ILLUSTRAT-

ING POLY-
NOMIAL
FUNCTIONS
CARLO A. DASCO
Mathematics-10 Teacher
RECAPITULATIO
N:– set of numbers/objects
• SEQUENCES
arranged in a specific order.

• POLYNOMIALS - are algebraic expressions

that consist of variables and coefficients.
It is derived from the Greek words ‘poly’
means ‘many‘ and ‘nominal’ means ‘terms.
OBJECTIVES:
At the end of 1-hour lesson, the students
are able to:
• determine polynomial functions
• transform polynomial function into
standard-form
• transform polynomial function into
factored-form
ACTIVITY:
Illustrating Polynomial
Function in Real Life
Context
INSTRUCTIONS:
1. Using a ruler, measure the dimension of the given
cardboard then record

13 𝑖𝑛𝑐h𝑒𝑠
8 𝑖𝑛𝑐h𝑒𝑠
2. Cut-out small square at each corner of the cardboard
then label it as . Fold the sides to create a box out of
the cardboard.
3. Subtract on the previous recorded dimensions of
the cardboard then add height
Length =
Width =
Height =
4. Solve for the volume of the rectangular prism by
using the formula:
 POLYNOMIAL FUNCTION
A Polynomial Function is a function of the
form:
𝑛 𝑛− 1 𝑛− 2
𝑃 ( 𝑥 )=𝑎𝑛 𝑥 +𝑎 𝑛−1 𝑥 +𝑎 𝑛−2 𝑥 + …+ 𝑎1 𝑥 +𝑎 0
• where is a nonnegative integer
• are real numbers called coefficients, but

• is the leading term

• is the leading coefficient
• is the constant term
DEFINITION OF TERMS:
• The expression are called the terms of the
polynomial.
• The number and are called the coefficients of
the polynomial.
• The term containing the highest power of 𝑥 is
called the leading coefficient.
• The power of 𝑥 contained in the leading term is
called the degree of the polynomial
EXAMPLES:
3
𝑃 ( 𝑥)= 𝑥 −2 𝑥+ 5
• The polynomial function consists of terms
• The coefficients of the polynomial are and
• The leading coefficient is
• The degree of the polynomial is
TRY THESE:

3 2
𝑃 ( 𝑥)=5 𝑥 + 𝑥 − 7 𝑥 −3
2
𝑦 =− 10 𝑥 − 2 𝑥
 DETERMINING POLYNOMIAL FUNCTION
Restrictions:
• polynomial should not have variable inside the radical sign;

• a polynomial should not have variables in the denominator

• a polynomial should not have a fractional or negative

exponent
 TRY THESE:
2
1 . 𝑓 ( 𝑥 )=7 𝑥 + 3 𝑥 −5
10 1
2 . 𝑦 =𝑥 + −4
3𝑥
6 −2
3 . 𝑃 ( 𝑥 )=− 5 𝑥 +7 −2 𝑥
 TRANSFORMING POLYNOMIAL
FUNCTION INTO STANDARD-FORM
• The terms of a polynomial function maybe
written in any order. However, if they are
written in decreasing powers of x , then we
say that the polynomial function is in
standard form.
 EXAMPLE:
Determine whether each of the following
polynomial functions is written in standard form
or not.
2
𝑓 ( 𝑥 ) =2 − 5 𝑥 +3 𝑥
4 3 2
𝑦 = 𝑥 +2 𝑥 − 𝑥 +14 𝑥 − 56
TRY THESE:
1 2
𝑓 (𝑥 )= 𝑥 − 𝑥+ 2
2
2 3
𝑦 =4+ 3 𝑥 − 𝑥
 Transform each of the polynomial
function in standard form and fill in the table
below.
POLYNOMIAL FUNCTION STANDARD-FORM
 TRANSFORMING POLYNOMIAL
FUNCTION INTO FACTORED-FORM

Polynomial functions may also be

written in factored form and as a
product of irreducible factors, that is, a
factor can no longer be factored using
coefficients that are real numbers.
 FACTORING
- is the process of finding the factors
- Finding what to multiply together to
get an expression
- It is like "splitting" an expression into a
multiplication of simpler expressions.
EXAMPLE:
Find factors of 6.

Find factors of 24.

