasta® is a prescription-only
injection. Neulasta® is for most cancer patients receiving
strong chemotherapy and may not prevent all infections.
In rare cases, splenic rupture or serious allergic reactions
have been reported. Report abdominal or shoulder pain
or any allergic reaction to your doctor immediately.
The most common side effect of this injection is mild
to moderate bone pain. Please see important product
information for patients on the following page.

BRIEF SUMMARY OF INFORMATION FOR PATIENTS AND CAREGIVERS
This brief summary of the patient package insert provides information and
instructions for people who will be receiving Neulasta® or their caregivers. This
brief summary does not tell you everything about Neulasta®. You should discuss
any questions you have about treatment with Neulasta® with your doctor.
What is Neulasta®?
Neulasta® is a man-made form of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF),
which is made using the bacteria E coli. G-CSF is a substance naturally produced
by the body. It stimulates the growth of neutrophils (nu-tro-fils), a type of white
blood cell important in the body’s fight against infection.
What is Neulasta® used for?
Neulasta® is used to treat neutropenia (nu-tro-peen-ee-ah), a condition where the
body makes too few white blood cells. Neutropenia can be caused by drugs used
to treat cancer.
How does Neulasta® work?
Neulasta® works by stimulating the growth of neutrophils, a type of white blood
cell. To make sure Neulasta® is working, the doctor will ask that the patient have
blood tests to count the number of white blood cells. It is important to follow the
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Who should not take Neulasta®?
Do not take Neulasta® if you are:
• Allergic to Neulasta® (pegfilgrastim) or any of its ingredients, or to NEUPOGEN®
(Filgrastim). See the end of this brief summary for a list of ingredients in Neulasta®.
• Allergic to other medicines made using the bacteria E coli. Ask your doctor if you
are not sure.
What important information do I need to know about
receiving Neulasta®?
Neulasta® can reduce the risk of infection, but it may not prevent all infections.
An infection can still happen during the time when your white blood cell levels
are low. You must be alert and look for some of the common signs of infection,
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using Neulasta®. It is important that you drink plenty of fluids if you receive Neulasta®.
If you have a sickle cell crisis after getting Neulasta®, you need to tell your doctor
right away.
Make sure your doctor knows about all medications you are taking before starting
Neulasta® injections. If you are taking lithium, you may need more frequent
blood tests.
Issue Date: 12/20/2004
Neulasta® (pegfilgrastim)
The doctor, nurse, or caregiver will usually inject the dose of Neulasta® a day after
the last dose of chemotherapy in each cycle. Neulasta® should only be injected on
the day the doctor has determined and should not be injected until approximately
24 hours after receiving chemotherapy.
More information about Neulasta® is available in the physician package insert. If
you have any questions, talk to your doctor.
What are possible or reasonably likely side effects of Neulasta®?
Your spleen may become enlarged and, in rare cases, may rupture while taking
Neulasta®. The spleen is located in the upper left section of your stomach area.
Call your doctor right away if you have pain in your left upper stomach area or
left shoulder tip area. This pain could mean your spleen is enlarged or ruptured.
Neulasta® can cause serious allergic reactions. These reactions can cause a
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Sometimes these symptoms could come back within days after stopping treatment
for the allergic reaction. If you get these symptoms at any time, stop using Neulasta®
and call a doctor or get emergency care right away. If you have an allergic reaction
during the injection of Neulasta®, stop the injection right away.
The most common side effect you may experience is aching in the bones and
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such as acetaminophen.
Some people experience redness, swelling, or itching at the site of injection. This
may be an allergy to the ingredients in Neulasta®, or it may be a local reaction. If
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What about pregnancy or breastfeeding?
Neulasta® has not been studied in pregnant women, and its effects on unborn
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can get into human breast milk. If you are pregnant, plan to become pregnant,
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using Neulasta®.
How should Neulasta® be stored?
Neulasta® should be stored in the refrigerator at 2° to 8°C (36° to 46°F), but not
in the freezer. Neulasta® should be protected from light, so you should keep it in
its carton until you are ready to use it. Avoid shaking Neulasta®. If Neulasta® is
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What are the ingredients in Neulasta®?
Each syringe contains pegfilgrastim in a sterile, clear, colorless, preservative-free
solution containing acetate, sorbitol, polysorbate 20, and sodium.
Manufactured by:
Amgen Manufacturing Limited,
a subsidiary of Amgen Inc.
One Amgen Center Drive
Thousand Oaks, CA 91320-1799
©2004 Amgen. All rights reserved.
 Special Report

America’s Best

Graduate

Schools
A look at what’s new on campus, from law school to
the M.B.A., plus our signature rankings
Blogging on Campus 48 • Finding Female M.B.A.’s 52 • Rethinking Legal Education 54
R A N K I N G S : How We Rank 59 • Business 60 • Education 62
Engineering 64 • Law 66 • Medicine 72

KEVIN HORAN FOR USN&WR 47

 Special Report • America’s Best Graduate Schools

Blogging Their Way

Through Academe
By Carolyn Kleiner Butler pursuing the life of the mind. “I enjoy reading and writing—
that’s why I’m in this profession to begin with—so blogging
hen Stanford University medical stu- makes perfect sense,” says Rebecca Goetz, a sixth-year Ph.D.
dent Graham Walker performed a candidate in history at Harvard University who launched “(a)
breast exam for the first time, he musings of a grad student” (www.rebecca-goetz.blogspot.com)
didn’t discuss the somewhat nerve- in 2002 in part as a way to air her passionate political opin-
racking experience with professors, ions. “I see no downside, as long as you’re appropriate.”
friends, or his three female class- Budding scholars who blog say they especially value the abil-
mates. Instead, the would-be doctor ity to connect with others in their fields in mere minutes, as
posted his feelings on his blog, “Over opposed to the months or years it can take to publish in jour-
My Med Body!” at www.graham nals. Although Goetz has been known to post photos and sto-
azon.com, for all the world to see. The hilariously honest re- ries about her cat, she spends most of her time in cyberspace
port, titled simply “Boobies,” reads, in part: addressing intellectual issues, including her pending disser-
tation on the interaction between Christianity and slavery
Normally in patient interviews and interactions, I try to let my prior to the abolition movement, parts of which she’s actu-
personality shine through . . . But in this situation, I must’ve been ally posted online. “When I hit a bump or have a problem I
too objective, too sterile. I started doing my palpations, and the
instructor said, “Man, it’s like I’m being examined by a robot.”
can’t work out, the blog is a more casual way of working
So, I’m going along, doing my little “light, medium, deep” mo- through that,” says the 27-year-old, who recently wrote an
tion, which seems to take hours, and everyone else just starts entry about problems she was having counting godparents in
going into bra and cup sizes and early Virginia wills. She received
pasties and minimizers and maxi- lots of supportive, helpful feed-
mizers . . . Estrogen’s oozing from
the walls. Anyway, we all finish our
FIND OUT MORE AT USNEWS.COM back from readers, including
some very practical advice from
exams, and we’re reminded that this RANKINGS. Complete lists for all disciplines a fellow historian regarding
is a skill that requires practice. PROFILES. Admissions and financial aid information spreadsheet formulas.
TRENDS. What’s hot in education and careers Still, many graduate student
Over the past three years, Walk- FORUMS. Connect with students and education experts bloggers choose to use pseudo-
er has uploaded his thoughts on TOOLS. Customized search results nyms so they can address the oc-
everything from dissecting his BUSINESS • EDUCATION • ENGINEERING • LAW • MEDICINE casional controversial subject
first cadaver and getting overly at- SCIENCES • LIBRARY AND INFORMATION STUDIES • without fear of repercussions.
tached to patients to broader pol- SOCIAL SCIENCES • HUMANITIES • PUBLIC AFFAIRS • ARTS For example, the author of
icy concerns such as the new “newoldschoolteacher” identi-
Medicare Part D drug legislation. fies herself only as a master’s
The result is a witty, readable, and very public online diary. candidate at a graduate school of education in New York. She
“I wanted a way that I could reflect on my day-to-day life as uses her blog (www.schoolnerdblog.blogspot.com) to expose
a med student,” says the 25-year-old. “Part of it is a defense the disheartening and often exasperating instruction she en-
mechanism to be able to turn an awkward or uncomfortable counters in pedagogy and methods classes that are supposed
situation into humor and laugh at myself. But it also allows me to be progressive but which she’s come to view as largely
to vent frustration and share fun stories or big-think ideas dur- out of touch and ineffective. She also recounts her student-
ing what can be a pretty isolated time.” teaching stints at various inner-city high schools in a frank
Unfiltered. It should come as no surprise that young, tech- and unsparing style:
savvy graduate students with countless theories and opinions
to share make model bloggers and that they’re using the seem- If you don’t believe me that 11th graders don’t know anything
ingly ubiquitous medium in ever growing numbers. These Web about the American Revolution, here are some student
guesses I received today as to who fought who: 1) The colonists
logs, which run the gamut from strictly academic to decid- were fighting the Indians. 2) The British were fighting the Eng-
edly personal, provide an informal, immediate, and wide-rang- lish. 3) The whites were fighting the British. 4) The whites were
ing forum for fledgling scholars and professionals alike to mull fighting the English. And we can’t forget 5) The Indians were
over their research, say, or to rant about difficult advisers and fighting the Native Americans. As if this were not depress-
dissertation dilemmas. What’s more, blogs can also provide ing enough, the kids’ behavior in second period is getting
would-be grad students an enlightening and largely unfiltered out of control. They throw balls of paper. They swear at each
window into the ivory tower. And while several recent con- other across the room. They hit one another. They rap. They
troversies show that blogging in academe isn’t without pitfalls, yell. They do anything but the work. When the teacher talks,
aficionados say their Web ruminations are a valuable tool for there are eight other conversations going on at the same vol-

48 U.S.NEWS & WORLD REPORT • WWW.USNEWS.COM • APRIL 10, 2006 DAVID BUTOW—REDUX FOR USN&WR
 THE PROFESSIONAL SCHOOLS • CAREERS

Graham Walker
blogs about life as a
Stanford med student.

CREDIT SITS HERE HORIZONTALLY AMERICA’S BEST GRADUATE SCHOOLS • USN&WR 49

 Special Report • America’s Best Graduate Schools

SCOTT GOLDSMITH FOR USN&WR

ume level. My teacher he poked fun at a peer
refuses to do anything
about this. Refuses. In
who wore a button saying,
fact, she thinks that ‘the “This is what a feminist
class is going really well!’ looks like” on her purse.
Whereas I would put it (He wrote that she suf-
more like, ‘the class is an fered “the classic faults of
unmitigated disaster!’ a poor spokeswoman for
feminism: too pretty, too
Like many blogging peers, thin, and too young.”)
Newoldschoolteacher Wyatt, now 27 and set to
worries not only about graduate, recalls, “It was
being discovered and dis- an odd situation, being
ciplined but also about approached by someone I
the ethical issues of writ- barely knew and being
ing about people she told not to write such
comes into contact with, shallow posts. That really
be they students, peers, brought home just how
professors, or advisers— public a blog could be and
and takes great pains to how easily a dialogue,
preserve their anonymity Blogger Zachary Wyatt, a University of Wisconsin–Madison law student whether positive or neg-
as well. “I’m not really ative, is started with read-
sure what the rules are for ers.” Now he encourages
this kind of thing—they probably are year at the University of Wisconsin Law such back-and-forth debate and fields re-
kind of unclear because it’s such a new School, he launched “The Rising Jurist” buttals to his views on everything from
medium,” says the scribe. “But I guess, (www.onebluesun.org/trj), which covers the death penalty to the law school’s
for me, I feel it’s worth the risks to have everything from Supreme Court nomi- grading system. His favorite criticism?
the outlet.” nees and dna evidence to his pet mouse, “Jurist was boring yesterday.”
Every so often, an industrious reader Scalia. At the end of that year, a class- Luckily, Wyatt hasn’t suffered any
will take it upon himself or herself to ex- mate asked if he was the mystery blog- consequences—academic, career, or oth-
pose a blogger. That’s what happened to ger and—after he acknowledged that he erwise—since being unmasked. Howev-
Zachary Wyatt. As an anonymous first- was—chastised him for a post in which er, it appears that there are some risks

