LEARNING

MODULE
in
Mathematics 7

Polynomials
Q2 | Weeks 5&6

LEARNER’S INFORMATION
NAME:_____________________________________________________________________________________
GRADE AND SECTION:__________________________________SCHOOL YEAR:________________
TEACHER: MS.LYRA LYN R. VIVAR, LPT/ MR. KIM BRIAN O. JOCOY, LPT

CONTACT DETAILS:

MS. VIVAR: Lyra Razonable Vivar 09071915956 vivarlyralyn@gmail.com

MR. JOCOY: Kim Brian Jocoy 09485255118 kimbrianjocoy@gmail.com

 Module 3: Polynomials
INTRODUCTION AND FOCUS QUESTIONS:

Arithmetic, in its purest form, deals with all the different kinds of real numbers, their
properties and the skills needed for calculating, manipulating, and utilizing them in practical
situations. Algebra extends the range and power of elementary arithmetic to include not just
the constant quantities involved in ordinary arithmetical operations, but also the unknown
and unspecified quantities called variables. This module begins with an investigation into
such algebraic expressions. As you go through to this module, think of this question: How
powerful are the key concepts of algebraic expressions?

MODULE LESSONS AND COVERAGE

In this module, you will examine the above questions when you take the following lessons:

Lesson No. Title You’ll learn to……

Lesson 1 Operation of Adds and subtracts polynomials.

Polynomials
Multiplies and divides polynomials.
Addition and
subtraction of
polynomials
Multiplication
and division of
polynomials

EXPECTED SKILLS
• To do well in this module, you need to remember and do the following:
• Read and understand the concepts of the topic.
• Answer the activities with honesty.
• Follow the direction carefully.
• Solve with understanding and accuracy.

LESSON 1: OPERATION OF POLYNOMIALS

A polynomial is a special kind of expression where each term is a constant, a variable, or a
product of constants and variables raise to whole number exponents. Thus, an algebraic
expression is NOT A POLYNOMIAL WHEN:
2
The variable is in the denominator part. Ex.:
𝑦
1
The exponent of the variable is not a whole number. Ex.: 3𝑥 −1 , 𝑥 2
The variable is under a radical sign √ . Ex.: √𝑥, √7𝑥.

The different name of polynomial varies with the number of terms:

A MONOMIAL has one term.
A BINOMIAL has two terms.
A TRINOMIAL has three terms.
A MULTINOMIAL has four or more terms.

The degree of a term is the sum of the powers or exponents of each variable in the term.

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The degree of a polynomial with one variable is the value of the largest exponent of the
variable that appears in any term.

The degree of a polynomial with two or more variable is the highest degree for a term with
nonzero coefficient.

A polynomial is written in descending order when the highest degree term is written first, the
next highest is written as the second term, and so on.

EXAMPLE: Write each polynomial in descending order. Find the degree of each and determine
whether it is a monomial, binomial, trinomial or multinomial.

a. 2𝑥𝑦 2

Since 2𝑥𝑦 2 has only one term with two variables then what are we going to do is to find
the sum of the powers or exponents. Since 𝑥 has 1 as its exponent, and 𝑦 has 2 as its
exponent so if we will add 1 and 2 the sum is 3. It means that 2𝑥𝑦 2 is in the third
degree. Now, let us look whether what kind of polynomial it is, since it has only one
term it means that this is MONOMIAL.

b. 4𝑥 − 𝑥 3 𝑦 2

As stated, the polynomial is written in descending order in which the variable with the
highest exponent must be written first. So it must be 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟓𝒙 + 𝟒 since 𝑥 has the highest
degree of exponent which is 2. Now, since we are done arranging the polynomial, what
are we going to do is to identify the first term for us to know the degree of polynomial.
The first term is 𝑥 2 ,since the highest degree of exponent of the first term is 2 it means
that the polynomial is in the second degree. What kind of polynomials is the second
example. The second example is a TRINOMIAL knowing that we have 3 terms, the 𝑥 2 ,
−5𝑥 and 4.

c. −5𝑥 + 𝑥 2 + 4

Since polynomial is written in descending order, it means that 4𝑥 − 𝑥 3 𝑦 2 must be written

as −𝒙𝟑 𝒚𝟐 + 𝟒𝒙. Since we already have −𝑥 3 𝑦 2 + 4𝑥, we need to look for the first term for
us to identify the degree of exponent, the first term is −𝑥 3 𝑦 2 so what are we going to do
is to add the exponent of −𝑥 which is 3 to the exponent of 𝑦 which is 2. So, 3+2=5. It
means that −𝑥 3 𝑦 2 + 4𝑥 is in the fifth degree and it is BINOMIAL since it has two terms
the −𝑥 3 𝑦 2 and 4𝑥.

d. 3𝑥 − 𝑥 3 + 2𝑥 5 − 5

𝟐𝒙𝟓 − 𝒙𝟑 + 𝟑𝒙 − 𝟓 is being written instead of 3𝑥 − 𝑥 3 + 2𝑥 5 − 5 due to the fact that we

need to arrange the degree of polynomials in descending order. The polynomial is in the
fifth degree and it is MULTINOMIAL knowing that it has four terms.

