ISC Class 11 Mathematics Syllabus 2023-24

MATHEMATICS (860)

Aims:

1. To enable candidates to acquire knowledge and to develop an understanding of the terms, concepts,
symbols, definitions, principles, processes and formulae of Mathematics at the Senior Secondary stage.
2. To develop the ability to apply the knowledge and understanding of Mathematics to unfamiliar situations or
to new problems.
3. To develop an interest in Mathematics.

4. To enhance ability of analytical and rational thinking in young minds.

5. To develop skills of -
(a) Computation.

(b) Logical thinking.

(c) Handling abstractions.

(d) Generalizing patterns.

(e) Solving problems using multiple methods.

(f) Reading tables, charts, graphs, etc.

6. To develop an appreciation of the role of Mathematics in day-to-day life.

7. To develop a scientific attitude through the study of Mathematics.

A knowledge of Arithmetic, Basic Algebra (Formulae, Factorization etc.), Basic Trigonometry and Pure
Geometry is assumed.
As regards to the standard of algebraic manipulation, students should be taught:
(i) To check every step before proceeding to the next particularly where minus signs are involved.

(ii) To attack simplification piecemeal rather than en block.

(iii) To observe and act on any special features of algebraic form that may be obviously present.

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 CLASS XI

There will be two papers in the subject:

Paper I : Theory (3 hours) ……80 marks
Paper II: Project Work ……20 marks

PAPER I (THEORY) – 80 Marks

The syllabus is divided into three sections A, B and C.

Section A is compulsory for all candidates. Candidates will have a choice of attempting questions from
EITHER Section B OR Section C.
There will be one paper of three hours duration of 80 marks.
Section A (65 Marks): Candidates will be required to attempt all questions. Internal choice will be provided in
two questions of two marks, two questions of four marks and two questions of six marks each.
Section B/ Section C (15 Marks): Candidates will be required to attempt all questions EITHER from Section B
or Section C. Internal choice will be provided in one question of two marks and one question of four marks.

DISTRIBUTION OF MARKS FOR THE THEORY PAPER

S.No. UNIT TOTAL WEIGHTAGE

SECTION A: 65 Marks
1. Sets and Functions 20 Marks
2. Algebra 24 Marks
3. Coordinate Geometry 8 Marks
4. Calculus 6 Marks
5. Statistics & Probability 7 Marks
SECTION B: 15 marks
6. Conic Section 7 Marks
7. Introduction to Three-Dimensional Geometry 5 Marks
8. Mathematical Reasoning 3 Marks
OR
SECTION C: 15 Marks

9. Statistics 5 Marks
10. Correlation Analysis 4 Marks
11. Index Numbers & Moving Averages 6 Marks
TOTAL 80 Marks

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 SECTION A - As special relations, concept of
writing “y is a function of x” as y =
1. Sets and Functions
f(x).
(i) Sets
- Introduction of Types: one to one,
Sets and their representations. Empty set. many to one, into, onto.
Finite and Infinite sets. Equal sets. Subsets.
- Domain and range of a function.
Subsets of a set of real numbers especially
intervals (with notations). Power set. - Sketches of graphs of exponential
Universal set. Venn diagrams. Union and function, logarithmic function,
Intersection of sets. Practical problems on modulus function, step function and
union and intersection of two and three sets. rational function.
Difference of sets. Complement of a set.
(iii) Trigonometry
Properties of Complement of Sets.
Positive and negative angles. Measuring
(ii) Relations & Functions
angles in radians and in degrees and
Ordered pairs, Cartesian product of sets. conversion from one measure to another.
Number of elements in the cartesian product Definition of trigonometric functions with
of two finite sets. Cartesian product of the the help of unit circle. Truth of the
set of reals with itself (upto R x R x R). identity sin2x+cos2x=1, for all x. Signs of
Definition of relation, pictorial diagrams, trigonometric functions. Domain and range
domain, co-domain and range of a relation. of trignometric functions and their graphs.
Function as a special type of relation. Expressing sin (x±y) and cos (x±y) in terms
Function as a type of mapping, types of of sinx, siny, cosx & cosy and their simple
functions (one to one, many to one, onto, applications. Deducing the identities like the
into) domain, co-domain and range of a following:
function. Real valued functions, domain and
range of these functions, constant, identity, tan x tan y
tan (x y) = ,
polynomial, rational, modulus, signum, 1 tan x tan y
exponential, logarithmic and greatest integer
functions, with their graphs. Sum, difference, cot x cot y 1
cot(x y)=
product and quotient of functions. coty cotx
Sets: Self-explanatory. 1 1
sin sin =2sin ( )cos ( )
Basic concepts of Relations and 2 2
Functions
1 1
- Ordered pairs, sets of ordered pairs. cos + cos = 2 cos ( + ) cos ( - )
2 2
- Cartesian Product (Cross) of two
sets, cardinal number of a cross 1 1
cos - cos = - 2sin ( + ) sin ( - )
product. 2 2
Relations as: Identities related to sin 2x, cos2x, tan 2x,
sin3x, cos3x and tan3x. General solution of
- an association between two sets.
trigonometric equations of the type
- a subset of a Cross Product. siny = sina, cosy = cosa and tany = tana.
- Domain, Range and Co-domain of a Properties of triangles (proof and simple
Relation. applications of sine rule cosine rule and area
of triangle).
- Functions:

