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MATHEMATICS
QUARTER 1 – MODULE 5
MELCs 10, 11 & 12

Transformation of a
Straight Line
 Part I.
Introduction

Different forms of equations have different uses, but the given form of an equation
might not always be the most useful. Thus, it is important to know how to convert an equation
to a form that will serve the intended purpose.
In this module, there are two forms of equations that we focus on; standard form 𝐴𝑥 +
𝐵𝑌 = 𝐶 that is usually used in writing the equation, and the slope-intercept form 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑏
that is mainly used in graphing the linear equation. The first part of the module is on writing
from the standard form to its slope-intercept form and vice versa. The second part pertains
to the graph of the linear equation in which the graph is a straight line. And the last part is
describing the graph, whether it is increasing, decreasing or no changes at all.
Straight line graphs are used in the research process and the preparation of the
government budget. Scientists often gather data from experiments, graph it, and search for
an equation to describe the trend they see.

Pretest

Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer. If there is no answer in the given choices,
write E. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.
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1. In the equation 𝑦 = − 𝑥 + 3, what is the slope of the line?
7
5 3
a. -5 b. −7 c. 7 d. 3
2. What is the y-intercept in the equation 𝑦 = 3𝑥 − 7?
a. -7 b. 5 c. 3 d. 1
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3. What is the standard form of the equation 𝑦 = −4𝑥 + 5?
a. 3𝑥 + 4𝑦 = −20 b. 3𝑥 − 4𝑦 = −20 c. 3𝑥 + 4𝑦 = 20 d. 3𝑥 − 4𝑦 = 20

4. Which linear equation represents the graph on the right?

2 3
a. 𝑦 = − 3 𝑥 + 2 b. 𝑦 = − 2 𝑥 + 2
c. 𝑦 = 2𝑥 + 2 d. 𝑦 = 𝑥 + 2

5. What is the trend of the graph of a linear equation that has a slope
5
of − 7?
a. the graph is increasing from left to right
b. the graph is decreasing from left to right
c. the graph is a horizontal line
d. the graph is a vertical line

Presentation / Discussion
MELC 10. Writes the linear equation 𝑨𝒙 + 𝑩𝒚 = 𝑪 in the form 𝒚 = 𝒎𝒙 + 𝒃 and vice
versa

The equation of the form 𝑨𝒙 + 𝑩𝒚 = 𝑪 can be written in the form 𝒚 = 𝒎𝒙 + 𝒃 and vice
versa.

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 Remember

Standard Form: , where are real numbers, ; and

Slope-intercept Form: , where m is the slope of a line and b is the y-
intercept.

Example 1:
Rewrite the following equations in the form 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑏.
a.) −2𝑥 + 𝑦 = 5
b.) 4𝑥 − 2𝑦 = 8

In writing the standard form of a linear equation to slope-intercept form, let us isolate
the variable 𝑦 on the left side of the equation. To do this, observe the steps below.
SOLUTION:
a.) −2𝑥 + 𝑦 = 5 Given
𝑦 = 5 + 2𝑥 Add 2𝑥 on both sides of the equation.
𝒚 = 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟓 Arrange the equation into 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑏.

b.) 4𝑥 − 2𝑦 = 8 Given
−2𝑦 = 8 − 4𝑥 Subtract 4𝑥 on both sides of the equation.
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𝑦 = −4 + 2𝑥 Multiply − 2 (the multiplicative inverse of -2) on
both sides of the equation.
𝒚 = 𝟐𝒙 − 𝟒 Arrange the equation into 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑏.

Example 2:
Rewrite the following equations in the form 𝐴𝑥 + 𝐵𝑦 = 𝐶.
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a.) 𝑦 = 4 𝑥 − 5
5 1
b.) 𝑦 = − 7 𝑥 + 3

In writing the slope-intercept form of a linear equation to standard form, the standard
form of linear equations should not contain fractions. Therefore, eliminate first the fractions
by multiplying the LCD on both sides of the equation. Use Addition Property of Equality (APE)
so that 𝑥 and 𝑦 be on the same side of the equation. Note that the leading coefficient (𝐴𝑥)
must be positive. Thus, multiply all terms by -1 if necessary.
SOLUTION:
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a.) 𝑦 = 4 𝑥 − 5 Given
4𝑦 = 3𝑥 − 20 Multiply the LCD 4 on both sides of the
equation.
−3𝑥 + 4𝑦 = −20 Add −3𝑥 on both sides of the equation.
𝟑𝒙 − 𝟒𝒚 = 𝟐𝟎 Multiply both sides by -1.

