4.

OSI Transport
Layer

CCNA1v4.0Chpt4 © 2007 SSA CATC. All rights reserved. 1

 Objectives
▪ Explain the need for the Transport layer.
▪ Identify the role of the Transport layer as it provides the
end-to-end transfer of data between applications.
▪ Describe the role of two TCP/IP Transport layer
protocols: TCP and UDP.
▪ Explain the key functions of the Transport layer,
including reliability, port addressing, and segmentation
& how TCP and UDP handle this.
▪ Identify when it is appropriate to use TCP or UDP and
provide examples of applications that use each
protocol.

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 Transport Layer Role and
Services

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 Primary functions of Transport
Layer
▪ Maintain multiple communication streams
(conversations)
▪ Segmenting data
▪ Reassembling the segments into streams of application
data
▪ Identifying the different applications (via port numbers)

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 Additional Services

(Connection-Oriented) (Reliability)

(Sequencing) (Congestion management)

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 Reliability
▪ Different Applications have different requirements

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 How Reliability is implemented at
Transport Layer

▪ tracking transmitted data

▪ acknowledging received data
▪ retransmitting any unacknowledged data

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 The 2 Transport Layer Protocols

▪ TCP (Transport Control Protocol)

Connection-oriented protocol
Used by Web browsers, e-mail, file transfer

▪ UDP (User Datagram Protocol)

Connectionless protocol
Used by DNS, VoIP, Video Streaming

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 TCP & UDP pdu

20 bytes

8 bytes

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 Port numbers

▪ Port# identifies the application/service involved in the

session
Destination port = static
Source port = dynamic/random

▪ Port# + IP Address = socket number

e.g. 192.168.10.10:49152

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 Port Numbers

•Well Known:
•Reserved for common applications/services
•E.g. HTTP, etc.
•Registered:
•Registered for specific vendor applications
•If not used, can be used for Private/dynamic
•Dynamic/Private:
•Used by clients to assign source ports
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 TCP Ports

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 UDP Ports

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 TCP/UDP Ports

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 How port #s are used

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 Which ports am I using?

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 TCP 3-way Handshaking

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 TCP termination

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 Ordering of segments

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 Acknowledgements and Windows
Size

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 Lost segments & Congestions

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 UDP Protocol

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 UDP Protocol
▪ Often data send is single segments/datagrams

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 UDP Protocol

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 End
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 Questions?

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 Activities & Labs

▪ PT 4.1.6: UDP and TCP Port Numbers (A)

▪ PT 4.2.5: Observing TCP Session Establishment and TCP
Session Termination (A)
▪ PT 4.4.4: UDP Operation (A)
▪ PT 4.5.3: Application and Transport Layer Protocols
Examination (B)
▪ Lab 4.5.1: Observing TCP and UDP using Netstat (A)
▪ Lab 4.5.2: TCP/IP Transport Layer Protocols, TCP and UDP
using WireShark (A)
▪ Lab 4.5.3: Application and Transport Layer Protocols
Examination using WireShark (A)
▪ PT 4.6.1: Skills Integration Challenge-Analyzing the
Application and Transport Layers (A)
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