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MATHEMATICS
QUARTER 1 – MODULE 4
MELC 7, 8, & 9

Steep Up!
PART I.
A. Introduction

This module is all about the rectangular coordinate system and its uses, linear equations in two
variables, and in finding the slope of a line given two points, equations, and then graph. As you go
throughout this module, there are various activities provided to develop your knowledge and skills,
deepen your understanding of the rectangular coordinate system. The activities are arranged and
aligned accordingly in learning competencies and to correspond with your learning needs.

Pretest

Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

1. What do you call an expression in fraction form in which the numerator and the denominator
are polynomials?
A. linear algebraic equation C. rational algebraic expression
B. rational algebraic equation D. linear algebraic expression

5𝑥+3
2. What value of x will make the rational algebraic expression undefined?
𝑥−6
A. −3 C. −6
B. 3 D. 6

3. Which of the following mathematicians was the Cartesian Plane named after?
A. René Descartes C. Blaise Pascal
B. Pythagoras D. Euclid

4. In which quadrant is the point (6, -3) located?

A. I B. II C. III D. IV

5. Find the slope of a line given two points (1,-4) and (-2,-1).
A. 3/5 B. -3/5 C. 1 D. -1

6. Determine the slope of the line y = 3x – 5.

A. 1 B. 3 C. 5 D. -5

7. Which of the following is the standard form of a linear equation in two variables?
A. y = mx + b B. Ax + By = C C. y = mx - b D. Ax - By = C

8. What do you call the steepness or inclination of the line also known as “rise over run”?
A. abscissa B. ordinate C. slope D. equation

9. How many quadrants does a Rectangular Coordinate System have?

A. 3 B. 4 C. 5 D. 6

10. Which ordered pair satisfies the linear equation 2𝑥 − 𝑦 = 3?

A. (−2, -1) C. (2, 1)
B. (−2 , 1) D. (2, −1)

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B. Presentation/Discussion

MELC 7: Illustrates the rectangular coordinate system and its uses

Cartesian Coordinate System is a system used for graphing number pairs, it is also called
rectangular coordinate system.

The Cartesian plane is named after the

French mathematician, philosopher, and
theologian René Descartes (1596–1650), who
introduced the coordinate system to show how
algebra could be used to solve geometric
problems.
He was also known as “Father of Modern
Mathematics”.

The number plane or Cartesian plane is

http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Fr
ans_Hals_-
_Portret_van_Ren%C3%A9_Descartes.jpg.
like two number lines that cross at zero; one of
them is horizontal and the other is vertical. The
Cartesian coordinate system is used to plot
points.

René Descartes (1596-1650)

The rectangular coordinate system consists of two real number lines that intersect at a right angle.

The horizontal number line is called the x-axis, and the vertical number line is called the y-axis.

These two number lines define a flat surface called a plane, and each point on this plane is associated
with an ordered pair of real numbers (x, y).

The first number and coordinates of the point that intersects the horizontal axis is called the x-
coordinate or abscissa. The second number and coordinates of the point that intersects the vertical axis is
called the y-coordinate or ordinate. The intersection of the two axes is known as the origin, which
corresponds to the point (0, 0). The x-intercept is the abscissa of the coordinates of the point in which the
graph intersects the x-axis. The y-intercept is the ordinate of the point in which the graph intersects the y-axis.

A. Illustrative Example

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 The x- and y-axes break the plane into four regions called quadrants, named using Roman Numerals
I, II, III, and IV as illustrated below. In Quadrant I, both coordinates are positive (+, +). In Quadrant II, the x-
coordinate is negative and the y-coordinate is positive (-, +). In Quadrant III, both coordinates are negative
(-, -). In Quadrant IV, the x-coordinate is positive and the y-coordinate is negative (+, -).

The coordinates of:

1. point A in Quadrant II are (−4, 7).
2. point B in Quadrant IV are (1, -8).
3. point C in Quadrant I are (3, 4).
4. point D in Quadrant III are (−9, -3).

(-9,-3)

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Plotting a Point in the Cartesian plane

Points are a set of ordered pairs in the form of (x, y). These coordinate values are found by
tracing their location first to the x-axis and then to the y-axis. When plotting individual points, it should
be labeled with CAPITAL LETTER.

