Safety and Health Management System

5-STAR
Procedure No: OHS-PR-02-03
Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment
(HIRA)
ISO 45001 Clause 6 (6.1.2/6.1.3/6.1.4)

Version No:1 Rev No: 0 Page: 1 of 25

 TABLE OF CONTENTS

1 Purpose .......................................................................................................................3
2 Scope ..........................................................................................................................3
3 Definition and Acronyms .............................................................................................3
4 Responsibilities ...........................................................................................................4
5 Implementation Requirements ....................................................................................6
6 Performance Requirements ......................................................................................23
7 Reference Documents ...............................................................................................23

Version No:1 Rev No: 0 Page: 2 of 25

 1 Purpose
To prescribe the methodologies and provide guidance on how OHS related hazards
and risks are identified, assessed, documented and managed in a consistent and
ongoing pro-active manner throughout Saudi Electricity Company and its
Subsidiaries.

2 Scope
This procedure applies upon all the processes and activities in the Saudi Electrical
Company and its subsidiaries. These instructions are related to all the operational
work places, activates, tasks, equipment, devices, materials and the environment in
the community in which it operates. Specifying risks and developing methods to
control them in order to ensure health and safety of employees, and its assets to
achieve the requirements of the OHS Policy and OHS Management System.
Note: This procedure does not address Fire Risk Assessments. This is specifically
addressed in the procedure OHS-PR-02-13 Fire Safety Management.

3 Definition and Acronyms

ALARP (As Low as Reasonably Practicable): A level of risk that is tolerable, and
cannot be reduced further without the expenditure of costs that are grossly
disproportionate in relation to the benefit gained.
This is the level of risk that all people involved in the risk assessment process
consider to be acceptable for people conducting the process to be exposed to; and
the level that a reasonable person would consider acceptable.
Critical Task: A Task which has the potential to cause major loss to people,
property, process or the environment if not performed properly.
Control Measures: Method used to reduce or control risks arising from identified
hazards.
Consequence: The concept of consequence includes, within its scope, the potential
adverse impacts/effects on people, the environment, plant or property, or a
combination of these. It is important to remember that a single hazard may be the
cause for multiple incidents and in turn, any one incident can have multiple
consequences.
Exposure: The frequency of occurrence of the hazard event.
FME(C)A: Failure Mode and Effects Analysis/ Failure Mode Effects & Criticality
Analysis.
Hazard: A source or situation with a potential for harm in terms of injury or ill health,
damage to property, damage to the workplace environment, or a combination of
these.
HAZOP: Hazard and Operability Study.
HIRA: Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment.
Incident: Undesired event giving rise to death, ill health, injury, damage or other
loss.
Job Safe Procedure (JSP): Describes how work is to be carried out in a safe and

Version No:1 Rev No: 0 Page: 3 of 25

 standardized step by step process. A safe work procedure outlines the hazards, risks
and associated controls measures to be applied to ensure the task/activity is
conducted in a way to reduce the risk of accidents.
Likelihood (also known as Probability): The likelihood that once the hazard event
occurs, the complete accident sequence of events will follow with the timing and
coincidence to result in the accident and consequences.
Organization: The company, its subsidiaries business line entities, sectors,
departments, divisions, operational units, subsidiaries, enterprise, authority or
institution, or part or combination thereof, whether incorporated or not, that has its
own functions and administration.
OHS: Occupational Health and Safety.
Preventative Measures: These are the practicable measures for eliminating or
reducing the risk of injury, illness or disease in the workplace. They are the means
by which the sites can influence the probability of incidents occurring.
Risk: Combination of the likelihood and consequence(s) of a specified undesirable
OHS event occurring.
Residual Risk: The remaining level of risk after risk treatment measures has been
implemented.
Risk Assessment: Process of evaluating the risk(s) arising from hazard/impact(s),
taking into account the adequacy of any existing controls, and deciding whether or
not the risk(s) is acceptable.
Risk Profile: Risk profile is a list of all OHS risks/impacts identified in the operations,
sites, activities, tasks and equipment etc. ranked based on their risk rating that help
developing the objective and targets for the organization.
Risk Register: The principal documented evidence of implementation of the OHS
risk management process. They provide a current picture of the OHS risk profile at
each organizational level, and need to be reviewed periodically.
Risk Treatment – Selection and implementation of appropriate options and action
plans for dealing with risk.
SEC: Saudi Electricity Company.
Note: The words “shall” and “must” in this procedure indicate mandatory
requirements. The word “should” indicates a preferred approach.

