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𝑥
𝑦 =𝑓 𝑥 =𝐵⋅𝑎 +𝐶
The Form
• We will be considering the class of functions having form
𝑒𝑡
1) 𝑦 = −2𝑥 2) 𝑓 𝑡 = −5 3) 𝑓 𝑥 = 10(1 − 3−𝑥 )
2
• A: 1) 𝑦 = (−1)2𝑥 + 0 ⟹ 𝐵 = −1, 𝑎 = 2, 𝐶 = 0
1 1
2) 𝑓 𝑡 = 𝑒 𝑡 + −5 ⟹ 𝐵 = , 𝑎 = 𝑒, 𝐶 = −5
2 2
1 𝑥 1
3) 𝑓 𝑥 = 10 1 − 3−𝑥 = 10 − 10 3−1 𝑥 = −10 + 10 ⟹ 𝐵 = −10, 𝑎 = , 𝐶 = 10
3 3
𝑥
The graph of 𝑦 = 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑎
Below is a table of select values for the output
of 𝑓 𝑥 = 2𝑥 and 𝑔 𝑥 = 1Τ2 𝑥
= 2−𝑥
𝒙 𝟐𝒙 𝟐−𝒙
3 8 1/8
2 4 1/4
1 2 1/2
0 1 1
-1 1/2 2
-2 1/4 4
-3 1/8 8
h
g
f
How do these 3 graphs compare when x > 0 ?
At x = 0 ? When x < 0 ?
Can you relate what you see to the 3 base
values a = 2 for f(x), a = e for g(x), and a = 3
for h(x)?
𝒙
The graph of 𝒚 = 𝒇 𝒙 = 𝒂
Grows closer to the x-axis (asymptote) 0 Lies above the x-axis since
but never reaches it 𝒂𝒙 > 𝟎 for all values of x
𝑥
The graph of 𝑦 = 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝐵𝑎
• Here are the graphs of 𝑦 = 0.8𝑥 ,
𝑦 = 2 × 0.8𝑥 and 𝑦 = −3 × 0.8𝑥 .
• Q: What will the account balance be after 1 year? 2 years? ’t’ years?
10,000 × 1.05𝑡
𝑡/𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑠
Selection of problems
Consider the exponential function 𝑦 = 𝑓 𝑥 = 3𝑒 −𝑥 + 1
• A: 𝑦 = 𝑓 0 = 3(1) + 1 = 4
• A: 𝐶 = 1
Selection of problems
• Q: Sketch the graph of the function 𝑦 = 𝑓 𝑥 = 3𝑒 −𝑥 + 1 for values 𝑥 ≥ 0 showing
its y-intercept as well as its horizontal asymptote.
• A:
.
Selection of problems
A manufacturer of mobile phones is ready to release their latest model. The
sales and marketing scouts predict that the quantity sold in the beginning
will rise quickly to reach 5 million units only 2 months after the release.
Afterwards, sales will slow down approaching a total of 12 million units many
months later.
𝑄 0 = 𝐵𝑎0 + 12 = 𝐵 + 12 = 0 ⟹ 𝐵 = −𝐶 = −12.
t in months