Acsm Last Report

Project Report
On
AUTOMATIC COCUNUT SORTING MACHINE

(ACSM)
Submitted by
ANANYA P (IEAUEEE003)
ASIF ASSAIN C (IEAUEEE006)
GOKUL TP (IEAUEEE008)
MUBARISH K (IEAUEEE015)
In partial fulfilment for the award of degree of
BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
in
ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
UNIVERSITY OF CALICUT
MALAPPURAM-673636 KERALA
JANUARY 2024
i
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the project report entitled ‘AUTOMATIC COCUNUT

SORTING MACHINE (ACSM)’ submitted by Mrs ANANYA P (IEAUEEE003), ASIF
ASSAIN C (IEAUEEE006), GOKUL T P (IEAUEEE008), MUBARISH K (IEAUEEE015).
Under our supervision, in fulfilment of the requirements of the award of Degree of Bachelor
of Technology in Electrical and Electronics Engineering from Calicut University for the year
2023.
PROJECT GUIDE PROJECT COORDINATOR
Mrs. PRISY P Mrs. JAYA CK
Assistant Professor Assistant Professor
Department of EEE Department of EEE
Mrs. ARCHA S.P
Head of Department
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering
ii
ABSTRACT
India is the third largest coconut producing country in the world with annual 21,500
million tonnes of production. Several works have been carried out in the area of developing
automated systems for sorting fruits and vegetables using the optical sources and pneumatic
devices. Machineries are available for spherical fruits like apple, orange, kiwi, tomato etc.
including completely shaved coconuts are available, segregating husked coconut is being a
challenge in Indian market. An automation system for coconut sorting machine (ACSM) has
not been reported in open literature. An effort is made to design ACSM with three sub-
assemblies namely loading unit, Conveying unit and segregating unit and sensing units
The objective of this research is to develop a coconut grading machine for coconut
cultivators and entrepreneurs. The basis of design is characterized by a tapered belt conveyor
and sizing board with openings of increasing aperture .With Camera module using machine
learning (using open cv), ultrasonic sensor, colour sensor (TCS 3200), and load cell .coconuts
are fed onto the tapered belt conveyor where the gravitational force pushes the nut towards the
edge until it comes in contact with sizing board. Due to the tangential force, where coconuts
are graded and allowed to fall through aperture according to their sizes and as the conveyor
moves the coconut to the sensing unit with Camera module (using open cv), ultrasonic sensor,
colour sensor (TCS 3200), and load cell and the coconut are sorted as per requirement.
Keywords—TCS3200 RGB Colour Sensor, Sorting Machine, conveyor, ACS, Husked

Coconuts, Indian market, Visual skill, Grading, Hopper, open cv, ultrasonic sensor, load cell.
iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Dedicating this work to the almighty God whose abundant grace and mercies enabled
its successful completion, we would like to express our profound gratitude to all the people
who have inspired and motivated us to make this mini project a success
We are extremely grateful to the principal, Dr. Ranjith C, The Principal,institute of

