 I.

Completa el siguiente párrafo con la opción correcta

The Netherlands
Welcome to the Netherlands, a tiny country that only extends, at its broadest, 312
km north to south, and 264 km east to west - (1) ... the land area increases slightly
each year as a (2) ... of continuous land reclamation and drainage. With a lot of
heart and much to offer, 'Holland,' as it is (3) ... known to most of us abroad - a
name stemming (4) ... its once most prominent provinces - has more going on per
kilometre than most countries, and more English-speaking natives. You'll be
impressed by its (5) ... cities and charmed by its countryside and villages, full of
contrasts. From the exciting variety (6) ... offer, you could choose a romantic canal
boat tour in Amsterdam, a Royal Tour by coach in The Hague, or a hydrofoil tour
around the biggest harbour in the world - Rotterdam. In season you could visit the
dazzling bulb fields, enjoy a full day on a boat, or take a bike tour through the
pancake-flat countryside spiced with windmills. The possibilities are countless and
the nationwide tourist office, which is on hand to give you information and (7) ...
reservations. You'll have (8) ... language problems here, as the Dutch are true
linguists and English is spoken here almost universally.

1. A) so B) despite C) in spite of D) although

2. A) whole B) consequently C) rule D) result
3. A) regularly B) occasionally C) commonly D) unusually
4. A) in B) from C) on D) of
5. A) historic B) historical C) historically D) historian
6. A) at B) in C) on D) for
7. A) sit B) catch C) do D) make
8. A) few B) a few C) little D) a little
 II. Lee la siguiente lectura y responde verdadero o falso .
Sustainable Supermarkets
Many of the major supermarket chains have come under fire with accusations of
various unethical acts over the past decade. They've wasted tonnes of food,
they've underpaid their suppliers and they've contributed to excessive plastic waste
in their packaging, which has had its impact on our environment.
But supermarkets and grocers are starting to sit up and take notice. In response to
growing consumer backlash against the huge amounts of plastic waste generated
by plastic packaging, some of the largest UK supermarkets have signed up to a
pact promising to transform packaging and cut plastic wastage. In a pledge to
reuse, recycle or compost all plastic wastage by 2025, supermarkets are now
beginning to take some responsibility for the part they play in contributing to the
damage to our environment, with one major supermarket announcing their plan to
eliminate all plastic packaging in their own-brand products by 2023.
In response to criticisms over food waste, some supermarkets are donating some
of their food surplus. However, charities estimate that they are only accessing two
per cent of supermarkets' total food surplus, so this hardly seems to be solving the
problem. Some say that supermarkets are simply not doing enough. Most
supermarkets operate under a veil of secrecy when asked for exact figures of food
wastage, and without more transparency it is hard to come up with a systematic
approach to avoiding waste and to redistributing surplus food.
Some smaller companies are now taking matters into their own hands and offering
consumers a greener, more environmentally friendly option. Shops like Berlin's
Original Unverpakt and London's Bulk Market are plastic-free shops that have
opened in recent years, encouraging customers to use their own containers or
compostable bags. Online grocer Farmdrop eliminates the need for large
warehouses and the risk of huge food surplus by delivering fresh produce from
local farmers to its customers on a daily basis via electric cars, offering farmers the
lion's share of the retail price.
There is no doubt that we still have a long way to go in reducing food waste and
plastic waste. But perhaps the major supermarkets might take inspiration from
these smaller grocers and gradually move towards a more sustainable future for us
all.
1. Más y más gente quiere que los supermercados reduzcan la cantidad de
desperdicio de plástico que ellos producen.
Verdadero Falso
2. Para el 2025, muchos de los principales supermercados habrán dejado de usar
plástico en sus productos hechos en “casa”.
Verdadero Falso

3. Los Supermercados continúan negando que los empaques de plástico puedan

causar daño a nuestro medio ambiente.
Verdadero Falso

4. Los Supermercados no le dicen a la gente cuanta comida en verdad se

desperdica.
Verdadero Falso
5. Hay una tienda en Berlin que no permite a los consumidores utilizar sus propios
contenedores.
Verdadero Falso

