Determine the stresses at the top and the bottom of the cut

shown in figure

 h  K a v  2c K a

4m γ = 18 kN/m3 K a  0.656
ϕ=12◦
c =20 kN/m2

 h at top  K a v  2c K a  32.39kN / m 2

 h at bottom  K a v  2c K a  14.822kN / m 2
Determine the stresses at the top and the bottom of the cut
shown in figure
32.4kN / m 2

zc
4m γ = 18 kN/m 3

ϕ=12◦
c =20 kN/m2

2x20 14.8kN / m 2
zc   2.745m
18x 0.656
maximum depth of unsupported excavation;
4c
Hc   5.49m
γ Ka
Depth of unsupported e= 5.488mvation
 A 6m high retaining wall is shown in figure. Determine the Rankine
active pressure on wall. i) before the formation of the crack, ii) after the
formation of tension crack

z 1  sin 26
Ka   0.39
1  sin 26
6m γ = 17.4 kN/m3  h  K a v  2c K a
ϕ=26◦
c =5 kN/m2  h  K a γz  2c K a
 h  0.39x17.4xz  2x5x 0.39
 h  6.786 xz  6.245
at A z=0
 h  2x5x 0.39  6.245kN / m 2
at B z=H=6m
 h  6.786x6  6.245  34.471kN / m 2
Before formation of crack

6.245 at C z= zc
A
P1 σh = 0
z zc
C3 0  K a γ z c  2c K a
γ = 17.4 kN/m
6m ϕ=26◦ 2c
c =5 kN/m2 zc 
γ Ka
P2
6-0.92 2x5
zc   0.92m
B 17.4x 0.39
34.47kN / m 2
1
Earth pressure diagram P1  x6.245x0.92  2.872kN
2
1
P2  x34.47x(6 - 0.92)  87.55kN
Net force  P2  P1 2
Net force Pa  87.55  2.872  84.678kN
Location of center of pressure measured from the bottom of the wall

5.08 2 x 0.92
(Area 2)( )  (Area 2)(5.08  )
z 3 3
pa

(87.55)(1.69)  (2.87)(5.08  0.613)

z
84.678

z  1.55m
Before formation of crack

6.245
A
P1
z zc
C3
γ = 17.4 kN/m
m ϕ=26◦ Net force Pa  87.55  2.872  84.678kN
c =5 kN/m2
P2
6-0.92 Pa
z  1.55m
B
34.47kN / m 2
Earth pressure diagram
After formation of crack
at C z= zc

A 2x5
zc   0.92m
γ = 17.4P1kN/m
3
17.4x 0.39
0.92
ϕ=26◦ z
C
c =5 kN/m 2
1
6m Pa  x34.47x(6 - 0.92)  87.55kN
2
Pa
6-0.92 5.08
z  1.693m
B 3

Earth pressure diagram

Assume that the retaining wall shown in Figure can yield sufficiently to develop an
active state. Determine the Rankine active force per unit length of the wall and the
location of the resultant line of action.
Assume that the retaining wall shown in Figure can yield sufficiently to develop an
active state. Determine the Rankine active force per unit length of the wall and the
location of the resultant line of action.
Assume that the retaining wall shown in Figure can yield sufficiently to develop an
active state. Determine the Rankine active force per unit length of the wall and the
location of the resultant line of action.

Pa  120.26kN
For an earth retaining wall shown in figure, sketch the earth pressure diagram under
active state and find the total thrust and its location. Take γw= 9.81 kN/m3

q  14kN / m 2  h  Kaq  Kaz

A

water table B
10m
γdry = 15.7 kN/m3
6m γSat = 19.8 kN/m3

ϕ=30◦ C
 h at A  (0.333x14)  4.67kN / m 2
 h at B  (0.333x14)  (0.333x15.7 x 4)  25.57kN / m 2
 h at C  (0.333 x14)  (0.333 x15.7 x 4)  [0.333 x(19.8  9.81) x6]  45.53kN / m 2
For an earth retaining wall shown in figure, sketch the earth pressure diagram under
active state and find the total thrust and its location.

q  14kN / m 2
4.67kN / m 2
A
γdry = 15.7 kN/m3
γSat = 19.8 kN/m3
water table 2 25.6kN / m 2
10m B
1
ϕ=30 ◦

6m 3 4 5
C
45.57 kN / m 2 58.86 kN/m2
Earth pressure dia. Hydrostatic
Pa  450.66kN pressure dia.

z  3.085m
SLOPING BACKFILL
SLOPING BACKFILL

Earth pressure dia.

 SLOPING BACKFILL

2
K γ H =
.5
PA = 0
A
H
β
H
3
1 Determine the active pressure on the wall shown in figure, using
Rankine’s theory.

Β =15◦

2
K γ H =
.5
PA = 0
A
4m
γ = 19 kN/m3
H
ϕ=30◦
3
c =0 kN/m2
1 Determine the active pressure on the wall shown in figure, using Rankine’s theory.

Β =15◦
14.67 kN
2
K γ H =
.5
PA = 0
A
4m
β 54.768kN
H γ = 19 kN/m3
3 ϕ=30◦
c =0 kN/m2 =

1
Pa  x0.373x19x4 2  56.7 kN
2
2 Determine the active pressure on the wall shown in figure, using
Rankine’s theory.

3
1

2
K γ H =
.5
PA = 0
A
6m
γ = 19.2 kN/m3
H
ϕ=30◦
3
c =0 kN/m2
2 Determine the active pressure on the wall shown in figure, using Rankine’s theory.

3
1
Β =tan-1(1/3) =18 ◦

2
K γ H =
.5
PA = 0
A
6m
γ = 19.2 kN/m3 =
H
ϕ=30◦
3
c =0 kN/m2

1
Pa  x0.395x19.2x62  136.512kN
2
A 4 m high vertical retaining wall supports a cohesive soil as shown in
figure, if tension cracks develop, what would be the total active pressure on
the wall? Also draw the pressure distribution diagram,

γ = 17.6 kN/m3
c= 15.0 kN/m2
4m ϕ=0◦

γ = 19.2 kN/m3
1.5 m c= 20.0 kN/m2
ϕ=0◦
A 4 m high vertical retaining wall supports a cohesive soil as shown in
figure, if tension cracks develop, what would be the total active pressure on
the wall? Also draw the pressure distribution diagram,

30kN / m 2
γ = 17.6 kN/m3
c= 15.0 kN/m2 q  44kN / m 2
ϕ=0◦
4m
14kN / m 2
γ = 19.2 kN/m3 4kN / m 2
1.5 m c= 20.0 kN/m2
ϕ=0◦
32.8kN / m 2
A 4 m high vertical retaining wall supports a cohesive soil as shown in
figure, if tension cracks develop, what would be the total active pressure on
the wall? Also draw the pressure distribution diagram,

γ = 17.6 kN/m3
c= 15.0 kN/m2 q  44kN / m 2
ϕ=0◦
4m
14kN / m 2
γ = 19.2 kN/m3 4kN / m 2
1.5 m c= 20.0 kN/m2
ϕ=0◦
32.8kN / m 2

Pa  32.535kN