engineering technology, Mrs. Archa S.P, HOD, for their valuable suggestions and
encouragement that was a constant source of inspiration and motivation for during this work.
We are very much thankful to the project co-ordinator Dr. Jaya CK, Assistant
Professor(Higher Grade) EEE Department, Institute of Engineering and Technology,
University of Calicut, for her helpful hands during this project.
We deem the privilege of thanking our Guide Mrs. Prisy, P , Assistant Professor,
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Institute of Engineering and
Technology, University of Calicut, for his constant help, creative ideas, valuable advice and
guidance rendered us through the course of this mini project.
Our profound gratitude to all staffs, for their valuable guidance, kind cooperation and
help provided for the successful completion of the work.
iv
CONTENTS
ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................................. iii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ...................................................................................................... iv
LIST OF ABBREVATIONS ...................................................................................................vii
LIST OF FIGURES ............................................................................................................... viii
CHAPTER 1 : INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................... 1
CHAPTER 2 : LITERATURE SURVEY .............................................................................. 3
2.1 INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................... 3
2.2 LITERATURE REVIEW ............................................................................ 3
2.3 SUMMARY ................................................................................................. 5
CHAPTER 3 : METHODOLOGY ......................................................................................... 6
3.1.INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................... 6
3.2 METHODOLOGY ...................................................................................... 6
3.3 SUMMARY ................................................................................................. 8
CHAPTER 4 : SYSTEM DESIGN ......................................................................................... 9
4.1 INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................... 9
4.2 BLOCK DIAGRAM.................................................................................... 9
4.3 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM ............................................................................... 10
4.4 SUMMARY ............................................................................................... 11
CHAPTER 5 : RESULT AND DISCUSSION ..................................................................... 12
5. 1INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................... 12
5.2 SIMULATION DIAGRAM ...................................................................... 12
5.3 FLOWCHART .......................................................................................... 14
5.4 RESULT .................................................................................................... 17
5.5 SUMMARY ............................................................................................... 17
5.6 CONCLUSION.......................................................................................... 17
REFERENCES ....................................................................................................................... 18
APPENDIX ............................................................................................................................. 19
6.1 SERVO MOTOR WITH ULTRA SONIC SENSOR ............................... 19
6.2 SERVO MOTOR WITH LOAD CELL ................................................... 21
6.3 SERVO MOTOR WITH COLOUR SENSOR ......................................... 27
v
vi
LIST OF ABBREVATIONS
RPM Rotation per minute
vii
LIST OF FIGURES
S1.No. Page
4.1 Block Diagram 4
4.2 Circuit Diagram 5
viii
Automatic Coconut Sorting Machine (ACSM)
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
The Automatic Coconut Sorting Machine stands at the forefront of technological advancement
in the coconut processing industry. Merging advanced sensor technology and precise
mechanics, this state-of-the-art solution transforms the sorting process by achieving
unparalleled efficiency and accuracy. Covering diverse aspects such as size, shape, quality, and
freshness, our automated system guarantees a consistent and uniform selection of coconuts,
providing a significant boost to productivity for businesses while maintaining uncompromising
standards.Through the seamless integration of cutting-edge sensors and precision mechanics,
our machine revolutionizes the traditional approach to coconut sorting. It not only ensures a
rapid and flawless selection process but also minimizes errors associated with manual sorting
methods. By optimizing the entire workflow, businesses can expect enhanced operational
efficiency and a marked improvement in the overall quality of processed coconuts.The
emphasis on uniformity in coconut selection is a key feature, as it not only streamlines
production but also contributes to the production of high-quality coconut products. The
precision in sorting, from size to freshness, is a testament to the meticulous design and
functionality of our automated system.In essence, the Automatic Coconut Sorting Machine
represents a groundbreaking leap forward in the coconut processing landscape, promising a
future where technology redefines efficiency, accuracy, and quality standards. It is more than
a machine; it is a catalyst for transformation within the industry, setting a new benchmark for
excellence in coconut processing.
The process commences as coconuts are deposited into the hopper, where they individually
descend onto a roller conveyor. This conveyor facilitates the alignment of the coconut and its
eye in a single direction, guiding them to the sensing unit. The sensing unit is equipped with a
comprehensive set of tools, including a camera module for eye detection, an ultrasonic sensor
for identifying cracks, a color sensor, and a load sensor for precise weight measurement.At this
point, the Automatic Coconut Sorting Machine undertakes a meticulous analysis of each
coconut in real-time. The integrated camera, ultrasonic, color, and load sensors work
collaboratively to scrutinize various aspects such as eye presence, potential cracks, color
characteristics, and weight. Defective coconuts are swiftly identified through this thorough
assessment.
Dept. of EEE 1 IETCU

To maintain the efficiency of the sorting process, the machine incorporates a servo motor
mechanism. Upon detection of a defective coconut, the servo motor promptly engages, pushing
the flawed coconut out of the conveyor system. This automated rejection system ensures a swift
and accurate removal of defective coconuts from the production line.This groundbreaking
technology addresses the manual sorting challenges endemic in the coconut industry,
signifying a transformative shift from traditional labor-intensive methods to a fully automated
approach. The commitment to automation aims to enhance productivity by reducing manpower
while simultaneously upholding superior quality through the precise identification and
segregation of defective coconuts. The implementation of the Automatic Coconut Sorting
Machine represents a strategic fusion of efficiency, cost-effectiveness, quality assurance, and
a substantial reduction in manual intervention throughout the coconut processing production
process. It heralds a new era in the industry, urging stakeholders to embrace the future of
coconut processing with our state-of-the-art solution—a true game-changer.
In essence, the Automatic Coconut Sorting Machine represents a groundbreaking leap forward
in the coconut processing landscape, promising a future where technology redefines efficiency,
accuracy, and quality standards. It is more than a machine; it is a catalyst for transformation
within the industry, setting a new benchmark for excellence in coconut processing.

CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE SURVEY
2.1 INTRODUCTION
This paper proposes an automatic coconut segregation system. Which sorts coconut
based on various constrains, this project describe the development of prototype of
AUTOMATIC COCONUT SORTINMG MACHINE. The various journals and papers in
regards to the project is briefly explained below:
2.2 LITERATURE REVIEW
J.CHINNA BABU, M. SANDEEP KUMAR, PRABHU JAYAGOPAL, VE

SATHISHKUMAR, ALAGAR KARTHICK, AKTER MEEN MAHSEENA [1] Crack
detection is frequently required during the inspection of a coconut . In addition, inspection of
the structural integrity based on crack analysis becomes substantial for the service life perdition
of the coconut The process of determining the cracks using manual processes for large-scale
structures is tedious and time-consuming For identifying and 3olour3ni coconut surface cracks
developed an automated technique-based image-processing system. Crack detection is
performed based on the crack analysis which is performed on a picture of a coconut surface,
and the crack width, length, and area are calculated the authors show that the suggested method
may provide considerable benefits in long life of coconut. Analysis based on numerical test
According to a survey of the literature, applying intelligent image-processing models for
automatic crack identification and analysis is becoming more popular.
AYE MYAT MYAT MYO, ZAR CHI SOE [2]Arduino, an open-source electronics
platform, has become the go-to option for anyone working on interactive hardware and
software projects. This paper presents a methodical literature review intended to intensively
3olour3 and compare existing primary studies on prototyping with Arduino. Most often, they
control one dedicated task in the device and not all of the device’s functions. Microcontrollers
have both a software and a hardware component. The color sorting machine using Arduino is
a fascinating and renowned project for techniques, which would like to combine electronics,
machine building and programming. The color sorting machine is fully automated with the
help of Arduino Mega.

A.RASHEEDA, K.SRIMATHI, T.SHIVALAVANYA, R.R.MONESHA,

S.NITHIN [3]In this paper we are 4olour4nin how we can measure weight with help of load
cells. The objective of this paper is to be able to measure weight real-time and have charts,
dashboards to be able to monitor weight of any object. An automatic dosage prescriptor is
proposed, the dosage level is determined by using patient weight .Here we are taking the
4olour4 weight is taken as an input from a weight sensor (or) load cell. The load cell is a strain
gauge pressure sensor which senses the difference in pressure. They change resistance when
we apply tension to it. The amount of tension or stress applied is directly proportional to the
amount of change in the resistance. Here we are using strain gauge load cells to measure weight
DHROOV BATRA HARDIK, RIVARY HEMA N [4]Color is the most important

features for accurate classification and sorting of coconuts. Because of the ever-growing need
to supply high quality food products within a short time.This paper developed a method of
determining the ripeness of tomato fruit juice based on image processing technology and neural
network classification here we 4olour4ning the 4olour of the coconut based on this technology
In this work, a new approach for high speed sorting of coconut into desired colours is
introduced. In this work color sorting of coconut is done by detecting colour and the edges of
given image which are of similar colours.This paper discusses about the automatic sorting tool
which helps the sorting mechanism to kind based at the coloration. For sensing TCS3200
coloration sensor has been used. With the aid of reading the frequency of the output of the
sensor, color primarily based absolutely sorting is completed
TRILOK.G.MYLAR, PRASHANTH L, RAMESH C G [5]In this paper review of

available literature related with the roller conveyor system, material handling equipment,
design and analysis, modified none modified has been carried out.This paper explains about
the rollers and pulleys for use with industrial equipment and, more particularly, to rollers and
pulleys having low-mass for use in machines using flat belts, machines for sorting and
transporting mail articles, conveyor systems.The system must meet industry demands .
Conveyor systems come in various shapes and sizes, and a belt conveyor system is one of
them.The objectives of this system are: to design a system that can sort the objects according
to their color and weight, to fabricate the system for simultaneous sorting, to collect the objects
according to their color and weight into the collecting box, and to find the object sorting
precision and accuracy based on color and weight. Some scopes while designing this system is
in the food processing industry too, sorting and packaging the products, scaling and

classification of agricultural goods, assembling the same color products in one packing box,
and where risky and repeated works are performed.
AYUSHI SHARMA, JYOSNA PATHAK, MUSKAN PRAKASH, JN SINGH [6]
OPENCV( Open Source Computer Vision Library) is an open source computer vision and
machine literacy software library. OpenCV was erected to give a common structure for
computer vision operations and to accelerate the use of machine perception in the marketable
product.The paper has covered topics ranging from how artificial intelligence and machine
learning algorithms help in object detection to how OpenCV is such a useful tool for beginners
who wish to learn how real time object identification and tracking can be done. Here we used
to detect crack of the coconut and also chech weather the eye of the coconut exposed or not to
meet our desirable parameters. Image identification makes use of techniques like detection of
an object, its recognition, and segmentation of the coconut. The use of artificial intelligence
and machine learning enhances the rate of processing the data and maintaining the standard of
the coconut.
2.3 SUMMARY
These papers described here the designing and working of various sensors for automatic
coconut sorting machine.

