Process and landforms

along plate boundaries

Geomorphology – is the scientific study
of landforms and the processes that
shape the.
Topography- is the study of the current
terrain features of a region and the graphic
representation of a particular landform on a
map.
Landforms- are define as a natural
physical features on the surface of the
earth.
Aeolian landforms- are formed by the
chemical and mechanical action of wind.

Dunes Loess Mushroom rocks

 Dunes

Are mounds or small hills made up of sand.

Barchans Sand dune in Sossusvlei, Namibia

 Loess
Is a predominantly silt-sized sediment formed by
the accumulation of windblown dust. It appears
yellowish or brownish and it exhibits “cat step”.

It is commonly found in Europe, Mississippi

Valley and Asia.
Loess Hill
 Mushroom rocks
Also called a rock pedestal, is a naturally
occurring rock that assembles the shape of a
mushroom. They are formed by Earthquakes or
glacial action.

Mushroom Rock in Kansas,USA

Erosional landforms- are created from
exclusively erosional and weathering
activities.

Mesas Buttes Canyons

 Mesas
Also called table mountains, they are elevated
areas of land with a flat top and sides are usually
steep cliffs. They are usually surrounded by a
resistant rock known as a cap rock.
Grand Mesa in Western Colorado
 Buttes

Almost similar to mesas the difference is they

cover a smaller amount of area compared to mesa.
From the French word which means “hillock” or
small hill.
They are formed by erosion when a hard cap rock
overlies a layer of less resistant rock.
Elephant Butte in New Mexico
 Canyons

Sometimes called “gorge”, is a deep ravine

between cliffs that carved from the landscape by a
river, wind or glacier.
They are formed by water and wind erosion over a
long period of geologic times.
Grand Canyon in Northern Arizona
Mountain landforms- are those that rise
higher than the rest of their
surroundings. They exhibit slope, summit
areas, and local reliefs.

Volcanoes Valleys

Hills Glacial Landforms

 Volcanoes

Are landform that are controlled by geological

processes that form them and continually act on
them after their formation. A Volcanic mountain
can be identified from its opening at the top
called a vent.
Mt. Mayon, Bicol Albay
 Hills

Are elevated portions of land that are formed by

geologic activities such as faulting. They are
usually covered with grass and are used as
grazing lands for goats, cattle and carabao.

They are smaller than mountains.

Chocolate Hills, Bohol
 Valleys

Or dales are low-lying areas of land situated

between hills or mountains.
V-shaped- when carved out by flowing water.

U-shaped- when carved out by glaciers.

Cagayan Valley
 Glacial Landforms

Are the results of the actions of the glaciers.

Glaciers are huge slow-moving bodies of ice.
Alpines Glaciers. Formed in High Mountains
Continental Glaciers. Formed in
cold polar region
 Fluvial and coastal landforms

Fluvial landforms are those that

underwent sedimentation, erosion or
deposition on the river bed. If the bodies
of water associated with these landforms
interacted with glaciers or ice caps, they
are called glaciofluvial or fluvioglacial.

Delta Peninsula Meander Sea Cliffs

 Delta

Is a typically low-lying triangular area located at

the mouth of rivers where it meets an ocean, a
sea, or an estuary. It contains rich soil that has
been washed away and deposited by running
water.
Alluvium refers to the sediment that has
accumulated due to interaction with a delta and
bodies of water.
Mississippi Delta
 Peninsula

Are called byland or biland , is a piece of land

that projects into a body of water and is
connected with the mainland by an isthmus. It
came from a Latin word Paeninsula(paena which
means “almost” and insula which means “island”
as this landmass is bordered by water on three
sides.
Malapascua Island Cebu
 Meander

Is a bend in a sinuous watercourse of a river.

It is formed when moving water in a stream
erodes the outbanks then widens its valley.

Every meander has a concave bank(inner bank)

and convex bank(outer bank). Deposition of
sediment occur at the inner bank, whereas
erosions take place at the outer edge.
Meanders in Rio Negro Argentina
 Sea Cliffs
Are high rocky coasts that plunge down to the
edge of the sea.

Cliffs of Moher
Plains- are flat and broad land areas that
have no great changes in elevation when
measured with reference to the sea level.

La Trinidad Benguet
Abyssal Plains- are found at the deepest
part of the ocean. They are located at
depth of 3-6 km between the foot of a
continental rise and a mid-ocean ridge.
Plateaus- table lands or flat topped
mountains, are portions of land elevated
thousands of feet above their
surroundings. They are the results of
geologic uplifts or the slow movement of
large parts of the areas in Earth’s
crust.
Tibetan Plateau, Worlds Largest and highest plateau known as
“Roof of the World”
end