Examples:
From the point of From the point of
Plot the following ordered pairs: origin, Point A → 1 origin, Point C → 3
A (-1, 4) unit left, then 4 units right, then 1
B (1, -2) units up unit up
C (3, 1)
C (3, 1)

From the point of

origin, Point B → 1
unit right, then 2
units down. (Going
down is negative)
MELC 8: Illustrates linear equations in two variables
Problems can be solved and modeled by using linear equations in two variables. As long as one of
the values is given, we’re able to find the value of the other one.

A linear equation in two variables has standard form of 𝑨𝒙 + 𝑩𝒚 = 𝑪, where A, B & C are
real numbers and the coefficients of x and y, i.e., A and B respectively, are not equal to zero.

In the form Ax + By = C, the numbers A and B are called the coefficients of the variables x and y,
respectively, while C is called the constant of the equation.
2𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 7 and 9𝑥 − 2𝑦 = 8
These are examples of a linear equation in two variables.
The equation defines the relationship between these variables and it can be used to determine if a
set of ordered pairs (𝑥, 𝑦) is a solution to an equation. When x-coordinate is multiplied by a and y-
coordinate is multiplied by b, then the sum of these two values will make both sides of an equation equal.
There are infinitely many solutions for linear equations in two variables.
When plotting all the ordered pair solutions using the rectangular coordinate plane, it can be represented
using a straight line connecting the points; this line is called its graph.

Example: Find the ordered pair solutions to the equation 6𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 10. Given x-values {−2, −1, 0, 1, 2}.
Solution: First, solve for y.
6𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 10
6𝑥 + 2𝑦 − 𝟔𝒙 = 10 − 𝟔𝒙 Subtract 6x both sides

2𝑦 = −6𝑥 + 10

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 2𝑦 −6𝑥 + 10
= Divide both sides by 2.
2 2
−6 10
𝑦= 𝑥+ Distribute and divide.
2 2
𝒚 = −𝟑𝒙 + 𝟓

In this case, we will be going to substitute x-values in the equation in order to find the corresponding y-
values.

x -2 -1 0 1 2

y 11 8 5 2 -1

x = -2 x = -1 x=0 x=1 x=2

𝒚 = −𝟑𝒙 + 𝟓 𝒚 = −𝟑𝒙 + 𝟓 𝒚 = −𝟑𝒙 + 𝟓 𝒚 = −𝟑𝒙 + 𝟓 𝒚 = −𝟑𝒙 + 𝟓

𝒚 = −𝟑(−𝟐) + 𝟓 𝒚 = −𝟑(−𝟏) + 𝟓 𝒚 = −𝟑(𝟎) + 𝟓 𝒚 = −𝟑(𝟏) + 𝟓 𝒚 = −𝟑(𝟐) + 𝟓

𝒚=𝟔+𝟓 𝒚 =𝟑+𝟓 𝒚 =𝟎+𝟓 𝒚 = −𝟑 + 𝟓 𝒚 = −𝟔 + 𝟓

𝒚 = 𝟏𝟏 𝒚=𝟖 𝒚=𝟓 𝒚=𝟐 𝒚 = −𝟏

Solutions: (-2, 11) Solutions: (-1, 8) Solutions: (0, 5) Solutions: (1, 2) Solutions: (2, -1)

Illustrative Example

As shown in
the figure, the points
A (-2,11) are collinear, and this
will be the case for any
linear equation. To
B (-1,8) indicate that the graph
extends indefinitely,
we will be going to add
C (0,5) arrows on both ends of
the line.
D (1, 2)

E (2, -1)

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MELC 9: Illustrates and finds the slope of a given two points, equation, and graph
Are you an adventurous person? Do you love mountain or hill climbing? Which do you think
is difficult to climb, mountains or hills? Imagine when you climb a mountain or hill, do you think there
is a difference in speed when climbing mountains than climbing hills?
Let’s find out the answers to these questions by determining the importance of learning the
slope of a line and its applications in our daily lives.

The slope of a line can be used to describe how steep the line is. The steepness of the hill
(represented by a slight slant) and steepness of the mountain (represented by more slant) are called the
slope.

The slope of a line is a measure of its steepness of a line and is represented by m.