CHAPTER 3
METHODOLOGY
3.1.INTRODUCTION
Designing the automatic coconut sorting machine involves several steps . All these steps
are described below.
3.2 METHODOLOGY
Initially, the coconuts are dumped in the Hooper. Coconuts are taken individually from
the hooper and passed through roller conveyor. Coconuts are passed in such a way that it
become oriented in a particular direction only (eye of coconuts are arranged either to left or
right) for easy detection and to improve sorting efficiency. On the next phase, the coconut
enters the sensing unit. As the coconut passes through sensing unit, the camera module creates
a loop of images through which it detects if the eye is covered or not by machine learning
technology. Simultaneously, the crack is also detected in a similar manner. An ultrasonic
sensing unit is also employed in order to improve the accuracy of crack detection. The defective
coconuts are pushed out of the conveyor by servo motor mechanism .On the next stage, the
maturity of the coconut has to be analysed for that a colour sensor is used as it matches our
required constrain(biscuit colour). Coconut which fails the test are removed by servo motor
mechanism. On the final phase, the coconut is sorted on the basis of their weight using load
cell and balancing mechanism.
The system has six major hardware and software interfaces: an Arduino UNO, Load
cell, servomotor, ultrasonic, colour sensor and open CV. The specifications regarding various
components used in this system are descriptively explicated below
1) Arduino UNO
Arduino UNO is an easy to use, robust microcontroller based on the ATmega328P processors.
It consists of 14 digital input/output ports of which 6 can be used for Pulse Width Modulation
(PWM) techniques. It has a transmitter and receiver port pair which could be used for serial
communication with other boards. There are three ground ports and a 5V output supply port. It
also contains a 16 MHz quartz crystal, a power jack which inputs at 5V, an ICSP header, a
flash memory of 32KB of storage and a reset button. It also has an USB port which can be
used to power it and also etch the code done on an open-source software platform, the Arduino

IDE. The IDE can run on different platforms such as Windows, Macintosh OSX, and Linux.
It also contains ample libraries to support various, highly complex operations.
2) HX711 Load cell
A load cell HX711 is a specialized type of load cell designed for measuring weight or force,
finding common applications in weighing scales, industrial settings, and force measurement
systems. These sensors operate on the principle of strain gauges. When a force is applied to the
load cell, it undergoes slight deformation, altering the electrical resistance of the strain gauges
embedded within. This change in resistance produces an electrical signal proportional to the
applied force. The electrical signal generated by load cell weight sensors is typically low and
requires amplification and conditioning. Signal output may manifest as voltage, current, or
frequency, dependent on the sensor type and application.
The HX711 is a precision 24-bit analog-to-digital converter (ADC) designed specifically for
weigh scales and industrial control applications to interface directly with a bridge sensor,
particularly strain gauge load cells
3) TCS3200 Colour sensor
The TCS3200 is a versatile color sensor module designed for detecting and measuring the
intensity of red, green, blue, and clear (no filter) light. It finds extensive application in
electronics projects, robotics, and automation tasks, including color sorting, recognition, and
ambient light sensing. Equipped with an array of photodiodes, the TCS3200 accurately detects
a broad spectrum of colors by illuminating surfaces with white light and measuring the
reflected light's intensity using its photodiodes. With separate sets for red, green, blue, and
clear light, the sensor effectively distinguishes between different colors, ensuring
precise measurements.
4) Ultrasonic sensor
An ultrasonic sensor is a device that utilizes ultrasonic sound waves to detect the distance to
an object or obstacle without physical contact. Operating on the principle of echolocation akin
to how bats navigate, it emits high-frequency sound pulses and awaits the echo's return. By
measuring the time taken for the sound waves to rebound, the sensor discerns the distance to
the object. At the core of the ultrasonic sensor lies the transducer, responsible for converting
electrical energy into ultrasonic sound waves and vice versa, emitting sound pulses and
receiving echoes.These sensors are adept at measuring distances spanning from a few

centimeters to several meters, tailored to various models and designs. Predominantly employed
in robotics, automation, and industrial domains, they serve purposes like object detection,
obstacle avoidance, and distance sensing
5) Servo motor
A servo motor is a type of electromechanical device capable of precise control of angular or

linear position, velocity, and acceleration. It operates based on a closed-loop feedback
mechanism, which ensures accurate positioning by comparing the desired position with the
actual position. Servo motors consist of a motor, gearbox, control circuitry, and feedback
system. The heart of the servo motor is a DC motor or a brushless motor, which provides the
mechanical power required for movement. The motor is coupled with a gearbox to reduce
speed and increase torque, enabling the servo motor to exert greater force and achieve finer
control over movement
6) Open Cv
OpenCV, short for Open Source Computer Vision Library, is an open-source computer vision
and machine learning software library. It provides a comprehensive set of tools and algorithms
for various tasks related to image and video processing, object detection, tracking, and machine
learning. OpenCV offers a wide range of functions and algorithms for image processing tasks
such as filtering, thresholding, edge detection, and image enhancement. These tools enable
users to manipulate and analyze digital images with ease.
3.3 SUMMARY
In the thesis the various steps used are discussed above and ACSM performance depends upon
the functions of the above steps.

