GEOMORPHOLOGY Terasz (folyó terasz)

Landform Types
Topography / Topographic features Réteglépcső s síksá g: cuesta: : A land form that
Terrain Types has a steep ascent in one direction and a
Relief Features gentle descent in the opposite direction

Valleys: Medence
formed by: erosion or uplifing or Formed by impact, subsidence,
subsudence along faults or mass wasting Depression, basin, lowland
(derázió) Meder: riverbed, lake bed,
Rill (eró zió s bará zda pl. szá ntó n)-> Fenék, aljzat: seafloor, seabed = bottom of sea
Gully (vízmosá s/á rok /Wash) -> -> Bedrock: szálban álló kőzet (anyakőzet)
Wadi (in arid climate, desert)
aszó /szá razvö lgy (dry/dead valley)-> Síkság
(Ephemeral waterbody/stream) Formed by subsidence+deposition or glacial
Ravine (szurdok: in hard stone, gorge, deep erosion (carving by stones carried at the bottom of
and narrow ravine between cliffs) moving ice)
Hasadékvö lgy: between tectonic faults
Valley Tájjellegek
Canyon (in horizonally stratified layers with
terraces) Varieties of Terrain or relief types / topography
Szélestalpú vö lgy broad flat valley floor Flat
(=floodplain), filled by fluvial sediment Undulating hullámos
U shaped glacial Hullámzó mező: a szélfújta fű miatt is
V shaped fluvial (gently) Rolling
Oldalvö lgy: side valley Rugged /ˈrʌg ɪd/ (rögös/vad)
Há travá gó dó eró zió (backwards erosion) (Jagged/csipkés) /ˈdʒæg ɪd/ - the jagged edge of a
Vö lgyfő valley head = cirque, amphitheatre-like saw
valley head, head of a valley scalloped a series of curved projections cut along
the edge (from Pecten-Scalop)
Lobate - lobes
Hegy
/irregular is the result of complicated processes of
Formed by uplift along faults (horts), folds
erosion acting on rocks of varying degrees of
(plate collision), or lava eruption (or
hardness. (differential erosion/weathering –
impact ejecta)
hoodoo, mushroom rock)
Hegyhát / Dombhá t Hilltop, mountaintop
(deeply) Dissected / gullied tagolt, felárkolt
Ridge É les (hegygerinc, taraj) (elevated crest) /
felszabdalt
éles gerincű
tagolt
Lapos,– table, plateau, mesa – elevated with tagolatlan=sík
flat top and steep cliffs – butte (caprock Knobby - flat with rounded, domelike hills.
mostly eroded away)- steep walled Hummocky - formed by ice deposited below the
Butte témoin: tanú hegy, witness butte, surface and melting to form hummocky
outlier topography, they are a stagnant ice feature.
Csú csos Peak Pitted
Domború Ridged
Sloping
Lejtő: slope Terraced
sík flat, plain
enyhe ~ gentle slope lanká s, szelíd lanka Terrain types
meredek steep slope Síkság (Hortobágy) Plain
falszerű cliff, wall, szakadék, sziklaperem, Flat ~ / tableland
sziklafal (gently) Rolling ~
hegyoldal / meredek, sziklá s, erdő s, Undulating plains
Highland: Plateau
Lépcső Lowland: Alluvial / Floodplain / Coastal ~
Tereplépcső: Escarpment, scarp : steep slope or
long cliff that results from erosion or faulting Hullámos vidék (Belső-Somogy)
and separates two relatively level areas of Buckás vidék (eolikus) (Nyírség)
differing elevations. (szakadék) Rolling hills Dimbes-dombos
Magaspart (Dunpart) Undulating
Bucka Caves cseppkõ barlang dripstone cave /
Hegyes-völgyes (?) stalactitic cavern/cave, / cave popcorn (hot
water)
tavasbarlang lake cave
Dombvidék (Külső-Somogy, Zala) Hills, hilly
terrain Hill domb, hegy / knoll, mound, knob,
Eróziós völgy (vízerózió)
Deráziós (kimart) völgy (tömegmozgásos Hegység Range, Mountains, massif, sierra,
– aprózódás-mállás: tál alakú szárazvölgy) chain, ridge,
Eróziós-deráziós völgy Rock bérc, orom, szirt
Bucka mound, barrow Peak csú cs, tetõ / point, height
Part: Coastal landforms
coast (tenger), (coastline vs coastal zone)
shore(line) (Sea or lake)
Árkolt vidék (löszön, Mezőföld) bank (river) (riverbank)
(deeply) Dissected (severely eroded) levée (tö ltés) (or bank)
Rugged hills Bay Öböl/Sinus cove, gulf, inlet
Felárkolt (síkságba árkok vágódnak) Lagoon+barrier island (turzá s/lidó (ha messze
van) -> turolá s
Felárkolt kopáros (Kazár) Badland cliff (coastal)
atoll vs coral reef
Alacsony hegyvidék Cserhát Highland Archipelago /ˌɑr kəˈpɛl əˌgoʊ/ szigetcsoport
Peninsula félsziget
Hegyláb: Foothills = piedmont Strait szoros (-> straight: egyenes)
Törmeléklejtők / alluvial cones / alluvium- Mouth: Delta vs Estuary
colluvium / talus slopes / debris cone (by mass
wasting)
Növényzet
Hordalékkúp: alluvial fan (by rivers)
Kopár bare
Csuszamlás, suvadás (landslide / slump)
termékeny fertile
terméketlen sterile infertile barren
Középhegység Bakony, Mátra Mittelgebirge
Arable land
Upland
Mezőgazdasági / megművelt cultivated
Mittelgebirge: Something between hill
land /field
country and a proper mountain range
arable land
(German: Gebirge or Hochgebirge).
Farmland = Agricultural land
plowland szántóföld
Magashegység, havasok: Alpok Hochgebirge „High
Fallow Field ugar (left fallow)
mountains”
mű veletlen, bare ~: szá ntó , amin nincs
Rugged mountain (glacier carved)
nö vény
The alpine zone extends thus the forest-
stubble field tarló (after harvest)
line (treeline) up to the permanent
unexploited land / ugar, parlag
snowline The nival zone is the area above
Stock yard / enclosed yard where cattle, pigs,
most vegetation / or permanent snow zone
horses, or sheep are kept temporaril (istállótelep)
Treeline / Snowline
Karsztos vidék: Mészkövön, Aggtelek, Bükk Semi-natural grassland
Karst landforms pasture / legelő (short grass)
Dolines/Sinkholes, Caves, meadow / rét (tall grass with wildflowers
Karszttornyok, kúpkarszt Cockpit karst and weeds)
Cone karst Tower karst Guangxi field / mező
Karren - minor forms of karst: limestone
pavement (ördögszántás) and Lapies (karr) wetland (soil saturated w/ moisture) marsh,
swamp, bog, fen, Mire, riverside) vs. desert, semi-
desert

Hydrology Woods
Watercourse types Erdős / zárt/nyílt lombkoronájú open / closed
Brook csermely, ér, séd, víz canopy / woodland
Patak stream, brook, rivulet, runnel, streamlet
or water Deciduous forest
 Tree groups
bush groups bokor (méret)
sö vény hedge
bozó t scrub low shrub and grass characteristic
of scrubland (dry/arid, tüskebozót, thorny ~)
Shrub shrubby type plants cserje
savannah
Coniferous forests
Mixed forests
Plantation / fruit
Stone blocks
Rock outcrops

Built-up area
Farmyard