4 Responsibilities
4.1 Vice Presidents and Executive Directors
4.1.1 Ensuring that the risk profile of the business line or sector is developed.
4.1.2 Ensuring the implementation of risk based approach of the OHS
management system implementation consistent with the risk profile of the
business line or sector.
4.1.3 Ensuring the implementation of this procedure by every employee working
for them or at their sites or equipment.
4.1.4 Ensuring that all the resources needed to implement the risk assessment
procedure is available to all departments and divisions.

Version No:1 Rev No: 0 Page: 4 of 25

 4.1.5 Performing a periodic audit to the risk assessment to ensure the safe,
consistent and effective implementation.

4.2 Managers, Supervisors and Contractors

Department managers, Division managers, Section supervisor and Contractors
responsible for:
4.2.1 Ensuring that their employees and contractors are trained to implement
the risk assessment procedure.
4.2.2 Ensuring the risk of every operation, site/workplace, task/activity,
equipment/device and material is identified and assessed.
4.2.3 Co-ordinates, conducts planned task observations and follow-up on
actions.
4.2.4 Ensuring the control measures and approved for every risk is in place and
the risk is reduced to reasonably acceptable level.
4.2.5 Ensuring safe, consistent and effective implementation of the risk
assessment and PJO procedure throughout their area of responsibility.
4.2.6 Ensure that the findings of the risk assessments and the precautions to be
taken are effectively communicated to, understood and implemented by
those persons covered in the assessment and other stakeholders.
4.4.6 Developing a risk profile and submitting significant risk to their business
line leaders for inclusion in the business line or sector risk profile.

4.3 ISD Safety Managers and Engineers

ISD Safety Managers and Engineers are responsible for:
4.3.1 Issuing and maintaining the corporate risk assessment procedure.
4.3.2 Giving competent advice on the suitability and sufficiency of risk
assessments and PJO’s completed.
4.3.4 Performing a periodic inspection and annual audit on the risk assessment
and PJO procedure to ensure the safe, consistent and effective
implementation throughout SEC business line entities.

4.4 SEC Training Centers

SEC Training Centers are responsible for:
4.4.1 Providing training on the Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment
(HIRA) process as requested by managers.
4.4.2 Providing training on the Critical Task (CT), Job Safe Procedures (JSP)
and Planned Job Observations (PJO’s) as requested by managers.

Version No:1 Rev No: 0 Page: 5 of 25

 5 Implementation Requirements

5.1 Risk Management Process

Each business line shall develop, implement, communicate and maintain a risk
assessment strategy and plan for the identification and evaluation of
occupational health, safety and fire hazards and the implementation of
preventative measures (based on the control hierarchy of elimination,
substitution, engineering controls, signage/warnings and/or administrative
controls, personal protective equipment) and the establishment and
maintenance of a Risk Register and/or Registers.
The concepts and requirements within this Procedure are mandatory.
Specifically, they address Occupational Health and Safety Manage ment as an
integral component of SEC Business Risk Management and support the
continuous improvement process. Business lines, projects and sites shall have
procedures in place to ensure they comply with these requirements.
Figure 1 shows the SEC Occupational Health and Safety Risk Management
process and the risk registers which are generated at each level. The Health
and Safety risk registers are the principal documented evidence of
implementation of the OHS policy and risk management process. They provide
a current picture of the OHS risk profile at each organizational business line
level, and need to be reviewed periodically.
The framework also indicates the requirement to interface with other business
risk management processes (not coordinated by the OHS function), including
operations, investment process review, acquisitions, divestments, and closure.
The Group Risk Management function provides the framework for integration of
all these types of risk.