Mathematically, the slope is commonly known as “rise over run”. We can calculate it by dividing the
change in the y-value between two points (rise) over the change in the x-value between two points (run).
In symbol,
𝒓𝒊𝒔𝒆 ∆𝒚
𝒔𝒍𝒐𝒑𝒆 (𝒎) = =
𝒓𝒖𝒏 ∆𝒙

Illustrative Examples

𝒓𝒊𝒔𝒆 𝟖 𝟒 𝒓𝒊𝒔𝒆 𝟒 𝟐
𝒎= = = 𝒎= = =
𝒓𝒖𝒏 𝟔 𝟑 𝒓𝒖𝒏 𝟔 𝟑

In situation 1, the steeper the road, the larger is the slope. Hence, the Skier was going up into the
hill or mountain and is heading to a positive slope line.

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 Figure 3
rise = -3 Figure 4
rise = -6

𝑟𝑖𝑠𝑒 −6 3
run = 6 𝑟𝑖𝑠𝑒 −3 1 𝑚= = =−
𝑚= = =− 𝑟𝑢𝑛 4 2
𝑟𝑢𝑛 6 2
run = 4

In situation 2, the Skier was going down the hill or mountain and was heading to a negative slope
line. Take note that the steeper the road, the more the Skier builds up speed, and the more the slope
becomes negative.

Figure 5 Figure 6

𝑟𝑖𝑠𝑒 0
𝑚= = =0
𝑟𝑢𝑛 6

rise = 0

run = 6

In figure 5, the Skier is on a flat ground, Skiing vertically is NOT

which means that there is no vertical change, if POSSIBLE. In Figure 6, the slope is
that’s the case, the slope is zero. undefined.
𝑟𝑖𝑠𝑒
When given a graph, we use the formula, 𝑚 = in finding the slope of a line. Now, let’s take a
𝑟𝑢𝑛
look at the other ways in finding the slope of a line.

Finding the Slope of a Line given Two Point

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 3. Get the difference of the ordinates of points A and B. Likewise, we will solve for the difference of
abscissas of points A and B.
Solution:
𝑦2 − 𝑦1 = 9 − 1 = 8
𝑥2 − 𝑥1 = 7 − 5 = 2
4. Compare the difference of the values of y (the ordinates) to the rise on the graph and the difference
of the values of x (the abscissas) to the run on the graph.
Solution:
𝑦2 − 𝑦1 = 𝑟𝑖𝑠𝑒 𝑥2 − 𝑥1 = 𝑟𝑢𝑛

5. Get the ratio of the differences in y-values to the differences in x-values.

Solution:
𝑦2 − 𝑦1 𝟖
= =𝟒
𝑥2 − 𝑥 1 𝟐

Hence, the slope of this line is 4.

To find for the slope of a line using the given two points, use the formula:
𝑦2 − 𝑦1
𝒎=
𝑥2 − 𝑥1

Finding the Slope of a Line given an Equation

When an equation is given, the slope of a line can easily be determined.

Given the equation 4𝑥 − 𝑦 = 19, answer the following questions to find the slope of a line.

1. Is the equation written in the form 𝐴𝑥 + 𝐵𝑦 = 𝐶?

Answer: YES

2. What are the values of the coefficients A and B?

Answer: A = 4 ; B = -1

3. What is the additive inverse of the coefficient A?

Answer: Since A = 4, then the additive inverse of the coefficient A is -4.

4. Get the ratio of the coefficient of the additive inverse A to the coefficient of B.
Answer:
−𝐴 −4
= =4
𝐵 −1

5. What have you noticed? Compare the ratio of the rise to the run and the ratio of the differences in y-
values to the differences in the x-values if it is the same with the ratio of the additive inverse of A to
B.
Answer:
𝑟𝑖𝑠𝑒 8
𝑚= = =4
𝑟𝑢𝑛 2
−𝐴 −4
𝑚= = =4 The answer is YES
𝐵 −1
𝑦 − 𝑦1 𝟖
𝒎= 2 = =𝟒
𝑥2 − 𝑥1 𝟐

The standard form of a linear equation in two variables 𝐴𝑥 + 𝐵𝑦 = 𝐶, the ratio of the additive
inverse of the coefficient of A and B is the slope. In symbol,

−𝑨
𝒎8=
𝑩
Part II. ACTIVITIES
I. NutriCHOOSE
Directions: Choose nutritious foods from the box, then plot the coordinates corresponding
to each food you have chosen on the cartesian plane. Label each point.

