Module 4 Topic B using different forms for Quadratic Functions Name _________________________________Period____

Lesson 13 Solving Quadratic Equations by Completing the Square Mrs. Wisniewski – Algebra – Notes

Student Outcomes
• Students solve complex quadratic equations, including those with a leading coefficient other than 1, by completing the square.
• Classify types of solutions that arise.

Opening Exercise Show all work and steps.

1. Solve the equation for 𝒃𝒃: CHECK

𝟐𝟐𝒃𝒃𝟐𝟐 − 𝟗𝟗𝒃𝒃 = 𝟑𝟑𝒃𝒃𝟐𝟐 − 𝟒𝟒𝒃𝒃 − 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏

Pause the video and Review: How to rewrite an Expression expressed in Standard Form into Complete the Square Form.

Example 1:

The process for completing the square of a quadratic in the form of 𝒂𝒂𝒙𝒙𝟐𝟐 + 𝒃𝒃𝒙𝒙 + 𝒄𝒄

𝟐𝟐𝒙𝒙𝟐𝟐 + 𝟖𝟖𝒙𝒙 + 𝟓𝟓
Factor leading coeficient out of the first two terms. 𝟐𝟐(𝒙𝒙𝟐𝟐 + 𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒 + ________) + 𝟓𝟓 − 𝟐𝟐
𝟒𝟒 𝟐𝟐
Add and subtract the term needed to complete the square. 𝟐𝟐 �𝒙𝒙𝟐𝟐 + 𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒 + � � � + 𝟓𝟓 − 𝟐𝟐(𝟒𝟒)
𝟐𝟐

Find the perfect square and simplify. 𝟐𝟐(𝒙𝒙 + 𝟐𝟐)𝟐𝟐 − 𝟑𝟑

Answer: 𝟐𝟐𝒙𝒙𝟐𝟐 + 𝟖𝟖𝒙𝒙 + 𝟓𝟓 = 𝟐𝟐(𝒙𝒙 + 𝟐𝟐)𝟐𝟐 − 𝟑𝟑

Example 2:

Here is another example of completing the square of a quadratic expression of the form 𝒂𝒂𝒙𝒙𝟐𝟐 + 𝒃𝒃𝒙𝒙 + 𝒄𝒄.

𝟑𝟑𝒙𝒙𝟐𝟐 − 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝒙𝒙 − 𝟐𝟐
Factor leading coeficient out of the first two terms. 𝟑𝟑(𝒙𝒙𝟐𝟐 − 𝟔𝟔𝒙𝒙) − 𝟐𝟐
Add and subtract the term needed to complete the square. 𝟑𝟑(𝒙𝒙𝟐𝟐 − 𝟔𝟔𝒙𝒙 + 𝟗𝟗) − 𝟐𝟐 − 𝟑𝟑(𝟗𝟗)
Find the perfect square and simplify. 𝟑𝟑(𝒙𝒙 − 𝟑𝟑)𝟐𝟐 − 𝟐𝟐 − 𝟑𝟑(𝟗𝟗)
𝟑𝟑(𝒙𝒙 − 𝟑𝟑)𝟐𝟐 − 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐
Answer: 𝟑𝟑𝒙𝒙𝟐𝟐 − 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝒙𝒙 − 𝟐𝟐 = 𝟑𝟑(𝒙𝒙 − 𝟑𝟑)𝟐𝟐 − 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐
2. Rewrite the expression by Completing the Square Method:

𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺 𝑭𝑭𝑭𝑭𝑭𝑭𝑭𝑭 = 𝑪𝑪𝑪𝑪𝑪𝑪𝑪𝑪𝑪𝑪𝑪𝑪𝑪𝑪𝑪𝑪𝑪𝑪 𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕 𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺 𝑭𝑭𝑭𝑭𝑭𝑭𝑭𝑭

𝒂𝒂𝒙𝒙𝟐𝟐 + 𝒃𝒃𝒙𝒙 + 𝒄𝒄 = 𝒂𝒂(𝒙𝒙– 𝒉𝒉)𝟐𝟐 + 𝒌𝒌

Show all work and steps. CHECK

𝟏𝟏 𝟐𝟐
𝒃𝒃 − 𝟒𝟒𝒃𝒃 + 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏
𝟐𝟐
You have learned how to solve equations by factoring. But what if an equation is not conducive to this method?

Example 1: Solve for 𝒙𝒙: 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏 = 𝒙𝒙𝟐𝟐 + 𝟔𝟔𝒙𝒙

Show all work and steps.