6. Farmdrop no almacena grandes cantidades de comida por lo que no produce

desperdicio innesesario.
Verdadero Falso

7. Granjeros proveedores de comida para Farmdrop obtienen una pequeña

fracción del precio que los consumidores pagan.
Verdadero Falso

8. El autor cree que las pequeñas tiendas como Bulk Market y Farmdrop
eventualmente superaran a los supermercados.
Verdadero Falso
 III. Realiza la siguiente lectura y responde las preguntas con la mejor
opción.
On August 22, 1939, Adolf Hitler summoned his top military generals to
Obersalzberg, where he delivered a speech explaining his plans for war, first with
Poland, then with the rest of Europe. Despite resistance from those both inside and
outside Germany, Hitler felt exceedingly confident that he could defy the will of the
international community and conquer vast amounts of land. In his speech at
Obersalzberg, he laid out numerous factors he believed would contribute to the
success of his war plans.
Chief among Hitler's sources of confidence in Germany's brazen war plans was
German military quickness. Hitler said, "Our strength lies in our quickness." On the
advice of Colonel-General von Brauchitsch, Hitler believed Poland could be
captured in a few weeks, an astonishingly short amount of time given the recent
history of trench warfare and the long history of protracted European military
engagements that resulted in minimal land gains and high casualty counts.
Hitler's confidence in the ability of the German military to inflict considerable
brutality further strengthened his determination to pursue an exceedingly ambitious
plan of territorial aggrandizement. He said, "I shall shoot everyone who utters one
word of criticism" and noted that "the goal to be obtained in the war is not that of
reaching certain lines but of physically demolishing the opponent." In this vein,
Hitler ordered his military to "be hard, be without mercy, [and] act more quickly and
brutally than others…for it scares the others off." Hitler believed that enemies, not
used to this type of brutality, would surrender quickly.
In addition to speed and brutality, Hitler believed that, in the end, history would
overlook his inhumane conduct. To support this view, which turned out to be
anything but prescient, Hitler invoked a Pollyannaish view of Asian leader Genghis
Kahn. In Hitler's eyes, Kahn "sent millions of women and children into death
knowingly and with a light heart," yet "history sees in him only the great founder of
States."
Although Hitler brimmed with confidence and experienced initial yet widely-
expected success in Poland and then in Denmark, he overlooked important
considerations. In many ways, Hitler made the same mistake Napoleon Bonaparte
made years earlier. Hitler believed he could advance further and conquer Britain,
yet, like Napoleon, Hitler did not adequately foresee the insurmountable barrier
posed by Britain's island status. Despite the damage inflicted at the hands of the
German Luftwaffe during the Battle of Britain (1940), British forces eventually won
this important battle. Nevertheless, Hitler pressed on and, in an even more fateful
decision that carried echoes of a Napoleonic tactical misstep, invaded the USSR
where his forces suffered the decisive defeat of World War II at Stalingrad in 1943.
In the end, Hitler's reputation in history proved to be as brutal and decisive as the
battle plans and philosophy he announced at Obersalzberg.

REFERENTES
1.- WHERE _______________ 2.- HIS ________________________
3.- OUR __________________ 4.- THIS ____________________
5.-HE___________________
6. According to the passage, Hitler's confidence in his military strategy stemmed
from its:
A. Surprise invasions
B. Emphasis on unconventional warfare
C. Reliance on air supremacy
D. Swift brutality
E. Napoleonic overtones
7.The author of the passage is primarily concerned with explaining:
A. The logistics of Hitler's war strategy and the mechanics of its failure
B. The philosophy of Hitler's war strategy and the world's reaction
C. Why Hitler believed his war plans would succeed and why they
eventually failed
D. Hitler's plans and their failure with an eye to pre-1900 history
E. Explaining the source of Hitler's brutality and the reasons for its
failure
8.Which of the following best characterizes the author's view of the relationship
between Hitler and Napoleon?
A. Governed with similar styles
B. Fought military conflicts with similar ideologies
C. In general, shared a legacy as overly ambitious leaders
D. At a high-level, some similarities in military missteps existed
E. Both suffered final defeats by impetuously charging east
9.According to the passage, what best describes the author's understanding of why
Hitler's military campaign eventually failed?
A. Failed to demoralize opponents
B. Overlooked important tactical and geographic considerations
C. Underestimated international resolve
D. Fell behind technological advancements of European enemies
E. Failed to consolidate initial military and land gains
10.According to the passage, Hitler's confidence in the war plans announced at
Obersalzberg stemmed from all of the following EXCEPT:
A. The speed of the German military
B. The brutality of the German military
C. The plan to stifle dissent
D. The belief that instilling fear weakened enemies
E. The history of overlooking European military brutality
11.According to the passage, why did Hitler believe he could conquer Poland in a
few weeks?
A. The inaction of European neighbours
B. The example of Napoleon
C. The philosophy of Genghis Kahn
D. The counsel of a military general
E. The small size of Poland
12.According to the passage, which of the following represents the chronological
unfolding of events?
A. Generals summoned to Obersalzberg; Invaded Poland; Invaded
Denmark; the Battle of Britain; Battle at Stalingrad
B. Generals summoned to Obersalzberg; Invaded Denmark; Invaded
Poland; the Battle of Britain; Battle at Stalingrad
C. Generals summoned to Obersalzberg; Invaded Denmark; Invaded
Poland; Battle at Stalingrad; the Battle of Britain
D. Generals summoned to Obersalzberg; Invaded Poland; Invaded
Denmark; Battle at Stalingrad; the Battle of Britain
E. Generals summoned to Obersalzberg; the Battle of Britain; Invaded
Poland; Invaded Denmark; Battle at Stalingrad