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 Special Report • America’s Best Graduate Schools
for Web auteurs on the job market. In-
deed, a debate erupted in the academ-
ic blogosphere last summer when a hu-
manities professor at a small liberal arts
college in the Midwest published a pseu-
donymous column in the Chronicle of
Higher Education called “Bloggers Need
Not Apply.” In the article, “Ivan Tribble”
detailed his work on a faculty search
committee that evaluated several can-
didates whose websites were easily lo-
cated through Google—whether or not
the applicants mentioned them on
their résumés or in in-
terviews. In each and
every case, the blogs Tech-savvy
had a negative impact,
due to inappropriate grad students
personal content, mis-
represented research, with countless
or concerns that such
scholars might “air de- opinions to
partmental dirty laun-
dry (real or imagined) share make
on the cyber clothes-
line for the world to model bloggers.
see,” wrote Tribble,
who affixed a strong warning: “Job seek-
ers who are also bloggers may have a
tough road ahead, if our committee’s ex-
perience is any indication.”
Professional pitfalls. Those already
working in academe may also find
themselves in hot water. Political sci-
ence Prof. Daniel Drezner, for one, be-
lieves that his own well-known blog,
www.danieldrezner.com, may have
played a role in his being denied tenure
at the University of Chicago last year; he
now cautions graduate students and un-
tenured peers to think carefully before
creating Web diaries themselves. The
ivory tower’s old guard, he argues, is
likely to overestimate the amount of
time it takes to maintain a blog and also
fail to acknowledge any potential intel-
lectual value, among other downsides.
“One of the problems with blogging is
that it provides an alternative route
through which academics can attain sta-
tus, outside the more proper, tradition-
al, peer-reviewed path,” adds Drezner,
who will move to a tenured post at the
Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy
at Tufts University this summer. “As a
result, there’s always going to be hostil-
ity toward people who manage to do
that, in the same way there is toward
those who write only popular books.”
Interestingly, fields like business and
law tend to be more accepting of blog-
ging (legal “blawg” offerings include
www.threeyearsofhell.com and www
.lawdork.blogspot.com). More and more
institutions are using student-written
but school-sponsored blogs on their ad-
missions pages in order to provide a
more intimate—if occasionally some-
what staid—look at their programs, in-
cluding Vermont Law School, the Whar-
ton School of Business at the University
of Pennsylvania, and the Eller College of
Management at the University of Ari-
zona. (Typical entry: “One of the more
interesting aspects of your second year
at Eller will be the job hunt.”)
So how can those looking for the
inside skinny on grad-school life use
such sites to their ad-
vantage? Current stu-
dents suggest that ap-
plicants would be wise
to scour both author-
ized and off-the-rec-
ord blogs about par-
ticular institutions or
disciplines for a more
realistic perspective
than glossy brochures
provide and to post or
E-mail specific ques-
tions. Others are a bit
more circumspect. “I think [these sites]
can be somewhat useful but would al-
ways say to prospective students, ‘Be
cautious about taking too much infor-
mation from complete strangers, be-
cause you just don’t know who these peo-
ple really are or what their agenda is,’ ”
says Robert Schwartz, associate dean for
admissions at Benjamin N. Cardozo
School of Law at Yeshiva University in
New York, which is currently consider-
ing integrating blogging into its own ad-
missions process.
Back in California, Graham Walker
has already started to contemplate the
fate of “Over My Med Body!” whose au-
dience has ballooned from a handful
of loyal relatives to some 1,500 readers
a day. “I know a couple of [residents]
who’ve been told by their attending
physician or programs that they have to
stop—probably because of confidential-
ity issues,” says the physician in training.
Nonetheless, he hopes to continue re-
cording his experiences in medicine in
some way after graduating next spring—
for himself, his readers, and also, in a
way, his patients. “I want them to know
that I’m a fallible human behind my
white coat, not some godlike figure who
can automatically heal them or give
them a magic pill. I say things I regret,
think things that are wrong, but through
my blog, I try to analyze these things and
recognize the wrong assumptions or bad
behaviors so I can correct them,” he
muses. “I think it’s really important to
get that out there.” l
 Special Report • America’s Best Graduate Schools

Looking for Ms. M.B.A.

By Nisha Ramachandran law schools, to which applicants may apply straight out of col-
lege, B-schools typically require anywhere from three to five years
t has been well over two decades since women started out- of work experience before matriculation. “You’re looking at
numbering men among American undergraduates. And women who are between 25 and 28 and who are saying: ‘I know
at the nation’s medical and law schools, nearly half of in- I would like to get married and have a family. Is this worth the
coming students are now female. Yet the story is different investment?’ ” says Wendy Huber, associate admissions direc-
at business schools. Women remain nearly as scarce in tor at the University of Virginia’s Darden Graduate School of
M.B.A. programs as in engineering and computer science: Business. (Male applicants, other admissions directors note, tend
The proportion of female students enrolled in B-school either to marry later or to receive more support from a spouse.)
hovers around just 35 percent. And in top programs, To address these concerns, many schools are changing the
women account for fewer than 1 in 3 students—a propor- way they pitch the M.B.A. to women. The University of Den-
tion that hasn’t budged since the mid-1990s. ver’s Daniels College of Business, for instance, is exploring fe-
That paradox has not escaped the notice of America’s business male-friendly additions to its curriculum such as a math boot
schools. Eager to mirror the student population of other pro- camp and negotiation course. The program also plans to make
fessional fields—and to meet hiring demands from corporate female alumni and prominent faculty more visible and acces-
recruiters—admissions offi- sible to prospective stu-
cers have made boosting the dents. A similar effort last
number of women on cam- year at Dartmouth’s Tuck
pus a top priority. Yet a va- School of Business helped
riety of factors, from the bump female enrollment
typical timing of the degree from 25 to 31 percent for
to a continuing dearth of the class of 2007. Many
female role models in the leading programs are work-
business world, have made ing with the Forte Founda-
M.B.A.’s a hard sell for tion, a nonprofit dedicated
female college grads: Far to boosting the number of
fewer women than men women in business.
even apply in the first place. Some schools are quietly
“We all want to increase our testing the idea of reducing
percentages of women,” says the work experience re-
Liz Riley, director of admis- quirement for talented fe-
sions at Duke University’s male applicants—by giving
Fuqua School of Business. more consideration to in-
“But it is incredibly tough.” ternships held throughout
Her largely male classes don’t faze MIT M.B.A. student Kathleen Poe.
For starters, education college, for instance. And
experts say, more women others are looking at ways
than men doubt the social
value of working in busi- M.B.A. admissions officers have to reach talented women at
an earlier age. The Uni-
ness. Carolyn Sy, for in-
stance, who attended the made boosting the number of versity of Texas–Austin’s
McCombs School of Busi-
University of Pennsylva-
nia’s Wharton School of women on campus a top priority. ness recently introduced
Jump Start, a new program
Business as an undergrad- that offers women (as well
uate, decided to pursue a career in medicine rather than an as blacks and Latinos) the chance to apply to the school at
M.B.A. after a few years of working in marketing at a large food the end of their senior year of college. Selected students can
and beverage corporation. “It started not to make sense any- then defer admission for a few years, secure in their future
more,” says Sy. “I didn’t really understand why I would go plans, while gaining work experience for companies like
home stressed about what color a T-shirt should be.” Frito-Lay and Deloitte.
Numbers game. M.B.A. students also have the reputation of For now, the lopsided male-female ratio in the typical M.B.A.
being “quant jocks” who excel at math-intensive subjects such program doesn’t seem to bother most women, who report high
as finance and accounting. This stereotype often keeps wom- satisfaction with their programs in student surveys. Kathleen
en, especially those uneasy over their quantitative abilities, from Poe, a member of the class of 2007 at the Massachusetts In-
applying. In a 2000 study by research organization Catalyst and stitute of Technology’s Sloan School of Management, found that
the University of Michigan Business School, 45 percent of wom- the B-school environment mirrored her previous work experi-
en (and just 19 percent of men) said a lack of confidence in math ences, where she was one of few women. She says that the lack
abilities deterred them from pursuing an M.B.A. of women is especially noticeable in small-group projects but
Yet biology may be the biggest hurdle of all. Pursuing an adds that she had no difficulty fitting into the program. “I would
M.B.A. often coincides with the period when marriage and chil- prefer if there were an even balance of men and women,” says
dren start to enter the picture for women. Unlike medical and Poe. “But it doesn’t put me off, and it never put me off.” l

52 U.S.NEWS & WORLD REPORT • WWW.USNEWS.COM • APRIL 10, 2006 CHARLIE ARCHAMBAULT FOR USN&WR
www.myrichuncle.com 1-888-MyRichUncle

Rethinking Law School
By Carolyn Kleiner Butler
ike Laussade has learned a lot during his
third year of law school at the University
of Texas–Austin—mostly as editor-in-chief
of the law review. But the attorney in train-
ing freely admits that he has slacked off and
skipped plenty of classes, too, safe in the
knowledge that he has already got a job
lined up at a top Dallas firm for the fall. So
he can’t help but wonder if the past two se-
mesters have been a costly, superfluous—yet mandatory—waste
for him and his peers. “There are a lot of folks just biding their
time and watching the debt accrue when they feel like they can
be working,” observes the 26-year-old. “The current system works
for some people, but it would be nice if there were other options.”
Laussade isn’t the only one questioning whether it’s time to re-
think legal education. After all, the standard law school sequence
has had the same format for nearly a century. It starts with large
lecture courses on torts, property, criminal law, and contracts,
which typically rely on Socratic questioning about appellate court
case studies. Over the next two years, additional core subjects like
constitutional law and evidence are offered as electives—perhaps
with a clinical course or externship—but similar methods remain.
Yet while this model is widespread, it isn’t necessarily effective:
A recent study by the Indiana University Center for Postsec-
ondary Research found that law students are increasingly dis-
engaged and work less as grad school progresses.
54 U.S.NEWS & WORLD REPORT • WWW.USNEWS.COM • APRIL 10, 2006
A municipal law class called Law
of Nations at New York City’s
Columbia College (now University)
School of Law in the 1880s
To critics, the problem isn’t just the often underwhelming
third-year experience; it’s that the current one-size-fits-all ap-
proach is a missed opportunity to give students more practi-
cal skills—or at least a range of offerings for those with vary-
ing post-J.D. goals, from business people or police officers who
merely want a background in law to aspiring corporate liti-
gators. “There’s a lot of homogeneity out there,” says Richard
Sander, a law professor at the University of California–Los An-
geles. Law schools, he says, aren’t really held accountable by
anyone but the American Bar Association, the profession’s
main gatekeeper and accrediting body, which he views as a
largely conservative force more likely to protect the status quo
than to encourage innovation and experimentation. The bot-
tom line? “We’re not turning out people who know how to
practice law,” charges Sander, coauthor of an influential 2001
article, “The Happy Charade: An Empirical Examination of
the Third Year of Law School,” which proposed, among other
things, eliminating or restructuring the final year.
Legal ed hasn’t always been this uniform. Up until the early
20th century, there were myriad paths to the law, from self-
study or apprenticeship with an established attorney to at-
tending an institution like the Tapping Reeve Law School (the
nation’s first, founded in 1784), which taught 139 areas of the
law in 14 months or so. The current three-year, Socratic model
was developed at Harvard in the late 19th century and spread
quickly from there, but there were also a number of less rig-
orous, less expensive, for-profit night schools that catered to
immigrants and others of modest means. Regardless of prepa-
ARTHUR W. DIAMOND LAW LIBRARY
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 Been there? Special Report • America’s Best Graduate Schools

Done that?
You can do more at UMUC.
ration, all would-be lawyers had to do to enter the profession
was pass a relatively quick, simple bar test.
That is, until the aba came along. Founded in 1878, the group

Still want more? circulated the first standards for legal education in 1921 and
soon persuaded both schools and states to comply with its new,
more stringent requirements. In 1927, for example, just one
state mandated that prospective law students have a college
education of any sort; by 1942, nearly all required at least two
years of undergraduate study. During roughly the same time
period, the number of states that allowed only graduates from
aba-approved institutions to sit for the bar exam rose from zero
to 41. Today, the association sets benchmarks for everything
from the size and makeup of faculties and library collections to
the quality of academic buildings. And the vast majority of
schools do whatever it takes—whether it’s devoting tens of mil-
lions of dollars to capital improvements or sticking to the rec-

