Astronomical Geography (Summary)

UNIVERSE:
• Local group (it consists of many galaxies).
• Milky Way (Our galaxy).
• Outer planets of solar system.
• Inner planets of solar system.

OUR SOLAR SYSSTEM:

• Sun
• Planets: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, Pluto
• Moons
• Meteorits
• Asteroids
• Comets
• Interplanetary dust and gas

THE SUN:
• The only star in our solar system.
• The energy of the sun comes from nuclear reaction:
H→He
• The internal structure of the sun:
1. Core → nuclear reaction in 15million oC
2. Raditional zone → light comes from here
3. Convection zone → energy comes through by
circulation.
4. Photosphere → It’s the visible surface of the sun.
Sunspots: Its a relatively cooler area
Flares : Fklashes of energy

PLANETS:
The planets in order of increasing distance from the Sun.
Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, Pluto
Types:
1. Inner or terraneous planets (eg: Mercury Earth Mars)
- Small, rocky
- They have high density

2. Giants or gasous planets

- Big, made of gases (eg: He, H)
- Low density

3. Pluto
- Water, rock, methane
ECLIPSES:

ORBIT OF THE EARTH:

Annul equinox:
23. Sept → length of day = length of night
It is the same all the world. The Sun will be overhead at Equator in midday.

Summer soltice:
22. June → This is the longest day in northern hemisphere.
At Tropic of Cancer the Sun will be overhead in midday.

Vernal equinox:
21. March → Length of day = length of night.
At equator sun will be overhead in midday.

Winter solitace:
22. Dec → This is the shortest day in northern hemisphere.
At Tropic of Capricorn the sun will be overhead in midday.