CHAPTER 4
SYSTEM DESIGN
4.1 INTRODUCTION
The diagrammatic representation of the system in full working condition can be described
by a block diagram and circuit diagram . The block diagram and circuit diagram of ACSM
is shown below. In this control scheme, ACSM included microcontroller and sensors.
4.2 BLOCK DIAGRAM
This is the block diagram representation of automatic coconut sorting machine. The
block diagram consists of Arduino mega board, microcontroller, camera module, servomotor,
load cell, colour sensor and ultrasonic sensor
Fig 3.1 Block Diagram
The objective is to sort the coconut and identify the defective coconuts. The coconut is
dumbed in the Hooper, and the coconut drop individually on the roller conveyor coconut and
eye of the coconut are oriented in a single direction and moved along the conveyor system to
the sensing unit containing camera module for detecting the eyes, ultrasonic sensor for
detecting the crack, colour sensor, load sensor for weight measurement after each detection
defective coconuts are pushed out of the conveyor system using servo motor mechanism

CONVEYOR
Conveyor system is a transportation mechanism used to move the coconut across Various units
(sensing units, sorting units, etc…)
4.3 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
This is the circuit diagram representation of automatic coconut sorting machine is

shown below.
The circuit diagram for implementing automatic coconut sorting machine involves the
following components: Arduino UNO, Husky lens, HX711 load cell amplifier, load cell,
ultrasonic sensors, colour sensor (TCS3200) and servo motors. Arduino is the main control
unit responsible for executing the control algorithm and generating the control signals. Arduino
interfaces with our components and peripherals.
Husky lens is connected to the Arduino board by the terminal of husky lens (SDA, SCL,
VCC, GND) are connected to the (D0, D1, VCC, GND) of the Arduino respectively. The husky

lens captures the image of the coconut and scan any fault (visibility of eyes and crack) and the
signal is send to the microcontroller.
Ultrasonic sensor is connected to Arduino board by (VCC, TRIG, ECHO, GND) pins to
the (VCC, D13, D12, GND) pins of Arduino respectively. Ultrasonic sensor detects the crack
by evaluating the frequency change receiving signal that reflected by the surface.
Colour sensor (TCS3200) is connected to the Arduino board by (S0, S1, S2, S3, OUT, VCC,
GND) pins to the (D11, D10, D6, D7, D5, VCC, GND) Arduino respectively.Colour sensor
transmits the white light and determines the ratio of RGB in the reflected receiving light.By
evaluating the proportions of RGB in receiving signal, the colour of the surface is determined.
Load cell (HX711) is connected to amplifier circuit through (E+ , E- , A-, A+) pins.
Amplifier circuit amplifies the signal from load cell and fed to terminals of Arduino board by
(VCC, DAT, SCK, GND) to the pins of Arduino board (VCC, D3, D2, GND)
respectively.Load cell determines the weight of coconut by piezo electric effect .when a
mechanical stress applied to the load cell, a corresponding electric signal is formed in the
internal circuit and weight is measured in accordance with the variation.
4.4 SUMMARY
The corresponding system design for design of ACSM is explained in this chapter. The
proposed work can be implemented by referring this design.

CHAPTER 5
RESULT AND DISCUSSION
5. 1INTRODUCTION
The simulation and flowchart representation of automatic coconut sorting machine is given
below.
5.2 SIMULATION DIAGRAM
An electronic system employing an Arduino UNO, an ultrasonic distance sensor, and a servo
motor facilitates the control of the servo motor's position based on the distance of an object
detected by the sensor. The ultrasonic sensor operates by emitting ultrasonic waves to gauge
the distance of an object positioned in front of it, returning the measurement in centimeters.
The Arduino UNO microcontroller processes the received distance data and adjusts the servo
motor's position accordingly.
Fig 5.1 Simulation diagram of ultrasonic sensor with servo motor
This setup enables dynamic positioning of the servo motor in response to changes in the
detected distance, offering versatile applications in robotics, automation, and object
tracking systems. The Arduino Mega serves as the central processing unit of the sorting
machine. It controls and coordinates the operation of all other components, receives input from