Figure 1: The SEC OHS Risk Management Framework

* Business Line or Sector
The business line shall conduct a Baseline Risk Assessment within their

Version No:1 Rev No: 0 Page: 6 of 25

 department operations, projects and sites to assess where they are in terms of
OHS risk (risk profile highlighted Red circle) as shown in Figure 2 below,
identifying the significant high risks and thereby establishing their priorities and a
system for future risk control. This baseline risk assessment needs to be
comprehensive as it may well lead to further, separate, more in depth risk
assessment studies to reduce the risk e.g. HAZOP, FEM(C)A.

Figure 2 Risk Management Process

Once the business line and its departments, projects and sites have established
baseline risk profiles, it must decide it if is going to Tolerate the risk using the
principle of ALARP, or must it reduce the risk further through risk reduction
methods (Hierarch of Control), resulting in risk profile that is suitable and
sufficient (Highlight in Green circle) Figure 2 above. They then monitor and
review the risk through a continuous improvement process.
The baseline risk assessment shall be reviewed annually to ensure that it is still
relevant and accurate.

5.1.1. Forms of Risk Assessment

There are essentially three forms of risk assessment which are part of a risk
management system and best practise that need to be conducted. These are
(not in order of priority):
1. Baseline risk assessments.
2. Issue based risk assessments.
3. Continuous risk assessments.
This risk assessment process of a four (4) “Layered Approach” are assembled
in one logical illustration demonstrated in Figure 3 below: “A Layered Risk
Assessment Approach” will identify those aspects having the highest potential to
cause significant impacts such as serious injury or illness, significant
environmental impact and asset, product or business loss and thus reduce risk.

Version No:1 Rev No: 0 Page: 7 of 25

 It shall be applied in the organization business lines.

Figure 3: Four (4) “Layered Risk Assessment Approach”

5.2 When to Conduct Hazard Identification and Risk Assessments (HIRA)

Risk Assessment must be undertaken when there is a reasonable Occupational
Health and Safety risk associated with:
5.2.1 Operations / Facilities / Sites / Projects / Workplaces.
5.2.2 Routine and non-routine activities / tasks.
5.2.3 Equipment / Devices.
5.2.4 Materials.
5.2.5 Introduction of or modification of equipment, materials, procedures,
workplaces or processes;
5.2.6 Plant (including the transport, construction, installation, erection,
commissioning, use, repair, maintenance, dismantling, storage or disposal of
plant);
5.2.7 The physical working environment (including the potential for any one or
more of the following:
 electrocution;
 drowning;

Version No:1 Rev No: 0 Page: 8 of 25

  fire or explosion;
 people slipping, tripping or falling;
 contact with moving or stationary objects;
 exposure to noise, heat, cold, vibration, radiation, static electricity or a
contaminated environment or atmosphere; and
 The presence of a confined space.
5.2.8 Legal and other requirements identified through the organization’s Legal
assessment.
5.2.9 Specific circumstances change that increases the risk.
5.2.10 at regularly scheduled times appropriate to the workplace risk exposure.
The following are also part of Hazard Identification and Risk Assessmen t process
assessments and need to be conducted in all operations as a separate or
combined in risk assessments were applicable:
 Lighting HIRA (day and night shifts).
 Ventilation HIRA.
 Noise HIRA.
 Heat Stress HIRA.
 Vibration HIRA.
 Non-Ionising Radiation HIRA.
 Ionising Radiation HIRA.
 Hazardous Chemical Substance HIRA.
 Fire Risk HIRA.
 Biological Stressors HIRA.
 Traffic Management HIRA.
 Ergonomics HIRA.
 Emergency and Disaster HIRA.
Where it is necessary to use measuring devices to quantify hazards e.g. no ise
meters, lux meters etc. the person using the device must be trained and certified in
the use of this equipment, or, alternatively, the services of a competent consultant
shall be secured to carry out the measurements on the organizations behalf.
Note: All measuring equipment must be calibrated and maintained according to
manufacturer’s specifications and shall retain proof of calibration must be
maintained as per requirements of OHS-PR-02-07 Document Control Procedure.

5.3 Risk Assessment Team

5.3.1 Management shall select a Risk Assessment Team Leader consisting of a
qualified Risk Assessor and Team Members to conduct risk assessments.
The risk assessment team should include:
 The supervisor responsible for the area.