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 Angles and Arc lengths - Equations expressible in terms of
- Angles: Convention of sign of angles. sin =0 etc.
- Magnitude of an angle: Measures of - Equations expressible in terms i.e.
Angles; Circular measure. sin = sin etc.
- The relation S = r where is in - Equations expressible multiple and
radians. Relation between radians sub- multiple angles i.e. sin2 =
and degree. sin2 etc.
- Definition of trigonometric functions - Linear equations of the form a cos
with the help of unit circle.
+ b sin = c, where c a2 b2
- Truth of the identity sin2x+cos2x=1
NOTE: Questions on the area of a sector and a, b 0
of a circle are required to be covered. - Properties of
Trigonometric Functions a b c
Sine formula: ;
- Relationship between trigonometric sin A sin B sin C
functions.
Cosine formula:
- Proving simple identities.
b2 c2 a2
- Signs of trigonometric functions. cos A , etc
2bc
- Domain and range of the
trigonometric functions. 1
Area of triangle: bc sin A, etc
- Trigonometric functions of all 2
angles. Simple applications of the above.
- Periods of trigonometric functions. 2. Algebra
- Graphs of simple trigonometric (i) Principle of Mathematical Induction
functions (only sketches).
Process of the proof by induction,
NOTE: Graphs of sin x, cos x, tan x, sec x,
motivating the application of the method
cosec x and cot x are to be included.
by looking at natural numbers as the least
Compound and multiple angles inductive subset of real numbers. The
- Addition and subtraction formula: principle of mathematical induction and
sin(A B); cos(A B); tan(A B); simple applications.
tan(A + B + C) etc., Double angle, Using induction to prove various
triple angle, half angle and one summations, divisibility and inequalities of
third angle formula as special cases. algebraic expressions only.
- Sum and differences as products
(ii) Complex Numbers
sin C + sin D=
C D C D Introduction of complex numbers and their
2sin cos , etc. representation, Algebraic properties of
2 2
complex numbers. Argand plane and polar
- Product to sum or difference representation of complex numbers. Square
i.e. 2sinAcosB = sin (A + B) + sin root of a complexnumber. Cube root of unity.
(A – B) etc. - Conjugate, modulus and argument of
Trigonometric Equations complex numbers and their properties.
- Solution of trigonometric equations - Sum, difference, product and quotient of
(General solution and solution in the two complex numbers additive and
specified range). multiplicative inverse of a complex
number.

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 - Locus questions on complex numbers. Inequalities
- Triangle inequality. - Linear Inequalities
- Square root of a complex number. Algebraic solutions of linear
inequalities in one variable and their
- Cube roots of unity and their properties. representation on the number line.
(iii) Quadratic Equations Graphical representation of linear
inequalities in two variables.
Statement of Fundamental Theorem of Graphical method of finding a
Algebra, solution of quadratic equations solution of system of linear
(with real coefficients). inequalities in twovariables.
Use of the formula: Self-explanatory.
- Quadratic Inequalities
b b2 4ac
x Using method of intervals for solving
2a problems of the type:
In solving quadratic equations.
x2 x 6 0
Equations reducible to quadratic form.
+ - +
Nature of roots
-3 2
Product and sum of roots.
A perfect square e.g. x 2 6 x 9 0 .
Roots are rational, irrational, equal,
reciprocal, one square of the other. - Inequalities involving rational
expression of type
Complex roots.
f ( x)
Framing quadratic equations with a . etc. to be covered.
given roots. g ( x)

