A Portuguese Translation of Pisan's Livre Des Trois Vertus - Willard

Modern
Language
Association
A Portuguese Translation of Christine de Pisan's Livre des trois vertus

A Portuguese Translation of Christine de Pisan's Livre des trois vertus
Author(s): Charity Cannon Willard
Author(s): Charity Cannon Willard
Source: PMLA, Vol. 78, No. 5 (Dec., 1963), pp. 459-464
Source: PMLA, Vol. 78, No. 5 (Dec., 1963), pp. 459-464
Published by: Modern Language Association
Published by: Modern Language Association
Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/460723
Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/460723
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A PORTUGUESE TRANSLATION OF CHRISTINE DE PISAN’S
AAPORTUGUESE
PORTUGUESETRANSLATION
TRANSLATIONOF OFCHRISTINE
CHRISTINE DE
DE PISAN'S
PISAN'S
LIVRE DES TROIS VERTUS
LIVRE DES TROIS
LIVRE DES TROIS VERTUS
By CHARITY CANNON WILLARD
By
BY CHARITY
CHARITY CANNON
CANNON WILLARD
WILLARD
HE INTERNATIONAL character of until 1432, such a gift would have represented a

T THE INTERNATIONAL character
HE INTERN ATION AL character of
Christine de Pisan’s writings of
has long ago
Christine de Pisan's writings has long ago
been Christine de where
investigated Pisan'sit writings
concerns has
her long ago
familiar-
until1432,
until
rather
rather
rather
1432,
unusual
unusual
unusual
such
such aa gift
giftwould
example
example
example
would
of
of
have
paternal
paternal
Of the two copies of the Espelho de Cristina, as
represented
represented a
have foresight.4
of paternal
foresight.
foresight.4 4
been investigated
been investigated where concerns her familiar- Of the
the two
two copies
copies of
of the
the Espelho
the printed Portuguese version is entitled, whichas
Of Espelho de
de Cristina,
Cristina, as
ity with the workswhere of it herconcerns
compatriots Dante
ityity with the works
and Boccaccio or her relationscompatriots
with the works of
of her
her compatriots
with the English Dante
Dante the
the printed
printed Portuguese
Portuguese version
version is
is
still exist in Portugal, one belongs to the National entitled,
entitled, which
andand Boccaccio
court Boccaccio
during theor her
her relations
orearly years of the with the English
withfifteenth
the cen- still
stillexist
Library existininin Portugal,
Lisbon and one
Portugal, onebelongs
the belongs
other totothe
forms the National
part National
of the
court during
court
tury.! during the
Considerably the early years
lessyearswell of of the
the fifteenth
known fifteenth
is the Portu- cen- Library in
in Lisbon
Lisbon and
and the
collection of the former King Manuel II atof
Library the other
other forms
forms part
part of the
the
tury.1
tury.l Considerably
Considerably less
less
guese translation of her Livre des trois vertus, well
well known
known is
is the
the Portu-
Portu- royal palace in Vila Vicosa. The final page of the
collection
collection ofof the
the former
former King
King Manuel
Manuel IIII at the
the
guese translation
guese
which istranslation
to be found of
of her her
in MS. Livre des
Livre11,515des trois
trois
of the vertus,
vertus,
Na- royal
royal
text palace
palace
(fol. 47 in v°)in
VilaVila Vigosa.
Viçosa.
states the The
that The final final
page of
publication page the of the
was
whichisisto tobe befound
which
tional Library infound
Madrid. ininMS. MS. 11,515
This11,515 of the
of
translation the Na-Na-
was, text(foI.
text
undertaken (fol.47 47invo)
vo) states
states
1518 that
at that the publication
the
the command publication
of Queen was
tional
tional Library
Library in
in Madrid.
Madrid.
furthermore, published in Lisbon in 1518. Al- This translation
translation was, undertaken
undertaken in in 1518
1518 at
at
Leonor. She was the widow of Dom Joao II the
the command
command of
of Queen
furthermore,
furthermore,
though two copies published
published
of the editionininLisbon
Lisbon
still inin 1518.
exist and Al-AI-
are Leonor.She
Leonor.
(1481-95) She
as well wasasthe
was the widow
sister ofofof
the widow Dom Dom
Dom Joao II
João
Manuel I,II
though two
though
listed intwo copies of
copies
Portuguese of thethe edition
edition still
bibliographies, still exist
exist and
theandonly are (1481-95)
(1481-95)
the monarchas well as the
reigning sister
at sister
that of ofDom
time. Dom Manuel
Manuel I,
listed in
listed
mention in ofPortuguese
Portuguese
such a translationbibliographies,
bibliographies, among the the only
only
studies the
the monarch
monarch
Queen Leonor reigning
reigning
was aat atnotable
that time.patroness of the
mention
mention of
of such
such a
a translation
translation
devoted to Christine de Pisan is a passing refer- among
among studies
studies arts and also of early printing patroness
Queen
Queen Leonor
Leonor was a notable
notable Portugal.of
inpatroness the
the
of She
devoted
devoted
erence in to to Christine
Christine
Mathilde de Pisan
de
Laigle’s Pisan is
Livreis aades
passing
passing refer-
refer-
trois vertus: arts
arts and
and also
also of
of early
early printing
printing
was, indeed, involved in the first printing venture inin Portugal.
Portugal. She
She
sonerence
erence in
milieu in Mathilde
Mathilde
historiqueLaigle's
Laigle's Livre
Livredes
et littéraire des trois
trois vertus:
(Paris, vertus:
1912). was,
inwas, indeed,
theindeed,
Portuguese involved
involved in
in the
language the first
first
through printing
printing venture
venture
her sponsor-
sonson milieu
Here milieu
a footnote historique
historique
promises etet littéraire
litteraire (Paris, 1912).
(Paris,
further information 1912). in inin the
the Portuguese
Portuguese language
language through
through
ship of the translation of Ludolphus of Saxony’s her
her sponsor-
Here aa footnote
Here footnote promises further further information in shipof
ship ofthe thetranslation
translation
printed byofofNicolas
Ludolphus
Ludolphus of Saxony's
of Saxony's
a projected edition of the Trois vertus which has Vita Christi, of Saxony and
aa projected
never projected
appeared. edition of
of the years
Several Trois
Trois vertus
vertusthe
later which
which Portu-has
has Vita
Vila Christi,
Christi, printed by Nicolas
his partner, Valentine Fernandez of Moravia, and
printed by Nicolas of
of Saxony
Saxony in
neverappeared.
never appeared. Several Several years yearsto later
l,ater the
the Portu-
Portu- hispartner,
his partner,ValentineValentineFernández
Fernandez of of Moravia,
Moravia, in
guese translation was referred by Aubrey Bell
inguese
guese translation
his translation
Portuguese was referred to
referred
Literature, to by
but bywith Aubrey
Aubrey Bell
Bell
several 1A. Farinelli, “Dante nell’opere di Christine de Pisan,”
in in his
his Portuguese
Portuguese Literature,
Literature,
errors of detail. As the existence of the manu- but
but with
with several
Festschrift H. Morf
1 1A.A.Farinelli,
Farinelli, "Dante(Halle,nell'opere
"Dante 1905); A.di
nell'opere diJeanroy,
Christine“Boccace
Christine de
de Pisan," et
errorsofofdetail.
errors
script and detail.the twoAs As the the existence
printed existence of
copies cannotof thethe manu-ma
fail nu-
to Festschrift
Festschrift
Christine deH.H. Morf(Halle,
Morf
Pisan,” (Halle,1905);
Romania, 1905);
xiv A. Jeanroy,
A. Jeanroy,
(1922), 93-105; "Boccace
"Boccace J. etet
P.
scriptand
script and the the twotwo printed
printed copies cannot fail
fail to Rice,
Christine
Christine “A NotededePisan,"on Christine
Pisan," Romania,
Romania, de XLVIII
Pisan and
XLVIII (1922),
(1922), Cecco d’Ascoli,”
93-105;
93-105; J. P.
J.
arouse the curiosity of any copies student of Christine to
Rice, "A
Rice, "A Note on Christine
Christine deG. Pisan and Cecco “Christine
d'Ascoli,"
Italica, xv Note(1938), on 145-151; P. de Pisan and
C. Campbell, d'Ascoli,"
dearouse
arouse Pisan’s the writings
the curiosityor,of
curiosity ofindeed,
any student
any of the of Christine
intellectual deItalica,
Pisanxv
ltalica, xv (1938),
en (1938), 145-151;
145-151;
Angleterre,” Rev.P. de G.
G. C.C. Campbell,
Litt. comparée, "Christine
Campbell, "Christine
v (1925),
de de Pisan's
Pisan's writings
writings or,
or, indeed,
indeed,
currents of the late Middle Ages, it would seem of
of the
the intellectual
intellectual
659-670;
de Pisan C.
de Pisan en Biihler,
Angleterre,"
Angleterre," “Sir John Rev. de
Rev. Falstof’s
de Litt. Manuscript
comparse,
Liti. comparée, of the
vv (1925),
currents
currents
worth while ofofthe
tothe lateMiddle
late
attempt Middle Ages, it
Ages,
a plausible it would seem
explanation of ‘Epitre
659-670;
659-670; d’Othéa’
C. Biihler,
Bühler,and "Sir the
"SirStephen
John
John Falstof'sScropes’ Manuscript
Translation of
Manuscript ofof the
his
the
the circumstances which brought theexplanation
worthwhile
worth whiletotoattemptattemptaaplausible plausible explanation
Portugueseof of 'EpltreScriptorium,
'Epltre
Text,” d'Othea' and
d'Othéa' and 11the Stephen
the(1949),
Stephen123-128; Scropes'
Scropes'S.Translation
Translation
Cigada, “Chris- of
of his
the
th,e circumstances
circumstances which
which brought
brought the
the Portuguese
Portuguese tine
Text,"
Text," de Scriptorium,
Pisan
Scriplorium,e la traduzione
IIIiii(1949),
(1949), inglese
123-128;
123-128; delle S.S.poesie
Cigada, di "Chris-
Charles
"Chris-
version into being.? d’Orléans,”
tine
tinede dePisan
Pisan Aevum,
ee la xxxu1 (1958),
la traduzione inglese
inglese 509-516.
delle
delle poesie
poesie di Charles
version
version
According into being.2
into being.
to the Madrid codex it was under-
2
2 Laigle, p.Aevum,
d'Orleans,"
d'Orléans," 35; Aubrey
Aevum, xxxiiF.(1958),
XXXII G. Bell,
(1958), Portuguese Literature
509-516.
taken at the commandMadrid
According to
According to tlr,e
the Madrid
of Queen it was wife
codexIsabel, under-
under- of 22Laigle,
(Oxford, Laigle, p.p. 35;
1922), 35; Aubrey
95; for F.a G.
p. Aubrey G.
moreBell,
Bell, Portuguese
Portuguese
correct account Literature
Literature
of the
taken
taken at at the
the command
command
King Afonso V of Portugal (1438-81).? One must of
of Queen
Queen Isabel,
Isabel, wife
wife of
of Portuguese
(Oxford,1922),
(Oxford, version:
1922), Alvaro
p.p. 95;
95; for J.a more
for da
more Costa
correctPimpdo,
correct account Histéria of
of the da
the
Kingsuppose
King AfonsoVthat
Afonso Vof ofPortugal
Portugal (1438-81).3
(1438-81).3 Portuguese
Portuguese version:Alvaro
version: Idade J.J.
Alvaro dadaCosta
Costa Pimpao,
Pimpão, Historia
was One made must Literatura Portuguesa: Media (2* ed. Coimbra, História 1959), da
thus the translation be-
thussuppose
thus suppose that that thethe translation
translation was was made bebe- pp. 11-12. Portuguesa:
Literatura
Literatura AnPortuguesa:
edition ofIdade the Portuguese
Idade Media (2)
Media (2a text
ed. has appeared
ed. Coimbra,
Coimbra, 1959), as
tween 1447, the year of the royal couple’s mar- this
pp. article An
pp. 11-12.
11-12. wasedition
in theof ofcourse of publication:
thePortuguese
the Portuguese texthas
text hasD. Carstensas
appeared
appeared as
tweenand
tween
riage, 1447,
1447, the
the the year of
year
queen’s of the the royal
untimely royal
death couple's
couple's
in 1455. mar-
mar-It Grobenberger,
thisarticle
this articlewas was Christine
inin the decourse
the course Pisan: of Buch
of von den D.
publication:
publication: dreiCarstens
D. Tugen-
Carstens
riage,
isriage, and
possible and the thesuggest
to queen's some
queen's untimely
untimely reasons death
death for ininthe1455.
1455.pres-It
It Grobenberger,
Grobenberger,
denden in portugiescher Christine
Christine de Pisan:
Ubersetzungde Pisan: Buch Buck
'lJon den
(Miinster, von drei
Westf., den drei Tugen-
Tugen-
1961).
is is possible
possible to
to suggest some
some
ence of the French text at the Portuguese Court reasons
reasons for
for the
the pres-
pres- 3 Fol. inIre:
denden
denden in “Aqui se Übersetzung
portugiescher
portugiescher comeca o livro
Ubersetzung das(Muinster,
(Münster, tresWestf.,
vertudes Westf.,
1961). a 1961).
ence
ence ofmiddle
theFrench
French text aat the Portuguese
Portuguese instruanca
3 aFoI.