TRY THIS 1

Write each polynomial in descending order. Find the degree of each and determine whether it is
a monomial, binomial, trinomial, or multinomial.
1. − 1 + 𝑥𝑦 2

2. 2𝑦 − 𝑦 3 + 3

3. 5𝑥 4 − 3𝑥 + 𝑥 5 − 4 + 𝑥 2

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4. 𝑥𝑦 2 − 𝑥 4 − 3

LESSON 1.1: ADDING AND SUBRACTING POLYNOMIALS

TRY THIS 2

Tell whether each pair of term is similar or not.

_________1. 5, −3
_________2. 2𝑥, 2𝑦
_________3. −2𝑎𝑏, 𝜋𝑎𝑏
_________4. −7𝑥, 4𝑥
_________5. 8𝑥 2 , 6𝑥 3

In adding and subtracting polynomials, terms that are exactly the same, or different in
their coefficients can be combined. These terms are described as similar terms and dissimilar
terms.

Similar terms are those terms that are having the same coefficients and exponents such
as 2𝑥𝑦 + 𝑥𝑦, −3𝑦 2 𝑧 3 + 6𝑦 2 𝑧 3 , 10, −5. Dissimilar terms on the other hand, refers to the
polynomials having different coefficient and exponents such as 2𝑥 + 3𝑦, −5𝑦 3 + 𝑦.

Addition and Subtraction of Polynomials

Only similar terms can be added or subtracted.

EXAMPLE 1: Simplify the following polynomials.

9𝑥 + 2𝑦 − 5𝑥 + 3 − 8𝑦

First thing we need to do is to combined like terms for us to easily identify the terms to be
added.

9𝑥 + 2𝑦 − 5𝑥 + 3 − 8𝑦 = (9𝑥 − 5𝑥) + (2𝑦 − 8𝑦) + 3

= (9𝑥 − 5𝑥) + (2𝑦 − 8𝑦) + 3
= 4𝑥 + (−6𝑦) + 3
= 𝟒𝒙 − 𝟔𝒚 + 𝟑
𝟒𝒙 − 𝟔𝒚 + 𝟑 is the final answer since the terms 4𝑥, −6𝑦 and 3 are dissimilar since they
don’t have the same coefficients.

b. 3𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 − 8 − 𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 − 11

Just like with the first example, the first thing we need to do is to combined like terms for us
to easily identify the terms to be added.

3𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 − 8 − 𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 − 11 = (3𝑥 2 − 𝑥 2 ) + (−4𝑥 + 4𝑥) + (−8 − 11)

= 2𝑥 2 + (0) + (−9)
= 𝟐𝒙𝟐 − 𝟗

𝟐𝒙𝟐 − 𝟗 is the final answer since the terms 2𝑥 2 and 9 are dissimilar since they don’t
have the same coefficients.

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EXAMPLE 2: Add or subtract the following polynomials.

(8𝑥 3 − 3𝑥 2 + 𝑥 − 1) + 3(𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 5)
= (8𝑥 3 − 3𝑥 2
+ 𝑥 − 1) + 𝟑(𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 5) Distribute 3
= 8𝑥 − 3𝑥 + 𝑥 − 1 + 3𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 − 15
3 2 Combined like terms
= (8𝑥 3 ) + (−3𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 2 ) + (𝑥 + 6𝑥) + (−1 − 15)
= (8𝑥 3 ) + (0) + (7𝑥) + (−16)
= 𝟖𝒙𝟑 + 𝟕𝒙 − 𝟏𝟔

𝟖𝒙𝟑 + 𝟕𝒙 − 𝟏𝟔 is the final answer since the terms are dissimilar because they don’t have
the same coefficients.

(3𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 − 2) − (𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 + 7)
= (3𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 − 2) − (𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 + 7)
= 3𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 − 2 − 𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 − 7
= 3𝑥 2 − 𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 5𝑥 − 2 − 7
= 𝟐𝒙𝟐 + 𝟗𝒙 − 𝟗

TRY THIS 3

Solve the following polynomials.

1. (5𝑥 3 − 7𝑥 + 6) + 3(−𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 2)

2. (6𝑥 3 − 2𝑥 + 1) − (𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 − 10)

LESSON 1.2: MULTIPLYING AND DIVIDING POLYNOMIALS

In multiplying polynomials, specifically two monomials, use the commutative and

associative properties along with the laws of exponents.

EXAMPLES of Multiplying Polynomials:

1. (5𝑥 2 )(3𝑥)

First, multiply the numerical coefficients. Then, multiply the literal coefficients by
applying the laws of exponent.