 GREATEST COMMON
FACTOR
Highest / Largest The same

Numbers to
be multiplied
EXAMPLE:
Find GCF of 8 & 12
8 =1 𝑥 82 𝑥 4
12 =1 𝑥 12 2 𝑥 6
3𝑥4
GCF = 4
TRY THIS:
Find GCF of 18 & 36
18 =1 𝑥 182 𝑥 93 𝑥 6
36 =1 𝑥 362 𝑥 183 𝑥 12
4 𝑥9 6 𝑥6
GCF = 18
Factor
 Find GCF of .

𝒚 =𝟐 𝒙+𝟔¿ (𝟐) +𝟑 ¿ ¿
Try These :
1. 𝑦 =2 𝑎𝑥 +2
2
2. 𝑓 ( 𝑥)=8 𝑥 −12 𝑥
2 2
3. 𝑔 ( 𝑥 )=6 𝑥 𝑦 +5 𝑥 𝑧
 FACTORING
TRINOMIALS
Let us first consider factoring trinomials that
are polynomials of degree 2 with coefficient of
being 1.
CASE 1. ¿ ( 𝑥+ 𝑎)( 𝑥+ 𝑏)

All POSITIVE
signs
 CASE 1. ¿ ( 𝑥+ 𝑎)( 𝑥+ 𝑏)
EXAMPLE:
2
𝑥 + 8 x +15
¿
𝑎
3 𝑏
5
15
3+ 5¿ 8
CASE 1. ¿ ( 𝑥+ 𝑎)( 𝑥+ 𝑏)
EXAMPLE:
2
𝑥 +13 x + 12
¿
𝑎 𝑏
1 12
12
1+12¿ 13
Try These :
2
1. 𝑦 =𝑥 +10 𝑥 +9
2
2. 𝑦 = 𝑥 +5 𝑥 +6
CASE 2. ¿ ( 𝑥 −𝑎 )( 𝑥 −𝑏)

Middle term only

negative

Case II is the trinomial in which the middle term

only is negative. This trinomial will factor into two
binomials of the form , where as in
Case I, and are numbers such that their sum
equals and their product equals
CASE 2. ¿ ( 𝑥 −𝑎 )( 𝑥 −𝑏)
EXAMPLE:
2
𝑥 − 9 x +14
𝑎 𝑏
2)( 𝑥7
(𝑥− −)
14
2+7¿ 9
CASE 2. ¿ ( 𝑥 −𝑎 )( 𝑥 −𝑏)
EXAMPLE:
2
𝑥 − 12 x +35
𝑎
5)( 𝑥𝑏
(𝑥− 7
−)
35
5+7¿ 12
Try These :
2
1. 𝑦 =𝑥 −8 𝑥 +12
2
2. 𝑦 =𝑥 −13 𝑥+ 22
 CASE 3. ¿ ( 𝑥+ 𝑎)( 𝑥 − 𝑏)
Last term is
The larger of a and b has the
NEGATIVE
sign of middle term

Case III is the trinomial with the last term negative.

This trinomial will factor into two binomials of the form
, where and are numbers such that their product equals
But in this case the difference of and must be equal , and
the larger of the two numbers has
the same sign as the middle term of the trinomial.
CASE 3. ¿ ( 𝑥+ 𝑎)( 𝑥 − 𝑏)

The larger of a and b has the

EXAMPLE: sign of middle term

2
𝑥 − 3 x − 10
¿
𝑎
2 𝑏
5
10
5 −2¿ 3
CASE 3. ¿ ( 𝑥+ 𝑎)( 𝑥 − 𝑏)

The larger of a and b has

EXAMPLE: the sign of middle term

2
𝑥 + x − 20
¿
𝑎
5 𝑏
4
20
5 − 4¿ 1
Try These :
2
1. 𝑦 =𝑥 − 4 𝑥 −21
2
2. 𝑦 =𝑥 + 8 𝑥 −9
APPLICATION:
• Graph CURVES
Example: Roller Coaster Rides or Bridges
• Economics
Example: Cost Analyses
• Construction
• Meteorology
• Improve Abstract and Logical Reasoning
GENERALIZATION:

• What are the restrictions of polynomial Functions?

• Give different terms learned then explain
• How do we write polynomial function in standard
form?
• How do we factor polynomial function?
EVALUATION:
Refer to the Practice Tasks 1-3 given
on your Self-learning Module (page 9-10)

ASSIGNMENT:
Study the next topic: Module 2: Solving
Problems involving Polynomial Functions
THANK YOU FOR
LISTENING! 