Fol.IrO: das"Aqui
Iro: damas.
"Aqui O comega
se
se começa primeiro o livro capitulo
o livro
das tres devisa
das tres
vertudesas vertudes
tresa a
in theof the of thetext t the
fifteenth century, butCourtone vertudes
instruanga
instruança pordas cujodamas.
das mandamento
damas. O0 primeiro
primeiro Christina
capitulo
capitulo fez devisa
e compillou as treso
as tres
in in the
cannot the middle
middle
take seriouslyof
of the
the fifteenth
fifteenth
the suggestion century,
century, in the butcata-
but one
livro
vertudes
vertudes da gidadeporcujo
por das mandamento
cujo damas. E lhe Christina
mandamento apareceronfez fezoutra vez e lheo
e compillou
cannot
cannot
logue take
of takeKing seriously
Manuel the the suggestion
IT’s library that inthethe themanu-
cata- mandaron
livrodadaçidade
livro que das
gidade fizesse
das esta Epresente
damas.
damas. E
lheIhe obra, o outra
aparegeron
apareçeron qualoutralivro vez
vez e foy
lhee Ihe
logue
logue ofof King
King Manuel
Manuel
script must have been brought from France byII's
II's library
library that the manu- tornado
mandaron
mandaron de queffrances
que fizesse
fizesse em estaesta presente
nossa linguajem
presente obra,
obra, oo qual portugues
qual livro
livro foy por
foy
scriptPedro,
script
Dom must have
must have
who been wouldbrought have from from
considered Franceit by
France bya tornado
tornado
mandado dedade ffranqes
ffrançes
muyto em esta em esta
excellente nossa nossa
et comprida linguajemlinguajem portugues
de muytas portugues
vertudes por por
mandado
mandado
Senhora a dada muyto
muyto
Rainha expellente
exçellente
Dona Isabel,et molheret comprida
comprida de alto
de muytas
do muyto muytas vertudes
e!'ertudes
muyto
suitable gift for his daughter. As Francis M.a
Dom
Dom Pedro,
Pedro, who
who would
would have considered
considered it
it
excellente
Senhoraaprincep
Senhora aRainha
Rainha e Dona
senhor,
DonaIsabel, El Rey
Isabel, Dom doAffonso,
molher
molher do
muytomuyto 0 quinto
alto ealto
muyto edemuyto
suitable
suitable
Rogers hasgift
gift forhis
for
recently his daughter.
daughter.
pointed out, As As Francis
the Francis
Portuguese M.
exgellente
exçellente
Portugal doprin?ep
etprinçep Algarve eet senhor,
e senhor, senhor El Rey deElCepta
Rey
Dom etc.” Dom
Affonso, Affonso,
o quintoo de quinto de
Rogers has
Rogers
prince, has recently
who recently
returnedpointedpointed
from his out,travels
out, the Portuguese
the Portuguese
in 1428, Portugal
4 Livros etet
Portugal dodo
AntigosAlgarve
Algarve et senhor
Portugueseset senhor de(1489-1600)
çepta
de Ceptaetc." da etc." biblioteca de
prince, who who returned
returned from
prince,
was probably never infrom his travels
his
France. travels in 1428,
Furthermore, 1428, Sua44Livros
Majestade
Livros Antigos
Antigos fidelissima,
Portugueses
Portugueses descriptos por S. da
(1489-1600)
(1489-1600) daM.biblioteca
el-Rei D.
biblioteca de
was
was probably
probably never
never in
in France.
France. Furthermore,
Furthermore, Sua Majestade
Sua
Manuel (London, fidelissima,
fidelissima, descriptos
1929), 1, descriptos349-355; por por S.S.M.
Francis M.
M. el-Rei
el-Rei
Rogers, D.
since his marriage to the future queen’s mother, Manuel (London, 1929),Dom I, 349-355; Francis M.
M. Rogers,
since his his marriage
marriage to The
Manuel Travels of the Infante
(London, 1929), I, Pedro of PortugalFrancis (Cambridge, Rogers,
since
Isabel of Urgel, did to the future
notthe future queen's
take place queen's
before mother,
mother,
the end TheTravels
The
Mass.: Travels
Harvard of of
lhe the
Infante
Univ. Infante Dom Dom
Press, Pedro Pedro
1961), p. of
of Portugal 58 Portugal
(Cambridge,
(return (Cambridge,
from
ofIsabel
Isabelthat of Urgel, did not take place
Urgel,
same year and the Princess place before
before
was not the end
theborn Mass.: Harvard
Mass.:
travels); Harvard
p. 31 (omission Univ.
Univ. Press, Press,
of France 1961),fromp.
1961), 5858(return
p.itinerary).(returnfrom from
ofofthatthatsame same year year andand the Princess was was not not bornborn travels);p.p.3131
travels); (omission
(omission of France
of France fromfrom itinerary).itinerary).
459
459
459
All use subject
460 A Portuguese Translation of the ‘Livre des trois vertus”’
460
460 A Portuguese ATranslation of the "Litvre
Portuguese Translation des trois
of the "Lit'Te vertus"
des trais vertus"
1495.5 At the beginning of each of the four vol- women of the lower classes, from the merchant’s
1495.5there
1495. At the
At the beginning
beginning of each
of eachofof
ofKing four
the four vol- women of the
thelower
lowernot classes, from the the merchant's
merchant's
Jodo vol- women of classes, from
5
umes appears a woodcut IT wife to the peasant, forgetting the “femme de
umes
umes there
there appears
appears aa woodcut
woodcut of
of King
King
and Queen Leonor, attended by their court, Joao
João IIII wifeto
wife tothe
thepeasant,
peasant, not not forgetting
forgetting the the "femme
"femme de
folle vie,” for whom she suggests a program of
and Queen
and
kneeling Queen Leonor,
Leonor,Inattended
in prayer. attended
1515, three by
by theirtheir court,
years court,
before follevie,"
folle vie," for for whom
whom she she suggests
suggests a program program of of
rehabilitation.
kneeling in prayer.
prayer. InEspelho,
1515, three rehabilitation.
kneeling
the in
appearance of theIn she years
three years
was likewisebefore
before rehabilitation.
To judge from the number of manuscripts still
theappearance
the appearance
responsible for of of the
thethe Espelho, she
EspeZho,
publication she of was the likewise
likewise
Boosco To
in To judge from
judge
existence, from
as wellthe number
the number
as the three of manuscripts
of manuscripts
early French still
responsible
responsible for
for the
the publication
publication
deleytoso, a popular mystical treatise of the of
of the
the Boosco
Boosco fif- in existence,
in existence,as as well
well as the the
(peimedgedigions) the work continued to be read three
three early
early French
French
deleytoso,
deleytoso,
teenth century.®
teenth century.6
teenth
a a popular
popular mystical
Her handsomely illuminated Books of Hours
Her handsomely illuminated
treatise
treatise
Books
ofof the
the fif-
fif- printededitions,
printed
extensively editions, the
extensively for
extensively
deserves
for more
to befor
the work
morethan
more
better
work continued
than a continued
century.® to
than aa century.9
known century.9 The
today
to be
because
Thebe read
The text
text
of text
the
S
are Her
to behandsomely
found in such illuminated
scattered Books spots asof of Lisbon
Hours deserves to
deserves
interesting to bebe better
better known
details known today
it gives of today because of
Paris atof the
life inbecause the
are
are to
to be
be found
found inin such
such scattered
scattered
(MS. 165 of the National Library), Coimbra (un- spots
spots as
as Lisbon
Lisbon interestingdetails
interesting
beginning of details itit gives
the fifteenth gives of of life
century. lifein in Paris
Paris at the
(MS. 165 of
(MS.
numbered ofMS. theNational
the inNational Library),Library),
Library),
the University Coimbra (un- and beginning
beginning
None of of of
thethethe fifteenth
fifteenth
known century.
manuscripts century. gives evidence
numbered
numbered
New York MS. MS.
(Morgan in the
in University
theLibrary
University Library),
MS. Library),
52). She and was None of
of None
having of the
theknown
been knownmanuscripts
manuscripts gives
the presentation gives evidence
copy evidence
intended
New
New
the York (Morgan
York
founder (Morgan
and patroness Library
Library of the MS.
MS. Madre52). She She
de Deus was
was of
of having
having been
been the
the presentation
presentation
for the Duchess of Guyenne, but several of them copy intended
thefounder
the
Convent founder and
in Lisbon,andpatroness
patroness
where her ofofthethe
tomb Madre
Madre is still de to
de Deus
Deus be forthe
for
appear theDuchess
toDuchess
have had of Guyenne,
of Guyenne, but several
a connection several with her of
of them
rela-
Convent
Convent
seen in theinin Lisbon,
Lisbon, where
Cloister; other her
where tombof isherstill
events lifeto are be appear to
appear
tives or totheir
have had aa connection
have entourageconnectionat the Court with
with her of rela-
her rela-
Bur-
seen in
seen in the
commemorated the Cloisterj
Cloister; by other modernevents
other events
statuesof
of her herin life
life are
Beja, tives
tives or
or their
their entourage
entourage
gundy. Indeed, the manuscripts of the Trois atat the
the Court
Court of
of Bur-
Bur-
commemorated
commemorated byby modern
modem
where she was born, and in Caldas da Rainha, statues
statues in
in Beja, gundy. Indeed,
gundy.
Vertus Indeed, the
which derive the manuscripts
manuscripts
from this circle of of the
are thefar Trois
Trois
more
S
whereshe
where
where shewas
she wasbom,
founded born, a andandininCaldas
hospital. Caldas
One da da
is Rainha,
scarcely Vertus
Vertus which
which derive
derive from
from this
this
numerous than the ones which indicate a Parisian circle
circle are far
far more
whereshe
where
surprised she founded
tofounded
find such aa hospital.
hospital.
a benevolent One is
One isandscarcely
scarcely
culti- numerous than
numerous
source than the
contemporary theones oneswhich
withwhich indicate aa Parisian
the indicate
composition Parisian
of the
surprised
surprised
vated queen toto findfindsuch
attracted such atoa benevolent
benevolent
the writingsandof culti- culti-
that source
source contemporary
contemporary with the
work. Along with the four in the Royal Library composition
composition of
of the of
vated
vated queen
queen attracted
attracted
great apologist for capable medieval women, to
to the
the writings
writings of
of that
that work. Along
work.
Belgium, Along with
two with the four
the
of which four ininthe
belong the Royal
toRoyal
the richLibrary
Library
collec-of
of
great apologist
great
Christine apologist
de Pisan. forThe
for capable
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medieval
de Cristina women,
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tions of thetwo of which
of
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family, belong
there istoone the rich
rich collec-
which must
Christine
Christine
the last work dedePisan.
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known The The Espelho
to have beende published
Cristina was by tions of
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(B.N. f. fr.
have belonged
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the
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work known
of theknown to
Portuguese to have
have been published by
been
queen.’ have
1177) Louis Bruges (B.N. (B.N. f.f. fr. fr.
and was in the possession of
command of 1177) and
and another which was in the possession
possession of
Although ofthe
command thePortuguese
the Portuguese queen.
Livre des trois queen.77
vertus was com- 1177)
thep@levesmfamily (Dresden O, No. 0%). Marie,of
was
AI
posed Although
in Paristhe
though the in Livre
1405, des
Livre des
it wastrois
trois vertus
vertus was
dedicated wasto Mar-com- the Cleves
the Cleves family
family(Dresden(Dresden 0, 0, No. 055). 0 55 ). Marie,
posed
posed in
in Paris
Paris in
in 1405,
1405, it
it was
was dedicated
dedicated to
to Mar- 5 Livros Antigos Portugueses, 1, 344-355; Maria Adelaide
garet, the oldest daughter of the second Duke of Valle
li 6LivrosCintra,
Livros Antigos Bibliografia
Antigos Portugueses,
Portugueses, de textos
I, i, medievais
344-355;
344-355; Maria
Maria portugueses
Adelaide
Adelaide
garet,the
garet,
Burgundy, theoldest
oldest
John daughterdaughter
the Fearless, of the
of the second
on second
the Duke of
Duke
occasion of
of Valle
publicados Cintra,
Valle Cintra, Bibliografia
(Lisboa,Bibliografia
1960), p. de textos
de62. See medievais
textos medievais
also Rui do portugueses
portugueses
Pinto de
Burgundy,
Burgundy, John
John the
the Fearless,
Fearless,
her marriage to the French Dauphin, Louis of on
on the
the occasion
occasion of
of Mattos,
publicados
publicados Manuel (Lisboa,
(Lisboa, Bibliogréphico
1960),p.p. 62.
1960), Portugués
62. also(Porto,
See also
See Rui do1878), Pinto pp.
Pinto de
hermarriage
her
Guyenne.marriage Thistotomarriage,
theFrench
the French Dauphin,
Dauphin,
along with Louis another of
of Mattos, Manuel
Mattos,
228-229; Manuel
Sousa Viterbo, Bibliogrdphico
Bibliogrdphico
O Movimento Portugu0s
Português (Porto,
(Porto,
tipogrdfico 1878),
em1878),
Portugal pp.
pp.