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Copyright © 2006 University of Maryland University College
University of Dayton law student Deepak Kulkarni will get through quickly.
ommended curriculum—to secure the group’s seal of approval.
Some in the field argue that if the aba would just loosen
its stranglehold, schools could better serve a wider range of
students. “Right now, we require everybody to get a sophis-
ticated, expensive legal education—to buy the Lexus train-
ing, when most people would be content with a Corolla edu-
cation,” says reform proponent George Shepherd, a professor
at Emory Law School, noting that the pricey accreditation proc-
ess keeps tuitions high—more than $35,000 a year at some
elite private schools—and deters prospective applicants from
working- and even middle-class backgrounds. “Why not make
law more like accounting or business, where you can start off
in the profession without a cpa or M.B.A. and then, if you want
to do more complicated things, go and get the degree later on?”
he asks, suggesting, for instance, that attorneys who perform
relatively simple tasks like writing wills don’t need three long,
costly years of school. He adds that the average debt for a newly
minted J.D., some $80,000 in federal and private loans, forces
many graduates to opt out of lower-paying public-interest jobs.
The ABA’s role. Not surprisingly, the aba disagrees with the as-
sertion that it is part of the problem. The group’s approval serves
“a consumer protection role,” assuring applicants that they’ll
receive a quality legal education, argues John Sebert, the aba’s
consultant on legal education. The accreditation process merely
establishes loose, minimum standards, he says: “Schools have
a huge amount of leeway as to what they provide and how they
provide it.” Moreover, the system has changed with the times,
SCOTT GOLDSMITH FOR USN&WR
Sebert maintains, citing the recent scaling
back of the “residency requirement,”
which now allows institutions to admin-
ister J.D. programs in no less than 24
months, as opposed to the previously man-
dated six semesters. (He suggests that the
greatest barrier to innovation in the field
is not the aba but the fact that graduates
must pass state bar exams, which test a
wide range of substantive areas that
schools feel they need to cover.)
Still, some detractors believe that aba
requirements are designed to protect pro-
fessors and current practitioners, as op-
posed to students, and are tantamount to
a monopoly. “It’s impossible to innovate—
to open up access—
within the system,” as-
serts antitrust expert Critics say
Lawrence Velvel, who
cofounded the Massa- today’s one-
chusetts School of Law
in Andover in 1988 to size-fits-all
address the needs of
underserved popula- approach to
tions—namely those
who couldn’t afford the legal education
rising price of legal ed.
The institution, which doesn’t serve
is accredited by two re-
gional bodies, does not students well.
require the lsat for
admission and keeps tuition relatively af-
fordable ($6,150 a semester for full-time
students) by relying on a mostly adjunct
faculty, basic facilities, and a largely elec-
tronic library. When the law school was
denied aba certification in 1993, admin-
istrators promptly sued the organization
for antitrust violations. Although the
school lost, the Justice Department
brought its own suit against the aba in
1995, which was ultimately settled by con-
sent decree; the group did not admit any
wrongdoing but agreed to alter some of its
procedures—most notably, to stop sharing
information about professors’ salaries, in
order to prevent price fixing.
To be sure, it is possible for interest-
ed, motivated students from all back-
grounds to launch legal careers outside
the aba system. In places like Vermont
and Virginia, for instance, they can study
on their own while working at a firm.
And graduates of unaccredited institu-
tions have no problem practicing local-
ly in the minority of states that allow
non-aba grads to take the bar—as long
as they pass. Others aren’t concerned
about actually practicing law; they sim-
ply want to apply their newly acquired
legal know-how to other professions.
But it’s no wonder that so few people
actually take an alternative route. Chal-
lenges abound, not only because some
firms look askance at grads of unac-
credited or regionally accredited schools
but also because there are numerous re-
strictions on where such alumni can
practice. Graduates of the Massachu-
setts School of Law, for example, can
take the bar (and thus be permitted to
practice) only in Massachusetts and a
half-dozen or so other states. Nontradi-
tional grads face similar problems even
in California, which has a more open
market than many places. While the
Golden State doesn’t require those who
sign up for its notoriously difficult bar
exam to have attended an aba-endorsed
school, students at its other two dozen-
plus legal-education
institutions who pass
the bar may have trou-
ble practicing else-
where (because most
states extend reciproc-
ity agreements only to
graduates of aba-ap-
proved schools). And
that’s if they pass: Just
25 percent of first-time
test-takers from non-
aba-accredited schools
passed the California
bar between February
2003 and July 2005,
compared with 67 percent from aba-
approved schools. This year, the hands-down-choice
Alternatives. For American Airlines band for the Honda Civic Tour was
pilot Mitch Whatley, the risks of taking The Black Eyed Peas. Their funky style
the road less traveled are well worth it. and off-the-hook energy are a perfect
The 50-year-old father of three started
off attending a traditional institution match for the 2006 Civic, redesigned
part time from his home in Southlake, with more spirit, performance savvy
Texas, but soon decided that he couldn’t and flat-out fun than ever. As part
justify the commute—and the cost— of the tour, The Peas got to add their
given the program’s poor quality. He unique flair to a shiny new Civic Hybrid.
opted instead to enroll at the Concord
Law School, an entirely virtual institu- To view their customized ride and
tion that is not accredited by the aba and get info on when The Peas will be
offers both a traditional juris doctor and driving their groove to your town,
a shorter “executive juris doctor” pro- go to hondacivictour.com.
gram for those who do not intend to
practice. “Yes, it’s a little more difficult
to move forward, logistically speaking,
but I really have no choice—I couldn’t do
it any other way,” says Whatley, who
graduated in January after four years of
study, traveled to California to take the
bar shortly afterward, and now intends
to work in his home state the only way
he can: by taking the patent bar exam Looking for a ride with a planet-friendly vibe?
and practicing in federal court. Check out the all-new, Ultra-Low-Emission
Of course, the vast majority of students gas/electric Civic Hybrid.
do attend one of the 191 aba-approved in-
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that the calls for change are having an im-
pact on the inside, as well. For example,
the recent shift in the organization’s resi-
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Special Report • America’s Best Graduate Schools
dency policy allowed the University of Dayton School of Law in
Ohio to launch the country’s first five-semester J.D. program last
fall. It will push students through the same number of courses in
two school years and a summer instead of three years. Tuition
will be the same, but the compressed program will save students
a year of living expenses. “There’s definitely not going to be any
room for senioritis,” says Deepak Kulkarni, 26, who applied to 11
law schools and chose Dayton largely because it will allow him
to get back into the labor force sooner rather than later. “We’re
finally able to think more outside of the box,” says Lori Shaw, as-
sistant dean for student affairs. The school has introduced other
reforms as well, including a mandatory externship and a skills
test, based on the medical-school model, which will ensure that
students can take depositions, negotiate, and the like before they
are allowed to graduate.
A few other institutions have launched similar, large-scale
Columbia’s first law dean, Theodore Dwight, with students
innovations. The University of Montana School of Law’s re-
quired clinical program, for instance, places third-years in pub-
lic-interest organizations such as the Missoula City Attorney’s
Office or the Rocky Mountain Elk Foundation, so they can prac-
tice what they’ve learned in their first two years under the su-
pervision of professors or working attorneys. There’s also been
a move toward increased specialization at schools like ucla,
which currently offers concentrations in areas such as envi-
ronmental and native nations law. The aim is to provide a set
of required and elective courses that are linked to and build on
one another—like copyright, intellectual property, motion pic-
ture distribution, and a seminar on “digital wars” in enter-
tainment and media law—so graduates will have a leg up in their
particular field of choice from the get-go, in terms of both
knowledge and a skills base.
However the field of legal education evolves, it’s worth pon-
dering the advice of Abraham Lincoln, who famously studied the
field on his own in Illinois before acing his “bar exam”—a 10-
minute discussion with a local judge—and going on to practice
for 25 years prior to being elected president. In an 1858 letter
to a young man with dreams of entering the profession, he of-
fered this counsel: “If you wish to be a lawyer, attach no conse-
quence to the place you are in, or the person you are with; but get
books, sit down anywhere, and go to reading for yourself.” Even
for the bulk of students who flock to aba-approved schools, the
notion that it’s not so much where you train but how commit-
ted you are to that preparation still rings true today. l
ARTHUR W. DIAMOND LAW LIBRARY
The Ranking Methodology
By Robert J. Morse and Samuel Flanigan
ach year, U.S. News ranks professional-school
programs in business, education, engineering,
law, and medicine. These rankings are based on
two types of data: expert opinion about program
quality, and statistical indicators that measure
the quality of a school’s faculty, research, and
students. For the rankings in all five areas, in-
dicator and opinion data come from surveys of
more than 1,200 programs and some 9,600 aca-
demics and professionals conducted in fall 2005.
To gather the opinion data, we asked deans, program direc-
tors, and senior faculty to judge the academic quality of pro-
grams in their field on a scale of 1 (“marginal”) to 5 (“out-
standing”). We also surveyed professionals who hire new
graduates. The statistical indicators fall into two categories: in-
puts, or measures of the qualities that students and faculty bring
to the educational experience; and outputs, measures of grad-
uates’ achievements linked to their
degrees. Different output measures
are available for different fields; as Our rankings combine
a result, the indicators vary. In busi-
ness, the value of students’ educa- expert opinion and
tion can be gauged by their starting
salaries after graduation and by how statistical indicators.
long it takes them to find jobs. In law, we look at the time it takes
new lawyers to land jobs, plus state bar exam passage rates.
Scoring. To arrive at a school’s rank, we examined the data
for each quality indicator. The weights applied to the indica-
tors reflect our judgment about their relative importance, as
determined in consultation with experts in each field. The final
scores were rescaled: The highest-scoring school was assigned
100, and the other schools’ scores were recalculated as a per-
centage of that top score. A school with an overall score of 100
did not necessarily top out on every indicator; rather, it ac-
cumulated the highest composite score. A school’s rank re-
flects the number of schools that sit above it; if three schools
are tied at 1, the next school will be ranked 4, not 2.
We also rank programs in the sciences, social sciences, and
humanities. These rankings are based solely on the ratings
of academic experts. For the first time since 2002, we’ve up-
dated our rankings of Ph.D. programs in the sciences. And
we’ve produced new rankings of master’s programs in library
and information studies for the first time since 1999. These
rankings and more details about
the methodology can be found at
www.usnews.com/grad and in the
2007 edition of our America’s Best
Graduate Schools guidebook. l
With Meadow Yerkie

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 Special Report • America’s Best Graduate Schools

