Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Region VII, Central Visayas
Division of Bohol

GENERAL
MATHEMATICS
QUARTER 1
ACTIVITY SHEETS
S.Y.2020-2021

Writers:
Cleofe L. Dagamac
Jane Mary Grace R. Ocon

Editors:
Marlon L. Jala Ph D
Elvira I. Jabonillo Ph D
Pureza V. Galagar
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region VII, Central Visayas
Division of Bohol

GENERAL MATHEMATICS
First Quarter, Week 1 – Day 1

Name :_______________________________________ Score :______

Grade :________________ Section:_______

Represents real-life situations using functions, including

Competency
piecewise functions. (M11GM-Ia-1)
To represent real-life situations using functions, including
Objective
piecewise functions.
Topic Functions
Materials Activity Sheets
Final MELC page 512
References
General Mathematics Learner’s Material, pages 2-6
Copyright Deped owned
For classroom use only

Concept Notes

A relation is a rule that relates one set of values (called domain) to a second
set of values (called range).
A function is a special kind of relation such that to each element in the
domain, there corresponds one and only one element in the range. It is usually
represented by the equation 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥) where y is the dependent variable and x the
independent variable. It may be described using arrow diagram, table of values, set of
ordered pairs, graph and most often, by equation.
A function that is defined using two or more equations on different parts of its
domain is called a piecewise function.
Functions are often used to model or represent real-life situations and
identifying the appropriate functional model will lead us to a better understanding of
various phenomena.
EXAMPLE 1:
Squares of side x are cut from each
corner of an 8 in by 5 in rectangular cardboard so that its
sides can be folded to make a box with no top.
Define as a function of 𝒙 the volume 𝑽 of the
box.

SOLUTION:

The length and width of the box are (8 − 2𝑥) and (5 − 2𝑥), respectively and its
height is x. Thus, the volume of the box can be represented by the function:

𝑉(𝑥) = 𝑥(8 − 2𝑥)(5 − 2𝑥)

𝑉(𝑥) = 40𝑥 − 26𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 3 𝑜𝑟

𝑽(𝒙) = 𝟒𝒙𝟑 − 𝟐𝟔𝒙𝟐 + 𝟒𝟎𝒙

EXAMPLE 2:
A user is charged P300 monthly for a particular mobile plan which includes
100 free text messages. Messages in excess of 100 are charged P1 each. Represent
the monthly cost for text messaging using 𝒕(𝒎), where 𝒎 is the number of messages
sent in a month.

SOLUTION:
Notice that there are two equations that define the functional relationship. The
first equation defines the monthly cost if the number of text messages is 100 or less,
that is 𝒕(𝒎) = 𝟑𝟎𝟎. But when the number of text messages is more than 100, each
text message costs P1, and this relationship is defined by the second equation 𝑡(𝑚) =
300 + 𝑃1(𝑚) or 𝒕(𝒎) = 𝟑𝟎𝟎 + 𝒎.
Thus, the monthly cost of text messaging can be expressed by the piecewise function:

( )=
+

Exercise

Represent as a function each of the situations described below.

1. A person is earning P600 per day to do a certain job. Express the total salary 𝑺 as a
function of the number of days 𝒏 that the person works.

2. The perimeter of a rectangle is 32 cm. Express as a function the area 𝑨 of the

rectangle in terms of the width 𝒘.

3. A certain notebook costs P38.00 per piece. However, if you buy more than 12
pieces, they will be marked down to a price of P35.00 per piece. Represent the cost
𝑪 of buying the notebooks as a function of the number 𝒏 of notebooks bought.

4. A zumba instructor charges according to the number of participants. If there are

15 participants or below, the instructor charges P500.00 for each participant per
month. If the number of participants is between 15 and 30, he charges P400.00 for
each participant per month. If there are 30 or more, he charges P350 for each
participant per month. Write a piecewise function that describes what the
instructor charges. (Let C be the amount that the instructor charges and p the
number of participants.)