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b.) 𝑦 = − 7 𝑥 + 3 Given
21𝑦 = −15𝑥 + 7 Multiply the LCD 21 on both sides of the
equation. (Multiplication Property of Equality)
21𝑦 + 15𝑥 = 7 Add 15𝑥 on both sides of the equation.
𝟏𝟓𝒙 + 𝟐𝟏𝒚 = 𝟕 Arrange the equation into 𝐴𝑥 + 𝐵𝑦 = 𝐶

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MELC 11: Graphs a linear equation given (a) any two points; (b) the x- and y-
intercepts; (c) the slope and a point on the line

The graph of a linear equation is a straight line and it can be done using any of the
three methods: (1) using any two points, (2) using x- and y-intercepts, or (3) using a slope and
a point.

USING ANY TWO POINTS

One method of graphing a linear equation is using any two points. Remember that two
points are enough to draw the graph of a linear equation.
Line Postulate

Two points determine a line.

Example 1: Graph the linear equation 𝒚 = 𝟐𝒙 − 𝟑.

SOLUTION:
You may assign any two arbitrary values of 𝑥, say 0 and 1, and then solve for the
corresponding value of 𝑦.
By substitution, when 𝑥 = 0 when 𝑥 = 1
𝒚 = 𝟐𝒙 − 𝟑 𝒚 = 𝟐𝒙 − 𝟑
𝒚 = 𝟐(𝟎) − 𝟑 𝒚 = 𝟐(𝟏) − 𝟑
𝒚 = 𝟎−𝟑 𝒚 = 𝟐−𝟑
𝒚 = −𝟑 𝒚 = −𝟏
So, when 𝒙 = 𝟎 then 𝒚 = −𝟑 and when 𝒙 = 𝟏 then 𝒚 = −𝟏.
Therefore, the ordered pairs are (𝟎, −𝟑) and (𝟏, −𝟏) respectively.
This means that the line passes through these points.
Now, plot these two points and draw a line through them.
Shown on the right is the graph of the given linear equation
(1,-1)
𝒚 = 𝟐𝒙 − 𝟑.
(0,-3)
USING X- AND Y-INTERCEPTS
Another way of graphing a linear equation in two variables is by using the 𝑥- intercept
𝒂 and the 𝑦-intercept 𝒃. The 𝑥 and 𝑦- intercepts of the line could represent two points, which
are (𝒂, 𝟎) and (𝟎, 𝒃). So, the intercepts are enough to draw the graph of a linear equation.

Remember

The -intercept is the abscissa of the point where the graph or line crosses
the -axis. This implies that the point is on the − , then the ordinate is 0, ( , 0).
Similarly, since the -intercept is the ordinate of the point where the graph or line
crosses the -axis, this implies that the point is on the -axis, hence, the abscissa is
0, (0, ).

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Example 2: Graph the linear equation 𝒚 = 𝟐𝒙 − 𝟒.
SOLUTION:
To find the 𝑥-intercept of a line given its equation, let 𝑦 = 0, then solve for 𝑥. To find the
𝑦-intercept, let 𝑥 = 0, then solve for 𝑦.
Let 𝑦 = 0, then the equation 𝑦 = 2𝑥 − 4 becomes;
0 = 2𝑥 − 4 Substitution
0 − 2𝑥 = 2𝑥 − 2𝑥 − 4 Subtract both sides by 2𝑥
−2𝑥 = −4 Simplify
−2𝑥 −4
= Dividing both sides by −2
−2 −2
𝑥=2
So, the x-intercept is 2. In symbol, 𝑎 = 2. Then the point in the x-axis is (2,0).
Now, let 𝑥 = 0, then the equation 𝑦 = 2𝑥 − 4 becomes;
𝑦 = 2(0) − 4 Substitution
𝑦 = −4 Simplify

Hence, the 𝑦-intercept is −4. In symbol, 𝑏 = −4. x-intercept

The point in the 𝑦-axis is (0, −4).