Guyenne. This 228-229; Sousa Viterbo,
(Coimbra,O0 Movimento
Movimento tipogrdfico em Portugal
two marriage, along of with another
Guyenne. 228-229;
século Sousa XVI Viterbo, 1924), pp. tiPogrdfico em Portugal
uniting the This marriage,
families, that along with
Charles anotherVI’s no 138-139; Anselmo e
uniting
uniting the
the two
two families,
families, that
that ofof Charles
Charles VI's
VI's Proenga,s&uloBibliografia
no século
no (Coimbra,
XVI (Coimbra,
XVI das obras 1924),impressas
1924), pp. 138-139;
pp. 138-139;em Portugal
Anselmonoee
Anselmo
daughter Michelle to the future Philip the Good, Proenga,
Proença,
século Bibliografia
XVIBibliografia
(Lisboa, 1926), das obras
das obras impressas em
n° 442.impressas em Portugal
Portugal no
daughter
daughter Michelle
Michelle to the future
future
represented the final political achievement of the Philip
Philip the
the Good,
Good,
6 For XVI
século
s&culo the (Lisboa,
XVI Portuguese
(Lisboa, 1926),1926),Vitano nOChristi:
442. Livros Antigos Portu-
represented
represented
first duke of the the final
thefinal political achievement
political
Valois-Burgundian achievement line, of of the
Philip gueses,
li 6ForFor 1, the
44-79;
the Da CostaVita
Portuguese
Portuguese Vita Pimpio,
Christi:pp.Livros
Christi: 7-9. Antigos
Livros In the United
Antigos Portu-
Portu-
first
first duke
duke of of the
the Valois-Burgundian
Valois-Burgundian
the Bold. As the old Duke did not live to witness line,
line, Philip gueses,I,
gueses,
States, i,44-79;
copies 44-79; Da
of thisDa rare
Costa
Costa Pimpao,
Pimpão,
edition pp.be7-9.
are pp.
to foundIn
ln the
at United
theHarvard
United
theBold.
Bold. As As the theofoldold Dukemarriages
did
did notnot live States, copies
States,
University, copies of this
theof this rare
Morgan rareedition
editionare
Library, are
andtotobe be found
the found atat Harvard
Huntington Harvard Li-
the
the celebration Duke
these it isto
live tonotwitnesspos-
brary.
University,
University, See Augusto theMorgan
the Magne,Library,
Morgan S. J., ed.and
Library, and O Livro de Vita Christi
the Huntington
the Huntington Li-
sible to know whether he asked Christine pos-
the
the celebration
celebration of
of these
these marriages
marriages it
it is
is not to em
brary.
brary. linguagem
See Augusto
See portugués
Augusto Magne,
Magne, (RioS. deJ.,J., Janeiro,
ed. O 0 Livro
Livro1957), 1, xiii.
de Vita For
Christi
Christi
sible to
sible
compose to know
know
the Troiswhether
whether Vertus he he
for asked Christine
Christine to
his granddaughter to the
em Boosco
emlinguagem
linguagem deleytoso:
portugugs
português Da (RioCosta
(Riode dePimpio,
Janeiro,
Janeiro, pp.1957),
9-10;I,i, Bell,
1957), pp.
xiii. For
xiii.
orcompose
compose
whetherthethe the TroiswriterVertus
Vertustook for his granddaughter
for his
advantage of the 93-94.
theBoosco
the Booscodeleytoso:deleytoso: DaDaCostaCosta Pimpão,
Pimpdo, pp. pp. 9-10;
9-10; Bell, pp.
or whether the writer took advantage 93-94.
93-94.
or whether the
occasion to dedicate one of her writer took advantage works of of the
to the
the 7 Livros Antigos Portugueses, 1, 354; also Conde de Sabu-
occasionwho
occasion to dedicate
to dedicate one of of her
her works
worksqueen to the the gosa,
77LivrosA Rainha
Livros Antigos
Antigos D. Portugueses,
Leonor (Lisboa,
Portugueses, I, i, 1921),
354;354;also pp.Conde
also 308-309,
Conde dede Sabu-
Sabu-
princess was presumably a future of 8S. ASolente,
gosa,
gosa, A Rainha
Rainha ed.,
D. Le
D. Livre (Lisboa,
Leonor
Leonor des Fais 1921),
(Lisboa, et Bonnes pp. Meurs
308-309. du Sage
princessAwho
princess
France. who
short was
was presumably
presumably
time a future
before, Christine future had queen writ-of
of
Roy88S.Charles
S.Solente,
Solente, V, ed.,
Soc.Le
ed., LeH.Livre
Fr., des
Livre 2 vols.
des Fais et
Pais (Paris,
et Bonnes
Bonnes 1936-41);
Meurs du
Meurs duSeeSage
Sage 1,
France.
France.
ten one ofA her short time before,
best-known before,works,Christine
Le Livrehad had deswrit-
writ-
fais RoyCltarles
CharlesV,
Introduction,
Roy V,SocoSoc.H.
xxvi-xxxii. H. Fr.,
Fr., 22 vols.
vols. (Paris,
(Paris, 1936--41);
1936-41); See I, I.
tenone
ten oneof ofher herbest-known
best-knownworks, works,Le Le Livre
Livre des desfais
et bonnes meurs du sage roy Charles V, at the fais re- Introduction,
Introduction,
® To the thirteen xxvi-xxxii.
xxvi-xxxii.
manuscripts listed by Laigle (p. 34) must
etetbonnes
bonnes meurs
meurs du sage roy Charles V, V, at atthe the re-re- be 99added
ToTothe the sixthirteen
others: manuscripts
thirteen Boston Public
manuscripts listed Library
listed bybyLaigle (C. Cp.
Laigle C. 34)
(p. Willard,
34) must
must
quest of Philip ofduBurgundy.®
sage roy Charles
be added
be added six others:
six others: Boston Public Library
Library (C. C.
C. Willard,
quest
quest of Philip
of Philip of Burgundy.8
of Burgundy.8 “The ‘Three Virtues’ Bostonof ChristinePublic de Pisan,”(C. The Willard,
Boston
Le Livre des trois vertus, in any case, derives its Public
"The 'Three
"The Library Virtues'
'Three Quarterly,of
Virtues' of 1,Christine
October de
Christine 1950,Pisan,"
de 291-305).
The British
Tlte Boston
Boston
Le Livre des
considerable interestvertus,
Le Livre des trois
trois vertus,
from inthein any
anyfact case, case,
thatderivesderives
the au- its its Public Library
Library Quarterly, lI,ii,October
October1950, 1950,MS. 291-305).
Public
Museum Add. MS. Quarterly,
31, 841; Oxford-Bod. FrenchBritish
291-305). British
d. 5;
considerable
considerable interest
interest from
from
thor undertakes to counsel the young princess, as the
the fact
fact that
that the
the au- Museum
Museum
The Add. MS.
Add.
Hague-Koninklijke MS. 31,31, 841; Bibl.Oxford-Bod.
Oxford-Bod.
MS. 131 MS. MS.
C 26; French
French d. 5;
d.
Brussels-
thoras
thor
well undertakes
undertakes to counsel
to
her contemporaries, counsel the young
on young
the proper princess, role as of The Hague-Koninklijke
The
Bibl. Hague-Koninklijke
Royale MS. 10974; Bib!. Bibl. MS. MS. 131 131 C 26;
Vienna-Nationalbibliothek 26; Brussels-
Brussels-
Cod.
well
well as her contemporaries, on the proper role of Bib!.
Bibl. Royale
2604. Royale MS. MS. 10974;
10974;Vienna-Nationalbibliothek
Vienna-Nationalbibliothek Cod.
as
women in fifteenth-century society. Hereroleshe
her contemporaries, the proper of
2604. The
2604. The three three French editions, copies of of which are in the the
women
women
leans in
less in fifteenth-century
fifteenth-century
heavily on literary sources society.
society. thanHere Here
was she she
her Bibl. Nat.:
Bib!. Nat.: Le Le Tresor
Trésor de de la la CiteCité desdes Dames,
Dames, selon selon DameDame
leans less
leans
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and hea vily on
draws much literary
literaryof hersources
sources than was
inspiration wasfrom her Christine(Verard,
Cltristine (Verard,Paris, Paris, 1497);
1497); Le Le Tresor
Trésor de la Ci/é Cit6 des
des Dames
Dames
habit
habit and
and draws much
much of
of
observation of the life about her. She does, how- her
her inspiration
inspiration from
from dedegré
de degr6enen degre
degré et tous
el de de tous estatz,
esta/z, selonselon
Dame Dame Christine
Cltristine (Michel
(Michel
observation
observation of the
of thethe life
life about her.
about her. She She does, how- Lenoir, Paris,
Lenoir, Paris, 1503); Le Le Tresor
Trésor de de lalaCitWCité desdes Dames, selon selon
ever, make use of conventional framework of DameChristine,
Dame Christine, de ladeCiula Cite
de Pise, de Pise,
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el prouifitable
ever,
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make use
use of
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the conventional
conventional
three parts, dedicating the first to princesses, the framework
framework of
of
pour l'Inlroduc/ion
pour l'Introduction des des Roynes,
Roynes, Dames, Dames, Princesses
Princesses et et autres
autres
threeparts,
three
second parts,
to ladies dedicating
dedicating of the the the
court,first
first to to
and princesses,
princesses,
the third the to the femmesdedetous
femmes tousestats
estatz JehanAndré
Qehan Andre'etetDenis Denis Janot,
Janot, Paris,
second to
second to ladies
ladies of of thethe court,
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1536).
All use subject
Charity Cannon Willard 461
Charity
Charity Cannon
Cannon Willard Willard 461
461
Duchess of Cleves, was one of Margaret’s sisters. undertaking. The Moroccan army had little
Duchess
Duchess
The two ofof Cleves,
copies whichwaswere
was one formerly
one of Margaret's
of Margaret's sisters.
in the sisters.
Bour- undertaking.
undertaking.
difficulty The Moroccan
The
in repulsing Moroccan
the attackarmy armyand had had little
little
in forcing
The
The two copies
copies which
which were
were formerly
formerly in the Bour-a
Bour- difficultyininrepulsing
difficulty repulsingthe the attack
attack and in in forcing
forcing
bon family (one of which is B.N. 452) suggest the Portuguese to surrender. The price of the
the Portuguese
Portuguese to to surrender. The price
bon
bon family
family (one
(one of
ofwhich
which is
is B.N.
B.N. 452)
similar connection with another sister, Agnes,a suggest
suggest the
lives of the Portuguese surrender.
captivesThe wasprice to of of the
be the
the
=
similar
after 1425connection
similar connection
the Duchess wi th
with sister, Agnes,
another sister,
of Bourbon.!? Agnes, lives of
lives
return of the
of the
Ceuta. Portuguese
Portuguese
Dom Fernando captiveswas
captives wasgiven
was to beover
to the
the
after
after 1425
1425 the
the Duchess
Duchess of Bourbon.
Bourbon.10 lO
With the history of these manuscripts in mind, asreturn
return
hostageofofCeuta.
Ceuta. Dom Fernando
Dom
in exchange for the release was
was given
given over
over
of other
it isWithnot the
With the history
historytoof
necessary these
oflook
these a manuscripts
manuscripts
great deal farther in mind,
in mind,
for asas hostage
hostage
warriors.}* in exchange
exchange for
for the
the release
release of
of other
other
warriors.1212
warriors.
aititlink
isisnot
not necessary
necessary
between look a great
the toPortuguese greatand deal
deal farther
the farther
Burgun- for
for At the time of Duarte’s death a year later the
a link
adianlink between
between the
the Portuguese
Portuguese
Courts in the middle of the fifteenth cen- and the
the Burgun- At the
At
terrible the timeof
time
problem ofDuarte's
ofDuarte's
whether death
death thea year
terms later of thethe
the
dian Courts
dian
tury. It is to in be the
in the
found middle
middle
in the of the
thefifteenth
ofperson of Isabelcen-
fifteenth cen-of terrible
terrible problem of whether
treaty were to be met or not was still being the
problem of whether the
the terms
terms of
of the
de-
tury.
tury. ItIt is
is to
to be
be found
found in
in
Portugal, Duchess of Burgundy, whose support- the
the person of
of Isabel
Isabel of
of treaty were
treaty
bated. were to
Pedro toand
be met
be met
an or or not was still
not
illegitimate being de-
brother, de-
the
Portugal,
ing role in Duchess
Portugal, Duchess
the activitiesof Burgundy,
of of her husband,whose support- Philip bated. ofPedro
bated.
Count Pedro and
and an
Barcelos, an illegitimate
were in favor of brother,
illegitimate carrying the
brother, the
out
inging role
role in
in the
the activities
activities
the Good, is still imperfectly understood, thoughof
of her
her husband,
husband, Philip Count
Count
the of Barcelos,
of
agreement Barcelos,
to thewere
were in
letter,in favor
favor
but there of
of carrying
were others out
the
the Good,
Good, is still
still imperfectly
imperfectly understood,
understood, though theagreement
the agreement to the letter, letter, butbut there were others
admittedly significant. She was the aunt of the who felt that diplomatic considerations made the
who felt
feltthat
admittedly
admittedly
Queen significant.
