Fourier Transform:

(Non-periodic signals)

x(t)

 T1 T1
 x(t)

 T1 T1
~
x (t )

 T0 T0
~
x (t )  x(t ) when T0  
 x(t)

 T1 T1
~
x (t )

 T0 T0
~
x (t )  x(t ) when T0  
 
~
x (t )  

ak e jkω0t dt

T0 / 2
1
ak 
T0 
T0 / 2
~
x (t )e  jkω0t dt
 
~
x (t )  

ak e jkω0t dt

T0 / 2
1
ak 
T0 
T0 / 2
~
x (t )e  jkω0t dt

T0 / 2
1
 x(t )e
 jkω0t
 dt
T0
T0 / 2

1
ak 
T0 

x (t )e  jkω0t dt
 
1

 jkω0t
ak  x(t )e dt
T0




 jkω0t
X (ω)  x (t )e dt

 
1

 jk0t
ak  x (t ) e dt
T0 



 jk0t
X ( )  x (t ) e dt


1
ak  X (k0 )
T0
 
1

 jk0t
ak  x (t ) e dt
T0 



 jk0t
X ( )  x (t ) e dt


1
ak  X (k0 )
T0
 
~
x (t )  

ak e jkω0t


1
~
x (t )  

T0
X ( kω0 )e jkω0t


1
~
x (t )  

ω0T0
X ( kω0 )e jkω0t
ω0

Let T0  , ω0  0
kω0  ω, ω0  dω
 
~
x (t )   ak e jk0t



~ 1
x (t )   X ( k0 )e jk0t

 T0

~ 1
x (t )   X ( k0 )e jk0t0
 0T0

Let T0  , 0  0
k0   , 0  d
 
~ 1 1
x (t )   X ( k0 )e jk0t
0   X ( ) e j t
d
 0T0 2 



 jt
X ( )  x (t ) e dt F ( x (t ))

 
1
x (t )   X ( ) e jt
d   1
 X ( ) 
2 



 jt
X ( )  x (t ) e dt F ( x (t ))


1

jt
x (t )  X ( )  X ( ) e dt
2 

Fourier Transform Pair

Suppose you are given x(t)

How the integral exist?

Let x(t) = u(t) is the integral exist?

If x(t) = tu(t) integral diverges FT does not exist

 Question on the existence of FT

1

j t
xˆ (t )  X ( ) e dt
2 

xˆ (t )  x (t )

Condition for convergence:

Condition for energy

 x(t )
2
dt  


Total energy of the signal must be finite

e(t )  x(t )  xˆ (t )


 e(t )
2
dt  0

Necessary and sufficient condition for the Fourier Transform

Dirichlet Condition they guarantee that the FT exists


2
1) x(t ) dt  


2) Finite no. of maxima and minima

3) Finite no of finite discontinu ity
Example - 1
x(t)   (t)

X( )    (t)e - j t
dt  1
-
Example - 2
t
x(t)  e u (t )

Example - 3
 t
x(t)  e
 1, t  T1
x(t )  
-T1 T1
0, t  T1

2 sin T1
X( ) 


Sinc Function
 -W W

Find x(t)?