Schools of Business
THE TOP SCHOOLS
Peer Recruiter ’05 ’05 ’05 average ’05 Employed ’05 ’05
assessment assessment average average ’05 starting graduates 3 months out-of-state total
Overall score score undergrad GMAT acceptance salary employed at after tuition full-time
Rank/School score (5.0 highest) (5.0 highest) GPA score rate and bonus graduation graduation and fees enrollment
1. Harvard University (MA) 100 4.7 4.6 3.64 707 15.7% $116,730 88.1% 94.3% $37,500 1,821
2. Stanford University (CA) 99 4.8 4.6 3.56 712 10.8% $117,456 78.1% 93.0% $41,340 748
3. University of Pennsylvania (Wharton) 98 4.8 4.6 3.52 714 21.1% $116,882 82.4% 91.8% $42,154 1,626
4. Massachusetts Institute of Technology (Sloan) 93 4.7 4.4 3.50 700 22.0% $112,632 77.9% 91.3% $40,044 752
Northwestern University (Kellogg) (IL) 93 4.7 4.5 3.45 700 24.2% $110,435 79.0% 92.2% $38,844 1,067
6. University of Chicago 92 4.6 4.4 3.50 701 N/A $113,024 82.2% 93.0% $39,382 1,093
7. Columbia University (NY) 88 4.4 4.2 3.40 706 15.0% $113,184 79.0% 92.0% $39,770 1,180
University of California–Berkeley (Haas) 88 4.5 4.1 3.49 702 23.1% $105,848 74.4% 94.1% $35,856 492
9. Dartmouth College (Tuck) (NH) 87 4.4 4.1 3.30 699 23.7% $116,380 78.5% 93.3% $38,640 504
10. University of California–Los Angeles (Anderson) 84 4.1 4.0 3.57 700 30.6% $100,004 77.1% 94.2% $33,595 657
11. Duke University (Fuqua) (NC) 83 4.3 4.1 3.42 701 45.6% $104,081 76.2% 90.0% $39,089 823
University of Michigan–Ann Arbor (Ross) 83 4.4 4.2 3.32 690 32.3% $108,231 78.7% 87.0% $38,989 882
13. New York University (Stern) 81 4.1 3.8 3.40 699 24.5% $108,790 78.9% 90.6% $37,700 775
University of Virginia (Darden) 81 4.1 4.3 3.29 668 49.1% $107,546 82.9% 95.4% $37,300 617
15. Yale University (CT) 78 4.1 4.0 3.42 683 28.1% $100,108 73.1% 89.4% $36,980 438
16. Carnegie Mellon University (Tepper) (PA) 76 3.9 4.1 3.38 692 35.1% $99,514 72.2% 88.9% $39,184 316
Cornell University (Johnson) (NY) 76 4.1 4.1 3.31 660 34.4% $104,010 77.0% 88.5% $37,700 579
18. Emory University (Goizueta) (GA) 73 3.7 3.6 3.50 681 39.5% $93,675 70.2% 93.5% $36,156 345
University of Texas–Austin (McCombs) 73 3.8 4.0 3.38 672 39.4% $94,628 72.6% 90.0% $34,130 575
20. Univ. of North Carolina–Chapel Hill (Kenan-Flagler) 70 3.9 3.8 3.22 672 49.9% $100,272 72.6% 86.3% $35,595 549
21. Purdue University–West Lafayette (Krannert) (IN) 68 3.6 3.8 3.35 657 49.0% $91,705 73.6% 91.5% $28,576 237
22. Ohio State University (Fisher) 67 3.5 3.2 3.44 662 49.2% $87,683 83.9% 95.4% $30,453 261
23. Indiana University–Bloomington (Kelley) 66 3.7 3.9 3.33 646 39.7% $93,922 72.4% 82.9% $28,550 387
Michigan State University (Broad) 66 3.4 3.6 3.36 637 32.5% $87,537 84.6% 94.9% $23,830 186
University of Minnesota–Twin Cities (Carlson) 66 3.6 3.0 3.33 650 48.1% $90,879 87.9% 96.7% $32,820 202
26. University of Rochester (Simon) (NY) 65 3.4 3.5 3.45 659 36.8% $93,754 66.2% 88.2% $35,085 272
Washington University in St. Louis (Olin) 65 3.6 3.8 3.30 636 55.7% $88,909 75.3% 90.7% $35,205 260
28. University of Illinois–Urbana-Champaign 64 3.5 3.3 3.40 647 52.6% $80,041 77.3% 95.9% $25,218 192
29. University of Southern California (Marshall) 63 3.9 3.3 3.30 677 38.0% $90,264 56.2% 81.8% $70,164 ** 503
University of Washington 63 3.4 3.3 3.38 672 43.4% $82,568 67.1% 95.3% $25,224 226
31. Texas A&M University–College Station (Mays) 62 3.1 3.3 3.44 635 42.8% $81,076 88.1% 96.6% $31,482 ** 149
University of Notre Dame (Mendoza) (IN) 62 3.4 3.6 3.30 662 50.5% $88,189 58.1% 93.1% $32,395 309
University of Wisconsin–Madison 62 3.5 3.3 3.36 659 39.6% $80,524 71.9% 92.1% $26,964 229
34. Arizona State University–Main Campus (Carey) 61 3.4 3.3 3.47 632 48.0% $79,003 78.0% 92.0% $25,325 183
Brigham Young University (Marriott) (UT) 61 3.0 3.3 3.51 660 56.3% $81,289 81.0% 91.4% $11,236 241
Georgetown University (McDonough) (DC) 61 3.3 3.6 3.22 658 47.4% $99,768 63.8% 88.3% $34,228 498
Georgia Institute of Technology 61 3.1 3.7 3.32 657 40.5% $78,877 75.0% 94.4% $24,814 136
38. Pennsylvania State Univ.–University Park (Smeal) 59 3.3 3.6 3.33 652 37.9% $85,501 60.4% 87.9% $28,676 139
University of California–Irvine (Merage) 59 3.2 3.5 3.38 678 40.2% $74,022 61.9% 90.5% $35,825 177
University of Maryland–College Park (Smith) 59 3.4 3.3 3.29 641 41.7% $85,493 65.4% 91.5% $35,355 260
41. Boston College (Carroll) 58 3.2 3.4 3.30 643 41.8% $81,859 74.0% 92.2% $1,020 * 177
Southern Methodist University (Cox) (TX) 58 3.2 3.6 3.25 644 56.6% $86,950 70.8% 90.3% $33,289 145
University of Florida (Warrington) 58 3.3 3.2 3.32 674 38.8% $70,589 75.0% 90.4% $21,858 98
44. Boston University 57 3.0 3.3 3.29 655 44.8% $84,951 73.0% 91.9% $30,916 288
Rice University (Jones) (TX) 57 3.1 3.7 3.24 602 62.0% $92,183 70.7% 92.5% $32,820 292
46. University of California–Davis 56 3.1 3.5 3.30 673 29.7% $77,894 67.4% 84.8% $34,005 117
University of Georgia (Terry) 56 3.2 3.2 3.30 651 36.2% $75,349 70.3% 92.2% $23,126 128
48. University of Pittsburgh (Katz) 55 3.2 3.5 3.32 624 54.9% $69,767 68.1% 92.8% $41,272 ** 185
49. Babson College (Olin) (MA) 53 3.3 3.6 3.14 623 69.1% $83,192 57.1% 88.9% $31,544 428
Tulane University1 (Freeman) (LA) 53 3.1 3.0 3.35 655 60.4% $78,224 62.5% 87.5% N/A N/A
Vanderbilt University (Owen) (TN) 53 3.4 3.3 3.25 624 51.4% $90,731 58.5% 80.7% $34,516 374

Sources: U.S. News and the schools. Assessment data collected by Synovate. Note: N/A means that the data were not provided by the school. *Tuition is per credit. **Tuition is reported for the
complete degree program. 1Tulane University was unable to complete the survey because of damage from Hurricane Katrina. Last year’s data were used to calculate Tulane’s ranking and are dis-
played here, with the exception of tuition.

The latest comprehensive Graduate School Rankings are available at www.usnews.com/grad

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 Special Report • America’s Best Graduate Schools

Schools of Education
THE TOP SCHOOLS
Peer Superintendent ’05 mean ’05 ’05 Ph.D.’s & ’05 ’05 ’05 funded
assessment assessment GRE scores Ph.D. & Ed.D. student/ Ed.D.’s % Ph.D. funded research/
Overall score score verbal/ acceptance faculty granted & Ed.D. research faculty member
Rank/School score (5.0 highest) (5.0 highest) quantitative1 rate ratio2 2004-05 students (millions) (thousands)
1. Harvard University (MA) 100 4.4 4.7 649/699 14.6% 19.4 47 37.8% $16.9 $469.8
2. Teachers College, Columbia University (NY) 98 4.3 4.7 567/640 25.8% 11.4 211 36.0% $35.0 $255.8
University of California–Los Angeles 98 4.1 4.3 558/601 30.9% 14.9 69 46.9% $30.7 $613.8
4. Stanford University (CA) 96 4.6 4.6 640/680 10.4% 10.0 30 40.1% $15.9 $378.9
5. Vanderbilt University (Peabody) (TN) 94 4.3 4.5 629/708 12.5% 6.3 34 47.0% $23.9 $281.4
6. University of California–Berkeley 85 4.4 4.4 581/607 22.8% 12.3 41 58.7% $15.3 $449.0
7. University of Pennsylvania 84 3.8 4.1 600/663 20.4% 9.4 49 34.7% $16.1 $423.1
University of Wisconsin–Madison 84 4.4 4.4 533/619 38.7% 4.1 92 52.2% $26.2 $162.5
9. University of Michigan–Ann Arbor 83 4.2 4.1 576/641 23.4% 9.4 34 61.0% $17.2 $318.6
10. Northwestern University (IL) 82 3.9 4.3 631/709 13.5% 6.4 8 31.7% $9.1 $395.7
11. New York University (Steinhardt) 80 3.6 4.1 581/634 11.6% 11.6 123 16.8% $28.8 $171.6
University of Minnesota–Twin Cities 80 4.0 4.1 523/610 49.1% 7.6 111 56.4% $25.4 $206.2
University of Washington 80 3.8 3.9 531/577 * 42.1% 8.0 29 38.5% $27.1 $492.6
14. Michigan State University 76 4.2 4.2 538/630 48.0% 6.2 80 52.9% $19.9 $174.6
15. University of Oregon 73 3.4 4.1 482/586 14.6% 11.7 34 29.5% $26.1 $483.0
University of Texas–Austin 73 3.9 4.3 531/594 38.6% 7.1 130 62.5% $20.9 $168.9
17. Indiana University–Bloomington 72 3.9 4.0 542/650 43.6% 5.2 89 55.6% $18.4 $180.5
18. University of Illinois–Urbana-Champaign 70 4.2 3.9 563/681 41.1% 4.9 65 51.8% $8.7 $91.7
19. Boston College (Lynch) 69 3.6 4.0 569/601 13.5% 10.1 50 27.5% $12.0 $199.3
University of Virginia (Curry) 69 3.9 4.2 548/617 50.4% 8.7 97 45.7% $11.6 $135.3
21. George Washington University (DC) 68 3.4 4.1 518/574 55.3% 10.2 62 38.3% $16.2 $384.9
University of Connecticut (Neag) 68 3.5 4.0 557/644 28.4% 6.8 42 32.9% $15.5 $292.5
University of Georgia 68 3.8 4.1 528/617 38.0% 5.2 141 37.7% $16.4 $87.1
24. Ohio State University 67 3.8 4.1 485/599 39.0% 4.1 82 44.2% $17.4 $156.6
University of Kansas 67 3.6 3.9 500/550 44.9% N/A 53 36.5% $21.6 $251.1
University of Maryland–College Park 67 3.9 3.8 525/603 36.1% 7.1 59 55.0% $16.5 $163.7
27. University of Iowa 66 3.5 4.0 511/608 32.9% 6.1 56 53.6% $16.0 $181.3
University of Southern California (Rossier) 66 3.6 3.9 491/535 56.6% 35.1 194 61.8% $11.7 $402.0
29. Pennsylvania State University–University Park 65 3.8 4.1 518/588 38.9% 5.2 90 69.3% $9.8 $84.8
University of North Carolina–Chapel Hill 65 3.8 4.3 532/570 51.7% 7.8 32 43.1% $10.5 $214.8
31. University of Pittsburgh 64 3.5 4.0 498/522 61.3% 6.3 54 36.9% $15.5 $227.9
32. Arizona State University–Main Campus 62 3.6 4.0 522/600 28.8% 7.6 77 41.8% $12.7 $140.7
Johns Hopkins University (MD) 62 3.8 4.6 458/520 44.4% 11.8 8 3.1% $6.1 $267.4
Lehigh University (PA) 62 3.1 4.0 565/611 20.9% 7.5 23 28.9% $11.1 $370.5
35. Temple University (PA) 60 3.1 4.0 553/540 32.0% 2.4 66 33.5% $14.9 $194.0
University of Florida 60 3.6 3.6 554/660 44.9% 7.5 50 40.0% $7.1 $87.8
University of Tennessee–Knoxville 60 3.3 4.0 513/580 61.8% 3.7 47 33.2% $22.5 $189.5
Utah State University 60 2.9 3.3 518/603 15.2% 2.8 21 29.6% $30.6 $265.7
39. Cornell University (NY) 59 3.4 4.6 570/639 30.6% 5.8 7 46.4% $1.0 $86.5
University of Delaware 59 3.1 3.8 604/651 32.2% 3.1 15 38.5% $11.0 $239.9
University of Missouri–Columbia 59 3.4 3.7 500/601 32.0% 7.9 73 31.3% $14.4 $173.5
42. University of Illinois–Chicago 58 3.5 3.9 516/553 59.1% 3.3 19 33.7% $12.3 $260.9
43. Rutgers State University–New Brunswick (NJ) 57 3.2 4.0 524/601 29.3% 6.7 19 30.2% $10.6 $185.7
University of Colorado–Boulder 57 3.6 3.7 577/602 26.1% 4.0 7 21.8% $4.8 $179.0
45. Texas A&M University–College Station 56 3.4 4.1 480/545 62.2% 3.9 83 60.5% $12.3 $108.6
46. Purdue University–West Lafayette (IN) 55 3.4 4.2 489/630 34.7% 2.6 31 61.8% $3.4 $50.1
University of Oklahoma 55 3.0 3.7 482/552 13.1% 7.6 27 48.8% $14.9 $270.5
Washington University in St. Louis 55 3.2 3.9 591/647 * 13.3% 3.5 2 23.9% $1.6 $144.0
49. Syracuse University (NY) 54 3.4 3.9 551/621 40.9% 6.8 25 35.9% $5.8 $120.4
50. University of Massachusetts–Amherst 53 3.4 3.8 507/558 54.5% 7.6 46 40.9% $6.5 $133.5
University of North Carolina–Greensboro 53 3.1 3.9 501/520 33.3% 2.1 38 26.0% $14.3 $82.1

Sources: U.S. News and the schools. Assessment data collected by Synovate. Note: N/A means that information was not available. *School could not break out GRE scores for doctoral students;
average scores for all entering students are shown. 1GRE scores are for doctoral students only. 2Student/faculty ratio is for all full-time degree-seeking students and faculty.