GENERAL MATHEMATICS
Week 1 Day 2

Competency Evaluates a function. (M11GM-Ia-2)

Objective To evaluate a function.
Topic Evaluating Functions
Materials Activity Sheets
Final MELC page 512
References
General Mathematics Learner’s Material, pages 10-12
Copyright Deped owned
For classroom use only
Concept Notes:

Evaluating a function means replacing the variable with a value from the
function’s domain and computing for the result.

To denote that we are evaluating a function 𝒇 at a value 𝒂 for some 𝒂 in the

domain of 𝒇, we write 𝒇(𝒂).

EXAMPLES:
1. Evaluate 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 + 1 at 𝑥 = 1.5.
SOLUTION: Substitute 1.5 for x in the function.
𝑓(1.5) = 2(1.5) + 1
𝑓(1.5) = 3 + 1
∴ 𝒇(𝟏. 𝟓) = 𝟒

2. Evaluate 𝐶(𝑛) = 𝑛2 − 2𝑛 + 2 at 𝑛 = −5.

SOLUTION: Substitute -5 for n.

𝐶(−5) = (−5)2 − 2(−5) + 2
𝐶(−5) = 25 + 10 + 2
∴ 𝑪(−𝟓) = 𝟑𝟕

2𝑡+1 3
3. Find the value of 𝐷(𝑡) = at 𝑡 = .
𝑡−1 2
3
3 2(2)+1
SOLUTION: 𝐷( ) = 3
2 (2)−1
3 3+1
𝐷( ) = 1
2
2

𝟑
∴ 𝑫( ) = 𝟖
𝟐
4. Given the piecewise function:

𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + 4 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 2
𝑓(𝑥) =
𝑥−2 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 ≥ 2
Evaluate:
𝑎. 𝑓(0) b. 𝑓(2) c. 𝑓(5)
SOLUTION: First, we look at the conditions at the right of the function to determine
the appropriate equation to use.

a. Since 0 is less than 2, to evaluate 𝑓(0) we substitute 𝑥 = 0 using the first equation,
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + 4.
Hence, 𝑓(0) = (0)2 − (0) + 4
∴ 𝒇(𝟎) = 𝟒

b. To evaluate 𝑓(2), substitute 𝑥 = 2 using the second equation, 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 − 2.

Hence, 𝑓(2) = (2) − 2
∴ 𝒇(𝟐) = 𝟎
c. To evaluate 𝑓(5) substitute 𝑥 = 5 using the second equation.
Hence, 𝑓(5) = (5) − 2
∴ 𝑓(5) = 3
Exercise 1

Evaluate each function at the given value of x and simplify the result.
1. Given 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 ; evaluate 𝑔(2).
4𝑥 2 +3
2. Given 𝑓(𝑥) = ; evaluate 𝑓(−3).
𝑥
1
3. Given ℎ(𝑥) = 3𝑥 + 2 ; evaluate ℎ ( ).
3
4. Given 𝑓(𝑥) = 5|2𝑥 − 1| ; evaluate 𝑓(0).

Exercise 2

Evaluate the piecewise function below at the given values of x.

𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 −1
𝑓(𝑥) = { 𝑥 𝑖𝑓 − 1 𝑥 1
−1 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 1
1. 𝑓(−1) 3. 𝑓(5)

3
2. 𝑓(−2) 4. 𝑓 ( )
4

GENERAL MATHEMATICS
Week 1 Day 3

Performs addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, and

Competency
composition of functions. (M11GM-Ia-3)
To perform addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, and
Objective
composition of functions,
Topic Operations on Functions
Materials Activity Sheets
References Final MELC page 512
General Mathematics Learner’s Material, pages 13-20
Copyright Deped owned
For classroom use only

Concept Notes:

Let f
and g be any two functions.
• Their 𝒔𝒖𝒎 denoted by 𝑓 + 𝑔, is defined as (𝒇 + 𝒈)(𝒙) = 𝒇(𝒙) + 𝒈(𝒙).
• Their 𝒅𝒊𝒇𝒇𝒆𝒓𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒆 denoted by 𝑓 − 𝑔, is defined as (𝒇 − 𝒈)(𝒙) = 𝒇(𝒙) − 𝒈(𝒙).
• Their 𝒑𝒓𝒐𝒅𝒖𝒄𝒕 denoted by 𝑓 ∙ 𝑔, is defined as (𝒇 ∙ 𝒈)(𝒙) = 𝒇(𝒙) ∙ 𝒈(𝒙).
𝑓 𝒇 𝒇(𝒙)
• Their 𝒒𝒖𝒐𝒕𝒊𝒆𝒏𝒕 denoted by , is defined as ( ) (𝒙) = 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝒈(𝒙) ≠ 𝟎.
𝑔 𝒈 𝒈(𝒙)
• The 𝒄𝒐𝒎𝒑𝒐𝒔𝒊𝒕𝒆 𝒇𝒖𝒏𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 of 𝑓 and 𝑔 denoted by (𝑓 ∘ 𝑔)(𝑥), is defined as
(𝒇 ∘ 𝒈)(𝒙) = 𝒇(𝒈(𝒙))
• The process of obtaining the composite function is called function
composition.

EXAMPLES:
1. Let 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 + 8 and 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 − 3. Find (𝑓 + 𝑔)(𝑥).
SOLUTION: (𝑓 + 𝑔)(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑥) + 𝑔(𝑥)
(𝑓 + 𝑔)(𝑥) = (2𝑥 + 8) + (𝑥 − 3)
∴ (𝒇 + 𝒈)(𝒙) = 𝟑𝒙 + 𝟓

2. Let 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 + 8 and 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 − 3. Find (𝑓 − 𝑔)(𝑥).

SOLUTION: (𝑓 − 𝑔)(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑥) − 𝑔(𝑥)
(𝑓 − 𝑔)(𝑥) = (2𝑥 + 8) − (𝑥 − 3)
(𝑓 − 𝑔)(𝑥) = (2𝑥 + 8) + (−𝑥 + 3)
∴ (𝒇 − 𝒈)(𝒙) = 𝒙 + 𝟏𝟏
3. Let 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 − 3 and 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 1. Find (𝑓 ∙ 𝑔)(𝑥).
SOLUTION: (𝑓 ∙ 𝑔)(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑥) ∙ 𝑔(𝑥)
(𝑓 ∙ 𝑔)(𝑥) = (𝑥 − 3)(𝑥 2 + 1)
(𝑓 ∙ 𝑔)(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 + 𝑥 − 3𝑥 2 − 3
∴ (𝑓 ∙ 𝑔)(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 − 3𝑥 2 + 𝑥 − 3

2𝑥+1 3𝑥 𝑓
4. Let 𝑓(𝑥) = and 𝑔(𝑥) = . Find ( ) (𝑥).
𝑥−2 𝑥−2 𝑔
𝑓 𝑓(𝑥)
SOLUTION: ( ) (𝑥) =
𝑔 𝑔(𝑥)
𝑓 2𝑥 + 1 3𝑥
( ) (𝑥) = ( )÷( )
𝑔 𝑥−2 𝑥−2
𝑓 2𝑥 + 1 𝑥 − 2
( ) (𝑥) = ( )( )
𝑔 𝑥−2 3𝑥
𝑓 2𝑥 + 1
∴ ( ) (𝑥) =
𝑔 3𝑥

5. Let 𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥 + 5 and 𝑔(𝑥) = 2𝑥 + 7, find (𝑓 ∘ 𝑔)(𝑥).

SOLUTION: (𝑓 ∘ 𝑔)(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑔(𝑥))
(𝑓 ∘ 𝑔)(𝑥) = 𝑓(2𝑥 + 7)
(𝑓 ∘ 𝑔)(𝑥) = 3(2𝑥 + 7) + 5
(𝑓 ∘ 𝑔)(𝑥) = 6𝑥 + 21 + 5
∴ (𝑓 ∘ 𝑔)(𝑥) = 6𝑥 + 26