sensors, processes data, and sends commands to actuator mechanisms.The microcontroller,

integrated within the Arduino UNO board, executes program logic, manages sensor inputs, and
controls output devices. The camera module captures images of the coconuts as they move
along the conveyor belt. Image processing algorithms implemented within the microcontroller
analyze the images to detect defects such as cracks or abnormalities in the coconut's eye.The
servo motor is employed to push defective coconuts out of the conveyor system. It receives
commands from the Arduino Mega based on detection results from the sensing units.
The load cell measures the weight of each coconut after passing through the sensing units.
Weight data is used to determine the quality and ripeness of the coconut. The colour sensor
identifies the color of each coconut. Deviations from the expected color may indicate defects
or ripeness issues. The ultrasonic sensor detects cracks or irregularities in the surface of the
coconut. It emits ultrasonic waves and measures the time taken for the waves to bounce back.
Anomalies in the return signal can signify cracks or structural issues. Coconuts are deposited
into the hopper and are released individually onto the roller conveyor. As the coconuts move
along the conveyor, they pass through various sensing units, including the camera module,
ultrasonic sensor, colour sensor, and load cell. The camera module captures images of the
coconuts, which are analyzed by the microcontroller to detect eye defects. The ultrasonic sensor
identifies cracks or irregularities in the coconut's surface. The colour sensor assesses the color
of each coconut.

5.3 FLOWCHART
Coconuts are individually retrieved from the hopper and directed through a roller
conveyor system. As they traverse the conveyor, coconuts undergo various
sensor-based evaluations and sorting methodologies to align with desired
characteristics. Among these considerations, coconut weight stands as a pivotal
constraint. Upon encountering the load cell, the program initializes. The load cell
accurately gauges the coconut's weight, transmitting a corresponding signal to the
microcontroller. Subsequently, the microcontroller relays this information to the
display unit, where the coconut's weight is showcased. This precise measurement

aids in categorizing coconuts based on predefined threshold values, ensuring

efficient sorting processes.
As coconuts move along the roller conveyor, a crucial constraint involves detecting their colour
to assess their quality. When a coconut enters the range of the colour sensor, the program
initiates. The colour sensor swiftly identifies the coconut's colour against the desired hue. If the
detected colour matches the desired one, the servo motor pivots left. Conversely, if the colour
deviates from the desired shade, the servo motor swivels right. This process ensures that
coconuts meeting the specified colour criteria are directed one way, while those failing to meet
the criteria are directed in another, thereby facilitating quality control along the conveyor line.

When a coconut enters the range of the ultrasonic sensor, the program initiates. The first step
involves initializing the ultrasonic sensor, preparing it for operation. Subsequently, the
microcontroller sends a trigger signal to the ultrasonic sensor to initiate an ultrasonic pulse, and
then waits for the sensor to receive the echo pulse reflected from the coconut. Upon receiving
the echo pulse, the ultrasonic sensor detects the distance to the coconut. If the detected distance
corresponds to the coconut being within the sensor's range, the program proceeds to measure
the coconut's weight. If the coconut is present infront of the ultrasonic sensor, the servo motor
turns right and back into the sorting process and continues diverting the coconut accordingly.

5.4 RESULT
The automatic coconut sorting machine seamlessly integrates cutting-edge technologies to
achieve precise and efficient sorting outcomes. The following descriptive results highlight the
machine's performance.The Quality Assessment it is a advanced sensor technology, the
machine demonstrated an impressive ability to assess coconut quality based on color, shape,
and surface condition.
High accuracy in quality sorting was observed, emphasizing the machine's capability to uphold
stringent quality standards.A precision weighing mechanism facilitated the efficient sorting of
coconuts based on weight categories.The machine maintained tight tolerances in weight
variations, resulting in grouped coconuts that met precise weight specifications.
5.5 SUMMARY
The simulation analysis of ACSM is performed using wokwi software. The implemented
machine showed significant improvement in the performance.
5.6 CONCLUSION
This research can used as sorting machine for coconut. Based on the results of analysis and
testing, the conclusions of this study indicate that this sorting system has an maximal accuracy.
The Weight sensor is used in this project. Which is one of the most important parameters that
is taken into account for calculating the dosage value. It is a key measure for safe medication
management and monitoring patients. The ultimate aim of the project is to avoid the medication
errors caused due to their annual calculation.