The latest comprehensive Graduate School Rankings are available at www.usnews.com/grad

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 Special Report • America’s Best Graduate Schools

Schools of Engineering
THE TOP SCHOOLS
’05 faculty ’05 engineering ’05 research
Peer Recruiter ’05 ’05 membership school expenditures Ph.D.’s ’05 total
assessment assessment average accept- ’05 Ph.D. in National research per faculty granted graduate
Overall score score quantitative ance students/ Academy of expenditures member 2004– engineering
Rank/School score (5.0 highest) (5.0 highest) GRE score rate faculty Engineering (in millions) (in thousands) 2005 enrollment
1. Massachusetts Institute of Technology 100 4.9 4.8 775 25.4% 4.4 13.2% $224.8 $622.7 273 2,717
2. Stanford University (CA) 95 4.9 4.6 778 35.8% 5.1 14.8% $142.7 $689.3 260 3,218
3. University of California–Berkeley 86 4.8 4.6 773 17.5% 4.5 21.0% $118.0 $477.8 201 1,694
4. Georgia Institute of Technology 85 4.5 4.3 760 33.8% 4.1 5.0% $202.2 $426.6 275 3,685
5. University of Illinois–Urbana-Champaign 82 4.5 4.3 773 19.9% 4.1 2.2% $195.8 $473.0 220 2,507
6. Purdue University–West Lafayette (IN) 80 4.2 4.1 751 36.5% 4.0 5.1% $211.6 $676.0 183 2,273
University of Michigan–Ann Arbor 80 4.5 4.1 770 42.3% 4.4 4.0% $157.4 $507.6 226 2,390
8. Carnegie Mellon University (PA) 78 4.3 4.3 772 24.8% 4.4 8.6% $142.3 $711.7 136 1,570
9. University of Southern California (Viterbi) 76 3.7 3.6 749 48.5% 5.7 14.1% $157.4 $965.4 91 3,560
10. California Institute of Technology 75 4.7 4.6 790 10.9% 5.3 10.1% $51.2 $538.5 74 577
11. Cornell University (NY) 73 4.3 4.3 760 22.4% 4.2 8.7% $112.2 $544.8 116 1,234
University of California–San Diego (Jacobs) 73 3.8 3.9 764 21.8% 4.9 11.0% $128.8 $805.2 68 1,147
13. University of Texas–Austin 69 4.2 4.1 760 28.6% 3.7 8.8% $106.9 $464.6 143 2,059
14. Texas A&M University–College Station (Look) 68 3.7 3.7 740 44.4% 3.0 3.5% $179.0 $675.4 148 2,187
15. University of California–Los Angeles (Samueli) 66 3.7 3.8 766 34.6% 5.2 11.4% $88.3 $605.1 137 1,256
University of Maryland–College Park (Clark) 66 3.6 3.7 760 24.0% 4.5 5.3% $145.3 $637.1 149 1,943
University of Wisconsin–Madison 66 4.1 3.8 779 21.2% 3.4 4.5% $123.2 $528.9 72 1,517
18. Princeton University (NJ) 63 4.1 4.2 782 17.0% 3.3 12.6% $54.7 $437.9 72 449
19. Pennsylvania State University–University Park 60 3.9 3.8 752 34.1% 2.8 2.8% $121.0 $387.9 150 1,549
20. Columbia University (Fu Foundation) (NY) 58 3.6 3.8 767 37.8% 3.8 9.0% $75.0 $563.8 58 1,220
21. Harvard University (MA) 57 3.6 3.9 772 12.8% 4.5 13.6% $33.2 $581.6 20 302
Johns Hopkins University (Whiting) (MD) 57 4.0 3.9 767 18.4% 3.9 1.5% $53.2 $385.4 71 2,723
Northwestern University (McCormick) (IL) 57 3.9 3.8 751 25.1% 3.8 5.1% $78.2 $446.7 83 1,195
University of California–Santa Barbara 57 3.5 3.5 762 20.8% 4.4 16.5% $69.1 $544.3 78 694
University of Washington 57 3.7 3.7 733 34.5% 4.2 5.3% $91.8 $482.9 95 1,451
26. Ohio State University 55 3.6 3.5 762 25.4% 2.8 2.4% $106.8 $420.6 96 1,235
University of Florida 55 3.5 3.7 752 53.6% 4.2 1.8% $92.1 $341.1 145 2,041
28. University of Minnesota–Twin Cities 54 3.8 3.7 761 40.3% 3.8 5.9% $63.1 $280.4 115 1,631
29. Rice University (Brown) (TX) 53 3.7 3.8 757 21.7% 4.8 7.8% $33.1 $337.3 65 548
30. Duke University (NC) 52 3.6 3.8 760 26.6% 3.6 1.8% $55.4 $522.4 47 514
Virginia Tech 52 3.7 3.8 770 26.7% 2.6 2.1% $56.1 $183.4 113 1,817
32. University of Pennsylvania 51 3.5 3.6 757 31.4% 4.2 6.1% $47.1 $457.1 41 1,036
33. North Carolina State University 50 3.4 3.4 751 25.7% 3.0 3.8% $93.0 $330.8 97 1,795
Washington University in St. Louis (Sever) 50 3.3 3.6 760 32.5% 3.2 6.8% $53.3 $605.2 33 862
35. University of California–Davis 49 3.4 3.5 756 31.5% 4.1 5.6% $60.0 $340.9 72 1,116
University of Rochester (NY) 49 2.7 3.0 763 15.7% 3.4 1.2% $99.1 $1,208.9 42 368
37. Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (NY) 48 3.6 3.8 754 31.5% 3.0 5.5% $41.7 $249.5 82 1,083
38. University of Virginia 47 3.4 3.4 741 20.5% 3.3 6.8% $50.6 $383.4 55 767
39. University of Colorado–Boulder 46 3.4 3.4 745 63.5% 3.0 4.8% $57.6 $364.6 69 1,461
Yale University (CT) 46 3.3 3.8 769 13.6% 2.8 8.2% $24.4 $321.4 22 222
41. University of California–Irvine (Samueli) 44 3.2 3.4 751 24.1% 4.5 5.3% $44.5 $315.9 45 965
42. Boston University 43 2.9 3.2 767 26.7% 3.9 3.4% $51.4 $472.0 56 682
Case Western Reserve University (OH) 43 3.3 3.4 758 28.0% 2.4 2.6% $40.6 $369.2 65 634
Dartmouth College (Thayer) (NH) 43 3.1 3.5 767 14.7% 2.3 2.4% $19.2 $493.0 22 186
Iowa State University 43 3.3 3.6 742 18.7% 2.3 1.0% $58.6 $277.6 62 878
University of Delaware 43 2.9 3.5 749 26.3% 4.5 3.2% $35.1 $369.5 61 708
47. Arizona State University (Fulton) 42 3.3 3.4 751 45.2% 3.1 3.2% $44.9 $245.5 63 1,498
Lehigh University (Rossin) (PA) 42 3.1 3.5 766 31.6% 2.8 7.5% $31.3 $256.7 53 576
Rutgers State University–New Brunswick (NJ) 42 3.1 3.2 745 23.5% 1.5 3.9% $82.7 $397.8 51 890
Vanderbilt University (TN) 42 3.2 3.4 757 13.5% 3.6 1.2% $33.7 $400.9 23 386

Sources: U.S. News, the schools. Assessment data collected by Synovate.

The latest comprehensive Graduate School Rankings are available at www.usnews.com/grad

 e n t i o n to
Att

 ETHICS 
usually isn’ t front-page news
But we don’t mind

L ong before the rise of corporate scandals, the

University of Virginia’s Darden School of
Business taught the inextricable link between
business and ethics. It’s no coincidence then that
Business Week ranked us 4th nationally in the
category of ethics.
Along with a required ethics course, MBA students
take part in an organization unique to Darden:
the Olsson Center for Applied Ethics. Here,
students take on the challenge of integrating
ethical thinking into business decision-making.
This training teaches students to uphold the
highest standards, whether it results in front-page
news or not. www.darden.virginia.edu

Are you Darden material?