Exercise 1

Let f and g be defined as 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 − 1 and 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 − 5. Find

1. 𝑓 + 𝑔 3. 𝑓 ∙ 𝑔
𝑓
2. 𝑓 − 𝑔 4.
𝑔

Exercise 2
Let 𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥 + 5 and 𝑔(𝑥) = 2𝑥 − 7. Find
1. 𝑓 ∘ 𝑔 2. 𝑔 ∘ 𝑓

Exercise 3
1
Let 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 and 𝑔(𝑥) = . Find
𝑥
1. 𝑓 ∘ 𝑔 2. 𝑓 ∘ 𝑓 3. 𝑔 ∘ 𝑓

GENERAL MATHEMATICS
Week 1 Day 4

Competency Solves problems involving functions. (M11GM-Ia-4)

Objective To solve problems involving functions.
Topic Problem Solving Involving Functions
Materials Activity Sheets
Final MELC page 512
References General Mathematics Learner’s Material, pages 4-9
Conceptual Math and Beyond by A. Barcelona, et al, pages 30-33
Copyright Deped owned
For classroom use only
Pending approval
Concept Notes:

Solving real-life problems is the heart of Mathematics. One important skill in

solving problems is the ability to transform the given problems, using functions that
describe the problems.

EXAMPLE 1. One hundred meters of fencing is available to enclose a rectangular

area next to a river (see figure). What is the maximum area that can be enclosed?
The area of the rectangular enclosure is 𝐴 = 𝑥𝑦.
We will write this as a function of x.
100−𝑥
Since 𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 100 or 𝑦 = , the area A is
2
defined as:
100−𝑥 −𝑥 2 +100𝑥 1
𝐴(𝑥) = 𝑥 ( ) = or 𝐴(𝑥) = − (𝑥 2 − 100𝑥)
2 2 2
Write in vertex form to get,
1 1
𝐴(𝑥) = − (𝑥 2 − 100𝑥+2 500)+1 250 or 𝐴(𝑥) = − (𝑥 − 50)2 + 1 250
2 2

This is a quadratic function with vertex or maximum point at (50, 1 250). This
means that when the length is 50 meters, a maximum area of 1 250 𝒎𝟐 is
enclosed.

EXAMPLE 2: A mall charges P25 for the first hour or a fraction of an hour as
parking fee. An additional P25 is charged for every additional hour, or a fraction of
an hour of parking. The parking area operates from 7A.M. to 12 midnight every day.
How much will be charged to a car owner who parked from 7 A.M to 1:30 P.M.?
SOLUTION: The parking fee p is a function of the time parked t defined by the
piecewise function:
25 𝑖𝑓 0 𝑡 1
𝑝(𝑡) =
25 + 25⌈𝑡−1⌉ 𝑖𝑓 1 𝑡 17
Here ⌈𝑡−1⌉ is the ceiling function applied to 𝑡 − 1 . The ceiling function of a number x
gives the smallest integer greater than or equal to x. Example, ⌈3. 1⌉=⌈3. 8⌉=4.

The car owner parked for 6 hours and 30 minutes, hence

𝑝(6.5) = 25 +25⌈6.5−1⌉
𝑝(6.5) = 25 + 25⌈5.5⌉
𝑝(6.5) = 25 + 25(6)
𝑝(6.5) = 25 + 150 = 175
Thus, the car owner has to pay P175.00 as parking fee.

Exercise

1. In an experiment, a researcher has concluded that a dosage of g grams of a certain

medicinal formula causes a rat to increase its mass by M, where 𝑀 = 2(𝑔 + 25). If a
25-gram of the medicinal formula is administered to a rat, how much mass would
the rat gain?

2. Maricis has an initial investment of P280,000.00 in a bank. Every month, she

withdraws P15,000.00 to run her small business at home. How long will the money
be used up completely, given the rate of withdrawal?

3. A taxi ride costs P40.00 for the first 500 meters, and each additional 300 meters
(or a fraction thereof) adds P3.50 to the fare. How much will a taxi passenger pay
for a three-kilometer ride?