Isabelsignificant.
mentioned She Shein waswas the
the aunt
the Madrid auntMS. of
of the
the
as who
holding of that diplomatic considerations
diplomatic
Ceuta necessary considerations made the
even at the cost the of
holdingof ofCeuta
Ceuta necessary
necessary even
Queen Isabel
Queen
instigator Isabel mentioned
of thementioned
Portuguese inin thethe Madrid
Madrid MS.
translation. MS. as holding
Dom Fernando’s liberty. Oneven his atreturn
the
the cost
costfromof
of
instigator
instiga
Althoughtor of ofthetheactual
the Portuguese
Portuguese transmissiontranslation. of a definite Dom Fernando's
Dom Fernando's liberty.
liberty. ofOn Onthehishis return
return army,from
from
Africa with the remnants defeated
Although
Although the
the actual
actual
manuscript from Brussels, or possibly transmission
transmission of aaLille,
of definite
definite to Africa
Africa with
with the
the remnants
rernnants
Prince Henry suggested that every effort be of
of the
the defeated
defeated army,
Prince Henry
manuscript
manuscript
Lisbon cannot from
from Brussels,
be Brussels,
proven orthis
ator possibly
possibly Lille,
time, Lille,there totois Prince
made to Henry
ransom suggested
suggested
the younger that
that everyevery effort
brother effort
short be of
sufficient circumstantial evidence to suggest suchis
Lisbon
Lisbon cannot
cannot be proven
proven at
at this
this time,
time, there
there is made
made to
to ransom the younger
giving up Ceuta. In the Cortes, commercialshort
ransom the younger brother
brother short of
inter-of
giving up up Ceuta.
Ceuta. In In the Cortes, commercial inter-
asufficient
course ofcircumstantial
sufficient circumstantial
events. It is known evidence
evidence thatto suggest
suggest
the Duchesssuch giving
ests favored keeping the
CeutaCortes,
at allcommercial
costs, but inter- agri-
a course
aIsabelcourse of
of events.
events. ItIt is
is known
known
did send various art objects to Portugal in that
that the
the Duchess
Duchess cultural interests were for saving thebut
ests
ests favored
fa vored keeping
keeping Ceuta
Ceuta at all
alI costs,
costs, but agri-
agri-
prince.
cultural interests
interests were
Isabelspecialdidship
a Isabel send various
which was art at objects
objects to
to Portugal
her disposal.!! Portugal Therein cultural
Death overtook the were
king for for saving
while saving the
he was the still prince.
prince.
trying
ais,a special
special ship
ship which
which was
was at
at her
her disposal."
disposal. l l There Death overtook
Death overtook the
the king
king while
while he
he was
was still
still trying
trying
furthermore, no doubt that throughout her to decide what should be done.
todecide
is,
life is, furthermore,
furthermore,
she followed with nono doubt
doubt
great that interest throughout
throughout
the fortunes her
her to Indecide
the end what should
what theshould
lines be of done.
conflict sharpened and
In the
the endend thethe lines of of conflict
conflict sharpened
life life she
she followed
followed with
with
of her relatives in Portugal. There were also great interest the fortunes
fortunes In
nothing was accomplished. The sharpened
unfortunate and
ofof her her relatives
circumstances relatives which inin Portugal.
might well There
Portugal. There
have were were
suggested also nothing
nothing
prince waswaswas accomplished.
to languish The
accomplished.
allowed The unfortunate
in prisonunfortunate
until he
circumstances
circumstances which
which might
might well
well have
have suggested prince was
prince was allowed
allowed to languish in in prison until he
to her that her niece had need of the sort of died a martyr’s death. In Portugal his relatives
toto her herwhichthat her her niece had need died aa martyr's
martyr's death. death. In In Portugal his relatives
advice that is toniece be foundhad in theof the
the sort
ofTrois sort of
Vertus.of died
became more and more involved in their own relatives
became more more and
advice
advice which
which is to be found
The death of Isabel of Burgundy’s olderfound in
in the
the Trois
Trais Vernus.
Vertus. became
quarrels, but inandFlanders
more
more involved the Duchess in
in their
their own
own
Isabel,
The
The deathdeath quarrels,but butin in Flanders
Flanders the the Duchess
Duchess Isabel,
brother, King of of
Duarte,Isabel onof
Isabel of 9Burgundy's
Burgundy's
September older older
1438, quarrels,
deeply affected, founded masses for the repose of
deeply affected,
affected, founded
brother,
brother, King
King Duarte,
Duarte,
created serious problems in Portugal. As the heir, on
on 9 September
September 1438,
1438, deeply
her brother’s soul founded
and received masses for
masses hisforconfessor,repose of
the repose whoof
created
created serious problems
problems in in Portugal. herbrother's
brother'ssoul soul and
and received
received his confessor, who
Afonso V,serious
was only six years old, the As
Portugal. As the heir,
the
question heir,
of her
had managed to smuggle his entrails back to
Afonso
aAfonso regency V,V, was
was only
required only immediate
six years
six years old, old, the question
the
attention. question In theof hadhad managed
Portugal managed to
for burialto smuggle
smuggle
at Batalha.1® his entrails
his entrails back back to to
Portugal for
aend, a regency
regency
Duarte’s required
required immediate
immediate
brother, attention.
Dom attention.
Pedro, became In the
the Althoughfor
Portugal burial at
a burial at Batalha.
Batalha.13 la
marriage was arranged between the
end, end, Duarte's
Duarte's brother,
brother,
regent against the wishes of Duarte’s widow, Dom
Dom Pedro,
Pedro, became
became
young Although
King aaAfonso
Although marriage
marriage andwaswas arranged
_ hisarranged between
cousin Isabel, the
Dom
regentregentagainst against the the wishes
wishes of
V of of Duarte's widow,
Duarte's widow, youngKing
young KingAfonso Afonsoand and his his cousin
cousin Isabel,
Isabel, Dom Dom
Leonor, sister of Alfonso Aragon. A consider- Pedro’s daughter, whom he indeed seems to have
Pedro's daughter,
daughter, whom
Regent whom he indeed
indeed seems
of seems to have
have
Leonor,
able Leonor,partsister
of theof
sister of Alfonso
Alfonso V
Portuguese V of Aragon.
ofnobility
Aragon.favored AA consider-
consider-her Pedro's
loved, the and Leonorhe Aragonto con-
able able part
partto of of the
the the Portuguese nobility favored her
Portuguese loved, the
loved, the Regent
Regent and and Leonor of Aragon con-
claims throne. tinued to be on bad terms. Their quarrels madecon- of Aragon it
claims claims to
Portugal to the throne.
was further divided over the question tinued to
tinued
possible tobe
forbeon onbad
the bad terms.Their
terms.
Count of Their quarrels made
quarrels
Barcelos made it
(later the
Portugal
of the defeatwas
Portugal wasin further
further divided
Tangierdivided the year overbefore.
over thequestion
the question
This possiblefor
possible forthe the Count
Count of of Barcelos
Barcelos (later (later the the
ofthethesequel
defeat 10 Les Enseignements d’Anne de France @ sa fille Suzanne,
oftragic defeat toinintheTangier
Tangier
capturethe the year
Ceuta before.
of year before.
(1415) This had A. 10M.
10Les Chazaud,
Les
Enseignements ed. (Moulins,
Enseignements d'Anne1878),d'Anne Appendice;
de France deà France Laigle,
sa filie d p.sa40.fille Suzanne,
Suzanne,
been tragic
tragic sequel
ansequeI
unpopular totothethe causecapture
capture fromofof Ceuta
Ceuta
the (1415)
start,(1415)but Dom had A."Sousa
M. Chazaud,
Chazaud, (Moulins,
A. M. Viterbo, D. Isabel 1878),
ed. (MouJins, 1878), Appendice;
de Portugal
Appendice; DuquezaLaigle,
Laigle, de p.
p.Bor-
40.
been been an
an unpopular
unpopular cause
cause
Fernando, the youngest of the five princes of the from
from the
the start,
start, but
but Dom
Dom gonha,
1111SousanotasViterbo,
Sousa documentaes
Viterbo, para de
D.D. Isabel
Isabel a sua
de biografia
Portuzgal
Portugal et parade
Duqueza
Duqueza dea Bor-
his-
Bar-
Fernando,
HouseFernando, of Avis,the youngest
youngest
had been of ofespecially
the five
the five princes
interested of the
in gonha,
ganha,
toria notas
dasnotas
relagées documentaes
documentaes
entre Portugalpara paraeaa sua a biografia
Cérte sua biografia
de Borgonhaet para eta para
(Lisboa,his- a his-
HouseHouse of
of A Avis,
vis, had
had been
been especially
especialIy interested
interested in
in 1905),
t6ria
tória daspp.
das 11-13, entre
relaojes
relações publishes
entre
Portugal a eletter
Portugal a Cárteeof ade
3 Cdrte
April
Barganha 1445,
de which (Lisboa,
Borgonha
(Lisboa,
the new venture because he had not been old 1905),topp. pp. 11-13, aa letter
the the new
new venture
venture because
because he
he had
had not
not been
been old refers
1905), this11-13,
ship bearing
publishesworks of artof
letter 3 April
April 1445,
of destined which
for Batalha
which
enough to take part in the original expedition. referstoto
(Torre
refers this
dothisTombo, shipbearing
ship bearing worksof
Chancellaria
works deofart
art destined
D. destined
Affonso for for Batalha
V, Batalha
liv. 25,
Heenough
enough had to to take strongly
take
been part in
part in the backedoriginal
original by expedition.
expedi
the thirdtion. (Torre
(Torre
fol. 77). do do Tombo,
Tombo, Chancellaria
Chancellaria de de D.D. Affonso
Affonso V, V, liv.
liv. 25,
25,
He He had
brother, had Henrybeen
been strongly
strongly
the Navigator, backed
backed and by byby thethe
Leonor third
third
of fol. 77).
foI. 77). Domingos
See Mauricio Gomes dos Santos, S. J.,
brother,But
brother,
Aragon. Henry
Henry Pedro thewas
the Navigator,
Navigator,
opposed, and and Leonor
by Leonor
preferring of
of
to see D. 12Duarte
12 e Domingos
as responsabilidades
SeeSeeDomingos MauriciodeGomes
Mauricio Tanger dos
Gomes 1433-1438
dos Santos,
Santos, (Lisboa,
S. J.,J.,
Aragon. But Pedro
Pedro 1960).
D.D. Duarte
Duarte eeas asresponsabilidades
responsabilidadesdedeTânger Tanger1433-1438
1433-1438(Lisboa,(Lisboa,
Aragon.
the country But put itswas
was opposed,
opposed,
efforts into preferring
preferring
the voyages see
to see
of 3 Da Costa Pimpio, p. 292; Sousa Viterbo, pp. 29-30, for
1960).
1960).
the the country
exploration country put its
put
which its efforts
wereefforts
being into into the
carried theonvoyages
voyages
along the of
of
text1313Da
of Dadocuments
Costa Pimpão,
Costa Pimpao, 292;
292; Sousa
in thep. Torre Viterbo,
do Tombo;
Sousa Viterbo, D. pp.
Fr. 29-30,
pp. Joao for
29-30, Al-
for
exploration
exploration which
which were
were
western coast of Africa. King Duarte, not a verybeing
being carried
carried on
on along
alóng the textofof
text documents
documents in the Torre doD,doTombo;
Tombo;D. D. Fr.
Fr. João
Joaodos Al-
varez, Chronica do in the
Infante Torre
Santo Fernando, Mendes Al-
westerncoast
western
decisive coastof
person ofat Africa.
Africa.
best, King KingDuarte,
favored Duarte, not aa very
the expedition varez,Chronica
Remedios,
varez, Chronica dodoInfante
ed. (Coimbra, Infante Santodocuments
1911);
Santo D.D. Fernando,
Fernando, Mendes dos
concerning
Mendes the
decisive
decisive person
person at
at best,
best, favored
favored the expedition Remedios, ed.
Remedios,
foundation ofed.a (Coimbra,
(Coimbra,
chapel by 1911);1911);
the Duchessdocuments
documents Isabelconcerning
concerning
in Santo An- the
but was unable to persuade the Cortes to support foundation
foundation ofofatoachapel
chapel bybythethe Duchess Isabel
but was unable
unableThus persuade the Cortes support ténio of Lisbon the memory ofDuchess
her brother Isabel
on 18in November
Santo An-
itbut was
adequately. to persuade
the army theset out to
Cortes in support
August 1471
tonio
tônio have
of of beento the
Lisbon
Lisbon published
to the
memorymemorybyof herV. of Braamcamp
her brother
brother Freire
on 18 Novemberon 18inNovember
it it adequately. Thus the
1437 with a force known to be too small August
adequately. Thus army
army set
set out
out in
in August
for the Archivo
1471have
1471 Hist6rico
have beenPortugués,
been publishedv1,
published by
by 438-442.
V. Braamcamp
V. Braamcamp Freire Freire in in
14371437 withwith aa force force knownknown to to bebe too small small for for the ArchivoHistórico
Archivo HistiricoPortuguês,
Portuguts,VI, vi,438-442.
438-442.