REFERENCES
[1] Tansuva Jahn Nuva, Md. Imteaz Ahmed, Sarker Safat, Muhmud. “Design &
Fabrication
Dhroov Batra, Hardik Rewari,Hema N. “Automated Tomato Sorting Machine”,

Conference- International Conference On Signal Processing And
Communication(ICSC), Year- March 2020.
[2] Ayushi Sharma, Jyostna Pathak, Muskan Prakash,J N Singh. “Arduino And Node MCU
Based Ingenious Household Object Monitoring And Control Environment,
Conference- International Conference On Advances In Computing,Communication
Control And Networking(ICACCCN), Year- 2019.
[3] Trilok .G. Mylar, Prashanth L, Ramesh C G, “Design Of Automated System For
Coconut Segregstion”, Journal- International Journal Pf Advances In Engineering And
Management(IJAEM),Volume 2, Issue No- 4, Year-August 2020.
[4] J.Chinna Babu, M.Sandeep Kumar, Prabu Jayagopal, V.E Satheeshkumar. “Iot Based
Intelligence System For Internal Crack Detection In Building Blocks”, Journal- Journal
Of Nanomaterial. Year- June 2022
[5] Myat Myat Myo, Zar Chi Soe, “Automatic Colour Sorting Machine Using Arduino
Mega Microcontroller, Journal- International Journal Of Latest Technology In
Engineering Management & Applied Science(IJLTEMAS), Volume- VIII, Issue No-
VIII, Year- August 2019.
[6] A.Rasheedha, K.Srinathi, T.Sivalavanya, R.R.Monesha , S.Nithin. “Arduino Based

Automated Dosage Prescriptor using Load Cell”, Conference- Fourth International
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Year- 2020.

APPENDIX
6.1 SERVO MOTOR WITH ULTRA SONIC SENSOR
#include <Servo.h>
#define trigPin 9
#define echoPin 8
Servo servo;
int sound = 250;
void setup() {
Serial.begin (9600);
pinMode(trigPin, OUTPUT);
pinMode(echoPin, INPUT);
servo.attach(6);
void loop() {
long duration, distance;
digitalWrite(trigPin, LOW);
delayMicroseconds(2);

digitalWrite(trigPin, HIGH);
delayMicroseconds(10);
digitalWrite(trigPin, LOW);
duration = pulseIn(echoPin, HIGH);
distance = (duration/2) / 29.1; if (distance < 80) {
Serial.print(distance);
Serial.println(" cm ,nothing pass on belt");
servo.write(90);
else if (distance<180) {
Serial.print(distance);
Serial.println("cm coconut detected");
servo.write(180); }
else {
Serial.println("nothing detected");

delay(500);
6.2 SERVO MOTOR WITH LOAD CELL

#include <LiquidCrystal.h>
LiquidCrystal lcd(8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13);
#define DT A0
#define SCK A1
#define sw 2
long sample=0;
float val=0;
long count=0;
unsigned long readCount(void)
unsigned long Count;
unsigned char i;
pinMode(DT, OUTPUT);

digitalWrite(DT,HIGH);
digitalWrite(SCK,LOW);
Count=0;
pinMode(DT, INPUT);
while(digitalRead(DT));
for (i=0;i<24;i++)
digitalWrite(SCK,HIGH);
Count=Count<<1;
if(digitalRead(DT))
Count++;
digitalWrite(SCK,HIGH);
Count=Count^0x800000;

return(Count);
void setup()
Serial.begin(9600);
pinMode(SCK, OUTPUT);
pinMode(sw, INPUT_PULLUP);
lcd.begin(16, 2);
lcd.print(" Weight ");
lcd.setCursor(0,1);
lcd.print(" Measurement ");
delay(1000);
lcd.clear();
calibrate();
void loop()

count= readCount();
int w=(((count-sample)/val)-2*((count-sample)/val));
Serial.print("weight:");
Serial.print((int)w);
Serial.println("g");
lcd.setCursor(0,0);
lcd.print("Weight ");
lcd.setCursor(0,1);
lcd.print(w);
lcd.print("g ");
if(digitalRead(sw)==0)
val=0;
sample=0;
w=0;

count=0;
calibrate();
void calibrate()
lcd.clear();
lcd.print("Calibrating...");
lcd.setCursor(0,1);
lcd.print("Please Wait...");
for(int i=0;i<100;i++)
count=readCount();
sample+=count;
Serial.println(count);

sample/=100;
Serial.print("Avg:");
Serial.println(sample);
lcd.clear();
lcd.print("Put 100g & wait");
count=0;
while(count<1000)
count=readCount();
count=sample-count;
Serial.println(count);
lcd.clear();
lcd.print("Please Wait....");
delay(2000);
for(int i=0;i<100;i++)

