A Review on: COD & Color Removal from Textile Wastewater

Using Anaerobic-
Anaerobic-Aerobic Sequential Treatment System.

PREPARED BY: AJAY SINGH (2015 CEV 2176)

ANANT SHARMA (2015 CEV 2397)
DANISH KHAN (2015 CEV 2182)
PRADEEP DUBEY (2015 CEV 2188)
INTRODUCTION
Azo dyes are concerned in waste water treatment as
Reduction of azo dyes produces aromatic
It is visible even if a very small amount
amines which are toxic for the organisms

Anaerobic systems have following advantages as compared to aerobic

No requirement for aeration Less sludge formation

High decolorization were obtained from anaerobic reactors

UASB FBR
METHODOLOGY

Reviewed and analyzed research papers on the problem.

COD and color removal of textile waste water was studied

in both aerobic and anaerobic environment

COD removal through aerobic treatment process

1. Activated sludge process
2. CSTR

Color removal through anaerobic treatment process.

1. UASBR
METHODOLOGY
Color removal through aerobic treatment process.
1. Aerobic granular sludge (AGS)
2. Sequencing batch reactor (SBR) system.

Combined COD and Color removal through:

1. Sequential anaerobic packed column reactor and an ASP.
2. UASBR and a SCAS (semi-continuous activated sludge)
reactor.

Checking efficacy of system which consists of separate units for

the removal of COD and color with respect to combined
system for the removal of cod and color.

Finally suggesting which process is suitable for the cod removal

and for the color removal and with efficiency and suitable
operating conditions.
 RESULT & DISCUSSION
S. Author Objectives & Parameters
No.
1. Talarposhti et al • To understand the effect of
2001 1. different loading rates,
2. dye concentrations and
3. hydraulic retention times (HRTs)
on colour removal efficiency, under
mesophilic anaerobic conditions.
2. Sponza et al 2003 • Laboratory UASB & CSTR operated at •
different organic loadings and
hydraulic retention times (HRT)
• The effects of shock organic loading
on the
1. chemical oxygen demand (COD),
2. color removal and
3. methane gas production efficiencies
were investigated in UASB reactor.
Inference & Results
• 2-stage mesophilic anaerobic up-flow packed
bed reactor
1. Colour removal efficiency= 90%
2. Dye= 1000 mg/l mixed cationic dye.
• Colour removal is inversely proportional to
dye concentration, but directly proportional
to hydraulic retention time.
COD removal efficiencies reduced from 56 to
27% when COD loadings were increased from
5 to 25 kg COD m−3 per day in the anaerobic
UASB reactor.
• The color removals were 92 and 87%,
respectively.
• The methane percentages were found to be
76 and 60% at organic loading rates of 2.49
and 14.8 kg COD m−3 per day, respectively.
• COD removal efficiencies of 28, 42, and 90%
were obtained at SRTs of 1.7, 5.7 and 11 days
in the aerobic CSTR reactor respectively.
 RESULT & DISCUSSION
S. No. Author Objectives & Parameters Inference & Results

3. Kapdan et al • UASB reactor was evaluated for its • At θHanaerobic = 48 h

2005 efficacy in decolourization and reduction
in chemical oxygen demand (COD) of
real textile wastewater (RTW) under
different operational conditions
4. Mustafa et al • Sequential anaerobic/aerobic reactor
2008 system containing
1. azo dyes (50 mg/L of Reactive Black 5)
2. soluble starch
3. carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)
4. acetic acid
5. glucose, all as carbon sources.
6. HRTs were changed to determine the
effect of HRT on removal efficiencies of
color & COD.
1. Decolorization Efficiency= 85%
2. COD removal efficiency= 90%
• HRT inversely proportional to decolorization
efficiency.
• Operating the system without any nutrients at θ=
24 h regenerated results over 60% in
decolorization
• COD and color removal efficiencies varying
between 97% and 91% and between 84% and
91% were obtained at a total HRT of 19.17 and
1.22 days in combined anaerobic/aerobic system,
respectively.
• CMC, acetic acid etc acts as electron donors for
transferring electrons for azo dye reduction.
 RESULT & DISCUSSION

S. No. Author Objectives & Parameters Inference & Results

5. Somasiri et al • Sequential anaerobic packed column • COD removal= 90%

2008 reactor and an activated sludge unit • Color Removal= 92%
was operated continuously for • Dominant bacteria species: Cocci-shaped
treatment of a textile industry bacteria.
wastewater.
• Effects of hydraulic retention times in
anaerobic unit at
1. θHanaerobic = 12–72 h
2. initial COD concentration = 3000
±200 mg/L and 800 ±100 mg/L
respectively
6. LaPara et al 2001 • To study the effect of temperature on • COD removal efficiency declined from 62% to 38%
the efficiency of COD removal and as temperature increased from 30°C to 60°C
bacterial community development in respectively.
aerobic biological conditions. • At temperature higher than 60°C, biological
• Batch laboratory cultures, operated at treatment failed to occur.
5°C intervals from 30°C to 70°C. • Best temperature was found to be 30°C.
CONCLUSION

Increasing HRT beyond 48 h doesn’t affect the color removal efficiency.

More than 90% of the efficiency was obtained upto 48 h hydraulic
retention time.

When the anaerobic reactor when operated separately for HRT of

24 h produced color removal efficiency of 90% with minimum HRT
of 18 h efficiency achieved was 85%.

Aerobic unit primarily helps in color removal if the preceding anaerobic

unit has high dye concentration. Apart from this, it acts as a polishing
stage as mentioned under various sequential batch studies.
CONCLUSION
The efficiency of soluble COD removal in a given batch reactor was observed
to decline when the temperature increased by an average of 60 mg l−1 per
°C.

The decolorization efficiency of the sequential batch reactor varied

from 65% to 95% most of the time, depending upon the operating
conditions.

Ultimately, it can be concluded that UASB system with the highest color
removal and COD removal can be employed for treating textile waters.

Then for aerobic process, ASP unit could be brought for working.
COD removal = 90% of anaerobic unit, with HRT of 10 h and SRT of 10 days.
 REFERENCES

Talarposhti, A. M., Donnelly, T., & Anderson, G. K. (2001). Colour removal from a simulated dye wastewater using a two-
phase anaerobic packed bed reactor. Water Research, 35(2), 425-432.

Sponza, D. T., & Işik, M. (2002). Decolorization and azo dye degradation by anaerobic/aerobic sequential process. Enzyme
and Microbial Technology, 31(1), 102-110.

Kapdan, I. K., & Alparslan, S. (2005). Application of anaerobic–aerobic sequential treatment system to real textile wastewater
for color and COD removal. Enzyme and Microbial Technology, 36(2), 273-279.

Işık, M., & Sponza, D. T. (2008). Anaerobic/aerobic treatment of a simulated textile wastewater. Separation and Purification
Technology, 60(1), 64-72

Somasiri, Wijetunga, et al. "Evaluation of the efficacy of upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor in removal of colour and
reduction of COD in real textile wastewater." Bioresource Technology 99.9 (2008): 3692-3699.

LaPara, T. M., Nakatsu, C. H., Pantea, L. M., & Alleman, J. E. (2001). Aerobic Biological Treatment of a Pharmaceutical
Wastewater:: Effect of Temperature on COD Removal and Bacterial Community Development. Water Research, 35(18),
4417-4425.