QUADRATIC

INEQUALITIES
2nd Quarter – Week 1
OBJECTIVES :
At the end of the lesson, students should be able to :
1. illustrate quadratic inequalities

2. solve quadratic inequalities

3. solve problems involving quadratic inequalities

Quadratic Inequality in one variable is an expression that can be expressed
in any of the following forms,
𝒂𝒙 𝟐 +𝒃𝒙 +𝒄 >𝟎
𝒂𝒙 𝟐 +𝒃𝒙 +𝒄 <𝟎
𝒂𝒙 𝟐 +𝒃𝒙 +𝒄 ≥ 𝟎
𝟐
𝒂𝒙 +𝒃𝒙 +𝒄 ≤ 𝟎
𝒂𝒙 𝟐 +𝒃𝒙 +𝒄 ≠ 𝟎
where a, b and c are real numbers and a 0.
A solution of a quadratic inequality in x is any set of values of x for
which the inequality is true.
PROPERTIES OF INEQUALITY

i. A product is positive when the factors are both positive, or

both negative. That is, if then and , or and .

ii. A product is negative when the factor is positive, and the other
is negative. That is, if then and , or and .
THREE METHODS OF
SOLVING QUADRATIC
INEQUALITIES
 1. THE CASE EXPLORATION METHOD
(considering all possible cases involved in the given inequality)
EXAMPLE : 𝒙 𝟐 − 𝟓 𝒙 +𝟔< 𝟎
Step 1: Express the quadratic Remember, the word “and”
Case 1: and connotes intersection. The
inequality in factored
form. intersection of the graph of
and and is shown the number line.
( 𝒙 −𝟑 ) ( 𝒙 −𝟐)<𝟎
For the product of to be less than 0, one
factor must be positive and the other
must be negative. There are two cases
under these conditions. Case 2: and If the word “and” connotes
intersection, then the word “or”
Case 1: and and connotes union.
Case 2: and
The union of the solution is Case 1 and the solution of Case 2 is

( 𝟐 ,𝟑 ) ∪ ∅=(𝟐 ,𝟑)
Therefore the solution of are those values of x between 2 and 3, exclusive.

{ 𝒙|𝟐< 𝒙 < 𝟑 }
 EXAMPLE : 𝟐 𝒙 𝟐 +𝟓 𝒙 −𝟏𝟐> 𝟎
Step 1: Express the quadratic inequality in factored form.

( 𝟐 𝒙 −𝟑 ) ( 𝒙 +𝟒)>𝟎For the product of to be greater than 0, both must be positive or both must be negative.

Case 1: and Case 2: and

and and

The graph shows that the solution in Case 1 is or The graph shows that the solution in Case 2 is

Therefore, the solution of are those values of x greater than or those values of x less than -4.
 2. THE INSPECTION OF SIGNS METHOD
(inspection of signs)
𝟐
EXAMPLE :𝟑 𝒙 − 𝟓 𝒙 >𝟐
Step 1: Transform the given inequality into the form
𝟐
𝟑 𝒙 −𝟓 𝒙 −𝟐> 𝟎
Step 2: Factor the left side. Equate each linear factor to 0 to find the boundary point or neutral numbers.
These are the numbers that make the linear factor 0.
𝟐
𝟑 𝒙 −𝟓 𝒙 −𝟐> 𝟎
(𝒙+𝟐)(𝟑 𝒙 −𝟏)>𝟎
𝒙 +𝟐 =𝟎 𝟑 𝒙 − 𝟏=𝟎
𝟏
𝒙=−𝟐 𝒙=
𝟑
Locate these numbers on the number line. Use dotted lines (for or ) to form NN (negative-
negative), PN (positive-negative), and PP (positive-positive) regions through the neutral numbers

At the neutral number For any numbers x to the right of -2, the value of x+2 is positive,
and for any numbers x to the left of -2, the value of x+2 is negative.
Similarly, at is 0, positive for , and negative for

Since the given inequality is equivalent to , the factors must have the same signs, and the regions of signs suited are
the regions marked NN and PP. These suggest that the solution of is
EXAMPLE :−𝟒 𝒙 𝟐+𝟔 𝒙 ≤𝟑 −𝟐 𝒙
Step 1: Transform the given inequality into the form