All use subject
462 A Portuguese Translation of the “Livre des trois vertus”’
462
462 A Portuguese
A Translation of the "Livre
of the "Livre vertus"
des trois vertus"
Duke of Braganga) to play a significant role. His
Duke
Duke of
intrigues of Bragança)
Braganga)
against Dom to play
to playPedro aa significant
significant
make it role. role.
evidentRis
His
who were of course at the mercy of their father’s
who were
who
enemies.
enemies.
wereAlthoughof course
of
Although
coursehe at did
at the not mercy of their
succeed in the
S
father's
first
intriguesagainst
intrigues
that he had against alwaysDom Dom Pedro
resentedPedro make
hismakepositionit
it evident
evident
in the enemies.
part of hisAlthoughmission, he the did not
not succeed
emissary succeed ininthe
did undoubtedly thefirstfirst
that
that he
he had
had always resented
family even though their father, King Joao, had his position in the
the part
part ofof his
his mission,
mission, the
the
protect the lives of the children. The oldest son, emissary
emissary did
did undoubtedly
undoubtedly
familyeven
family even though
though their their father,
father,King King João,Joao, had protect
protect thelives
the lives of the
of the children.
children. The oldest
The son,
given him many advantages to compensate for the Constable Dom Pedro, escaped to several
givenhim him many many advantages
advantages to compensate compensate for the Constable
Constable Dom Pedro,
given
his illegitimate birth. for the
years of exile inDom Spain. Pedro, Two escaped of the to to several
several
daughters,
his illegitimate
his As illegitimate
a result ofbirth. the endless quarrels Leonor of years of
years
Caterina of exile
exile in
and in Spain.
Philippa,Spain. Two Two
the latterof
of the theonly daughters,
daughters,
twelve
As aa result
result of of thethe endless
endless quarrels
quarrels Leonor of
As
Aragon finally sought refuge in Spain, where she of years old at the time of her father’s death, twelve
Caterina
Caterina and
and Philippa,
Philippa, the
the latter
latter only
only twelve
found
Aragon
Aragon
died finally
finalIy
in 1445. sought refuge
sought
Inevitably, refuge
Pedroin in Spain,
Spain,
was where she
suspected of years old
years
refuge old
in one at the
at time of
convent of her
or her father's
father's
another. death, found
death,
Philippa spent
diedin
died
having inhad 1445.
1445. Inevitably,
herInevitably,
poisoned. Pedro This rumor was suspected
suspected
and others of
of refuge
refuge
the rest inin of oneoneconvent
her convent
days ororanother.
at Odivelas, another. where Philippa
Philippa her distin-spent
having had
having had her her poisoned.
poisoned. This rumor rumor and others
others the
the rest
rest ofof her her days
days atat Odivelas,
Odivelas, where
where her distin-
eventually succeeded in turning Afonso against guished English grandmother, Philippa of Lan-
eventually succeeded succeeded in turning Afonso against guished English
eventualIy
his uncle. turning Afonso guished
caster, hadEnglish grandmother, Philippa
died.1® grandmother, Philippa of of Lan-
Lan-
his unde.
his uncle. caster,
caster, had had died.died."5
The following year, when the young king was Queen Isabel enjoyed the protection of the
16
The following
The
declared following year,
of age byyear, when the
Cortes, the
the when young king
young
Prince Henry,king was
the Queen Isabel
Queen Isabel enjoyed enjoyed the protection
the otherprotection of the
of twothe
King, of course, but the three children,
declared of
dedared of ageage by the Cortes, Cortes, Prince Prince Renry,Henry, the King,
King, of
of course,
course, but
but the three other
other children,
children, two
peacemaker among the family factions, viewed sons and a daughter, eventually reached the
peacemaker among the
peacemaker
with distress his brother’s the family
family
retirement factions,
factions, from viewed Court sons and
sons
safety and
of their a daughter,
daughter,
aunt’s court eventually
in Bruges. reached
eventualIy The firstthe
reached the
to
withdistress
with distress his his brother's
brother's retirement
retirement from from Court Court safety
safety of
of their
their aunt's
aunt's court
court in
in Bruges.
Bruges. The
The first
first to
and attempted to have him retained as an adviser arrive was Dom Jaime, who had been taken
toand
and attempted to
attempted
their to have
fourteen-year-old have him him retained
retained as
nephew. as an
As an adviser
thisadviser
plan arrivewas
arrive
prisoner was Dom Jaime,
Dom
at Alfarrobeira Jaime, who
andwho was had had
thus been
been taken
in particu-taken
toto their
their fourteen-year-old
fourteen-year-old
did not have the approval of the former Regent’s nephew.
nephew. AsAs this
this plan prisoner
prisoner atat Alfarrobeira
Alfarrobeira
lar danger, from which he was rescued only by and
and was
was thus in particu-
did not
not havehave the
did
enemies, now the approval of
ledapproval
by the ofDuke the former
former Regent's Regent's
of Braganga, lar danger,
lar
the danger, from
concerted fromwhich
effortswhich of his hehe was was rescued only by
sister the Queen, the
enemies,
enemies, nownow led
led by
by
Pedro’s official role was gradually diminished the
the Duke of
of Braganga,
Bragança, the
the concerted
concerted efforts
efforts
Pope, and the Duchess of Burgundy. ofof his
his sisterthe
sister theQueen,
AtQueen,
the end the
Pedro's
Pedro's official
in official
1448, he role role was gradually
was gradualIy diminished
diminished Pope,
Pope, and the
and the Duchess
Duchess of Burgundy.
of Burgundy. At the end end
until, received his final dismissal and of December 1449, accompanied by the At the
Bishop of
until,
until, inin 1448,
1448, he
he received
received
retired to his estates. At Court the influence of his
his final
final dismissal
dismissal and ofof December
December 1449,
1449, accompanied
accompanied by
by the
the Bishop
Bishop of
of
Silves, Dom Frei Alvaro Paes, and other follow-
retiredto
retired
the Duke toofhis his estates.
estates. At
Braganca At Court the
and his sonthewas influence
triumph-of
influence of Silves,
Silves,
ers, Dom Frei
Dom
he landed at the Alvaro port Paes,Paes,
of Sluys, and
and otherother follow-
where folIow-
he was
the
the
ant. Duke
Duke of
of Braganca
Bragança and
and his
his son
son was
was triumph-
triumph- ers, hehe landed
landed at
at the
welcomed by the Duchess herself. In 1450 he
ers, the port
port of
of Sluys,
Sluys, where
where he was
he was
welcomed by
ant.
ant.
Later the same year, when the King ordered welcomed
followed by by theDuchess
histhe Duchess herself.
brother, Joao herself. In
of Coimbra, In 1450 he was
and his
Dom Later
Later Pedro the to
the same
same allow year,
year, when
when the
Braganga theto King
pass ordered
King ordered
through followed
folIowed byby his hisbrother,
brother,João Joao of ofCoimbra,
Coimbra, and and his
sister Beatrice.16
Dom
Dom Pedro
Pedro to toalIowallow Braganga
Bragança
his lands with a heavy guard, Pedro likewise to pass to pass
through through
sister
sister Beatrice.16
Beatrice. 16
The Duchess made every effort to re-establish
his lands
landsanwith a heavyabout guard, Pedro likewise The Duchess
Duchess made
his
gathered with army heavy guard,
him and Pedro likewise
refused to herThe unfortunate young every
made every
relatives effort
effort to re-establish
in life. They soon
gathered
gathered an an army
armythe about
about Kinghim him and refusedhis uncle to
refused toa herunfortunate
her unfortunate young relatives life. TheyThey soon
comply, whereupon declared appeared at courtyoung festivitiesrelatives alongin life.with the other soon
comply, whereupon
comply, whereupon the the King
King dedared
declared his unde uncle a appeared
appeared at
at court
court festivities along
along with
with the
the other
rebel and undertook to crush him once and for Burgundian nieces and nephews who were being
rebel and
rebel
all. So andit was undertook to
that earlyto incrush
undertook crush him
1449 him King’sand
the once for
andlargefor Burgundian
Burgundian
brought up there. niecesEventually
nieces and nephews
nephews (in who
who1452)were being
Beatrice
all. So
alI. Socameit was
it was facethat earlywith
to early in 1449
in 1449 the King's
the King'ssmalllarge brought
brought upupthere.there. Eventually
EventualIy (in 1452)
1452)nephews,
army face his uncle’s one was married to one of the (in Duke’s Beatrice
armythe came face to to face
faceRiver.
with his his uncle'sboth smallhesi- was marriedmarried toto one one of of
army
near carne face
Alfarrobeira with unde's
Though smalI one was
Adolph of Cleves, Lord of the
the Duke's
Duke's nephews,
Ravenstein.!” nephews,
near the
near the Alfarrobeira
Alfarrobeira River. River. Though Though both hesi- hesi- Adolph
Adolph of
of Cleves,
Cleves, Lord
Lord of
of Ravenstein.17
RavensteinY
tated to open an attack, the accidental firing of a Shocked by the horror of what he had wit-
tated to to on open an attack,
attack, side the accidental
them firing firing of Shocked by the horror horror of what
what he had
tated
cannon open an
Pedro’s the
threw accidental upon of
onea Shocked
nessed, Dom by the
Jaime turned of from worldly he life wit-
wit-
and
cannon on
cannon
another. on Pedro's
In Pedro's
spite of side threw
threw them
a courageous them defense uponDom
upon one nessed, Dom
nessed,
entered Dom
the church.Jaime
Jaime turned turned
Progressing from
from rapidlyworldly through life and
life and
another. In spite of of aa courageous
courageous defense Dom entered the
another.
Pedro was In spite
pierced through the heart defense by an arrow. Dom entered
its ranks the church. Progressing
became Progressing
he church. Bishop of Arras, rapidlyAbbot through
of
Pedro waslay pierced through forthe its ranks
ranks he
Abbey heofbecame became Bishop of of Arras, Abbot
Abbot of
Pedro
His bodywas pierced
abandoned through heart day
a whole by an arrow.
before it its
the Dunes in Bruges, Arras,
Archbishop of
of
His
Ris body
body lay
lay abandoned
abandoned
was rescued by some peasants and eventually for
for a
a whole
whole day
day before
before it the
the Abbey
Abbey ofof Dunes
Dunes in Bruges,
Bruges, Archbishop
Archbishop of
of
was rescued
was
given rescued
a decentby by someinpeasants
some
burial peasants
the Castle andof eventually
eventualIy
Abrantes. 44 Kervyn de Lettenhove, ed., Zuvres de Georges Chastellain
givenaa decentdecent burial burial in (Bruxelles,
1414 Kervyn
Kervyn 1863-66), 1, i.
de Lettenhove,
de Lettenhove, ed., (Euvres
ed., (Euvres de Georges de Chastellain
Georges Chastellain
givenThe repercussions of in the Castle of
thisthe event wereof more Abrantes.
than (Bruxelles,
48 The
(Bruxelles, discourses 1863-66),
1863-66), of I,thei. i,Deani. of Vergy were published in
local.TheThe
The repercussions
repercussions
news traveled of this
this event were
event
northward to more
the Courtthan
Oliveira
1511TheTheMartins,
discourses
discourses Os ofofFilhos
theDean
the de Jodo
Dean I (7* ed.,
of Vergy
of Vergy were
were Lisboa,
published
published 1947),in
local. The
local. The news traveled northward northward to the Court
of Burgundy, where the Duke and Duchess were pp.
Oliveira383-419;
Oliveira Martins, cf. also
Martins, OsOs theFilhos
Filhos lastde chapter,
de Jodo
João 1(7- “AI ed.,
Descendéncia
(7a ed.,
Lisboa, Lisboa, do1947),
1947),
ofofBurgundy,
Burgundy,
outraged. Not wherewhere
only was theDuke
the Duke
the and Duchess
and
Duchess’ Duchess
loss ofwere
were
her Condenado,”
pp. 383-419;
pp. 383-419; cf. pp. also
cf. 309-318.
also the last
the last For D. Philippa,
chapter,
chapter, "A see Carlota
"A Descendência
Descendencia do
outraged. Not Abrantes
Condenado,"
Condenado," Saraiva, O309-318.
InstitutoFor
pp. 309-318.
pp. de D.
For Odivelas,
D. Philippa,
Philippa, breve seenoticia his-
Carlota
Carlota
outraged.
brother hardNot only was the
foronlyher to bear; the Duchess'
Duchess'
Dom Pedro’s loss
lossof of her
her
death
brother
brother hard
hard for
for herher to to bear;
bear; DomDom Pedro's
Pedro's death
death térica
Abrantes
Abrantes (Lisboa,Saraiva,
Saraiva, 1960), pp.
0OInstituto 5-6.
Instituto de
de Odivelas,
Odivelas, breve
breve noticia
noticia his-
his-
and delayed burial must have reminded the Duke t6rica
tõr1:ca (Lisboa,
16 La (Lisboa,
Baronne1960), 1960),
Amaury pp. 5-6.
pp. 5-6.
de la Grange, “Itinéraire d’Isabelle
and delayed
and delayed
painfully of burial
burial must have reminded
must
the circumstances have of his the
reminded the Duke
Duke
father’s de 161BPortugal,”
LaLaBaronne
Baronne Annales
Amaury
Amaury dudedeComité
lalaGrange, Flamand
Grange, de France,
"Itin6raire
"Itinéraire xutt
d'Isabelle
d'Isabelle
painfully
painfulIy
death at theofofBridge the circumstances
the circumstances
of Montereau of of his
his father's
in 1419.14 father's de Portugal,"
de
(Lille, Portugal,"
1938), 134-135; Annales Olivier
Annales dusComité
du ComitM Flamand
de laFlamand
Marche, de France,
deMémoires,
France, ed.XLII
XLII
death
death at first
the Bridge
Bridge of Montereau in
in 1419.14 (Lille,Beaune
Henri 1938), 134-135; Olivier de la
et J. d’Arbaumont Marche,
(Paris, Mgmoires,
1883-88),
Mémoires, 1, 135-ed.
