SEME 102 – COLLEGE AND

ADVANCED ALGEBRA
ACTIVITY: Evaluate the given expressions
and choose the correct answer.
𝟑 𝟒 𝟓
1. 𝒙 𝒙 𝒙
12 60
Choices: 𝑥 𝑜𝑟 𝑥
12
Answer: 𝑥
ACTIVITY: Evaluate the given expressions
and choose the correct answer.

𝟐 𝟐
2. 𝒂𝒙 + 𝟒𝒚 𝒂𝒙 − 𝟒𝒚
4 2 2 4 2
Choices: 2𝑎𝑥 −16𝑦 𝑜𝑟 𝑎 𝑥 − 16𝑦
2 4 2
Answer:𝑎 𝑥 − 16𝑦
ACTIVITY: Evaluate the given expressions
and choose the correct answer.
𝟐 𝟒
3. 𝟐𝒃𝒙
4 6 4 8
Choices: 16𝑏 𝑥 𝑜𝑟 16𝑏 𝑥
4 8
Answer:16𝑏 𝑥
ACTIVITY: Evaluate the given expressions
and choose the correct answer.
2
4. 𝑥 − 𝑦 − 𝑧
Choices: 𝑥 2+𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2 − 2𝑥𝑦 − 2𝑥𝑧 + 2𝑦𝑧 𝑜𝑟
𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2 + 2𝑥𝑦 + 2𝑥𝑧 + 2𝑦𝑧
2 2 2
Answer: 𝑥 +𝑦 + 𝑧 − 2𝑥𝑦 − 2𝑥𝑧 + 2𝑦𝑧
 MULTIPLICATION OF
ALGEBRAIC EXPRESSION
AND SPECIAL PRODUCTS
Learning Objectives:

At the end of the lesson, the students should be able

to:
a.Multiply algebraic expressions;
b.Perform special products of algebraic expressions; and
c. Apply rules of power and product in multiplying algebraic
expressions.
Multiplication of Algebraic Expression
-multiplication of algebraic expression involves
multiplying two expressions that are combined
with arithmetic operations such as addition,
subtraction, multiplication, and division, and
contain constants, variables, terms and
coefficients.
Key Terms:
Integers – an integer is any positive, negative or zero number but it has
to be whole numbers.
Example: 2, -1
Variables – when alphabets or symbols are used in a mathematical
problem to represent a specific value, then they are called variables.
Example: x, y
Exponents – the number that represents the number times the
quantity has been multiplied by itself. It is also called power or indices
of quantity.
Example: 23
When multiplying algebraic expressions, remember
these:
The product of two factors with the same signs will be
positive, and the outcome of multiplying two terms with
two, unlike signs, will be negative.
If x is variable and a,b are positive integers then,
𝑥 𝑎 ∙ 𝑥 𝑏 = 𝑥 𝑎+𝑏 . This is also called the Product Rule for
Positive Exponents.
Power Rule For Positive Exponents implies that
𝑥𝑎 𝑏
= 𝑥 𝑎𝑏
 Examples:
𝟐
1.) 𝑎 ∙ 𝑎 = 𝒂

2.) 2𝑎 ∙ 2𝑏 = 𝟒𝒂𝒃

3.) 3𝑥 −5𝑎2 2𝑏 3 = −𝟑𝟎𝒂𝟐 𝒃𝟑 𝒙

 Examples:
𝟐 𝟐
4.) 3𝑥𝑦𝑧 𝑥 + 2𝑦 − 3 = 𝟑𝒙 𝒚𝒛 + 𝟔𝒙𝒚 𝒛 − 𝟗𝒙𝒚𝒛

5.) 5𝑥𝑦 2
{ 2 −3𝑥 2
𝑦 𝑧 − 𝑦𝑧 2 }
=5𝑥𝑦 2 2 −3𝑥𝑦 2 𝑧 + 3𝑥𝑦𝑧 2
2 2 2
=5𝑥𝑦 −6𝑥𝑦 𝑧 + 6𝑥𝑦𝑧
𝟐 𝟒 𝟐
=−𝟑𝟎𝒙 𝒚 + 𝟑𝟎𝒙 𝒚 𝒛 𝟑 𝟐
SPECIAL PRODUCTS
- Is a mathematical term in which
factors are combined to form products. It
is called "special" because they do not
need long solutions.
5 SPECIAL PRODUCTS
1. Square of a Binomial
2. Product of Sum and Difference
3. Square of a Trinomial
4. Cube of a Binomial
5. Sum or Difference of Two Cubes
SPECIAL PRODUCTS
1. Square of a Binomial
2
- 𝑎+𝑏
- This is done using the FOIL Method.
Steps:
• Square the first term.
• Multiply the first and second term times 2.
• Square the second term.
Examples:
2
 𝑎+𝑏 = 𝒂𝟐 + 𝟐𝒂𝒃 + 𝒃𝟐