Solve for x by completing the square:

Step 1: Add ____ to complete the square: 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏 = 𝒙𝒙𝟐𝟐 + 𝟔𝟔𝒙𝒙

Remember to add to each side of the equation

Step 2: Factor the perfect square.

Step 3: Take the square root of both sides.

Remember there are 𝟐𝟐 roots (±).

Step 4: Add ____ to both sides to solve for 𝒙𝒙.

 Remember to put the −𝟑𝟑 to the left of the ± square root so that you
do not forget that each radical is added and then subtracted from −𝟑𝟑.

Step 5: Identify the 2 Roots:

Is there a simpler way to write this answer?

Discussion
Rational and Irrational Numbers
In the last Example, we said that we couldn’t combine a rational number, −𝟑𝟑, with irrational numbers, √𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐 and −√𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐.

Let’s take a moment to examine what happens when we apply operations to Rational and Irrational numbers.

For each column, describe what you observe.

Column A Column B Column C Column D

𝟒𝟒 + 𝟗𝟗. 𝟓𝟓 −𝟓𝟓(𝟗𝟗. 𝟓𝟓) −𝟒𝟒 + 𝝅𝝅 𝟐𝟐 × 𝝅𝝅

𝟒𝟒 𝟓𝟓 𝟏𝟏 𝟑𝟑. 𝟓𝟓 + √𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏 𝟒𝟒√𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏

+ 𝟓𝟓 ×
𝟕𝟕 𝟑𝟑 𝟐𝟐
√𝟗𝟗 − √𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏 √𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐 × √𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏
√𝟗𝟗 − 𝟐𝟐 (√𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏)(�𝟗𝟗)
1. What do you notice about 2. What do you notice about 3. What do you notice about 4. What do you notice about
Column A? Column B? Column C? Column D?

Rational and Irrational Numbers

• The sum or product of two rational numbers is always a rational number.
• The sum of a rational number and an irrational number is always an irrational number.
• The product of a rational number and an irrational number is an irrational number as long as the rational number is not zero.
 Example 2: Solve for 𝒙𝒙: 𝟒𝟒𝒙𝒙𝟐𝟐 − 𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒𝒙𝒙 + 𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗 = 𝟎𝟎
Would it be more efficient to factor or complete the square? ____________________________

There are two methods to approach this process:

Show all work and steps for Both Methods.
MP.1 Method 1 Method 2

By gathering all the terms to the left side of the equation By gathering only the variable terms on the left
and completing the square of the full expression before solving. and the constants on the right
and then completing the square on the left before solving.

𝟒𝟒𝒙𝒙𝟐𝟐 − 𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒𝒙𝒙 + 𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗 = 𝟎𝟎 𝟒𝟒𝒙𝒙𝟐𝟐 − 𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒𝒙𝒙 + 𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗 = 𝟎𝟎

𝟒𝟒(𝒙𝒙𝟐𝟐 − 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝒙𝒙 + ____) + 𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗_________ = 𝟎𝟎 𝟒𝟒𝒙𝒙𝟐𝟐 − 𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒𝒙𝒙 = −𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗

𝟒𝟒(𝒙𝒙𝟐𝟐 − 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝒙𝒙 + ____) = −𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗 _____

What is the same about these two strategies for solving by completing the square?
Exercises 1–4 Solve each equation by Completing the Square.

Show all work and steps. Show all work and steps.
𝟏𝟏 𝟐𝟐
1. 𝒙𝒙𝟐𝟐 − 𝟐𝟐𝒙𝒙 = 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏 2. 𝒓𝒓 − 𝟔𝟔𝒓𝒓 = 𝟐𝟐
𝟐𝟐
 Show all work and steps. Show all work and steps.

3. 𝟐𝟐𝒑𝒑𝟐𝟐 + 𝟖𝟖𝒑𝒑 = 𝟕𝟕 4. 𝟐𝟐𝒚𝒚𝟐𝟐 + 𝟑𝟑𝒚𝒚 − 𝟓𝟓 = 𝟒𝟒

Now that you know the solutions for the last one, could you have approached it differently?
Lesson Summary

 When a quadratic equation contains a quadratic expression that is NOT factoring, we

can solve by completing the square.

 Completing the square can be used to find solutions that are irrational, -which are
very difficult to do by factoring.

 If a solution contains both rational and irrational components it cannot be rewritten

as a single rational or irrational number.