Theirat the official of Montereau 1419. 14 (Lille, 1938), la Marche,
gesture was to send an am- etetJ.J.d'd'Arbaumont
Their first
Their first officialgesturegesture wasto tothesend an am- 141;
Henri
Remi Oliveira
Beaune
Beaune Martins, p. 311.
Arbaumont (Paris,1883-88),
(Paris, 1883-88),lI,ii,135- 135-
bassador to official
Portugal to protestwas send an
shocking 17
141;
141; José Cortéz,
Oliveira
Oliveira “Infantes
Martins,
Martins, p. 311. de Aviz retratados por Van der
bassadoroftothe
bassador
behavior to Portugal
Portugal
Court. In to August
to protest 1449
protest the shocking
the shocking
the Dean 1717 Jos'Cortéz,
José Cort6z, "Infantes de Aviz
Aviz retratados por Van derder
Weyden?” Belas "Infantes
Artes: de
Revista e retratados
Boletim dapor Van
Academia
ofbehavior
behavior
Vergy of of the
leftthe Court.on
Court.
Bruges InIn August
August
this 1449 the
1449
mission. the
Once Dean
Deanin Nacional
Weyden?"
Weyden?" de Belas
BelasArtes
Belas Artes:(Lisboa,
Artes: Revista
Revista 1953), 2a série, da
ee Boletim
Boletim no. Academia
da 8, 13-18,
Academia
ofofVergy
Lisbon Vergy he left leftBruges
pronouncedBruges on on this
four this mission.
mission.
discourses Oncethe
Once
before in suggests
Nacional
Nacional that
dede aBetas
Belas portrait
Artes Artes in the(Lisboa,
(Lisboa, National 2a Gallery
1953),1953), série,2ano. of 8,London
s6rie, no. 8, 13-18,
13-18,
Lisbon
Lisbon
King andhe the pronounced
pronounced four
four discourses
Court undertaking discoursesto defendbefore
beforeDom the represents
suggeststhat
suggests this aaprincess.
that portraitin
portrait The
in the marriage
the National
National treaty
Gallery of Beatrice
of London
Df London of
King and
King and the Court
the Court undertaking
undertaking toproper
defendburial Dom Coimbra
represents
represents with this
this Adolf
princess.of Cleves
princess. The is preserved
The marriage treatyin Lille,
of Archives
of Beatrice of
Df
Pedro’s innocence while demandingto defend Dom
du
Coimbra
Coimbra Nord, with B428.Adolf
with Cf. ofalso
Adolf of Olivier
Cleves
Cleves is is de la Marche,
preserved
preserved in Lille,
in Lille, mt, Archives
378;
Archives
Pedro's innocence
Pedro's
for him innocence
and suitable while demanding proper burial
demanding
protection for his children, du Nord,
Rogers,
du Nord, B428.
DomB428. Pedro,Cf.Cf. pp.also Olivier
Olivier de la
77-79. la Marche,
Marche, mi, m, 378;
forhim
for himand and suitable
suitable protection
protection for for his children,
children, Rogers, Dom
Rogers, Dom Pedro,
Pedro, pp. pp. 77-79.
77-79.
All use subject
Charity
Cannon W illard 463
Lisbon, and finally Cardinal. After a sojourn in
Lisbon,
Lisbon,
Rome
Rome at
Rome
Monastery
and
at and
at the
finallyCourt
the finally
Papal
the Papal
of Papal
the Court
Cardinal.
Cardinal.
Court he
Mount heofat
After
he at After aa sojourn
last retired
last
last retired
atOlives
sojourn
retired
in Perugia,
to the
to the
in
father’s memory, a concern of great importance
tofather's
father's
totothe
de
memory,aaIsabel.
memory,
the Burgundian
theBurgundian
Pisan Burgundian
had included
concern
concern
Isabel.
Isabel.
of great
of great importance
Fortunately,
in Fortunately,
her treatise an
importance
Christine
Christine
abun-
S
Monastery
Monastery
but died anof ofuntimely
the Mount
the Mount of Olives
of
death Olives
in Florencein Perugia,
in on dede Pisan
dance Pisan had
of had
advice included
for bothin her
her treatiseThe
treatise
purposes. an abun-
an very
but
but died
died an
an untimely
untimely
15 April 1459. His aunt commissioned his mag- death
death in
in Florence
Florence on dance
dance of
existence ofofadvice
advice for both
for
the Portuguese purposes. The
both translation
purposes. very
very
indicates
1515April
Apriltomb
nificent 1459.by
1459. HisRossellino,
Ris aunt commissioned still to be his seen mag- in existence
existence of
of thethe Portuguese
Portuguese translation
translation indicates
indicates
that Queen Isabel found merit in her aunt’s con-
nificenttomb tombby
nificent
Florence in thebyRossellino,
Rossellino, still
Church of stillSan to to be be seen in
Miniato al that Queen
thatfor
cern her Isabel
Queen Isabel
welfare.” merit in her
found merit her aunt's
aunt's con-
Florenceininthe
Florence the Church
Churchof of San San MiniatoMiniato al aI cern
cern for
for her
her welfare.
welfare.22
In the end it was the birth of the future Jodo II
22
Monte.18
Monte.188
Monte.l In the
In the end
end ititwas
wasthe thebirth
birthofof thetothe future
future Joao
João II II
Joao of Coimbra distinguished himself by which gave her the opportunity persuade the
Joao of
João
fighting atoftheCoimbra
Coimbra
side of his distinguished
distinguished
cousin Charles himself
himself
the Bold by
by which
which gave
gave her
her the
the opportunity
opportunity
King to allow the burial of Dom Pedro in his to to persuade
persuade the
fightingatatthe
fighting
against the the sideofofhis
side
rebel burghershiscousin
cousinCharles
of Charles
Ghent. the the Bold
He Boldwas King to
King
rightful to allow
allow the
place the burial of
burial
at Batalha, of Dom
inDom thePedro in
in his
his
Founders’
against the the rebel
against
rewarded withrebel burghers of
the burghers
Order of the of Ghent.
Ghent. He
Golden Re was
Fleece. rightful
rightful place
place atat Batalha,
Batalha, in
in
Chapel with his parents and brothers. However, the
the Founders'
Founders'
rewarded with
rewarded with the the Order
Order of ofthe the Golden
Golden Fleece. Fleece. Chapel with
Chapel with his his parents
parents andand brothers.
brothers. However,However,
When his uncle left the realm to go to Ratisbonne
When
When
in hisJodo
1454,his unclewas
unde leftthe
left therealm
realmto
appointed toa gogo totoRatisbonne
member Ratisbonne
of the 18 José Cortéz, op. cit. Belas Artes 2 série, no. 6. Part m1,
inin 1454,
1454, Joao
João was
was appointed aa member
member of
of thethe “Dom1818José Jaime,
Jose Cortéz,
Cortez,Cardeal
op.op. daBelas
citocit. Santa
Belas Artes Igreja
Aries 2a Romana,”
2" série, no. 6.
s6rie, no.Part 23-27;
6. Part
III, iII,
Council of Regency. A marriage was eventually Rogers,
"Dom Jaime,
"Dom pp. 82-85.
Jaime, Cardeal
Cardeal In “New dada Santa Documents
Santa Igreja concerning
Igreja Romana," 23-27;
Romana," Dona-
23-27;
Council
Council ofof Regency.
Regency. AA
arranged for him with Charlotte of Lusignan, marriage
marriage was
was eventually Rogers, pp.82-85.
82-85. In "New
"New Documents
Rogers,
tello, Luccapp. and Andrea In della Robbia, concerning
Documents concerning
Desiderio, Dona- Dona-
Mino,
arranged for
arranged
daughter offorthe him
him King withofCharlotte
with Charlotte
Cyprus. of of
There,Lusignan, for a tello,Lucca
tello,
Uccello, Lucca
Pollaiuolo,and Andrea
and Andrea
Filippo della della Robbia,
Lippi, Robbia,
Baldovinetti Desiderio,
Desiderio,
and Others,” Mino,
Mino,
daughter
daughter
brief periodofofbefore theKing
the Kinghis of of
earlyCyprus.
Cyprus.death, There,
There,
he became for
for a Uccello,
Uccello,
The Pollaiuolo,
Pollaiuolo,
Art Bulletin, Filippo
Filippo
xu1v, June Lippi, Lippi,
1962, Baldovinetti
Baldovinetti
155-167, Frederick and
and Others," Others,"
Hartt
briefperiod
period before hisPrince
earlydeath, outlines
TheArt
The a Bulletin,
controversy
ArtBulletin, XLIV, which
June June is taking
1962, 1962,155-167, place Frederick
155-167, overFrederick
the publi-
HarttHartt
brief before title his early ofdeath, he became
he XLIV,
regent, with the of Antioch. Chas-
regent,with
regent, withthe thetitle
titleof ofPrince
Princeof ofAntioch.
Antioch. Chas- Chas- cation
outlines
outlines ofa acontroversy
thecontroversy
Cambini which documents
which is taking which
is taking were
placeplaceover over discoveredthe publi-
the publi-
tellain’s account of his departure from the Court (1956)
cationin
cation ofofthe theFlorentine
the Cambini documents
Cambini Archivio
documents dell’Ospedale
whichwere
which were degli Inno-
discovered
discovered
tellain's
tellain's account
account of
of his departure
of Burgundy gives some idea of the considerable from
from the
the Court (1956) ininthe theFlorentine
Florentine Archivio dell'Ospedale deglidegli
centi
(1956) and announces the Archivio
forthcoming dell'Ospedalepublication TheInno-
of Inno-
ofofBurgundy
place Burgundy
he had made gives some
gives some
for idea of
idea
himself of the considerable
the
there.9 considerable Chapel
centiand
centi of theannounces
and Cardinal the
announces ofthePortugal
forthcoming
forthcoming by the publication
Univ. of Pennsyl-
publication of of TheThe
place he
place he hadhad made made for
for himself
himself
The Duchess of Burgundy’s continuing inter- there.'9
there. 19 vania
Chapel
Chapel Press.
ofoflhethe Cardinal
Cardinal of ofPortugal
Portugal by by the the Univ. Univ.of Pennsyl-
of Pennsyl-
The Duchess
vania
vania Press.
19 Castellain, m1, 121 ff; La Chronique d’Enguerrand de
est The
in the Duchess part ofof Burgundy's
of the
Burgundy's
family which continuing
continuing remained inter-
inter-in 1919
Monstrelet, Castellain,
Castellain, publ. III,parIII,121L.121 ff;Douétff; Chronique
La La
d’Arcq, Chronique Soc. Hist.d'Enguerrand
d' Enguerrand de Fr. de de
est
est in
in the
the part
part of
of the
the family
family
the Iberian Peninsula is shown as late as 1465 by which
which remained
remained in M(Paris,
Monstrelet,
onstrelet,1857-62), publ.
publ. v,
parparcxx. OnDouet
L.L.Douet the d'Arcq,
departureSoe.
d'Arcq, Soc.of Hist.
her nephew
Hist. de Fr.
de Fr.
thesupport
the
her Iberian Peninsula
Iberian ofPeninsula
the Constable shown
is shown Dom asas late
late
Pedro’s as 1465 claims by (Paris,
Isabel
(Paris, 1857-62),
of1857-62),
Portugal v, v,cxx.
gave cxx.
himOn aOn thedeparture
series
the ofdeparture
tapestries of ofherher
describednephewnephew
as
her
her support
support of of thethe Constable
Constable
to the throne of Catalonia. She not only wrote a Dom
Dom Pedro's
Pedro's claims “une
Isabelchambre
Isabel of
ofPortugal
Portugala personnages
gave
gavehim him a etseries
six autres
a series of of grans tapis
tapestries
tapestries described aussi asa as
described
totothe
thesupporting
throneofofCatalonia.
throne Catalonia. Shebut notwas onlyresponsi-
wrote a "unechambre
"une chambreàInventaire
personnages,” apersonnages
personnages et
sixsix
des et Archives autres autresdugrans grans
Nord: tapistapis
Série Bà
aussiaussi 3
letter these claims
letter
letter supporting these daims claims but was (Lille,
personnages," 1863-1906),
personnages," Inventaire1v, 201.des
Inventaire des ForArchivesthe identification
Archives duduNord:
Nord: Série of VanB
Sirne
ble for supporting
sending Burgundian these but
troops to hisresponsi-
assist- der(Lille,
(Lille, 1863-1906),
Weyden’s
1863-1906), “Young IV,iv,Man 201.For
201. Forthe
with the identification
an identification
Arrow” in the ofBrus- of
VanVan
ble for
ble
ance for sending
in sending
the Battle Burgundian
Burgundian
of Calaf. She troops
troops was to toinvolved
his assist- in sels
der Museum
derWeyden's
Weyden's of"Young
Ancient Man
"Young Art with
Man as John
with an ofArrow"
an Arrow" Coimbra, inin the see Brus-
the José
Brus-
ance in in the
ance
trying to the Battle of
Battle
arrange aofmarriage
Calaf. She
Calaf. She was involved in
between him and Cortéz,
selsMuseum
seIs Museum“Dom ofof Joao de Coimbra:
Ancient
Ancient Art Art as as John Retrato
John of of por Rogier
Coimbra,
Coimbra, see seeVan Jos6
José
tryingtotoarrange
trying
Margaret ofarrange
York, aasister marriage
marriage of Edward between
between him
IV himof Eng- and Cortez,
der
Cortéz, Weyden,” "DomColéquio:
"Dom Joaode
João deCoimbra:
Coimbra:
Revista Retrato
de Retrato
Artes porRogier
e Letras,
por Rogier
vu, No.Van Van
7
Margaret of derWeyden,"
der
(Feb. Weyden,"
1960), 9-12. Col6quio:
Colóquio: The Revista Revista
portrait dewasde
Artes Artes e Letras,
e Letras,
formerly VII, vii,
thought No. toNo.