Therefore, the x-intercept is 2 while the y-intercept is −4.
Now, plot the 𝑥 and 𝑦-intercepts, then draw a line
that passes through them.
y-intercept

USING SLOPE AND ONE POINT

Graphing linear equation can also be done using the slope and one point.

Example 3: Graph the line whose slope is 2 and contains the point (−1, −5).
SOLUTION:
1. Plot the given point (−1, −5).
𝑟𝑖𝑠𝑒
2. Use the slope formula 𝑚 = 𝑟𝑢𝑛 to identify the
rise and the run. The slope of the line is 2 which
2
is equal to 1
3. Starting at the given point (−1, −5), count out
the rise (2 units up) and run (1 unit to the right) to
mark the second point. (Note that the slope is positive.)
4. Draw a line passing the points. run= 1

B (0,-3)
rise= 2

A (-1,-5)

MELC 12: Describes the graph of a linear equation in terms of its intercepts
and slope

The graph of a linear equation can be described through its intercepts and slope. The
slope of a line is a number that measures its steepness, usually denoted by 𝒎. It is a
change in 𝒚 for a unit change in 𝒙 along the line.

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Example 1: Describe the graph of the linear equation 𝒚 = 𝟒𝒙 − 𝟑.
SOLUTION:
Since the slope is positive, then the graph of the linear
equation 𝒚 = 𝟒𝒙 − 𝟑 is increasing from left to right.
The graph is shown on the right.

Example 2: Describe the graph of the linear equation 𝒚 = −𝟔𝒙 + 𝟒.

SOLUTION:
The graph of the given linear equation shows that
as the value of 𝒙 increases then the value of 𝒚 decreases.
Notice also that the equation has a negative slope −𝟔.
Thus, it can be said that the graph of the given equation
decreases from left to right.

Example 3: Describe the graph of the linear equation 𝒚 = 𝟑.

SOLUTION:
The graph of the given linear equation shows that as
the value of 𝒙 increases then the value of 𝒚 never changes,
so the line is exactly horizontal.
The slope of any horizontal line is zero.
The line on the right does not go upward or downward
as the value of 𝒙 increases, so its slope is zero.

Example 4: Describe the graph of the linear equation 𝒙 = 𝟒.

SOLUTION:
Since the slope cannot be determined, or undefined,
then the graph of the given equation is a vertical line.

Remember

The value of the slope tells the trend of the graph.

➢If is positive, then the graph is increasing from left to right.
➢If is negative, then the graph is decreasing from left to right.
➢If is zero, then the graph is a horizontal line.
➢If is undefined, then the graph is a vertical line.
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PART II. Activities

Activity I. Rewrite the following linear equations in the specified form. Use a separate sheet
of paper.
A. Rewrite in the form 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑏.
1. 3𝑥 + 4𝑦 = 16
2. −5𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 12
B. Rewrite in the form 𝐴𝑥 + 𝐵𝑦 = 𝐶
1. 𝑦 = 5𝑥 − 5
3
2. 𝑦 = − 𝑥 + 4
5

Activity II. Graph each linear equation given pair of points, x- and y-intercepts or slope and
a point. Use graphing paper.
1. (2, 2) and (4, 5)
2. (-5, -3) and (-3, 5)
3. 𝒂 = −𝟐 and 𝒃 = −𝟒
4. 𝒂 = 𝟑 and 𝒃 = −𝟓
𝟑
5. (4, -5) and 𝒎 = − 𝟐

Activity III. Describe the trend of the graph of the given linear equations.
Trend of the graph
1. 𝟑𝒙 + 𝟓𝒚 = 𝟏𝟓 ___________________________________________
2. 𝒚 = −𝟔 ___________________________________________
3. 𝒚 = 𝟐𝒙 − 𝟓 ___________________________________________
4. 𝒙 = 𝟕 ___________________________________________
5. 𝒚 = −𝟓𝒙 + 𝟖 ___________________________________________