 Special Report • America’s Best Graduate Schools

Schools of Law
THE TOP 100 SCHOOLS
’05 School’s
Peer Assessment undergrad ’05 LSAT ’05 ’04 grads Employed bar Jurisdiction’s
assessment score by GPA score ’05 student/ employed 9 months passage overall bar
Overall score lawyers/judges 25th-75th 25th-75th acceptance faculty at after rate in passage
Rank/School score (5.0 highest) (5.0 highest) percentile percentile rate ratio graduation graduation jurisdiction rate
1. Yale University (CT) 100 4.9 4.9 3.79-3.95 168-175 6.2% 7.8 97.3% 98.9% 94.2%/NY 75%
2. Stanford University (CA) 92 4.8 4.8 3.80-3.96 167-172 7.8% 9.2 98.9% 98.9% 91.8%/CA 61%
3. Harvard University (MA) 91 4.9 4.8 3.68-3.92 170-176 11.5% 11.0 97.1% 99.5% 95.9%/NY 75%
4. Columbia University (NY) 86 4.7 4.6 3.50-3.80 168-173 14.6% 11.7 99.3% 99.3% 93.9%/NY 75%
New York University 86 4.6 4.5 3.60-3.89 168-172 21.0% 11.1 96.3% 99.4% 97.1%/NY 75%
6. University of Chicago 81 4.7 4.6 3.46-3.80 168-172 14.7% 9.5 98.9% 99.5% 98.7%/IL 85%
7. University of Pennsylvania 79 4.4 4.4 3.43-3.85 166-171 12.5% 12.8 99.2% 99.2% 93.2%/NY 75%
8. University of California–Berkeley 78 4.5 4.5 3.67-3.90 164-169 10.3% 14.2 96.8% 99.8% 83.7%/CA 61%
University of Michigan–Ann Arbor 78 4.6 4.5 3.45-3.78 166-169 19.5% 16.9 95.0% 99.1% 95.8%/NY 75%
University of Virginia 78 4.5 4.6 3.53-3.83 167-171 20.2% 13.0 97.5% 98.9% 91.2%/VA 74%
11. Duke University (NC) 77 4.2 4.3 3.54-3.86 165-169 21.4% 12.6 95.1% 100.0% 94.9%/NY 75%
12. Northwestern University (IL) 76 4.1 4.1 3.46-3.78 167-171 16.7% 11.9 97.2% 99.1% 97.5%/IL 85%
13. Cornell University (NY) 74 4.2 4.1 3.50-3.80 165-168 20.6% 10.3 96.8% 98.4% 92.2%/NY 75%
14. Georgetown University (DC) 73 4.2 4.3 3.42-3.80 167-170 19.3% 14.7 90.0% 98.2% 92.5%/NY 75%
15. University of California–Los Angeles 71 4.0 3.9 3.51-3.82 162-169 16.1% 11.8 93.3% 99.7% 86.0%/CA 61%
16. University of Texas–Austin 69 4.1 4.1 3.41-3.83 161-168 18.7% 16.7 94.5% 97.6% 91.6%/TX 79%
17. University of Southern California (Gould) 68 3.8 3.5 3.51-3.78 164-167 20.3% 13.0 88.1% 99.0% 80.5%/CA 61%
Vanderbilt University (TN) 68 3.8 4.0 3.52-3.85 163-167 23.0% 16.4 91.6% 97.1% 90.5%/TN 82%
19. George Washington University (DC) 63 3.5 3.8 3.45-3.80 163-166 19.2% 15.1 94.0% 98.1% 87.2%/NY 75%
University of Minnesota–Twin Cities 63 3.6 3.7 3.30-3.78 162-167 28.2% 12.5 96.8% 98.6% 99.2%/MN 91%
Washington University in St. Louis 63 3.5 3.7 3.20-3.70 161-167 25.3% 13.2 87.7% 98.8% 95.9%/MO 88%
22. Boston University 62 3.4 3.5 3.48-3.77 163-166 24.5% 12.1 87.3% 99.3% 95.0%/MA 84%
University of Iowa 62 3.5 3.8 3.39-3.77 158-163 38.8% 12.2 88.2% 98.7% 89.1%/IA 86%
University of Notre Dame (IN) 62 3.3 3.7 3.28-3.78 163-167 18.2% 14.3 86.7% 98.3% 95.6%/IL 85%
Washington and Lee University (VA) 62 3.4 3.8 3.25-3.79 163-167 21.1% 10.5 76.9% 91.2% 85.7%/VA 74%
26. Emory University (GA) 61 3.4 3.8 3.28-3.63 161-165 29.1% 13.3 80.7% 98.7% 90.3%/GA 85%
27. Boston College 59 3.3 3.7 3.44-3.79 161-166 20.3% 13.9 71.4% 97.1% 92.6%/MA 84%
College of William and Mary (Marshall-Wythe) (VA) 59 3.3 3.6 3.31-3.80 160-165 22.4% 15.7 84.9% 96.2% 84.6%/VA 74%
University of Illinois–Urbana-Champaign 59 3.4 3.7 3.04-3.66 162-167 15.2% 12.6 72.1% 99.5% 89.7%/IL 85%
University of North Carolina–Chapel Hill 59 3.6 3.9 3.47-3.84 158-164 15.3% 16.9 72.0% 90.2% 84.6%/NC 75%
University of Washington 59 3.2 3.3 3.51-3.84 159-165 21.5% 10.9 88.9% 99.4% 89.4%/WA 79%
32. Fordham University (NY) 58 3.2 3.3 3.37-3.76 164-167 21.4% 15.9 86.0% 98.4% 87.4%/NY 75%
University of Wisconsin–Madison 58 3.5 3.5 3.30-3.77 158-163 23.5% 13.1 72.5% 97.3% 100.0%/WI 84%
34. Brigham Young University (Clark) (UT) 57 2.8 3.3 3.52-3.86 161-166 27.0% 18.9 83.2% 98.7% 91.4%/UT 90%
University of California–Davis 57 3.4 3.6 3.46-3.79 158-164 23.3% 13.5 81.3% 91.5% 75.7%/CA 61%
University of Georgia 57 3.1 3.4 3.28-3.80 158-164 23.3% 15.3 76.4% 98.9% 92.6%/GA 85%
37. George Mason University (VA) 56 2.8 3.2 3.15-3.83 158-166 15.1% 16.5 98.2% 99.6% 79.6%/VA 74%
Indiana University–Bloomington 56 3.2 3.7 3.03-3.72 158-164 38.1% 14.1 87.4% 95.6% 92.3%/IN 84%
39. Ohio State University (Moritz) 55 3.2 3.6 3.33-3.72 158-164 27.6% 14.1 74.3% 96.7% 91.4%/OH 81%
Wake Forest University (NC) 55 3.0 3.5 3.17-3.62 162-166 23.6% 10.2 77.2% 92.1% 88.2%/NC 75%
41. University of Florida (Levin) 54 3.2 3.5 3.40-3.86 157-164 23.6% 15.4 65.9% 96.0% 79.7%/FL 73%
42. University of Maryland 53 2.9 3.1 3.35-3.76 158-164 16.1% 11.9 78.0% 97.1% 78.2%/MD 72%
43. American University (Washington College of Law) (DC) 52 2.9 3.1 3.20-3.66 160-163 24.0% 14.3 83.2% 97.2% 84.9%/MD 72%
Southern Methodist University (TX) 52 2.6 3.2 3.31-3.86 155-164 22.7% 15.4 N/A 95.9% 87.5%/TX 79%
Tulane University2 (LA) 52 3.2 3.5 3.28-3.73 158-163 25.6% 18.8 75.4% 94.7% 69.9%/LA 88%
University of Alabama–Tuscaloosa 52 2.7 3.0 3.18-3.71 160-164 26.4% 10.3 64.2% 97.8% 96.7%/AL 81%
University of Arizona (Rogers) 52 3.1 3.1 3.28-3.78 159-164 23.6% 12.7 71.2% 92.9% 84.0%/AZ 74%
University of California (Hastings) 52 3.3 3.7 3.38-3.69 160-164 23.8% 20.4 57.4% 91.7% 80.7%/CA 61%
University of Colorado–Boulder 52 3.0 3.3 3.43-3.82 160-164 25.5% 12.7 72.3% 89.7% 87.0%/CO 74%
50. University of Connecticut 51 2.9 3.1 3.23-3.63 159-163 17.1% 11.8 62.0% 96.4% 93.8%/CT 82%
51. Baylor University (TX) 49 2.3 2.9 3.51-3.92 161-165 21.3% 16.9 67.4% 97.8% 91.4%/TX 79%
Case Western Reserve University (OH) 49 2.8 3.1 3.13-3.57 157-161 25.3% 14.7 72.6% 98.1% 87.7%/OH 81%
53. Arizona State University 48 2.9 3.0 3.10-3.69 154-161 27.3% 11.1 N/A 94.2% 75.3%/AZ 74%
Cardozo-Yeshiva University (NY) 48 2.7 2.7 3.19-3.72 162-166 23.5% 15.8 73.7% 97.1% 79.8%/NY 75%
Florida State University 48 2.8 2.9 3.21-3.67 158-161 22.5% 13.8 85.0% 98.9% 77.0%/FL 73%
University of Cincinnati 48 2.5 2.9 3.29-3.83 156-162 36.7% 11.8 71.0% 96.3% 89.4%/OH 81%
57. University of Utah (S.J. Quinney) 47 2.8 2.8 3.46-3.81 158-162 30.5% 11.5 68.7% 90.9% 88.8%/UT 90%
58. Brooklyn Law School (NY) 46 2.6 2.8 3.15-3.64 161-164 25.4% 20.5 71.7% 98.4% 83.8%/NY 75%
Temple University (Beasley) (PA) 46 2.6 3.1 3.09-3.61 160-163 29.1% 14.7 69.4% 95.6% 88.3%/PA 81%
60. Illinois Institute of Technology (Chicago-Kent) 45 2.7 2.6 3.29-3.70 159-163 26.4% 12.4 72.1% 92.0% 86.5%/IL 85%
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© 2006 Regents of the University of Minnesota. All rights reserved. The University of Minnesota is an equal opportunity educator and employer.
 Special Report • America’s Best Graduate Schools
’05 School’s
Peer Assessment undergrad ’05 LSAT ’05 ’04 grads Employed bar Jurisdiction’s
assessment score by GPA score ’05 student/ employed 9 months passage overall bar
Overall score lawyers/judges 25th-75th 25th-75th acceptance faculty at after rate in passage
Rank/School score (5.0 highest) (5.0 highest) percentile percentile rate ratio graduation graduation jurisdiction rate
University of Missouri–Columbia 45 2.7 3.1 3.31-3.74 156-160 32.1% 13.2 58.8% 92.7% 88.8%/MO 88%
University of Pittsburgh 45 2.8 2.8 3.12-3.63 157-161 28.6% 14.4 75.5% 96.7% 81.6%/PA 81%
University of Tennessee–Knoxville 45 2.7 2.8 3.36-3.86 155-161 19.9% 12.1 59.7% 85.4% 86.8%/TN 82%
Villanova University (PA) 45 2.6 2.8 3.30-3.66 161-163 31.6% 17.7 66.7% 97.6% 79.0%/PA 81%
65. Loyola Law School (CA) 44 2.5 2.9 3.05-3.50 160-163 23.4% 16.1 73.7% 97.2% 65.5%/CA 61%
Rutgers State University–Camden (NJ) 44 2.5 2.9 3.10-3.65 159-163 13.9% 15.7 87.2% 92.8% 81.4%/NJ 80%
University of Kentucky 44 2.5 2.8 3.30-3.81 157-163 34.7% 16.3 64.0% 97.6% 82.9%/KY 78%
University of Miami (FL) 44 2.8 3.1 3.22-3.64 156-160 37.2% 19.6 73.4% 93.1% 82.2%/FL 73%
University of San Diego 44 2.8 2.9 3.11-3.54 160-164 24.9% 14.3 65.8% 89.0% 70.9%/CA 61%
70. Loyola University Chicago 43 2.3 3.1 3.15-3.68 159-163 25.6% 16.8 77.7% 98.3% 91.6%/IL 85%
Seton Hall University (NJ) 43 2.4 2.8 3.00-3.60 158-162 25.1% 14.9 92.1% 96.9% 82.2%/NJ 80%
University of Denver (Sturm) 43 2.4 2.7 3.10-3.60 155-162 24.0% 14.1 87.3% 96.9% 64.1%/CO 74%
University of Houston 43 2.7 2.4 3.22-3.73 157-162 25.1% 20.8 65.5% 95.6% 84.8%/TX 79%
University of Kansas 43 2.6 3.3 3.27-3.77 154-160 26.5% 13.4 55.1% 88.5% 82.0%/KS 81%
University of Nebraska–Lincoln 43 2.4 3.1 3.30-3.83 153-159 40.7% 13.7 74.6% 91.7% 90.3%/NE 88%
University of Oregon 43 2.8 3.2 3.17-3.66 156-160 37.3% 19.7 61.6% 91.6% 75.0%/OR 72%
77. Indiana University–Indianapolis 42 2.5 3.1 3.32-3.76 152-158 30.2% 18.0 83.4% 93.8% 80.0%/IN 84%
Lewis and Clark College (Northwestern) (OR) 42 2.3 3.1 3.04-3.65 158-164 37.8% 14.1 N/A 93.9% 68.3%/OR 72%
University of New Mexico 42 2.4 2.7 3.07-3.65 150-159 20.8% 11.4 72.5% 93.7% 80.5%/NM 82%
80. DePaul University (IL) 41 2.3 2.8 3.12-3.66 158-161 25.8% 17.9 80.7% 94.3% 83.6%/IL 85%
Rutgers State University–Newark (NJ) 41 2.6 2.9 3.06-3.55 154-161 23.9% 15.4 79.0% 94.7% 72.8%/NJ 80%
St. John’s University (NY) 41 2.3 2.8 3.18-3.72 158-163 31.2% 17.2 68.8% 93.4% 86.0%/NY 75%
St. Louis University 41 2.4 3.1 3.35-3.77 154-160 39.8% 17.6 71.0% 93.1% 85.5%/MO 88%
University at Buffalo–SUNY 41 2.5 2.7 3.15-3.64 152-157 36.3% 13.2 85.1% 95.0% 78.9%/NY 75%
University of Oklahoma 41 2.4 3.1 3.32-3.76 154-160 26.3% 15.3 68.7% 88.4% 95.7%/OK 83%
University of Richmond (VA) 41 2.2 3.1 3.10-3.54 160-163 26.4% 14.3 56.5% 92.6% 75.2%/VA 74%
87. Louisiana State University–Baton Rouge 40 2.3 2.9 3.23-3.77 154-159 27.8% 16.6 77.5% 91.3% 77.8%/LA 88%
Mercer University (GA) 40 2.0 3.0 3.02-3.67 153-158 30.2% 13.5 59.4% 98.4% 92.7%/GA 85%
Northeastern University (MA) 40 2.3 2.5 3.10-3.58 159-163 26.6% 17.0 N/A 95.3% 81.7%/MA 84%
Pennsylvania State University (Dickinson) 40 2.2 3.2 3.11-3.67 154-157 29.4% 13.8 68.8% 93.4% 78.2%/PA 81%
Pepperdine University (McConnell) (CA) 40 2.2 3.1 3.38-3.71 157-161 25.3% 19.8 57.5% 90.5% 74.1%/CA 61%
Santa Clara University (CA) 40 2.4 2.9 3.21-3.60 157-161 37.4% 18.5 74.1% 94.5% 67.9%/CA 61%
93. Seattle University 39 2.2 2.7 3.17-3.63 152-159 26.0% 15.6 59.7% 100.0% 79.6%/WA 79%
University of Hawaii (Richardson) 39 2.3 2.7 3.03-3.66 156-161 18.6% 13.6 68.4% 93.4% 76.0%/HI 77%
University of San Francisco 39 2.2 2.9 3.13-3.59 157-161 31.7% 16.7 N/A 95.0% 65.5%/CA 61%
University of Toledo (OH) 39 1.9 2.4 2.98-3.76 155-162 18.8% 13.4 86.6% 92.3% 90.4%/OH 81%
97. Georgia State University 38 2.3 2.8 3.16-3.66 156-161 21.2% 16.2 N/A 91.8% 92.2%/GA 85%
University of Mississippi 38 2.2 2.8 3.26-3.77 151-158 27.2% 16.9 72.5% 94.5% 89.8%/MS 90%
University of South Carolina 38 2.3 2.8 3.19-3.68 154-160 34.3% 17.8 59.2% 95.3% 87.0%/SC 84%
University of the Pacific (McGeorge) (CA) 38 2.1 2.6 3.00-3.51 156-160 31.0% 16.1 N/A 96.1% 68.5%/CA 61%
Sources: U.S. News and the schools. Assessment data collected by Synovate. N/A means that the data were not provided by the school. 2School was unable to complete the survey because of dam-
age from Hurricane Katrina; last year’s data were used to calculate its ranking and are displayed here. Western State University in California, Barry University in Florida, Florida A&M University, Flori-
da International University, John Marshall Law School–Atlanta, St. Thomas School of Law in Minnesota, and Appalachian School of Law in Virginia are not ranked because as of August 2005 they
were provisionally approved by the American Bar Association. Three law schools in Puerto Rico—Catholic University, Inter-America University, and the University of Puerto Rico—are not ranked.

a law school must be accredited and fully approved by the American

Other Schools to Consider
The next two quartiles of schools are listed alphabetically in two
groups, the Third Tier and Fourth Tier. Law schools within each of
these tiers should be considered broadly similar in quality. To be listed,
Bar Association and must draw most of its students from the United
States. Remember that in considering a law school, you should look not
only at its ranking or tier but also at other characteristics—its location,
price, course offerings, and faculty expertise, to name a few. More in-
formation on all the schools is available at www.usnews.com/grad.

