Worker

A worker is a person who earns a living by engaging in some form of productive

activity.
Types of Workers:
a. Self-Employed: Workers who own and operate a business for a living are
referred to as self-employed. Consider a farmer who is working on his own
farm. More than half of the workforce falls into this category.
b. Hired Workers: Hired workers are persons who are hired by others and are
given wages and salaries in exchange for their services. The two types of hired
workers are:
. Casual Workers: Casual workers are those who are not engaged on a
regular/permanent basis by their companies, and are given wages on an
hourly/ day basis, and do not receive social security benefits.
· Regular Workers (Salaried): Regular salaried employees or regular
workers are those who are employed by someone or an organisation on
a regular basis and are paid their salaries on a regular basis.
Economic Activity
It refers to the activity performed by people to earn a living. Consumption,
production, and distribution are the three primary forms of economic activities.
Economic Activity
It refers to the activity performed by people to earn a living. Consumption,
production, and distribution are the three primary forms of economic activities.
a. Production Activity
It refers to all those activities which are undertaken to produce goods and services for
generation of income. b. Consumption Activity: The usage of products and services by a
household is characterised as consumption.It is used to calculate the Gross Domestic
Product (GDP). Consumption is commonly used by macroeconomists as a proxy for the total
economy. c. Distribution Activity: Work directly associated with the construction, operation,
and routine maintenance (other than major overhauls) of substation plant, overhead mains,
underground cabling and jointing, pole inspection and street lighting, customer emergency
services, and tree trimming and removal within minimum approach distances to energised
conductors currently performed by Distribution Activities. Labour Force All persons, who are
working (have a job) and those who are not working but are able and willing to work at the
existing wage rate constitute the labour force. Labour Force = Persons working + persons
seeking and/or available for work. Labour Supply It refers to the amount of workers who are
willing to work, corresponding to a particular wage rate. Work Force ● The number of
persons who are actually employed at a particular time are known as the workforce. ● It
encompasses all individuals who are actively engaged in productive endeavours. This
includes people between the age group of 15-60 years. Work Force Participation Ratio
(WPR
● It is calculated as the ratio of a country's workforce to its entire population. . 0 WPR 10
Total number of workers No of work population in India ● It aids in determining the
percentage of a country's population that actively participates in the creation of products and
services. ● The rate of participation in metropolitan areas is around 35%. ● The rate of
involvement in rural areas is around 41%. ● In metropolitan regions, men participate at a
rate of 54.3 percent and women at 13.8 percent. ● In rural areas, men participate at a rate of
54.7 percent and women at a rate of 26.1 percent. ● The country's overall participation
percentage is around 39.2 percent. Employment In Firms, Factories And Offices the
migration of labour from agriculture and other related sectors to industry and services during
the course of a country's economic development Workers migrate from rural to urban areas
as part of this process. In general, we categorise all producing activities into the following
industrial divisions: Agriculture, forestry, and logging, as well as ashing , mining, and
quarrying, are all part of the primary sector. Manufacturing, building, electricity, gas, and
water delivery are all examples of the secondary sector. Trade, transportation, storage, and
services are all part of the tertiary sector
Jobless Growth
It is characterised as a condition in which the economy's growth outpaces job prospects,
resulting in unemployment. a. Casualisation of Employment Casualisation is a term used to
describe a situation in which the percentage of workers hired on a temporary basis increases
over time. People start working as casual labourers due to a lack of chances in the
organised sector. Furthermore, the freedom in terms of working conditions, as well as the
lack of particular enforcement of labour laws, encourages businesses to hire more casual
workers. b. Informalisation of Employment Refers to a situation when people tend to find
employment more in the informal sector of the economy, and less in the formal sector of the
economy. Workers transitioning from permanent employment to casual and fixed-term
contracts, outsourcing, and employment through labour brokers are all examples of
informalisation. Many individuals who have previously worked in a formal job will most likely
re-enter the workforce as an atypical employee. Unemployment It occurs when a person is
ready and willing to work at the current wage rate but is unable to find work. Unemployment
Rate It is calculated as the percentage of the labour force who are unemployed, not as a
percentage of total population. It is calculated as: 100 Number of person unemployed size of
labour