Burger
(2,1) (-4,2)
Banana

(1,-3)
Eggs

(-3,-4) (-5,3)
Cola Bread

II. Am I In or Out?
A. Directions: Determine the equations that represent a linear equation in two variables. Cross out the
word/s written below the equation that does not represent linear equation in two variables to reveal a quote
by Winston Churchill. Write down the quote by Winston Churchill.

𝑥+𝑦
𝒙 + 𝟐𝒚 = 𝟖 =5 7 (y – 3) = 2x 𝑥 − 𝑦2 = 1 𝑦 + 5𝑥 = −3𝑥
2
The message of dawn to no one is hope.

B. Directions: Determine the graphs that represent a linear equation in two variables. Cross out the word/s
written below the graph that does not represent linear equation in two variables to reveal a quote by John
Wooden. Write down the quote by John Wooden.

Trust the timing Make each day of your life your masterpiece

C. Directions: Determine which of the following tables represent linear equations in two variables. Draw a

happy face if it is linear and a sad face if it is not.

1. 2.
x -4 -2 0 2 4 x -4 -2 0 2 4
y -13 -9 -5 -1 3 y -6 6 10 6 -6

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III. Matching Type: Match the given lines in Column A with their corresponding slopes in
Column B. Write the letter of your answer on the space provided before each number.
Column A Column B
_____1. 𝑦 = 3𝑥 + 2 A. 2

_____ 2. 10𝑥 + 5𝑦 = 2 B. 3
_____ 3. a line that passes through the points (-5, 3) and (2, 4) C. -1
_____ 4. a line that passes through the points (0, 5) and (-7, 12) D. -2
y 1
_____5. E.
7

Note: You may check your answers to Part II. at the last page of this module.

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PART III. Summative Evaluation
Directions: Write the letter of the correct answer on the space provided before each item.

_____1. The Cartesian Coordinate Plane is divided into four regions called the _______________.
A. axes B. origin C. quadrants D. ordered pairs
_____2. The vertical axis in the coordinate plane is also called the________________________.
A. x - axis B. y – axis C. origin D. quadrants
_____3. The point where x – and y – axes meet is called the ____________________________.
A. x - axis B. y – axis C. origin D. quadrants
_____4. Which of the following is true about the point (-2,5)?
A. It lies in Quadrant I
B. It lies in Quadrant II
C. It lies in Quadrant III
D. It lies in Quadrant IV
_____5. Which of the following equations is not a linear equation in two variables.
A. x + y = 10 B. 2x – 3 = 4y C. 2x – 3y = 6 D. x2 – x – 6 = 0

_____6. It refers to the ratio of the change in y-coordinates to the corresponding change in x-coordinates.
A. ordered pair B. slope C. abscissa D. ordinate

_____7. What is the slope of line m in Figure 4?

1
A.-1 B. 1 C. 0 D.
2

_____8. It is the abscissa of the coordinates of the point in which the graph intersects the x – axis.
A. slope B. x – intercept C. y – intercept D. origin

_____9. It is the ordinate of the coordinates of the point in which the graph intersects the y – axis.
A. Slope B. x – intercept C. y – intercept D. origin

_____10. The graph of linear equations in two variables is a __________.

A. straight line B. curve line C. broken line D. half line

_____11. Find the slope of a line which passes through the points (3,4) and (8, -1).
3 5
A. -1 B. 1 C. D.
5 3

_____12. Determine the slope of the line having the equation 2x + y = 12.
1 1
A. 2 B. -2 C. D. −
2 2

_____13. If the graph of the linear equation rises to the left then the slope is______.
A. 0 B. negative C. positive D. undefined

_____14. As x increases in the equation 3x – 2y = 6, the value of y

A. increases B. decreases C. does not change D. cannot be determined

_____15. Which line passes through the point (1, -4)?

A. x + y = 5 B. x + y = -5 C. x – y = 5 D. x – y = -5

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ANSWER KEY

Pretest
1. C 6. B
2. D 7. B
3. A 8. C
4. D 9. B
5. D 10. C

Banana
Bread
A 5.
C 4.
E 3.
D 2.
B 1.
Eggs III.

References:

DepEd Materials:
Mathematics Learner’s Material in Grade 8, First Edition, 2013: Abuzo, Emmanuel P., Bryant, Merden
A., et. al

Exploring Math Textbook; Oronce, Orlando A. Mendoza, Marilyn O.,

Philippine Copyright 2018 by Rex Bookstore, Inc.
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