(ranking begins at 101; schools

THIRD TIER ’05 School’s
are listed alphabetically) Peer Assessment undergrad ’05 LSAT ’05 ’04 grads Employed bar Jurisdiction’s
assessment score by GPA score ’05 student/ employed 9 months passage overall bar
score lawyers/judges 25th-75th 25th-75th acceptance faculty at after rate in passage
Rank/School (5.0 highest) (5.0 highest) percentile percentile rate ratio graduation graduation jurisdiction rate
Albany Law School-Union University (NY) 2.1 2.4 2.89-3.53 153-157 40.3% 14.8 52.8% 95.8% 77.5%/NY 75%
Catholic University of America (Columbus) (DC) 2.4 2.9 3.06-3.53 156-160 31.7% 16.3 63.5% 90.1% 71.9%/MD 72%
Cleveland State University (Cleveland-Marshall) 2.0 2.1 3.14-3.59 151-157 30.7% 12.7 64.1% 90.8% 72.9%/OH 81%
Creighton University (NE) 2.0 3.2 3.21-3.72 150-156 36.0% 15.4 71.7% 97.6% 84.3%/NE 88%
Drake University (IA) 2.0 2.8 3.14-3.69 153-156 42.3% 17.8 N/A 95.1% 86.0%/IA 86%
Duquesne University (PA) 1.8 2.6 3.23-3.61 153-156 44.4% 16.3 79.0% 86.4% 80.0%/PA 81%
Gonzaga University (WA) 2.1 2.7 3.13-3.56 152-156 36.8% 18.0 N/A 93.3% 75.9%/WA 79%
Hofstra University (NY) 2.4 2.5 3.03-3.64 155-160 38.0% 17.7 N/A 91.8% 68.6%/NY 75%
Howard University (DC) 2.1 2.8 2.93-3.57 148-155 23.2% 13.0 80.4% 86.1% 52.1%/MD 72%
Loyola University New Orleans2 2.1 2.8 3.16-3.63 151-156 34.0% 17.6 80.3% 98.6% 60.1%/LA 88%
Marquette University (WI) 2.3 2.8 3.14-3.62 155-159 39.5% 17.3 62.0% 94.0% 100.0%/WI 84%
New York Law School 2.1 2.5 3.12-3.61 153-157 38.7% 20.3 N/A 90.0% 64.3%/NY 75%
Northern Illinois University 1.7 2.2 3.05-3.63 154-158 34.8% 18.4 52.2% 89.9% 86.4%/IL 85%
Pace University (NY) 2.1 2.3 3.09-3.50 153-156 32.8% 15.4 N/A 89.6% 73.1%/NY 75%
68 U.S.NEWS
Quinnipiac University (CT)
& WORLD 1.9
REPORT • WWW.USNEWS.COM • APRIL 10, 2006 2.2 3.08-3.53 155-159 23.1% 14.5 N/A 92.2% 73.9%/CT
CREDIT 82%
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 Special Report • America’s Best Graduate Schools
’05 School’s
Peer Assessment undergrad ’05 LSAT ’05 ’04 grads Employed bar Jurisdiction’s
assessment score by GPA score ’05 student/ employed 9 months passage overall bar
score lawyers/judges 25th-75th 25th-75th acceptance faculty at after rate in passage
Rank/School (5.0 highest) (5.0 highest) percentile percentile rate ratio graduation graduation jurisdiction rate
Samford University (Cumberland) (AL) 1.8 2.5 2.98-3.52 154-158 31.7% 18.2 60.3% 97.0% 84.7%/AL 81%
Southern Illinois University–Carbondale 2.0 2.6 3.13-3.67 152-157 36.7% 12.6 N/A 82.3% 83.3%/IL 85%
Southwestern University School of Law (CA) 1.8 2.0 3.11-3.60 154-158 25.7% 15.7 79.6% 91.4% 58.4%/CA 61%
Stetson University (FL) 2.1 2.5 3.28-3.71 152-156 23.5% 17.5 49.4% 91.1% 74.3%/FL 73%
Syracuse University (NY) 2.4 3.1 3.12-3.54 153-157 33.8% 15.7 67.5% 92.7% 76.0%/NY 75%
Texas Tech University 2.0 2.4 3.28-3.75 151-158 35.2% 16.6 77.8% 95.9% 85.1%/TX 79%
University of Akron (OH) 1.8 1.9 3.12-3.67 156-160 31.3% 13.9 65.4% 89.2% 78.7%/OH 81%
University of Arkansas–Fayetteville 2.2 2.9 3.09-3.69 152-159 24.4% 13.2 N/A 91.7% 85.1%/AR 82%
University of Arkansas–Little Rock (Bowen) 2.1 2.6 3.20-3.73 151-158 16.5% 16.9 N/A 96.2% 76.9%/AR 82%
University of Idaho 2.0 2.7 3.10-3.58 152-159 31.4% 16.8 45.6% 88.3% 76.0%/ID 76%
University of Louisville (Brandeis) (KY) 2.2 2.4 3.43-3.68 155-159 28.9% 15.0 61.5% 91.0% 79.2%/KY 78%
University of Maine 2.2 2.9 3.16-3.58 153-159 40.3% 15.5 N/A 90.1% 69.0%/ME 75%
University of Memphis (Humphreys) 1.8 2.1 3.07-3.61 154-158 22.8% 14.2 52.9% 96.5% 85.8%/TN 82%
University of Missouri–Kansas City 2.2 2.9 3.14-3.66 152-156 38.2% 20.4 N/A 88.1% 85.0%/MO 88%
University of Montana 2.0 2.7 3.17-3.70 151-157 37.6% 18.2 N/A 89.1% 85.5%/MT 83%
University of Nevada–Las Vegas (Boyd) 2.1 2.2 3.55-3.67 155-160 12.1% 15.0 60.0% 82.5% 65.2%/NV 73%
University of North Dakota 1.9 2.7 3.25-3.74 147-154 45.1% 19.0 N/A 88.3% 83.7%/ND 82%
Vermont Law School 2.2 2.6 2.89-3.47 151-158 50.6% 13.3 N/A 94.2% 73.9%/VT 85%
Washburn University (KS) 1.9 2.7 3.04-3.66 151-155 35.9% 14.4 N/A 92.3% 71.4%/KS 81%
Wayne State University (MI) 2.3 2.8 3.33-3.72 153-159 39.6% 19.6 N/A 84.1% 83.5%/MI 74%
Willamette University (Collins) (OR) 2.1 2.7 3.12-3.62 153-157 35.1% 15.6 N/A 84.5% 82.9%/OR 72%

(ranking begins at 137; schools

FOURTH TIER ’05 School’s
are listed alphabetically) Peer Assessment undergrad ’05 LSAT ’05 ’04 grads Employed bar Jurisdiction’s
assessment score by GPA score ’05 student/ employed 9 months passage overall bar
score lawyers/judges 25th-75th 25th-75th acceptance faculty at after rate in passage
Rank/School (5.0 highest) (5.0 highest) percentile percentile rate ratio graduation graduation jurisdiction rate
Ave Maria School of Law (MI) 1.5 1.9 2.80-3.50 150-160 67.3% 14.0 37.7% 84.9% 100.0%/MI 74%
California Western School of Law 1.7 2.5 2.98-3.56 151-156 37.0% 18.7 N/A 42.7% 58.1%/CA 61%
Campbell University (Wiggins) (NC) 1.5 2.2 3.03-3.50 153-158 20.5% 17.0 82.3% 84.4% 77.6%/NC 75%
Capital University (OH) 1.7 2.1 2.96-3.50 151-156 38.1% 16.3 N/A 88.0% 74.7%/OH 81%
Chapman University (CA) 1.5 1.8 3.01-3.61 154-158 30.2% 17.7 53.3% 91.0% 66.7%/CA 61%
CUNY–Queens College 1.8 2.1 3.03-3.52 149-156 20.6% 12.5 29.5% 73.9% 63.9%/NY 75%
Florida Coastal School of Law 1.3 1.8 2.88-3.49 150-154 36.8% 17.8 N/A 92.1% 71.2%/FL 73%
Franklin Pierce Law Center (NH) 1.9 2.4 3.00-3.60 150-156 37.6% 18.5 N/A 86.4% 61.5%/NH 64%
Golden Gate University (CA) 1.7 1.8 3.00-3.47 150-155 35.7% 22.4 N/A 67.9% 34.8%/CA 61%
Hamline University (MN) 1.8 2.2 3.16-3.61 153-159 40.4% 18.5 47.1% 81.0% 85.6%/MN 91%
John Marshall Law School (IL) 1.8 2.4 2.80-3.38 152-156 36.2% 21.8 55.6% 89.3% 74.2%/IL 85%
Michigan State University 2.1 2.8 3.04-3.66 155-161 35.4% 20.7 N/A 78.7% 67.6%/MI 74%
Mississippi College 1.5 2.4 2.99-3.51 149-153 38.5% 21.4 60.0% 95.8% 83.7%/MS 90%
New England School of Law (MA) 1.7 1.8 3.12-3.56 150-153 37.2% 25.2 27.7% 81.1% 74.1%/MA 84%
North Carolina Central University 1.5 1.9 2.80-3.50 143-152 20.0% 18.8 N/A 83.0% 71.8%/NC 75%
Northern Kentucky University (Chase) 1.6 2.0 3.01-3.57 152-158 24.8% 17.4 65.0% 91.8% 79.4%/KY 78%
Nova Southeastern University (Broad) (FL) 1.8 1.5 2.93-3.37 148-152 27.8% 13.4 N/A 77.1% 61.6%/FL 73%
Ohio Northern University (Pettit) 1.5 2.4 3.15-3.69 150-155 27.1% 14.8 N/A 86.1% 71.9%/OH 81%
Oklahoma City University 1.6 2.2 2.78-3.43 148-152 40.7% 18.6 N/A 76.8% 71.8%/OK 83%
Regent University (VA) 1.4 1.7 3.08-3.72 150-156 44.7% 18.3 46.0% 89.1% 61.0%/VA 74%
Roger Williams University (Papitto) (RI) 1.7 1.9 2.94-3.54 151-155 41.1% 19.9 N/A 69.3% 70.7%/RI 77%
Southern University1 (LA) 1.3 1.6 2.66-3.25 * 144-149 * 22.0% * 13.3 * N/A 89.5% * 34.0%/LA * 88%
South Texas College of Law 1.7 1.9 2.98-3.50 151-156 36.9% 19.7 N/A 80.1% 69.9%/TX 79%
St. Mary’s University (TX) 1.7 2.3 2.81-3.42 151-156 37.2% 23.5 N/A 85.7% 78.9%/TX 79%
St. Thomas University (FL) 1.4 1.8 2.58-3.33 147-152 38.9% 20.2 N/A 58.1% 61.5%/FL 73%
Suffolk University (MA) 1.9 2.1 3.10-3.60 154-158 42.4% 17.1 57.5% 86.7% 79.5%/MA 84%
Texas Southern University (Marshall) 1.5 1.9 2.58-3.23 144-149 21.8% 16.3 73.9% 75.2% 54.5%/TX 79%
Texas Wesleyan University 1.6 2.0 2.89-3.50 153-157 29.0% 17.9 42.6% 82.9% 65.5%/TX 79%
Thomas Jefferson School of Law (CA) 1.4 2.4 2.74-3.39 151-156 24.1% 21.9 N/A 82.9% 35.6%/CA 61%
Thomas M. Cooley Law School (MI) 1.3 1.9 2.72-3.39 146-152 68.5% 23.6 N/A 71.2% 55.1%/MI 74%
Touro College (Fuchsberg) (NY) 1.7 1.8 2.87-3.44 150-153 34.6% 17.4 N/A 65.7% 65.2%/NY 75%
University of Baltimore 1.9 2.3 2.98-3.52 152-156 30.1% 21.9 N/A 84.7% 56.8%/MD 72%
University of Dayton (OH) 1.9 2.4 2.87-3.45 152-156 27.4% 15.4 N/A 85.8% 75.3%/OH 81%
University of Detroit Mercy 1.5 1.8 3.00-3.50 147-153 46.2% 17.8 N/A 89.9% 69.2%/MI 74%
University of South Dakota 1.8 2.9 2.95-3.74 150-156 34.9% 16.1 48.6% 75.0% 69.4%/SD 74%
University of the District of Columbia (Clarke) 1.3 1.4 2.76-3.23 149-155 23.0% 11.5 N/A 77.6% 36.4%/MD 72%
University of Tulsa (OK) 2.0 2.5 2.80-3.50 150-154 34.3% 16.3 52.7% 87.4% 74.7%/OK 83%
University of Wyoming 2.0 2.8 3.06-3.65 149-156 25.8% 17.2 N/A 82.5% 70.3%/WY 68%
Valparaiso University (IN) 1.9 2.7 2.97-3.58 150-155 21.5% 15.5 33.1% 80.6% 82.9%/IN 84%
Western New England College (MA) 1.5 1.6 2.70-3.32 151-156 43.0% 16.5 55.0% 79.5% 68.3%/CT 82%
West Virginia University 2.0 2.5 3.19-3.79 148-155 39.0% 23.2 N/A 79.3% 80.2%/WV 78%
Whittier Law School (CA) 1.4 1.9 2.86-3.32 152-155 29.6% 16.6 54.4% 91.4% 39.9%/CA 61%
Widener University (DE) 1.8 2.2 2.81-3.46 150-154 36.4% 17.5 54.1% 87.2% 71.9%/PA 81%
William Mitchell College of Law (MN) 1.9 2.8 3.24-3.66 151-158 48.0% 23.6 53.7% 84.0% 89.1%/MN 91%
1School did not return its U.S. News statistical survey. 2School was unable to complete the survey because of damage from Hurricane Katrina; last year’s data were used to calculate its ranking
and are displayed here. Note: Numbers with * are from the fall 2004 entering class or school year and the 2003 graduating class as reported to the American Bar Association.

