Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Region VII, Central Visayas
Division of Bohol

GENERAL MATHEMATICS
First Quarter, Week 5– Day 1

Name :_______________________________________ Score :______

Grade :________________ Section:_______

Competency Solves problems involving inverse functions. (M11GM-Ie-2)

Objective To solve problems involving rational functions.
Topic Problem Solving Involving Inverse Functions
Materials Activity Sheets
References Final MELC page 513
General Mathematics Learner’s Material, pages 72-75
Copyright Deped owned
For classroom use only

Concept Notes

We can apply the concept of inverse functions in solving word problems

involving reversible process.

EXAMPLE 1: You asked a friend to think of a nonnegative number, add two to the
number, square the number, multiply the result by 3 and divide the result by 2. If
the result is 54, what is the original number? Construct the inverse function that
will provide the original number if the result is given.

SOLUTION: We first construct the function that will compute the final number
based on the original number. Following the instructions, we come up with this
function:
3(𝑥+2)2
𝑓(𝑥) = (𝑥 + 2)2 ∙ 3 ÷ 2 or 𝑓(𝑥) =
2
The graph is shown below at the left. This is not a one-to-one function because the
graph does not satisfy the horizontal line test. However, the instruction indicated
that the original number must be nonnegative. The domain of the function must be
restricted to 𝑥 ≥ 0, and its graph is shown below at the right.

The function with restricted domain 𝑥 ≥ 0 is then a one-to-one function, and we can
find its inverse in the following steps:
Interchange the x and the y variables:

3(𝑥 + 2)2
𝑦=
2
 Solve for y in terms of x:

3(𝑦 + 2)2
𝑥=
2
2𝑥
= (𝑦 + 2)2
3

2𝑥
Since 𝑦 ≥ 0, we do not consider −√ . Thus,
3

2𝑥
√ =𝑦+2
3

2𝑥 2𝑥
√ − 2 = 𝑦 or 𝑦 = √ −2
3 3

Finally, we evaluate the inverse function at 𝑥 = 54 to determine the original number:

2(54) 108
𝑓 −1 (54) = √ − 2=√ − 2 = √36 − 2 = 6 − 2 = 4 →Thus, the original number is 4.
3 3

Exercise

1. Andy and Tania are playing a number guessing game. Andy asks Tania to think
of a positive number, triple the number, square the result, and then add 7. If
Tania’s answer is 43, what was the original number? Use the concept of inverse
function in your solution.

GENERAL MATHEMATICS
Week 5 Day 2

Objective To solve problems involving inverse functions.

Concept Notes

A relation reversing the process performed by any function f(x) is called

inverse of f(x).
9
The formula, 𝐹 = 𝐶 + 32 gives a Fahrenheit temperature F as a function of a
5
5
Celsius temperature, C. From this formula we derive 𝐶 = (𝐹 − 32) which gives C as
9
a function of F.
Notice that in the first formula, 𝐹 = 32 when 𝐶 = 0, and in the second
formula 𝐶 = 0, when 𝐹 = 32. Because each formula undoes or reverses what the
other one does, the formulas are examples of inverses and we call the function
5 9
𝐶 = (𝐹 − 32) the inverse function of 𝐹 = 𝐶 + 32.
9 5
 EXAMPLE: Engineers have determined that the maximum force t in tons that a
particular bridge can carry is related to the distance d in meters between its
12.5 3
supports by the following function, 𝑡(𝑑) = ( ) . How far should the supports be if
𝑑
the bridge is to support 6.5 tons? Construct an inverse function to determine the
result?

12.5 3
SOLUTION: The equation of the function is 𝑡(𝑑) = ( ) . To lessen the confusion in
𝑑
this case, let us not interchange d and t as they denote specific values. Solve
12.5 3
instead for d in terms of t: 𝑡=( )
𝑑
3 12.5
√𝑡 =
𝑑
12.5
𝑑= 3
√𝑡
12.5
Hence the inverse function is 𝑑(𝑡) = 3 .
√𝑡
12.5
Evaluate the function at t=6.5: 𝑑(6.5) = 3 6.70
√6.5
Thus, the supports should be placed at most 6.70 meters apart.

Exercise

1. The sum S of the angles of a polygon with n number of sides is given by the
formula 𝑆 = 180°(𝑛 − 2). How many sides has a polygon if the sum of its angles is 1
260°? Construct an inverse function to determine the result.

2. A particular breed of tilapia has its weight w (in kg) related to its length L (in cm)
modeled by the function 𝑤 = (3.24𝑥10−3 )𝐿2 . Explain why the function is one-to-one
even if it is a quadratic function. Find the inverse of this function and approximate
the length of a single fish if its weight is 400 grams.

GENERAL MATHEMATICS
Week 5 Day 3

Represents real-life situations using exponential functions.

Competency
(M11GM-Ie-3)
Objective To represent real-life situations using exponential functions.
Topic Exponential Functions in Real-Life
Materials Activity Sheets
References Final MELC page 513
General Mathematics Learner’s Material, pages 60, 67-75.
Copyright Deped owned
For classroom use only

Concept Notes

Definition: An exponential function with base b is a function of the form

𝒇(𝒙) = 𝒃𝒙 or 𝒚 = 𝒃𝒙 where (𝒃 > 𝟎, 𝒃 ≠ 𝟏).