−𝟒 𝒙 𝟐+𝟖 𝒙 − 𝟑 ≤𝟎
(−𝟐 𝒙+𝟏)(𝟐 𝒙 −𝟑)≤𝟎
− 𝟐 𝒙 +𝟏=𝟎𝟐 𝒙 − 𝟑=𝟎
𝟏 𝟑
𝒙= 𝒙=
𝟐 𝟐
Locate these numbers on the number line. Use dotted lines (for or ) to form NN (negative-
negative), PN (positive-negative), and PP (positive-positive) regions through the neutral numbers
Since the given inequality is equivalent to , the factors must have the different signs, and the regions of signs suited
are PN and NP. That means the solution of is
 3. THE PARABOLA METHOD METHOD
(the use of parabola)
𝟏 𝟐
EXAMPLE :𝒚 = 𝒙 − 𝟐 𝒙 −𝟑
𝟐
Step 1: Identify the vertex and the x-intercepts of the parabola . Then, sketch it.
𝟐
𝟏 Equate y to 0 to find the x-intercepts.
𝒚= 𝒙 − 𝟐 𝒙 −𝟑
𝟐 𝟏
¿
𝟏 𝟐
¿ ( 𝒙 ¿¿ 𝟐− 𝟒 𝒙 ) − 𝟑 ¿ 𝟏
𝟐 ¿
𝟏 𝟐
¿ ( 𝒙 ¿¿ 𝟐− 𝟒 𝒙 + 𝟒)−𝟑 −𝟐 ¿
𝟐 ¿
¿
𝟏
¿ ( 𝒙 − 𝟐)= ± √ 𝟏𝟎
𝟐
𝒙 =𝟐 ± √ 𝟏𝟎
The vertex is at (2,-5). The x-intercepts are and
The part of the graph is above the x-axis. These parts
correspond to or . Therefore the solution of is
 𝟐
EXAMPLE : 𝒚=−𝟑 𝒙 +𝟏𝟐 𝒙 −𝟏
Step 1: Identify the vertex and the x-intercepts of the parabola . Then, sketch it.

𝒚 =−𝟑 𝒙 𝟐 +𝟏𝟐 𝒙 −𝟏 Set y = 0, then solve for x to find the x-

intercepts.
¿ −𝟑(𝒙 ¿¿ 𝟐 −𝟒 𝒙)−𝟏 ¿ −𝟑( 𝒙 −𝟐)𝟐+𝟏𝟏=𝟎
¿−𝟑(𝒙 ¿¿𝟐−𝟒 𝒙 +𝟒)−𝟏+𝟏𝟐 ¿ −𝟑( 𝒙 −𝟐)𝟐=−𝟏𝟏
¿ −𝟑( 𝒙 −𝟐)𝟐 +𝟏𝟏 𝟐 𝟏𝟏
( 𝒙 − 𝟐) =
The vertex is at (2,11).
𝟑
( 𝒙 − 𝟐)= ± √ 𝟑𝟑
𝟑
The x-intercepts are and 𝒙 =𝟐 ±
√ 𝟑𝟑
𝟑
The part of the graph is on and above the x-axis. This part
corresponds to . Therefore the solution of set of is
PROBLEM SOLVING
INVOLVING
QUADRATIC
INEQUALITIES
 The sum of two numbers is 20 and the sum of their squares is less
than 362. Find all the pairs of integers that satisfy the given
conditions.
Solution : n = one of the integers
20 - n = the other integer
𝟐
𝒏𝒏 ++ 𝟐¿
¿ The region of signs that will satisfy the inequality
𝒏𝟐 +𝟒𝟎𝟎 − 𝟒𝟎 𝒏+𝒏𝟐 <𝟑𝟔𝟐 is NP. This implies that the pairs of integers that will
satisfy the given conditions in the problem must be
𝟐 𝒏𝟐 −𝟒𝟎 𝒏+ 𝟒𝟎𝟎<𝟑𝟔𝟐 between 1 and 19. The pairs of integers are:

𝒏𝟐 −𝟐𝟎 𝒏+𝟐𝟎𝟎<𝟏𝟖𝟏 (2,18) , (3,17), (4,16), (5,15), (6,14), (7,13), (8,12),

𝒏𝟐 − 𝟐𝟎 𝒏 +𝟏𝟗<𝟎 (9,11) and (10,10).
(𝒏 −𝟏𝟗)(𝒏 − 𝟏)< 𝟎
 The width of a rectangle is shorter than its length. Find the
possible lengths if the area of the rectangle is at least
Solution : L = length of the rectangle
L -6= width of the rectangle

𝑳( 𝑳− 𝟔)≥ 𝟔𝟔𝟕
𝟐
𝑳 − 𝟔 𝑳 ≥ 𝟔𝟔𝟕 The region of signs that will satisfy the inequality is PP since
length L cannot be negative, including L=29. Hence, the
𝑳𝟐 − 𝟔 𝑳 − 𝟔𝟔𝟕 ≥ 𝟎 length is at least 29 cm.
( 𝑳+𝟐𝟑)( 𝑳 −𝟐𝟗) ≥ 𝟎
𝑳= { 𝑳| 𝑳 ≥ 𝟐𝟗 }
The neutral numbers are -
23 and 29.
Solve the following quadratic inequality using the Case Exploration Method.

1. 2.