The latest comprehensive Graduate School Rankings are available at www.usnews.com/grad

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 Special Report • America’s Best Graduate Schools

Schools of Medicine
THE TOP SCHOOLS • RESEARCH
Assessment ’05 NIH
Peer score by ’05 ’05 ’05 research ’05 ’05 ’05 total
assessment residency average average ’05 NIH research grants per faculty/ out-of-state medical
Overall score directors undergrad MCAT acceptance grants faculty member student tuition school
Rank/School score (5.0 highest) (5.0 highest) GPA score rate (in millions) (in thousands) ratio and fees enrollment
1. Harvard University (MA) 100 4.8 4.7 3.76 11.7 5.2% $1,171.0 $155.7 10.2 $38,776 739
2. Johns Hopkins University (MD) 80 4.8 4.6 3.84 11.5 5.9% $475.4 $216.3 4.7 $35,965 464
3. University of Pennsylvania 79 4.6 4.3 3.79 11.6 4.8% $500.8 $244.7 3.3 $39,467 617
4. University of California–San Francisco 78 4.7 4.5 3.79 11.3 4.9% $422.9 $263.7 2.7 $34,573 600
Washington University in St. Louis 78 4.6 4.4 3.85 12.3 9.9% $358.9 $239.1 2.5 $39,720 593
6. Duke University (NC) 75 4.6 4.6 3.80 11.9 4.4% $330.8 * $195.2 * 4.2 $39,537 406
7. Stanford University (CA) 73 4.5 4.5 3.71 11.2 2.9% $244.5 * $332.2 * 1.5 $38,431 476
University of Washington 73 4.4 4.1 3.65 10.4 7.2% $538.8 $272.5 2.4 $34,697 810
9. Yale University (CT) 72 4.2 4.2 3.75 11.6 5.9% $300.7 $301.0 2.3 $37,655 441
10. Baylor College of Medicine (TX) 70 4.0 3.8 3.77 11.3 6.7% $454.2 $256.0 2.6 $23,683 678
11. Columbia U. Col. of Physicians and Surgeons (NY) 69 4.3 4.3 3.79 11.8 5.3% $300.3 $168.9 2.8 $41,873 634
University of California–Los Angeles (Geffen) 69 4.1 4.1 3.71 10.8 4.5% $426.8 $203.1 3.0 $33,751 690
University of Michigan–Ann Arbor 69 4.4 4.4 3.72 11.4 7.8% $315.2 $165.5 2.8 $34,787 688
14. University of California–San Diego 67 4.0 4.0 3.73 11.0 6.0% $273.7 $343.5 1.6 $34,253 503
15. Cornell University (Weill) (NY) 66 4.1 4.2 3.73 11.5 4.3% $286.2 $141.3 4.9 $33,345 410
16. University of Pittsburgh 65 4.1 4.0 3.62 11.3 8.7% $330.0 $185.7 3.0 $37,608 584
17. University of Chicago (Pritzker) 64 4.1 4.1 3.74 10.9 7.2% $197.8 $253.3 1.9 $34,701 416
Vanderbilt University (TN) 64 4.1 4.1 3.73 11.3 6.7% $249.3 $152.9 3.7 $36,001 436
19. U. of Texas Southwestern Medical Center–Dallas 61 4.2 4.0 3.78 11.0 13.3% $187.9 $128.9 1.6 $23,732 904
20. Northwestern University (Feinberg) (IL) 59 3.8 4.0 3.72 11.3 5.8% $205.9 $116.9 2.6 $40,001 678
University of North Carolina–Chapel Hill 59 3.9 4.1 3.65 10.6 7.1% $212.3 $171.5 1.7 $34,406 732
22. Case Western Reserve University (OH) 58 3.8 3.7 3.62 11.0 8.6% $240.2 $134.9 2.9 $39,384 624
Mayo Medical School (MN) 58 3.7 4.0 3.82 10.8 2.3% $201.8 $89.5 13.6 $26,500 166
University of Alabama–Birmingham 58 3.9 3.9 3.72 10.1 12.3% $193.4 * $181.6 * 1.6 $38,210 683
25. University of Virginia 57 3.7 4.0 3.74 10.7 8.7% $146.2 * $165.7 * 1.6 $38,524 563
26. Emory University (GA) 56 3.8 3.9 3.64 11.1 8.2% $187.1 $105.6 3.8 $36,534 462
U. of Colorado–Denver and Health Sciences Center 56 3.6 3.6 3.74 11.0 9.7% $223.1 $147.4 2.7 $72,791 561
28. Boston University 55 3.2 3.4 3.65 10.7 4.7% $196.4 $166.0 1.9 $39,960 632
University of Wisconsin–Madison 55 3.6 3.7 3.70 10.4 10.6% $182.8 $177.3 1.7 $32,942 619
30. Mount Sinai School of Medicine (NY) 52 3.5 3.5 3.67 11.0 5.0% $174.1 * $146.6 * 2.5 $37,050 470
University of Iowa (Carver) 52 3.6 3.6 3.71 10.2 11.9% $145.9 $167.7 1.5 $40,282 562
32. Dartmouth Medical School (NH) 51 3.3 3.8 3.70 10.7 7.2% $109.4 $136.2 2.7 $36,850 296
New York University 51 3.5 3.5 3.73 11.0 5.8% $138.8 $90.6 2.2 $38,175 703
Ohio State University 51 3.2 3.5 3.72 10.8 9.6% $227.1 $119.1 2.3 $28,717 839
Oregon Health and Science University 51 3.4 3.5 3.67 10.3 6.2% $188.5 $128.6 3.0 $38,760 489
36. University of Rochester (NY) 50 3.5 3.5 3.68 10.7 7.5% $140.6 $106.5 3.2 $37,379 408
University of Southern California (Keck) 50 3.2 3.6 3.60 11.0 7.0% $159.0 $130.1 1.8 $40,454 665
38. Brown University (RI) 49 3.1 3.6 3.62 11.1 4.3% $103.8 $147.7 2.0 $37,453 345
University of Minnesota Medical School 49 3.4 3.6 3.68 10.2 10.3% $148.4 $93.6 1.7 $37,769 937
Yeshiva University (Einstein) (NY) 49 3.4 3.4 3.65 10.5 8.8% $203.8 $80.5 3.5 $39,800 732
41. Wake Forest University (NC) 47 3.1 3.5 3.63 10.1 4.7% $128.2 * $147.5 * 2.0 $34,006 431
42. Tufts University (MA) 46 3.3 3.6 3.61 10.7 7.0% $85.9 $63.9 1.9 $43,579 703
University of Cincinnati 46 3.1 3.3 3.59 10.1 11.5% $190.2 $139.4 2.2 $41,004 629
University of Maryland 46 3.1 3.3 3.66 10.3 8.4% $159.8 * $138.2 * 1.9 $36,129 604
45. Indiana University–Indianapolis 45 3.3 3.6 3.68 9.9 14.8% $101.1 * $78.5 * 1.1 $41,298 1,162
46. Georgetown University (DC) 44 2.9 3.5 3.61 10.2 5.2% $158.8 $90.2 2.5 $39,699 718
University of California–Irvine 44 2.8 3.2 3.65 10.6 7.3% $82.2 $180.3 1.2 $35,065 388
48. University of California–Davis 43 3.1 3.3 3.61 10.3 4.9% $72.8 $130.0 1.4 $35,065 404
University of Massachusetts–Worcester 43 2.9 3.1 3.64 10.6 22.8% $121.0 * $128.8 * 2.3 N/A 412
50. Stony Brook University (NY) 42 2.8 3.0 3.60 10.7 10.5% $75.3 $150.6 1.1 $34,436 447
Tulane University1 (LA) 42 2.9 3.4 3.50 10.5 4.8% $73.3 $134.1 0.9 — 627
University of Florida 42 3.0 3.3 3.65 10.5 10.4% $82.7 $75.4 2.2 $47,073 491
University of Utah 42 3.2 3.4 3.64 9.5 12.8% $101.7 $106.9 2.4 $32,805 398
Sources: U.S. News and the schools. Assessment data collected by Synovate. Note: N/A means that the school does not accept out-of-state students to its M.D. program.
*The school reported only research grants the National Institutes of Health made to the medical school. No grants to affiliated hospitals were reported. 1Tulane University was unable to complete
the survey because of damage from Hurricane Katrina. Last year’s data were used to calculate Tulane’s ranking and are displayed here, with the exception of tuition.

The latest comprehensive Graduate School Rankings are available at www.usnews.com/grad

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 Editorial
By Mortimer B. Zuckerman l Editor-in-Chief

The Cambridge Question

hen you consult a doctor, are characterized by some as a failure of his management

W
you more impressed by the certificates on style, but this obscures the real issue—the inverse re-
the wall or the practical experience of his lationship between the privileges and perks of academic
competence? When you fly, would you life and the quality of undergraduate teaching.
care that the pilot had an aeronautics de- Summers was rightly critical of Harvard’s own “so-
gree but only 10 hours’ flying time? Academic qualifi- lution,” which is worse than the problem—the trend of
cations are like bikinis: What they reveal may be less sig- keeping students happy by giving them high grades. An
nificant than what they conceal. absurd 91 percent of Harvard graduates gain honors.
This had become the disturbing reality at Harvard Grade inflation mocks merit by promoting the fiction
when five years ago it brought in a new reforming pres- that most Harvard graduates are academic stars. Sum-
ident, Larry Summers. A Harvard degree remained pres- mers was determined to reduce grade inflation. He
tigious, but most of those who graduated were dissat- didn’t want Harvard students to just get A’s on paper;
isfied with their undergraduate education there. It was he wanted them to get an education.
not commensurate with what they expected from an out- Since worship of research was key, Summers asked
standing faculty. Many asserted they learned less from individual departments to justify the time and money
the academic stars, most of whom they rarely saw, than invested in them and their facilities. The faculty reject-
from their fellow students. ed the request. As one professor said, “Once someone is
Research, not teaching, has become Harvard’s core a tenured professor, they answer to God.”
purpose; the tenured faculty No wonder Summers re-
are scholars first and teachers fused to rubber-stamp all the
second. More and more un-
How can Harvard tenured positions recom-
dergraduates are taught by expect to recruit a genuine mended by faculty. He wanted
graduate assistants and part- to seek out younger professors
time faculty, who handle full reformer now that the who had the potential to trans-
loads for a third or less the Faculty of Arts and Sciences form their fields. As several
salaries of full professors. journals put it, he was deter-
(Last year, full professors at has tasted blood? mined to bestow grants and
Harvard were paid an average professorships on those fields
of $163,200 and held 64 percent of the academic posts.) deemed worthy and would not be constrained by the
The emphasis on research, not teaching, results in a com- taboos that protect professorial privilege and self-regard.
petition among universities for faculty stars. They are at- Summers’s departure marks the loss of one of the few
tracted less by money than by the freedom to do their own major voices in higher education willing to talk about the
research, so they shun heavy teaching loads. forces undermining our institutions of higher learning.
Summers was critical of this world of unengaged He may have been blunt, but his words were directed
professors and overburdened teaching assistants. He at issues everyone at Harvard must weigh seriously.
understood that the core curriculum at Harvard was Given that Harvard is the emblematic American uni-
an antiquated mess, basically a way of enabling the versity, will Summers’s departure signify a shift of power
faculty members to teach their esoteric specialties in from presidents to tenured faculty? How can Harvard
the name of choice. expect to recruit a genuine reformer now that the Fac-
Getting A’s. Harvard students, like others in many uni- ulty of Arts and Sciences has tasted blood and the key
versities, often graduate without the core knowledge one leaders of the Harvard board have surrendered? Are
would and should expect. One of Summers’s remedies modern universities ungovernable? Will Harvard’s pres-
was to have faculty teach more, especially more overview ident now lose the role of public intellectual setting the
courses that afford students an introduction to differ- agenda for higher education in America and become a
ent disciplines. The faculty was resistant. Tenured pro- mere fundraiser? Will universities become so dominat-
fessors prefer to teach courses that tend to track their ed by political correctness that they are diminished as
research, even their latest book, rather than boning up centers of intellectual freedom and free inquiry?
on introductory material they left behind in graduate It is no answer to inadequate teaching to say that ap-
school. As a tenured professor responded when asked plications remain high. Harvard is the standard-bear-
to teach an introductory art history survey, “No self- er for the ideals of a university. It would be a shame if
respecting scholar would want to teach such a course.” Summers’s departure marked the diminution of the mis-
The departure of Summers, later this year, has been sion of a still-great university. l

76 U.S.NEWS & WORLD REPORT • WWW.USNEWS.COM • APRIL 10, 2006

 How long can he hold his breath?

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Can he swim upside down?

Does he prefer filtered water?

Does he have any digestive disorders?

How much does he weigh?

Is he allergic to any seafood?

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