EXAM TOPIC 1: ALGEBRA

01. Terminology:

- Coefficient - the number in front of the variable (ie. 8 is the coefficient of 8𝑥)
2
- Degree of the Polynomial: the most value exponent in the polynomial set ( the degree in 4𝑥 + 2𝑦 is 2)
- Term: A value, they are separated by + or - (ie. 3x - 2y + 5 has 3 terms)
- Monomial: 1 term
- Binomial: 2 terms
- Trinomial: 3 terms. If there are four terms, you write 4-term polynomial
- Variable: They have no real value, simply alegrabic symbols.

02. 2.1 Writing Expressions (ie. 32𝑥)

Common words:
Addition (+): plus, sum, more than, increased by
Subtraction (-): minus, difference, less than, decreased by, subtracted
Multiplication (x): times, product
Division: divided, quotient
Equal (=): is

Examples;

2 is more than 𝑥: 2 + 𝑥
5 is less than 𝑥: 5 − 𝑥
7 is a product of 𝑥: 7𝑥
𝑥
9 is a quotient of 𝑥: 9

2.2 Writing Equations ( 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 𝑧)

Example: If Person 1 is paid $57 for each week, we can represent his pay in P and number of weeks using
w in the equation
P = 57𝑤

03. Applying Equations to Perimeter and Area

Equations can be applied by using variables to make a formula for Perimeter and Area

ie. Perimeter of Rectangle = 2𝑙 + 2𝑤

ie. Area of Rectangle = 𝑙𝑤

04. 4.1 Simplying Expressions

Ex. 2𝑥 + 3𝑥 + 6𝑦 − 5𝑦 can be changed to 5𝑥 + 𝑦

 4.2 Solving Equations: When solving for 𝑥, you will perform BEDMAS backwards

Opposites:

× is the opposite of ÷
+ is the opposite of −
2
𝑥 is the opposite of 𝑥

1 STEP EQUATION: 3x = 21

➔ 3x ÷ 3 = 21 ÷ 3
➔ X=7

2 STEP EQUATION: 3x +16 =22

➔ 3x + 16-16=22-16
➔ 3x ÷ 3 = 6 ÷ 3
➔ X=2

MULTI STEP EQUATION: 3x + 5 =4x + 7 (Put variables on one side of the equation)

➔ 3x - 3x + 5 = 4x - 3x + 7
➔ 5-7=x+7-7
➔ -2 = x
➔ X = -2

TOPIC 2: LINEAR EQUATIONS

1) Writing in 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑏 format

Slope = 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑏
𝑚 ⇒ slope
𝑏 ⇒ y-intercept

2) Graphing using slope and y- intercept

Calculate Slope: To calculate Slope there are 2 methods

𝑟𝑖𝑠𝑒 ∆𝑦 ∆𝑦2− ∆𝑦1

Slope =
𝑟𝑢𝑛
⇐ ∆𝑥
⇐ ∆𝑥2− ∆𝑥1

If 𝑦 is positive, it will go up. If it is negative, it will go down.

If 𝑥 is positive, it will go right. If it is negative, it will go left.
 1) Use 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑏
Ex. 𝑦 = 2𝑥 + 3 (make x equal a value (ie.0)

𝑥 𝑦 Change in 𝑥 Change in 𝑦

2x0=0 0+3=3 -------------- --------------

2x1=2 2+3=5 1-0=1 5-3=2

2x2=4 4+3=7 2-1=1 7-5=2

∆𝑦 2
Slope:
∆𝑥
⇒ 1
To calculate the rate of change, we will change it into a number form.
∆𝑦 2
Slope:
∆𝑥
⇒ 1
=2

2) Use 2 points:
Ex. (2, -5) and ( 4, -3)

𝑟𝑖𝑠𝑒 ∆𝑦 ∆𝑦2− ∆𝑦1

Slope=
𝑟𝑢𝑛
⇐ ∆𝑥
⇐ ∆𝑥2− ∆𝑥1
𝑟𝑖𝑠𝑒 −8 −3−5
Slope=
𝑟𝑢𝑛
⇐ 2
⇐ 4−2

Plug 𝑦 into 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑏

−8
01. − 5 = 2
2 +𝑏
02. −5 = (− 4)2 + 𝑏
03. −5 = −8 +𝑏
04. −5 +8= −8+8+𝑏
05. 3= 𝑏

−8
𝑦= 2
𝑥+3

3) Writing equations of parallel lines

Parallel Lines have the same slope

Parallel Line Slope formula: 𝑦 − 𝑦1 = 𝑚(𝑥 − 𝑥1)
Ex. Find the Parallel Line to 𝑦 = 2𝑥 + 3 and passes through (4, 5).

𝑦 − 𝑦1 = 𝑚(𝑥 − 𝑥1) ⇒ 𝑦 − 5 = 2(𝑥 − 4)

= 𝑦 − 5 = 2𝑥 − 8
= 𝑦 − 5 + 5 = 2𝑥 − 8 + 5

= 𝑦 = 2𝑥 − 3
TOPIC 3: GEOMETRY
2 2 2
1) Pythagorean Theorem: Used for right triangles: 𝑎 + 𝑏 = 𝑐

2) Find Perimeter of uneven shapes:

You simply add all the sides, splitting the shape in two parts is sometimes necessary.

3) Calculating missing angles: A line will always be 180 degrees.

Congruent ⇒ Equal
Supplementary ⇒ 180 - the angle with value = the other angle

4) Calculating Volume and Surface Area

Shape Volume Surface Area

Cone π𝑟 ℎ
2 2
π𝑟 + π𝑟𝑠
3
𝑠 = slant height. It may be calculated w/ Pythagorean
Theorem by the height and radius

Cylinder π𝑟 ℎ
2
2π𝑟
2
+ 2π𝑟ℎ

Rectangular Prism 𝑙𝑤ℎ 2(𝑙𝑤 + 𝑙ℎ + 𝑤ℎ)

Cube 𝑠
3
6𝑠
2

S = side length