7 7
Margaret
land. Whenof York, York, sistersisterof
this project ofEdward
wasEdward IV of
IV
interrupted of Eng- by (Feb. 1960),
depict
(Feb. 1960), 9-12.
Antoine, 9-12.
“Le The The portrait
Grandportrait Batard was was formerly
de formerIy
Bourgogne,” thought
thoughtbut the to to
land. When
land.
Pedro’s Whendeath, this thisshe project
project
subsequently was
was interrupted
interrupted
promoted the by
by
depict
depict
latest Antoine,
Antoine,
edition of "Lethe"Le Grand
Grand
Guide Batard
Bâtard
Bleu (1958) dederefersBourgogne,"
Bourgogne," butbut
to the identifi- thethe
Pedro's
Pedro's death,
death, she subsequently
subsequently
marriage between Margaret and her own son promoted
promoted the
the latestedition
latest
cation edition
with Johnofoftheofthe Guide
Cuide
Coimbra. BleuBleu (1958)
See (1958)
also refers
refers
Annales todetothe the identifi-
identifi-
Bourgogne,
marriagebetween
marriage
Charles.”° between Margaret Margaret and and her her own own son son cation(1955),
xxvit
cation withJohn
with John
63. of of Coimbra.
Coimbra. SeeSee also also Annales
Annales de de Bourgogne,
Bourgogne,
Charles.20
Charles. 20 xxvii
20. (1955),
XXVII 63.
Martinez-Ferrando, Pere de Portugal, “rei dels cata-
There is thus every reason to suppose that the
There is is thus
thus wouldevery reasonreasonshared to suppose
suppose lans,”
2020E.E.vist a través del registres
Martinez-Ferrando,
Martínez-Ferrando, PerePeredela seva
de Portugal, cancelleria
de Portugal, "rei deis (Barce-
"rei dels cata-
cata-
There
Duchess Isabel every have to with that the rest the
the
lans,"
lans,"
lona, vista J.através
vist
1936); travis
Calmette,deidel registres
registres
‘““Dom dela
Pedro, delaroicancelleria
seva seva
des cancelleria
Catalans, (Barce- et (Barce-
Duchess Isabel
Duchess Isabel would would have
have shared
shared with
with the
the rest
rest
of the family a concern for the plight of the lalona,
lona, 1936);
Cour1936); J. J.
de Bourgogne,” Calmette,
Calmette, Annales
"Dom "Dom Pedro,
de Bourgogne,
Pedro, roi des roixvi des (1946),
Catalans, Catalans,
et et
ofof the
young the family
family aa concern
Portuguese queen, for
concern forwhosethe
the plightplight
position of
of thethe
at lalaCour
7-15; Cour“DeuxdedeBourgogne,"
Bourgogne,"
lettres du XV¢° Annales
Annales de
siécle deenBourgogne, Bourgogne,
portugais xviii (1946),
(1946),
aux archives
XVIII
young Portuguese
young Portuguese queen, queen, whose whose position 7-15;"Deux "Deuxde lettres dudu XVe siecle en portugais aux archives
wasposition at 7-15;
municipales lettresBarcelone,” XV· siecle
Etudes en portugais
Médiévales aux archives
(Toulouse,
court after her father’s disgrace far from
court after
court after her father's disgrace was far
far from 1946),
municipales p. 184. de de
municipales Barcelone,"
Barcelone," Études Atudes MUiévalesMtdiivales (Toulouse,(Toulouse,
pleasant, or her even father's
secure. disgraceIt was her wasdistressing from
1946),
1946), p. 184. de la insigne Reina Dota Isabel, revista e pre-
p.
"1 Tragedia
pleasant, or
pleasant, or even
even secure.
secure. It It waswas her
her distressing
distressing
situation which eventually inspired the Constable faciada
2121Tragediapor Carolina
Tragedia de de la lainsigneMichaélis
insigne Reina Reina de
Dona Vasconcelos
Donia Isabel,
Isabel, revista (Coimbra,
revista e pre-e pre-
situation
situation
Dom Pedro which
which eventually
to eventually
write inspired the
inspired
his Tragedia the laConstable
de Constableinsigne 1922),
faciada
faciada Introduction,
porCarolina
por Carolina p. Michaelis
20.
MichaelisdedeVasconcelos Vasconcelos(Coimbra, (Coimbra,
Reina Dofia Isabel, directed to theirla
Dom
Dom Pedro to
to write
write his
his Tragedia de
de la insigne
insigne
brother 1922),
® Among
1922), Introduction,
the chapters
Introduction, p.p. 20.
20.
of Part One of the Trois Vertus, the
Reina Dona
Reina
Jaime, Donia
then CardinalIsabel,
Isabel, directed
directed
of Portugal. to to their
their
It was brother
brother
obvi- following
2212Among
Among attract
the particular
thechapters
chapters ofofPart attention
Part OneOneofofthe intheTrois
this
Trois connection:
Vertus,
Vertuts, thethe
Jaime,then
Jaime, thenCardinal Cardinal of of Portugal.
Portugal. It It was obvi- following
Ch. iv: “Comment
folIowing attractparticular
attract laparticular
sage et attention attention
bonne in inthis
princepce this connection:
seconnection:
penera de
ously written between the Queen’s death in 1455 mettre
Ch.iv:
Ch. iv:paix entre Je laprince
"Comment
"Comment lasage
sageet etetbonne
lesbonnebarons s’il y aseaucun
princepce
princepce se des-
penera
penera de de
ously
ously
and thatwritten
written between
of the betweenCardinalthe the Queen's death in 1455
in Queen's
1459.7! 1455
cort,”
mettre
mettre and paix
paix Ch.entrexiv:le“Comment
entre le
princeprince et les la les
et sagebarons
barons princepce
s'il ys'ila y tendra
a aucun
aucun dis- des-
des-
and that
and that of of thethe Cardinal
Cardinal in in 1459.21
1459. 21
As for the Duchess of Burgundy’s possible crete
cort,"maniere,
cort," andandCh. meismement
Ch.xiv: xiv:"Comment
"Comment verslalaceulx
sage que
sageprincepce elle tendra
princepce sauratendra bien
dis-dis-
As for
As
motives for in thethe
sending Duchess
Duchess the Troisof
of Burgundy's
Burgundy's
Vertus to her possible
possible
niece, qui
crete
crete nemaniere,
l’aimeront
maniere, pas ou quiversvers
meismement
meismement aront
ceulx envie
ceulx queque sur elle
elle elle.”
saurasaura Thebien
bien
motives in sending
sending Trois qui ne
qui ne I'aimeront
description l'aimeront
of Queenpas pas ououqui
Isabel quiElaine
by arontenvie
aront enviesur
Sanceau, sur The elle."
elIe." Perfect
The The
motives
two present in themselves the Trais
at once.Vertus Since to
Vertus toherher
her niece,
interest
two present themselves Prince
description
description (Porto, ofof 1959),
Queen
Queen is Isabel
Isabelalso by significant:
byElaineElaine “A thoughtful
Sanceau,
Sanceau, The The girl,
Perfect
Perfecl
two
in thepresent
welfarethemselvesof her nieces and Since
at once. Since her
nephews her wasinterest
interestfar- Prince(Porto,
Prince
cultured (Porto, 1959),
like all 1959),
her isisalso
brothers alsoand significant:
significant:
sisters, like "A"A thoughtful
thoughtful
them she found girI,girl,
reaching, she would naturally have wished far-
in
in the
the welfare
welfare ofof her
her nieces
nieces and
and nephews
nephews was
was far-
to her chief Iike
cultured
cultured solace
likeali inher
allher books.
brothers
brothers Sheand read
and in
sisters, several
sisters, Iikelike languages
them them she she andfound
found
reaching,she
reaching,
offer some she would naturally
sort wouldof advice naturally have have wished
and consolation; wished she to
to caused
herchief
her chieftranslations
solace
solace inin tobooks.
books. be made
She She readofreaddevotional
in several
in several works besides
languages
languages and and
offersome
offer
would somesort
certainly sorthaveofofadvice
advice
hoped and and consolation;
to remind her niece she
she caused translations
caused
Christine translations
de Pisan’s to‘Livre to bebe made made
des of of devotional
devotional
trois vertus,’ works that works besides
code besides
of
would certainly
would certainly have have hoped to to remind
remind her
her niece Christine
Christine
behavior dede
for Pisan's'Livre
Pisan's
medieval 'Livre
young des des
ladies trois
trois vertus,'
. . .vertus,'
Isabel thatthat
was code
the code
hope of of
that her influence with the king could help re- ofbehavior
behavior for medieval
for
all her banished medieval family, young
young ladies
the lodestar ladies to... . . which
. Isabel
Isabel was
theywaslooked,
the the hope
hope
that her
that
solve her influence
the influence
factional with with
strifethethe king
andking alsocould help
protecthelp re- re-
her ofofaliallher
expecting herbanishedwould family,
itbanished one day the
family, lead
thelodestar
them
lodestar to which
home” (p. they
to which 4). theylooked,looked,
solve the
solve the factional
factional strife strife and and also protect protect her her expectingit it
expecting would
would oneone dayday lead leadthem them home" home" (p.4). (p. 4).
All use subject
464 A Portuguese Translation of the “Livre des trois vertus”’
464
464 A Portuguese
A Translation of the "Livre
of the "Livre vertus"
des trais vertus"
the Queen did not outlive her victory for more indeed interest herself in the spiritual life of her
the Queen
Queen did not outlive her victory
victory for more indeed interest herself in the spirituallife
spiritual
the
than a few months; outlive her death heroccurred forEvora
in more indeed
niece as interest
well as herself in the in education of herlife of
of her
nephew,
than aa few
than fewmonths;months; her herdeath
in December of the same year. The suggestion of death occurred
occurred in in Evora
Evora niece
niece as
as well
well as
as in
the future Joao II, after the death of their the education
education of
of her
her nephew,
in inDecember
poison December of the
of
is not lacking, the same
same year.
but year. The suggestion
this accusation, suggestion far too of
of the future
the
mother. future If she Joao
João was II,II,notafter
after
herself the
thethedeath
death of
translatorof theirtheirof
poison is
poison
common is not
innotthe lacking,
lacking,Middlebut but this accusation,
this
Ages, accusation,
is always difficult far
far too mother.
mother.
the manuscriptIfIf she she was was
she not must herselfsurely the
herself havetranslator
translator
known the of
of
common
common
to verify. inin the
the Middle
Middle Ages,
Ages, is
is always
always difficult
difficult the
the manuscript
manuscript she
she must
must surely
surely have
have known the
translation and could well have had a hand in its
totoOne verify.
verify.thing is certain: Christine’s Livre des trois translation and
translation
transmission and could well
could
to Queen well
Leonor, havewho
have had was aa hand
handbothin inherits
Onewas thing isis certain:
certain: Christine's suited to Livre des
des trois transmission to Queen
Queen Leonor, who was both
both her
S
vertusOne thing unquestionably Christine's Livre
the taste trais
of a transmission
cousin’s daughter to and Leonor,
her nephew’s wasqueen. her
vertuswas sowas unquestionably to the taste as of cousin's daughterversion and her her nephew's
vertus
family unquestionably
addicted to moralizing suited literature taste of a
was cousin's
The Portuguese daughter and Christine queen.
of nephew's de Pisan’s
family
family soso addicted
addicted to
to moralizing
moralizing
the House of Avis. Certain members of the family literature
literature as
as was
was The Portuguese
Livre des trois vertus does not,Christine
The Portuguese version
version of
of Christine
then, as de de Pisan's
Pisan's
Professor
thethe House
Rouse of
of A Avis.
vis. Certain
Certain
had even composed works of this sort: Afonso’s members
members of
of the family
family Livre
Livre des
des trois
trais vertus
vertus
da Costa Pimpao would appear to suggest,?? does
does not,
not, then,
then, asas Professor
had even
even Duarte, works of this da Costa Pimpao
had
father, King composed works
was the of this
author sort: of Afonso's
the Leal da
represent aPimpãocase ofwould directappear
would Frenchtotosuggest,29
appear suggest,29
intellectual
father,
father, King
King Duarte,
Duarte, was
was
Conselheiro, which was, like the Trois verius, con- the author of
of the
the Leal
Leal represent
represent a a case
case
influence at the Portuguese court. Throughout of
of direct
direct French
French intellectual
intellectual
Conselheiro,
Conselheiro,
cerned with which which
the moral was, like the
the Trois
education Traisof vertus,
those con-
vertus, who influence
influence
the period at ofat thethetranslation
its Portuguese
Portuguese court.
as court.