NOTE: Questions on equations having (iv) Permutations and Combinations

common roots are to be covered. Fundamental principle of counting. Factorial
n. (n!) Permutations and combinations,
Quadratic Functions.
derivation of formulae for n Pr and n Cr and
Given , as roots then find the equation their connections, simple application.
whose roots are of the form 3 , 3 , etc. Factorial notation n! , n! =n (n-1)!
Fundamental principle of counting.
Real roots
Permutations
Case I: a > 0 Complex roots
- nP r .
Equal roots - Restricted permutation.
Case II: a < 0 Real roots - Certain things always occur
Complex roots, together.
Equal roots - Certain things never occur.
Where ‘a’ is the coefficient of x2 in the - Formation of numbers with digits.
equations of the form ax2 + bx + c = 0. - Word building - repeated letters - No
letters repeated.
Understanding the fact that a quadratic
expression (when plotted on a graph) is a - Permutation of alike things.
parabola. - Permutation of Repeated things.
Sign of quadratic - Circular permutation – clockwise
Sign when the roots are real and when counterclockwise – Distinguishable /
they are complex. not distinguishable.

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 Combinations a
n n n n n - S ;r 1 Geometric
- C r , C n =1, C 0 = 1, C r = C n–r , 1 r
n
C x = nC y , then x + y = n or x = y,
n+1 Mean, b ac
C r = nC r-1 + nC r .
- When all things are different. - Inserting two or more Geometric
Means between any two numbers.
- When all things are not different.
- Three terms are in G.P. ar, a, ar-1
- Mixed problems on permutation and
combinations. - Four terms are in GP ar3, ar, ar-1,
ar-3
(v) Binomial Theorem
Arithmetico Geometric Series
History, statement and proof of the binomial
Identifying series as A.G.P. (when we
theorem for positive integral indices. Pascal's
substitute d = 0 in the series, we get a
triangle, General and middle term in binomial
G.P. and when we substitute r =1 the
expansion, simple applications.
A.P).
Significance of Pascal’s triangle.
Special sums n, n 2 , n3
Binomial theorem (proof using induction) for
positive integral powers, Using these summations to sum up other
n related expression.
i.e. (x + y ) = n
C0 x n n n -1
C1 x y ...... n
Cn y n
.
3. Coordinate Geometry
Questions based on the above.
(i) Straight Lines
(vi) Sequence and Series
Brief recall of two-dimensional geometry
Sequence and Series. Arithmetic Progression
(A. P.). Arithmetic Mean (A.M.) Geometric from earlier classes. Shifting of origin. Slope
Progression (G.P.), general term of a G.P., sum of a line and angle between two lines.
of first n terms of a G.P., infinite G.P. and its Various forms of equations of a line:
sum, geometric mean (G.M.), relation between parallel to axis, point-slope form, slope-
A.M. and G.M. Formulae for the following intercept form, two-point form, intercept
specialsums n, n 2 , n 3 . form and normal form. General equation of a
line. Equation of family of lines passing
Arithmetic Progression (A.P.) through the point of intersection of two lines.
- T n = a + (n - 1)d Distance of a point from a line.

n Basic concepts of Points and their

- Sn = {2a (n 1)d } coordinates.
2
The straight line
- Arithmetic mean: 2b = a + c
- Slope or gradient of a line.
- Inserting two or more arithmetic means
between any two numbers. - Angle between two lines.
- Three terms in A.P. : a - d, a, a + d - Condition of perpendicularity and
parallelism.
- Four terms in A.P.: a - 3d, a - d, a + d,
a + 3d - Various forms of equation of lines.
Geometric Progression (G.P.) - Slope intercept form.
- Two-point slope form.
n-1 a( r n 1)
T n = ar , Sn , - Intercept form.
r 1
- Perpendicular /normal form.