 −2𝑥 3 𝑦 − 3𝑥 2 𝑦 2 2
= 𝟒𝒙𝟔 𝒚𝟐 + 𝟏𝟐𝒙𝟓 𝒚𝟑 + 𝟗𝒙𝟒 𝒚𝟒
SPECIAL PRODUCTS
2. Product of Sum and Difference

Step:
• Square the first term minus the square of the second term.
SPECIAL PRODUCTS
2. Product of Sum and Difference
Examples:

(x+y) (x-y) = 𝒙𝟐 −𝒚𝟐

5𝑚2 𝑛 + 4𝑚𝑛2 5𝑚2 𝑛 − 4𝑚𝑛2 = 𝟐𝟓𝒎𝟒 𝒏𝟐 − 𝟏𝟔𝒎𝟐 𝒏𝟒

SPECIAL PRODUCTS

3. Square of the Trinomial

Steps:
• Square the first term.
• Square the second term.
• Square the third term.
• Multiply the first term and second term times 2.
• Multiply the second term and third term times 2.
• Multiply the first term and third term times 2.
Examples:
2
 𝑎+𝑏+𝑐 = 𝒂𝟐 + 𝒃𝟐 + 𝒄𝟐 + 𝟐𝒂𝒃 + 𝟐𝒃𝒄 + 𝟐𝒂𝒄

2
 2𝑥 + 3𝑦 − 𝑧 = 𝟒𝒙𝟐 + 𝟗𝒚𝟐 + 𝒛𝟐 + 𝟏𝟐𝒙𝒚 − 𝟔𝒚𝒛 − 𝟒𝒙𝒛

 2𝑙 2 𝑚 − 4𝑙𝑚2 + 6𝑚 2

= 4𝑙 4 𝑚2 + 16𝑙 2 𝑚4 + 36𝑚2 − 16𝑙 3 𝑚3 − 48𝑙𝑚3 + 24𝑙 2 𝑚2

Arrange the order of the exponents,
= 4𝑙 4 𝑚2 + 16𝑙 2 𝑚4 + 36𝑚2 − 16𝑙 3 𝑚3 + 24𝑙 2 𝑚2 − 48𝑙𝑚3
SPECIAL PRODUCTS
4. Cube of a Binomial
Steps:
• Cube the first term.
• Square the first term times the second term times 3.
• Square the second term times the first term times 3.
• Cube the second term.
Examples:
3
 𝑎+𝑏 = 𝑎3 + 3𝑎2 𝑏 + 3𝑎𝑏 2 + 𝑏 3

3
 2𝑥 + 1 = 8𝑥 3 + 12𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 + 1

 −2𝑎2 𝑏 − 2𝑎𝑏 2 3
= −8𝑎6 𝑏3 − 24𝑎5 𝑏4 − 24𝑎4 𝑏5 − 8𝑎3 𝑏6
 SPECIAL PRODUCTS

5. Sum or Difference of Two Cubes

- Product that produces sum of two cubes or difference of
two cubes.
 Example:

1.) 𝑎 + 𝑏 𝑎2 − 𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏 2
a. Get the square of the 1st expression: 𝑎 + 𝑏 2 = 𝑎2 + 2𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏2 .
2𝑎𝑏
b. From 𝑎2 + 2𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏2 , divide 2 to the 2nd term. That is 2 = 𝑎𝑏 . It must be the same with the
2nd term of the given trinomial expression as well as the 1st and 3rd term. If not, stop on this step
and apply the distributive property.
c. Determine if the literal coefficients are the same:
𝑎2 − 𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏2 ( The literal coefficients are 𝒂𝟐 , 𝒂𝒃 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝒃𝟐 )
𝑎2 + 𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏2 ( The literal coefficients are 𝒂𝟐 , 𝒂𝒃 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝒃𝟐 )
• If the literal coefficients are the same, proceed to the last step. If not, apply the distributive
property.
• In this case, the literal coefficients are the same that’s why we can proceed to the last step.
• You can also observe that in 𝑎 + 𝑏 , the operation is addition and in 𝑎2 − 𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏 2 , the
first operation is subtraction. The operation of the binomial expression should not be the same
with the first operation of the trinomial expression.
• The second operation of the trinomial expression is always addition.
 Example:

1.) 𝑎 + 𝑏 𝑎2 − 𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏 2

d. Cube the first term of the binomial, cube the second term of the binomial then copy the
operation of the binomial.
𝑎 + 𝑏 𝑎2 − 𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏2 = 𝒂𝟑 + 𝒃𝟑
Other Examples:
2.) 𝒂 − 𝒃 𝒂𝟐 + 𝒂𝒃 + 𝒃𝟐
2
a. Get the square of the 1st expression: 𝑎 − 𝑏 = 𝑎2 − 2𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏2 .
2𝑎𝑏
b. From 𝑎2 − 2𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏2 , divide 2 to the 2nd term. That is − 2 = −𝑎𝑏 (the same with the 2nd
term of the given trinomial expression as well as the 1st and 3rd term)
c. Determine if the literal coefficients are the same:
𝑎2 + 𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏2 ( The literal coefficients are 𝒂𝟐 , 𝒂𝒃 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝒃𝟐 )
𝑎2 − 𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏2 ( The literal coefficients are 𝒂𝟐 , 𝒂𝒃 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝒃𝟐 )
• The literal coefficients are the same, proceed to the last step.
d. Cube the first term of the binomial, cube the second term of the binomial then copy the
operation of the binomial.
𝑎 − 𝑏 𝑎2 + 𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏2 = 𝒂𝟑 − 𝒃𝟑
Other Examples:
3.) 𝟐𝒙 − 𝟑𝒚 𝟒𝒙𝟐 + 𝟔𝒙𝒚 + 𝟗𝒚𝟐
2
a. Get the square of the 1st expression: 2𝑥 − 3𝑦 = 4𝑥 2 − 12𝑥𝑦 + 9𝑦 2 .
12𝑥𝑦
b. From 4𝑥 2 − 12𝑥𝑦 + 9𝑦 2 , divide 2 to the 2nd term. That is − = −6𝑥𝑦 .
2
c. Determine if the literal coefficients are the same:
𝟒𝒙𝟐 + 𝟔𝒙𝒚 + 𝟗𝒚𝟐 ( The literal coefficients are 𝒙𝟐 , 𝒙𝒚 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝒚𝟐 )
𝟒𝒙𝟐 − 𝟔𝒙𝒚 + 𝟗𝒚𝟐 ( The literal coefficients are 𝒙𝟐 , 𝒙𝒚 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝒚𝟐 )
• The literal coefficients are the same, proceed to the last step.
d. Cube the first term of the binomial, cube the second term of the binomial then copy the operation
of the binomial.
𝟐𝒙 − 𝟑𝒚 𝟒𝒙𝟐 + 𝟔𝒙𝒚 + 𝟗𝒚𝟐 = 8𝑥 3 − 27𝑦 3
Other Examples:
4.) 𝒙 − 𝟐𝒚 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟒𝒙𝒚 + 𝟒𝒚𝟐
2
a. Get the square of the 1st expression: 𝑥 − 2𝑦 = 𝑥 2 − 4𝑥𝑦 + 4𝑦 2 .
4𝑥𝑦
b. From 𝑥 2 − 4𝑥𝑦 + 4𝑦 2 , divide 2 to the 2nd term. That is − 2 = −2𝑥𝑦 . Since the 2nd term of the
given trinomial expression is 4xy while we get -2xy, then we cannot perform the remaining steps. We need to
apply the distributive property.
𝒙 − 𝟐𝒚 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟒𝒙𝒚 + 𝟒𝒚𝟐 = 𝑥 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟒𝒙𝒚 + 𝟒𝒚𝟐 − 2𝑦 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟒𝒙𝒚 + 𝟒𝒚𝟐
= 𝒙𝟑 + 𝟒𝒙𝟐 𝒚 + 𝟒𝒙𝒚𝟐 − 𝟐𝒙𝟐 𝒚 − 𝟖𝒙𝒚𝟐 − 𝟖𝒚𝟑
Combine 𝟒𝒙𝟐 𝒚 and −𝟐𝒙𝟐 𝒚 and 𝟒𝒙𝒚𝟐 and −𝟖𝒙𝒚𝟐 since they are similar terms
= 𝒙𝟑 + 𝟐𝒙𝟐 𝒚 − 𝟒𝒙𝒚𝟐 − 𝟖𝒚𝟑
 ASSESSMENT:
Find a partner and solve together the given algebraic expressions. Write it in a
yellow paper and show your solution. 2 points per item.
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
1.) 𝟐𝒂 𝒃 + 𝟒𝒂𝒃
2.) −𝟓𝒌𝒍𝟑 + 𝟐𝒎𝟑 𝒏𝟐 −𝟓𝒌𝒍𝟑 − 𝟐𝒎𝟑 𝒏𝟐
𝟐
3.) −𝟒𝒙𝒚 − 𝟖𝒙𝒛 − 𝟔𝒚𝒛
𝟑
4.) 𝟐𝒃 + 𝟐𝒃 − 𝟖
5.) 𝟐𝒎 + 𝟑 𝟒𝒎𝟐 − 𝟔𝒎 + 𝟗
 AGREEMENT:

Research and read on the “Factoring and Rational

Algebraic Expressions”
END
Thank you!!! 