count=readCount();
val+=sample-count;
Serial.println(sample-count);
val=val/100.0;
val=val/100.0; // put here your calibrating weight
lcd.clear();
}
6.3 SERVO MOTOR WITH COLOUR SENSOR
#include <Servo.h>
#include <Adafruit_TCS3200.h>
#define S0 5
#define S1 4
#define S2 3
#define S3 2
#define sensorOut 6
Servo myservo;
Adafruit_TCS3200 colorSensor(S2, S3, S0, S1, sensorOut);
void setup() {
Serial.begin(9600);

myservo.attach(9); // Attach servo to pin 9
colorSensor.begin();
pinMode(sensorOut, INPUT);
}
void loop() {
int red, green, blue;
colorSensor.readRGB(&red, &green, &blue);
Serial.print("R: "); Serial.print(red);

Serial.print(" G: "); Serial.print(green);
Serial.print(" B: "); Serial.print(blue);
Serial.println();
// Determine the color based on the RGB values

if (red > green && red > blue) {
// Red color detected
moveServo(0);
} else if (green > red && green > blue) {
// Green color detected
moveServo(90);
} else if (blue > red && blue > green) {
// Blue color detected
moveServo(180);
} else {
// No dominant color detected
moveServo(90); // Move servo to default position
}
delay(1000); // Delay for stability

}

void moveServo(int angle) {

myservo.write(angle); // Move the servo to the specified angle
delay(500); // Delay for servo to reach the position
}

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Project Report

AUTOMATIC COCUNUT SORTING MACHINE

ASIF ASSAIN C (IEAUEEE006)

In partial fulfilment for the award of degree of

ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

This is to certify that the project report entitled ‘AUTOMATIC COCUNUT

PROJECT GUIDE PROJECT COORDINATOR

Mrs. PRISY P Mrs. JAYA CK

Assistant Professor Assistant Professor

Department of EEE Department of EEE

Mrs. ARCHA S.P

Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering

Keywords—TCS3200 RGB Colour Sensor, Sorting Machine, conveyor, ACS, Husked

We are extremely grateful to the principal, Dr. Ranjith C, The Principal,institute of

ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................................. iii

RPM Rotation per minute

4.1 Block Diagram 4

4.2 Circuit Diagram 5

Dept. of EEE 1 IETCU

Dept. of EEE 2 IETCU

2.2 LITERATURE REVIEW

J.CHINNA BABU, M. SANDEEP KUMAR, PRABHU JAYAGOPAL, VE

Dept. of EEE 3 IETCU

A.RASHEEDA, K.SRIMATHI, T.SHIVALAVANYA, R.R.MONESHA,

DHROOV BATRA HARDIK, RIVARY HEMA N [4]Color is the most important

TRILOK.G.MYLAR, PRASHANTH L, RAMESH C G [5]In this paper review of

Dept. of EEE 4 IETCU

AYUSHI SHARMA, JYOSNA PATHAK, MUSKAN PRAKASH, JN SINGH [6]

Dept. of EEE 5 IETCU

Dept. of EEE 6 IETCU

2) HX711 Load cell

3) TCS3200 Colour sensor

Dept. of EEE 7 IETCU

A servo motor is a type of electromechanical device capable of precise control of angular or

Dept. of EEE 8 IETCU

4.2 BLOCK DIAGRAM

Fig 3.1 Block Diagram

Dept. of EEE 9 IETCU

4.3 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

This is the circuit diagram representation of automatic coconut sorting machine is

Dept. of EEE 10 IETCU

Dept. of EEE 11 IETCU

5.2 SIMULATION DIAGRAM

Fig 5.1 Simulation diagram of ultrasonic sensor with servo motor

Dept. of EEE 12 IETCU

sensors, processes data, and sends commands to actuator mechanisms.The microcontroller,

Dept. of EEE 13 IETCU

Dept. of EEE 14 IETCU

aids in categorizing coconuts based on predefined threshold values, ensuring

Dept. of EEE 15 IETCU

Dept. of EEE 16 IETCU

Dept. of EEE 17 IETCU

Dhroov Batra, Hardik Rewari,Hema N. “Automated Tomato Sorting Machine”,

[6] A.Rasheedha, K.Srinathi, T.Sivalavanya, R.R.Monesha , S.Nithin. “Arduino Based

Dept. of EEE 18 IETCU

6.1 SERVO MOTOR WITH ULTRA SONIC SENSOR

int sound = 250;

long duration, distance;

Dept. of EEE 19 IETCU

duration = pulseIn(echoPin, HIGH);

distance = (duration/2) / 29.1; if (distance < 80) {

Serial.println(" cm ,nothing pass on belt");