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 - General equation of a line.
- Distance of a point from a line.
- Distance between parallel lines.
- Equation of lines bisecting the angle
between two lines.
- Equation of family of lines
- Definition of a locus.
- Equation of a locus.
(ii) Circles
Equations of a circle in:
- Standard form.
- Diameter form.
- General form.
- Parametric form.
Given the equation of a circle, to find the
centre and the radius.
Finding the equation of a circle.
- Given three non collinear points.
- Given other sufficient data for
example centre is (h, k) and it lies on
a line and two points on the circle
are given, etc.
Tangents:
- Condition for tangency
- Equation of a tangent to a circle
4. Calculus
(i) Limits and Derivatives
Derivative introduced as rate of change both
as that of distance function and
geometrically.
Intuitive idea of limit. Limits of polynomials
and rational functions trigonometric,
exponential and logarithmic functions.
Definition of derivative relate it to scope of
tangent of the curve, Derivative of sum,
difference, product and quotient of functions.
Derivatives of polynomial and trigonometric
functions.
Limits
- Notion and meaning of limits.
- Fundamental theorems on limits
(statement only).
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- Limits of algebraic and
trigonometric functions.
- Limits involving exponential and
logarithmic functions.
NOTE: Indeterminate forms are to be
introduced while calculating limits.
Differentiation
- Meaning and geometrical
interpretation of derivative.
- Derivatives of simple algebraic and
trigonometric functions and their
formulae.
- Differentiation using first principles.
- Derivatives of sum/difference.
- Derivatives of product of functions.
Derivatives of quotients of functions.
5. Statistics and Probability
(i) Statistics
Measures of dispersion: range, mean
deviation, variance and standard deviation of
ungrouped/grouped data. Analysis of
frequency distributions with equal means but
different variances.
Mean deviation about mean and median.
Standard deviation - by direct method,
short cut method and step deviation
method.
NOTE: Mean, Median and Mode of grouped
and ungrouped data are required to be
covered.
(ii) Probability
Random experiments; outcomes, sample
spaces (set representation). Events;
occurrence of events, 'not', 'and' and 'or'
events, exhaustive events, mutually exclusive
events, Axiomatic (set theoretic) probability,
connections with other theories studied in
earlier classes. Probability of an event,
probability of 'not', 'and' and 'or' events.
Random experiments and their outcomes.
Events: sure events, impossible events,
mutually exclusive and exhaustive events.
- Definition of probability of an event
- Laws of probability addition
theorem.
 SECTION B (iii) Hyperbola
6. Conic Section x2 y2
- 1 , e 1, b 2 a 2 ( e 2 1)
Sections of a cone, ellipse, parabola, hyperbola, a a2 b2
point, a straight line and a pair of intersecting
lines as a degenerated case of a conic section. (x )2 (y )2
- 1
Standard equations and simple properties of a2 b2
parabola, ellipse and hyperbola.
- Cases when coefficient y2 is negative and
Conics as a section of a cone. coefficient of x2 is negative.
- Definition of Foci, Directrix, Latus - Rough sketch of the above.
Rectum.
- Focal property i.e. SP - S’P = 2a.
- PS = ePL where P is a point on the
conics, S is the focus, PL is the - Transverse and Conjugate axes; Latus
perpendicular distance of the point from rectum; coordinates of vertices, foci and
the directrix. centre; and equations of the directrices
and the axes.
(i) Parabola
General second-degree equation
e =1, y2 = ±4ax, x2 = 4ay, y2 = -4ax, 2 2
ax 2hxy by 2 gx 2 fy c 0
x2 = -4ay, (y - )2 =± 4a (x - ),
- Case 1: pair of straight line if
(x - )2 = ± 4a (y - ). abc+2fgh-af2-bg2-ch2=0,
- Rough sketch of the above. - Case 2: abc+2fgh-af2-bg2-ch2
- The latus rectum; quadrants they lie then represents a parabola if h2 = ab,
in; coordinates of focus and vertex; ellipse if h2 < ab, and hyperbola if h2
and equations of directrix and the > ab.
axis.
Condition that y = mx + c is a tangent to
- Finding equation of Parabola when the conics, general equation of tangents,
Foci and directrix are given, etc. point of contact and locus problems.
- Application questions based on the 7. Introduction to three-dimensional Geometry
above.
Coordinate axes and coordinate planes in three
(ii) Ellipse dimensions. Coordinates of a point. Distance
between two points and section formula.
x2 y2
- 1 , e 1, b 2 a 2 (1 e 2 ) - As an extension of 2-D
a2 b2
- Distance formula.
(x )2 (y )2
- 1 - Section and midpoint form
a2 b2
8. Mathematical Reasoning
- Cases when a > b and a < b.
Mathematically acceptable statements.
- Rough sketch of the above. Connecting words/ phrases - consolidating the
- Major axis, minor axis; latus rectum; understanding of "if and only if (necessary and
coordinates of vertices, focus and sufficient) condition", "implies", "and/or",
centre; and equations of directrices "implied by", "and", "or", "there exists" and
and the axes. their use through variety of examples related to
- Finding equation of ellipse when th e Mathematics and real life. Validating the
focus and directrix are given. statements involving the connecting words,
Difference between contradiction, converse and
- Simple and direct questions based on
contrapositive.
the above.
Self-explanatory.
- Focal property i.e. SP + SP = 2a.
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 SECTION C - Calculation of moving averages with the
given periodicity and plotting them on a
9. Statistics
graph.
Combined mean and standard deviation.
- If the period is even, then the centered
The Median, Quartiles, Deciles, Percentiles moving average is to be found out and
and Mode of grouped and ungrouped data. plotted.
10. Correlation Analysis
PAPER II – PROJECT WORK – 20 Marks
Definition and meaning of covariance. Candidates will be expected to have completed two
Coefficient of Correlation by Karl Pearson. projects, one from Section A and one from either
If x - x, y - y are small non - fractional Section B or Section C.
numbers, we use Mark allocation for each Project [10 marks]:
Overall format 1 mark
x-x y- y
r Content 4 marks
2 2
x-x y- y
Findings 2 marks
If x and y are small numbers, we use
Viva-voce based on the Project 3 marks
1 Total 10 marks
xy x y
r N
1 2 1 2 List of suggested assignments for Project
x2 x y2 y
N N Work:
Otherwise, we use assumed means Section A
A and B, where u = x-A, v = y-B
1. Using a Venn diagram, find the number of
1 subsets of a given set and verify that if a set has
uv - u v
N ‘n’ number of elements, the total number of
r subsets is 2n .
1 2 1 2
u2 u v2 v
N N 2. Verify that for two sets A and B, n(A B) =
pq, where n(A) = p and n(B)= q, the total
Rank correlation by Spearman’s (Correction number of relations from A to B is 2pq.
included).
3. Using Venn diagram, verify the distributive
11. Index Numbers and Moving Averages law for three given non-empty sets A, B and C.
(i) Index Numbers 4. Identify distinction between a relation and a
- Price index or price relative. function with suitable examples and illustrate
graphically.
- Simple aggregate method.
5. Establish the relationship between the measure
- Weighted aggregate method. of an angle in degrees and in radians with
- Simple average of price relatives. suitable examples by drawing a rough sketch.
- Weighted average of price relatives 6. Illustrate with the help of a model, the values
(cost of living index, consumer price of sine and cosine functions for different angles
index). which are multiples of
(ii) Moving Averages 7. Draw the graphs of sin x, sin 2x, 2 sin x, and
sin x/2 on the same graph using same
- Meaning and purpose of the moving coordinate axes and interpret the same.
averages.