well as Throughout
of its com-
cerned with with the the moralmoral education
education of who the period of its translation as
cerned
have a role to play in public life;?4 Isabel’s father, of those who position, France, an ally of Castile, as
the period of its translation as well wasof ofnoitsfriend
com-
have
thehave a
Regentrole
a role to
Dom play
to play in public
Pedro,inhadpublic life;23
at least Isabel's
life;23 father,
sharedIsabel's in the father, position,
position, France,
France, an
an
of Portugal. There is more reason to seek a con- ally of Castile,
Castile, was
was no
no friend
friend
thetheRegent
Regent Dom
composition Dom
of a Pedro,
commentary had
had at at least
least shared
shared inin
on Seneca in the
the ofofPortugal.
necting Portugal. link There There
at the isisCourt
more reason
more ofreason to seek
to
Burgundy, seek aawhere con-
composition of
composition ofaa comm:entary
commentary on on Seneca
Seneca in the the necting
necting link
link at
at the
the Court of
of Burgundy,
Burgundy, where
where
Virtuosa Bemfeytoria.** Isabel of Urgel, the throughout the fifteenth century there were
Virtuosa
Virtuosa
Queen’s Bemnfeytoria.24
Bemfeytoria.
mother,
24
was responsible Isabel Isabel of the of
for Urgel, Urgel,
Portu-the throughout
the
throughout
numerous tiesthethe with fifteenth
fifteenth
Portugal,®° century
century especiallythere while
there were
were
Queen's
Queen's mother,
mother, was
was
guese translation, in 1445, of Ludolphus of Sax-responsible for
for the
the Portu- numerous
numerous ties
ties with
with Portugal,30
Portugal,30 especially
especially while
the Duchess Isabel watched over the interests of
guese translation,
guese
ony’s translation,
Vita Christi, in in 1445, was
1445,
which of Ludolphus
of Ludolphus
published of ofunder
Sax- theDuchess
the
her Duchessland.
native Isabel watched
Isabel watchedover overthe the interests
interests of of
ony's
ony's Vita
Vila Christi,
Christi, which
which was
was published under
under herher native native land.
Queen Leonor’s patronage fifty years later.2* One
Queennot Leonor's later. of2ó One RADCLIFFE INSTITUTE FOR INDEPENDENT
Queen
must forget patronage
Leonor's the now fifty
patronage lost years later.25
fiftytranslation One
the RADCLIFFE
RADCLIFFE INSTITUTE FOR
INSTITUTE FOR INDEPENDENT
INDEPENDENT
must
must not
not forget
forget the
the nownow lost
lost translation
translation of
of the
the STUDY
Regiment of Princes which Joao I obliged his STUDY
Regiment Cambridge 38, Mass.
STUDY
Regiment
courtiers toofof Princes
Princes
read in hiswhich which
presence, Joao
João norII obliged
Philippa his his
of Cambridge 38,
Cambridge 38, Mass.
Mass.
courtiers
courtiers toto read
read in
in his
his
Lancaster’s initiative in having John Gower’s presence,
presence, nor
nor Philippa
Philippa of
of
% 0 Leal Conselheiro, edicgdo critica e anotada por Joseph
Lancaster's
Lapcaster's
Confessio Amantisinitiative
initiative translatedin having
in havinginto JohnJohn Gower's
Portuguese Gower's by M. 2323 Piel
O 0Leal (Lisboa,
Leal 1942). ediçãoedigao
Conselheiro,
Conselheiro, críticacritica
e anotada e anotada
por J oseph por Joseph
Confessio
Confessio A Amantis
mantis translated
translated
an English member of her entourage.”® Therefore, into
into Portuguese
Portuguese by M.M. % Piei
APielVirtuosa
(Lisboa,Bemfeytoria,
(Lisboa, 1942). editada com una introducio e
anisEnglish
English member notas 2424 A por
A Dr. Joaquim
Virtuosa
Virtuosa Bemfeytoria, Costa editada
Bemfeytoria, (3* ed.,editadaPorto,
com unacom1946).
introdução
una For introdugao
ane e
itan not surprisingmember toofof herher
find en entourage.26
tourage.
Queen in Therefore,
26 Therefore,
Isabel, keep-
it itisis not
not surprising
surprising to to find
find Queen
Queen Isabel,
Isabel, in keep- analysis
notaspor
notas see
por Robert
Dr.
Dr. Joaquim
Joaquim Ricard, Costa
Costa “L’Infant
(3
0 ed.,D.
(3a ed., Pedro
Porto,
Porto, de
1946).
1946). Portugal
For an
For
ing with the well-established family tradition, etanalysis
analysis‘O Livro seeRobert
see daRobert
Virtuosa Ricard,
Ricard, "L'Infant D.
"L'lnfant
Bemfeytoria’,” D.Bulletin
Pedro dedesPortugal Etudes
ing with
with the the well-established family
ing
sponsoring the translation of afamily work tradition,
tradition,
so full of portugaises
etet 'O Livroetdade Virtuosa
'O Livro l'Institut Bemfeytoria',"
Virtuosa francais au Portugal,
Bemfeytoria' Bulletinxvut
," Bulletin des (1953),
des Atudes
Études
sponsoring
sponsoring
useful precepts. the translation
the translation of of aa work
work so full full of of 1-65.
portugaisesetet
portugaises dede l'Institut
l'Institut franCais
français au au Portugal,
Portugal, XVII xvii (1953),
(1953),
useful
useful precepts.
precepts. 1-65.
1-65.2% Mério Martins, S. J., Estudos de literatura medieval
One other member of the family must not be 2625 M6rio Martins, J.,“AEstudos
S. J.,
One other
Oue other member of thethe family
family must not be (Braga, Mário 1956):Martins, Cap. S. viii, Versiode
Estudos literatura
literatura medieval
deportuguesa medie"IJal
de Vita
forgotten, andmember of
it is impossible not must not
to wonder (Braga,e 1956):
Christi
(Braga, 1956):
os seus Capo Cap. viii,
viii, "A
problemas,” "A Versao
pp.
Versão portuguesa
105-110;
portuguesa Livros de Vita
Antigos
Vita
forgotten,
forgotten, andand itit isis
about her connection with the Portuguese Trois impossible
impossible not
not to
to wonder
wonder
Portugueses,
Christie eos
Christi os1,seus 44-79.
seus problemas," pp. 105-110;
problemas," 105-110; Livros Livros Antigos
Antigos
about her her connection
about
vertus. The connection
Queen’s youngest with the
with the Portuguese
Portuguese Trais
sister, Philippa, Trois Portugueses,
%G. C. Macaulay,
Portugueses, I,i, 44-79.
44-79. ed., The Complete Works of John
vertus.
vertus. TheThe Queen's
Queen's
who spent most of her life at the Convent of youngest
youngest sister,
sister, Philippa,
Philippa, Gower 2626 G.G. C.C. Macaulay,
(Oxford, Macaulay,
1899-1902), ed.,
ed., 1,The Complete
clxvii.
The Also DaWorks
Complete Costa of
Works of John
Pimpio,
John
whowho spentspentthough most of
most of her life
her lifetaking
at the
at the any Convent of
of p.-
Gower 3. (Oxford,
Gower (Oxford, 1899-1902),
1899-1902),11, ii, clxvii.
clxvii. AIso Da Also
Costa Da Pimpão,
Costa Pimpao,
Odivelas, without formal p. 273. Reynaldo dos Santos, Os Primitivos Portugueses (2° ed.
p.3.
Odivelas,
Odivelas,
vows, devoted though
though herselfwithout
without to thetaking
taking any
any formal
composition formal
and 2727Reynaldo
Lisboa, Reynaldo
1957), dos Pl.Santos,
dos Santos,
xxv1. Os Primitivos
Os PrimitivosPortugueses (2^ ed.
Portugueses 0 (2 ed.
vows, devoted
vows,
translation devoted herself to
herself
of spiritual to the
works.the composition
composition
She is known and to Lisboa, 1957), PI. PI. xxvi.
28 Francisco
Lisboa, 1957), Brandao,
XXVI. Conselho e voto da Senhora D.
translation
translation
have been the ofauthor
of spiritual
spiritual works.
of works.
an Estagdes She is
She eisMeditacées
known to to 2828
Felippa, Francisco
filha do Brandão,
Francisco Brandao,
Infante Conselho
D. Conselho
Pedro, e e voto
sobre voto da Senhora
as tercarias
da Senhora
e guerras D.
have been the author D. Pedro,
otherofspiritual
an
of Estações e Meditações Pelippa,filha
Felippa,
Castilla.filka dodo Infante
Infante D.noticia
Pedro, sobre as terçarias
sobre as terCariase(Lisboa,
guerras e guerras
dahave Paixaobeenand the of author an EstaqJes
treatises eforMeditayoes
her de Com huma breve desta Princesa
da da PaixJo
Paixão andand of of other
other spiritual
spiritual treatises
treatises for for
her de
her deCastilla.
1643), Castilla.
p. 46.Com Com huma
Branddo huma breve breve
noticia
believed noticia
thatdesta desta
the Princeza Princeza
manuscripts (Lisboa, of (Lisboa,
niece, the saintly Princess Johanna, whose tomb 1643),
some
1643), of p.p. 46.translations
the46. Brandao
Brandão believed made at that
believed the
Odivelas
that the manuscripts
by the princess
manuscripts of
of
niece,
niece, the
the saintly
saintly Princess
Princess
(along with her portrait attributed to Nuno Johanna,
Johanna, whose tomb
were
somewritten
some ofthe
of and
the translations illustrated
translations made
made by atpen drawingsby
at Odivelas byfromthe her
the princess own
princess
(along with
(along
Gongalves)?’ with isher her portrait
to beportrait attributed
seen at attributed
the Convent to toof Nuno
Jesus hand.
werewritten
were See
writtenalso and Oliveira
andilIustrated Martins,
illustrated p. pen
bybypen 313. drawings
drawings fromfrom herher ownown
in Gongalves)27
Gonçalves)
Aveiro. 27 is to
Philippa is betoseen
isbealso seen
at the atConvent
the Convent
remembered of
forJesustheof Jesus
hand.
hand. See also
See
2° Literatura also Oliveira
Portuguesa, p. 12. p. 313.
Martins,
in in Aveiro.
Aveiro. Philippa
Philippa is also remembered
remembered for
for the
the 8029The
29 Literatura
question
Literatura Portuguesa,
of relations
Portuguesa, p.p.12.
12.
between Flanders, Burgundy,
translation of a book of French homilies, as well 3030 The question ofof relations between Flanders, Burgundy,
translation
translation of
of aa book
book of
of French
French homilies,
homilies, as well and Portugal
The questionat this period
relations has between
been treated
Flanders,in particular
Burgundy, by
as of the Vida solitéria of S. Lorenzo Justiano. Carlo
and Bronne, at
and Portugal
Portugal Le this
at Grand
this Siecle
period
period dubeen
has
has Portugal
been treated
treated et in
de in la particular
Bourgogne
particular byby
as as of the
Could of the Vida
the Vida solitdriaof oftheS. Trois vertus
solitária
translation of S. Lorenzo Justiano.
Justiano.have Carlo Bronne,
Carlo Bronne, LeA. Grand Siecledu duPortugal
Portugal el et
de de laPortugal
Bourgogne
(Coimbra, 1951); Le Grandda Veiga-Simées,
Sircle La Flandre, la leBourgogne
Couldif the
Could
come the translation
not translation
from her at of least
of the
the Trois from vertus
Trais vertus
her entou- have (Coimbra,
et(Coimbra,
les débuts 1951); 1951);
du A.A.dadaVeiga-Simões,
capitalisme Veiga-Sim6es,
moderne (Bruxelles LaLaPlandre,
Flandre,
et Paris, le1933);
Portugal
le Portugal
come
come if
if not
not from
from her
her
rage??® The idea is tempting, but at the present at
at least from
from her
her entou-
entou- etetleslesdébuts
Emile debuts
Vanden du du capitalisme
capitalisme
Bussche, moderne
moderne
Flandre et (Bruxelles
(BruxelIes
Portugal (Bruges,et Paris,
et Paris, 1874),1933);
1933);
rage?28
rage?28 The
The idea is is tempting,
tempting, but at at the present Emile
Emile
and most Vanden
Vanden
recently Bussche,
Bussche,
by Jean-MarieFlandreSurjous,
Plandre etetPortugal
Portugal
“Isabelle (Bruges,
(Bruges, de Portu- 1874),
1874),
time there is idea
nothing but the most but circumstantial and
galandetmostmost recently
les recently
portugais by4by la Jean-Marie
Jean-Marie
Cour de Surjous, Surjous,
Bourgogne,” "Isabelle
"Isabelle unpubl.de de Portu-
Portu-
diss.
time
time there
there is is nothing
nothing but
evidence to support it. The devout princess did but
the the
most most circumstantial
circumstantial
(Lille,
galgal et 1953).
et les
les portugais
portugais àa la la Cour de Bourgogne," unpubl. diss. disso
evidence to
evidence to support
support it. it. The
The devout princess princess did (Lille, 1953).
(LilIe, 1953).
All use subject

A Portuguese Translation of Pisan's Livre Des Trois Vertus - Willard

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A Portuguese Translation of Christine de Pisan's Livre des trois vertus

HE INTERNATIONAL character of until 1432, such a gift would have represented a

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