Lesson 9:

POLYNOMIALS
❑ Polynomial comes from two words poly, meaning “many”
and nomial meaning “names”, which in this case refers to
“terms”. So, it is clear to say that polynomial means “many
terms”.
❑ A polynomial is defined as an expression which composed
of variables (sometimes called indeterminates), constants,
and exponents, that are combined using mathematical
operations such as addition, subtraction, and multiplication.
❑ An algebraic expression is a polynomial when the variables
are raised to a whole number exponent.
An algebraic expression is not polynomial when:

a. any of the variables is used as a denominator;

b. any of the variables is inside a radical sign; and
c. any of the variable is raised to a negative
exponent, a rational exponent, or another
variable.
 TERMS IN POLYNOMIALS
2
4𝑥 + 7𝑥 − 1
• 4𝑥 2 , 7𝑥 and 1 are terms
• 4 and 7 are numerical coefficient
• 1 is the constant term
• 𝑥 is the variable or sometimes called literal coefficient
• 2 is the exponent or the degree of polynomial since it
is the highest exponent
 𝟑𝒙𝟒 − 𝟕𝒙𝟑 + 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟒𝒙 − 𝟏𝟎

3𝑥 4 is the leading term of the The leading coefficient of the

polynomial since it is the term polynomial is 3, since it is the
with the highest degree. coefficient of the leading term
of the polynomial.

The degree of the polynomial is 4,

since it is the degree of the leading term.
 Leading Degree of the
Polynomial Leading Term
Coefficient Polynomial
𝑥 3 − 9𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 17 𝑥3 1 3

−3𝑥 − 5 −3𝑥 -3 1

11𝑥 7 11𝑥 7 11 7

𝑚2 + 9𝑚 − 3 𝑚2 1 2

3𝑥 3 − 8𝑥 2 − 9𝑥 + 11 3𝑥 3 3 3
 POLYNOMIAL ACCORDING
TO ITS NUMBER OF TERMS

• Monomial – polynomial with one term

• Binomial – polynomial with two terms
• Trinomial – polynomial with three terms
• Multinomial – consist of three or more
terms
 Examples:
Monomial
3 2
2𝑥 −5 14𝑦 −3𝑥
Binomial
𝑥−1 14𝑦 3 − 𝑦 7𝑎2 − 𝑎
Trinomial
5𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 8 𝑦 3 −9𝑥 2 −1
Multinomial
3 2 4 2
4𝑦 +6𝑥 +10𝑥 − 3 −𝑦 +10𝑥 − 6𝑥 −5
POLYNOMIAL ACCORDING TO ITS
DEGREE
A polynomial expression 𝑃(𝑥) is an expression of
the form
𝑎𝑛 𝑥 𝑛 + 𝑎𝑛−1 𝑥 𝑛−1 + 𝑎𝑛−2 𝑥 𝑛−2 + ⋯ 𝑎1 𝑥 + 𝑎0 , 𝑎𝑛 ≠ 0
where the nonnegative integer 𝒏 is called the
degree of the polynomial and coefficients
𝒂𝟎 , 𝒂𝟏 , … , 𝒂𝒏 are real numbers.
 2𝑥 + 1 −3𝑥 2 + 𝑥 3 − 1

5𝑥 3 − 2𝑥 2 + 𝑥 − 7 𝑥 4 − 8𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 + 2
 ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )
) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )
The terms of a polynomial may be written
in any order. However, we often follow the
convention of writing the terms in
decreasing powers of the variable . In this
case, the polynomial expression is said to
be in standard form.
Dividend is the
large number
that is divided
by another
number called
the divisor.
The quotient The remainder
is the result is the excess
of the quantity that
division. cannot
be divided.
Quotient
Dividend
Divisor
Remainder
 ACTIVITY:
Find the dividend, divisor, remainder and quotient of the polynomials
𝑃(𝑥) 𝑅(𝑥)
and write your answers in the form =𝑄 𝑥 + .
𝐷(𝑥) 𝐷(𝑥)
Division
Given Dividend Divisor Remainder Quotient Algorithm
𝑷(𝒙) 𝑹(𝒙)
=𝑸 𝒙 +
𝑫(𝒙) 𝑫(𝒙)

(𝟓𝒙𝟐 −𝟏𝟕𝒙 − 𝟏𝟓) divided by

(𝒙 − 𝟒)
(𝟔𝒙𝟑 −𝟏𝟔𝒙𝟐 + 𝟏𝟕𝒙 − 𝟔)
divided by (𝟑𝒙 − 𝟐)

(𝟑𝒙𝟑 +𝒙𝟐 − 𝟐𝟏𝒙 − 𝟐𝟒)

divided by (𝒙 + 𝟐)
Date of Submission: October 18, 2023 (Wednesday)