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8. Draw the graph of cos x, cos 2x, 2 cos x, and 17. Use focal property of ellipse to construct
cos x/2 on the same graph using same ellipse.
coordinate axes and interpret the same.
18. Use focal property of hyperbola to construct
9. Using argand plane, interpret geometrically, hyperbola.
the meaning of and its integral 19. Write geometrical significance of X coordinate,
powers. Y coordinate, and Z coordinate in space. Using
10. Draw the graph of quadratic function the above, find the distance of the point in
. From the graph find space from x-axis/y-axis/z-axis. Explain the
maximum/minimum value of the function. above using a three-dimensional model/ power
Also determine the sign of the expression. point presentation.
11. Construct a Pascal’s triangle to write a 20. Obtain truth values of compound statements of
binomial expansion for a given positive the type by using switch connection in
integral exponent. series.
12. Obtain a formula for the sum of the 21. Obtain truth values of compound statements of
squares/sum of cubes of ’n’ natural numbers. the type by using switch connection in
parallel.
13. Obtain the equation of the straight line in the
normal form, for (the angle between the Section C
perpendicular to the line from the origin and
the x-axis) for each of the following, on the 22. Explain the statistical significance of percentile
same graph: and draw inferences of percentile for a given
data.
(i) 90°
23. Find median from the point of intersection of
(ii) 90° 180° cumulative frequency curves (less than and
(iii) 180° 270° more than cumulative frequency curves).
24. Describe the limitations of Spearman’s rank
(iv) 270° 360°
correlation coefficient and illustrate with
14. Identify the variability and consistency of two suitable examples.
sets of statistical data using the concept of
25. Identify the purchasing power using the
coefficient of variation.
concept of cost of living index number.
15. Construct the tree structure of the outcomes of
26. Identify the purchasing power using the
a random experiment, when elementary events
concept of weighted aggregate price index
are not equally likely. Also construct a sample
number.
space by taking a suitable example.
27. Calculate moving averages with the given even
Section B
Periodicity. Plot them and as well as the
16. Construct different types of conics by original data on the same graph.
PowerPoint Presentation, or by making a
model, using the concept of double cone and a
plane.

158