Some of the most common applications in real-life of exponential functions are

population growth, exponential decay, and compound interest.
 Exponential Models and Population Growth
Suppose a quantity y doubles every T units of time. If 𝑦0 is the initial amount,
then the quantity y after t units of time is given by 𝑦 = 𝑦0 (2)𝑡⁄𝑇 .

EXAMPLE 1. At t=0, there were initially 20 bacteria. Suppose that the bacteria
double every 100 hours. Give an exponential model for the number of bacteria as a
function of t.

Time (in days) Number of bacteria

Initially at t-0 20

At t=100 20(2)

At t=200 20(2)2

At t=300 20(2)3

At t=400 20(2)4

An exponential model for this situation is 𝒚 = 𝟐𝟎(𝟐)𝒕⁄𝟏𝟎𝟎 .

Exponential Functions and Half-life

If the half-life of a substance is T units, and 𝑦0 is the amount of the substance

corresponding to 𝑡 = 0, then the amount y of substance remaining after t units of
time is given by 𝑦 = 𝑦0 (1⁄2)𝑡⁄𝑇 .
EXAMPLE 2. Suppose that the half-life of a certain radioactive substance is 10 days
and there are 10g initially, determine the amount of substance remaining after 30
days, and give an exponential model for the amount of remaining substance.
SOLUTION:

Time (in days) Amount of remaining substance (in grams)

Initially at t-0 10 g
At t=10 5g
At t=20 2.5 g
At t=30 1.25g
An exponential model for this situation is 𝒚 = (𝟏⁄𝟐)𝒕⁄𝟏𝟎 .

Compound Interest

If a principal P is invested at an annual rate r compounded annually, then the

amount after t years is given by 𝑨 = 𝑷(𝟏 + 𝒓)𝒕.

Time Amount in the Investment

At t= 0 P100,000.00 P100,000 P100,000.00
At t= 1 P100,000(1.06) P100,000(1.06) P106,000.00
At t= 2 P100,000(1.06)(1.06) P100,000(1.06) 2 P112,360.00
At t= 3 P100,000(1.06)(1.06)(1.06) P100,000(1.06)3 P119,101.60
At t= 4 P100,000(1.06)(1.06)(1.06)(1.06) P100,000(1.06)4 P126,247.70
At t=5 P100,000(1.06)(1.06)(1.06)(1.06)(1.06) P100,000(1.06)5 P133,822.56
An exponential model for this situation is 𝒚 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎, 𝟎𝟎𝟎(𝟏. 𝟎𝟔)𝒕 . The investment is
worth P133,822.56.
Exercise
1. A barangay has 1,000 individuals and its population doubles every 60 years.
Give an exponential model for the barangay population.

2. A bank offers a 2% annual interest rate, compounded annually, for a certain

fund. Give an exponential model for a sum of P10,000 invested under this
scheme?

3. The half-life of a radio-active substance is 1200 years. If the initial amount of

the substance is 300 grams, give an exponential model for the amount of
substance remaining after t years.

GENERAL MATHEMATICS
Week 5 Day 4

Distinguishes between exponential function, exponential

Competency
equation, and exponential inequality. (M11GM-Ie-4)
To distinguish between exponential function, exponential
Objective
equations and exponential inequality.
Topic Exponential Functions, Equations, and Inequalities
Materials Activity Sheets
References Final MELC page 513
General Mathematics Learner’s Material, pages 82
Copyright Deped owned
For classroom use only

Concept Notes

Definition: An exponential expression is an expression of the form

𝒂 ∙ 𝒃𝒙−𝒄 + 𝒅 where (𝑏 > 0, 𝑏 ≠ 1).

The definitions of exponential equations, inequalities and functions are shown

below.

Exponential Exponential Exponential

Equation Inequality Function
An equation involving An inequality involving A function of the form
Definition exponential exponential 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑏 𝑥 (𝑏 > 0, 𝑏 ≠ 1).
expressions. expressions.
2 1 𝑓(𝑥) = (1.8) 𝑥
Example 72𝑋−𝑋 = 52𝑋 − 5𝑋+1 ≤ 0
343 Or 𝑦 = (1.8)𝑥

An exponential equation or inequality can be solved for all x values that satisfy the
equation or inequality. An exponential function expresses a relationship between
two variables (such as x and y), and can be represented by a table of values or
graph.

EXAMPLES: Determine whether the given is an exponential function, an

exponential equation, an exponential inequality, or none of these.

1. 𝑓(𝑥) = 5𝑥 2 → 𝑁𝑜𝑛𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑠𝑒 4. 7 < 14𝑥+3 → 𝐸𝑥𝑝𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑦

1 𝑥
2. 2 ≥ ( ) → 𝐸𝑥𝑝𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑦 5. 74𝑥 = 𝑦 → 𝐸𝑥𝑝𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
2
3. 4(10𝑥−2 ) = 500 → 𝐸𝑥𝑝𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 6. 𝑦 = 0.5𝑥 → 𝐸𝑥𝑝𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
Exercise
Determine whether the given is an exponential function, an exponential equation, an
exponential inequality, or none of these.
1. 49𝑥 = 72
2. 3 < 9𝑥
3. 32𝑥 = 81𝑥
4. 3(15𝑥) = 45
5. 3 ≥ 9𝑥−1
6. 𝑦 = 1.25 𝑥
7. 𝑓(𝑥) = 6𝑥 2 − 5
3 −𝑥
8. 𝑓(𝑥) = ( )
4