(5𝑥 2 )(3𝑥) = (5 ∙ 3)(𝑥 2 ∙ 𝑥)

= 𝟏𝟓𝒙𝟑

Why 𝟏𝟓? because we multiply 5 and so the answer is 15.

Why 𝒙𝟑 ? Because we multiply 𝑥 2 and 𝑥. In multiplying with exponents, we need to
multiply the base and add the exponents.

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 2. 8(3𝑥 − 4𝑦 + 2𝑧)

Use the distributive property of multiplication. Distribute 8 to the terms inside the
parenthesis.

8(3𝑥) + 8(−4𝑦) + 8(2𝑧)

𝟐𝟒𝒙 − 𝟑𝟐𝒚 + 𝟏𝟔𝒛

3. (𝑥 + 5)(𝑥 + 3)

Use the FOIL method in multiplying.

First- (𝑥)(𝑥) = 𝒙𝟐
Outer- (𝑥)(3) = 𝟑𝒙
Inner- (5)(𝑥) = 𝟓𝒙
Last- (5)(3) = 𝟏𝟓
𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 + 5𝑥 + 15
𝒙𝟐 + 𝟖𝒙 + 𝟏𝟓

EXAMPLES of Dividing Polynomials:

In dividing monomials, divide out common factors that occur in the dividend and divisor.
This can be done by applying the laws of exponents for division.

1. 18𝑥 5 ÷ 6𝑥 3

18𝑥 5 18 𝑥 5
= ∙ = 𝟑𝒙𝟐
6𝑥 3 6 𝑥3
−57𝑦 2𝑧 3
2. 3𝑦 5 𝑧3
−57 𝑦 2 𝑧 3 −𝟏𝟗
∙ 5 ∙ 3 == 19𝑦 −3 𝑧 0 =
3 𝑦 𝑧 𝒚𝟑
Divide −57 by 3 to get −19. In dividing the variables with exponents, just follow the law
of exponent in which we need to subtract the exponents since it is division. Now if we will
subtract 2 and 5, so the difference is −3, since the difference is negative we need to make it
positive by simply making the variable as the denominator so that the exponent will become
−𝟏𝟗
positive that’s why the answer is . 𝑍 is cancelled out since its exponent is zero. Always
𝒚𝟑
remember that when the exponent is zero, we need to cancel out the variable.

*Refer to your mathematics textbook for more examples. Further explanation will be posted via
video on our MATH &FB Group. *

THE ONLY THING YOU NEED TO SUBMIT IS THE WORKSHEET. KINDLY WRITE YOUR NAME AND
SECTION.

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NAME: ________________________________________________________
SECTION: ___________________________ SCORE: ____________

MATHEMATICS 7
WORKSHEET

GENERAL INSTRUCTION. DON’T FORGET TO WRITE YOUR NAME AND SECTION.

ACTIVITY 1

Tell whether each algebraic expression is a polynomial or not. If it is polynomial, classify it as a

monomial, binomial, or trinomial. Then, tell the degree of polynomials. (3pts each)

1. 2𝑥 2 − 7𝑥 + 4

2. −9𝑥

3. 𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 − 1

ACTIVITY 2

Add the given expressions. (3pts each)

1. 𝑥 + 2𝑦 − 7 and 3𝑥 − 4𝑦 + 8

2. 3𝑝 + 10𝑞 + 21 and 5𝑝 − 7𝑞 − 17

3. 2𝑥 + 3𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 3 and −4𝑥 − 6𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 3

ACTIVITY 3

Give the product of the following polynomials. (5pts each)

1. 2(3𝑥 + 4)

2. 3(2𝑥 2 − 1)

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 3. (𝑥 − 4)(𝑥 + 8)

4. (2𝑥 − 5)(𝑥 + 5)

5. −6𝑎𝑏2 (−5𝑎𝑏2 − 4)

ACTIVITY 4
Give the quotient of the following polynomials. (5pts each)

56𝑥 3
1.
−8𝑥 2

72𝑥 9
2.
9𝑥 6

99𝑤 3 𝑥 4 −81𝑥 2 +63𝑤

3.
−9𝑤𝑥

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 REFERENCE

Manalo, C.B., Suzara,J.L., & Mercado J.P., “Next Century Mathematics” (2017).
Phoenix Pubishing House., Quezon City.

Nivera G.C “Patterns and Practicalities 7” (2018). Don Bosco

Press Inc., Makati City, Philippines.

Orines, F. B. “Next Century Mathematics”. (2012). Phoenix Pubishing House., Quezon City.

ANSWER KEY
Try This 2

Try This 3
Try This 1

Dissimilar
Similar
Similar
Dissimilar
Similar
Fourth degree, trinomial
Fifth degree, multinomial
Third degree, trinomial
Third degree, binomial

6𝑥 3 − 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 + 11
2𝑥 3 + 6𝑥 2 − 7𝑥

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