PART III. Summative Evaluation

Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer. If there is no answer in the given choices,
write E. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.
2 1
1. What is the standard form of 𝑦 = 3 𝑥 − 5?
a. −10𝑥 + 15𝑦 = 3 b. 10𝑥 − 15𝑦 = 3 c. −10𝑥 − 15𝑦 = −3 d. 10𝑥 − 15𝑦 = −3

2. What is the slope-intercept form of the equation 2𝑥 − 3𝑦 = 24 ?

2 2 2 2
a. 𝑦 = 3 𝑥 − 8 b. 𝑦 = 3 𝑥 + 8 c. 𝑦 = − 3 𝑥 − 8 d. 𝑦 = − 3 𝑥 + 8
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3. Rewrite the equation 𝑦 = 2𝑥 + 3 in standard form.
a. 6𝑥 + 3𝑦 = −1 b. 6𝑥 − 3𝑦 = 1 c. 6𝑥 − 3𝑦 = −1 d. 6𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 1
4. Write the linear equation 2𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 6 in slope-intercept form.
2 2 2 2
a. 𝑦 = − 3 𝑥 + 2 b. 𝑦 = 3 𝑥 + 2 c. 𝑦 = − 3 𝑥 − 2 d. 𝑦 = 3 𝑥 − 2
5. The graph at the right describes the equation 3𝑥 − 2𝑦 = −3,
what is the slope-intercept form of the equation?
3 3 3 3
a. 𝑦 = − 𝑥 + c. 𝑦 = − 𝑥 −
2 2 2 2
3 3 3 3
b. 𝑦 = 𝑥 − d. 𝑦 = 𝑥 +
2 2 2 2

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6. Which of the following is true about the graph of a linear equation?
a. it is a line b. it is an ellipse c. it is parabola d. it is hyperbola
7. Which of the following shows the graph of the equation 𝑥 + 𝑦 = −3?
a. b.

c. d.

8. Which linear equation represents the graph on the right?

2 3
a. 𝑦 = − 𝑥 + 1 b. 𝑦 = − + 1
3 2𝑥
c. 𝑦 = 2𝑥 + 1 d. 𝑦 = 𝑥 + 2

9. Which of the following shows the graph of a line whose slope is 3 and passes through the
point (2,1)?
a. b.

c. d.

10. Which line passes through the points (−1, 0) and (0, −2)?
a. 𝑦 = 2𝑥 + 2 b. 𝑦 = 2𝑥 − 2 c. 𝑦 = −2𝑥 + 2 d. 𝑦 = −2𝑥 − 2
11. If the slope 𝑚 is positive, what is the trend of the graph?
a. increasing from left to right b. decreasing from left to right
c. horizontal line d. vertical line

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12. Which of the following describes the graph of the linear equation 𝑦 = −4𝑥 + 3?
a. increasing from left to right b. decreasing from left to right
c. horizontal line d. vertical line
13. Which of the following slopes and intercepts describe the graph as increasing from left to
right?
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a. 𝑚 = 5; (0, −6) b. 𝑚 = 0; (0,3) c. 𝑚 = −3; (0,4) d. 𝑚 = 0 ; (−5,0)
14. Which of the following linear equations shows the graph as decreasing from left to right?
a. 2𝑥 − 3𝑦 = 5 b. 4𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 3 c. 𝑦 = 5 d. 𝑥 = −4
15. What is the trend of the graph of the linear equation 𝑦 = 5?
a. the graph is increasing from left to right
b. the graph is decreasing from left to right
c. the graph is a horizontal line
d. the graph is a vertical line

Answer Key

5. 4.

3. 2. 1.
Activity II

5. The graph is decreasing from left to right 2.

4. The graph is a vertical line B. 1.
3. The graph is increasing from left to right 2.
2. The graph is a horizontal line
1. The graph is decreasing from left to right A. 1.
Activity III Activity I

5. b 4. a 3. c 1. b 2. a
Pretest

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References

Government of the Philippines, Department of Education, Mathematics 8 Learner’s

Module First Edition,2013, ISBN: 978-971-9990-70-3
Government of the Philippines, Department of Education, Exploring Math 8 Textbook First
Edition, 2018,ISBN: 978-971-23-9244-3