Version No:1 Rev No: 0 Page: 9 of 25

  The employee operating or responsible for the equipment or process.
 The appointees (risk assessor, health, safety and fire representatives,
etic).
 Technical advisors.
5.3.2 Management shall ensure that the risk assessment team members:
 Are trained how to conduct a Risk Assessment and Critical Task (CT)
analysis and write a Job Safe Procedure (JSP).
 Have sufficient knowledge, expertise and competence in the activity or
process to be assessed.
 Have sufficient knowledge, expertise and competence in the
understanding of the hazards that can be produced by the activity or
process.
Management shall ensure that all employees under their control are
informed, instructed and trained by a competent person regarding any
hazard impact and the related work procedures before any work
commences, and thereafter at such times as may be determined in the risk
assessment monitoring and review plan using Form OHS-PR-02-03-F11
Risk Assessment & Job Safe Procedure Daily Briefing/Toolbox Talk record.
5.3.3 Prior to the commencement of a risk assessment, the risk assessment team
should carry out preparatory work to ensure that they have sufficient
information to base their judgments on.
5.3.4 The team leader should decide with the team the Scope of the Risk
Assessment.
The goals, objectives, scope and boundaries to which the risk assessment
process is being applied needs to be determined by considering which of the
following features are being assessed:-
Is the risk assessment going to be?
1. Geographical risk (operation, department, section, site) based;
2. Hazard or risk based (special care need to identify hazards and/or
impacts);
3. Activity/Task risk based; or
4. A combination of all 3 above.
Simply, it can be a description of geographical areas or activities or a
combination, including the description of the operation, process, tasks, what
locations, which workgroups will perform the activities, what are the major
goals, procedures and how will they be achieved. The more specific
description of the activities, the more risk scope can be identified.
5.3.5 The risk assessment team members should research and collect the
following information, but not limited to:
 Applicable legislation, standards and industry guidance.
 OHS audit and inspection reports.
 Previous risk assessments and JSP’s written.

Version No:1 Rev No: 0 Page: 10 of 25

  Past incident and near miss investigation reports.
 Log books.
 Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS).
 Manufacturers’ instructions.
 Ill-health records.
 Hazid (Hazard Identification) Checklist to prompt discussion of hazards.
 Any other information that could assist in the risk assessmen t studies.

5.4 Risk Assessment Methodology

The risk management framework for conducting a Baseline Risk Assessment
is the Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment (HIRA) process, illustrated
in Figure 4 below which shall be used during any required OHS risk
assessments within SEC business line operations, facilities, sites, projects and
activities which include which Job Safe Procedures (JSP’s) and Safe Work
Method Statements (SWMS-Construction). It is structured, simple and practical
but systematic process. These steps are explained in the text that follows.
The risk assessment information form the assessment process is recorded in
the Risk Assessment Form OHS-PR-02-03-F02 and applied in the workplace
before start of an activity or job. The form must remain at the point of operation
for the duration of the work activity or job and if any changes in risk, the form
must be updated and communicated to all employees.

Assessment of Risk

Version No:1 Rev No: 0 Page: 11 of 25

 Figure 4: Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment (HIRA) Process
(Adapted from ISO 31000:2018)

5.4.1 Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment (HIRA) Process

STEP 1 - ESTABLISH THE SCOPE
The scope, goals, objectives and boundaries of the plant, facility, site, project or
activity to which the risk assessment process is being applied needs to be
determined by considering which of the following features are being assessed: -
 Risk to Occupational Health and Safety and/or community.
 Risk at a Plant, Facility, Project Site, Project, for a Business Line, and/or the
Company as a whole.
 Risk associated with a single hazard, a single incident, or the total site .
 Risk associated with one phase of life cycle of an asset, or the entire life
cycle.
 Risks associated with routine and non-routine activities / tasks.

STEP 2 - HAZARD IDENTIFICATION

This is the most significant step in the risk management process and involves
two stages:
 Identifying hazards;
 Identifying potential incidents that can result from hazards.
This involves the compilation of a comprehensive list of OHS hazards that might
affect the organization, the workplace or the performance of activities, including
sources of risks and areas of impact. It is about identifying all risks regardless of
whether they are beyond the control of the workplace or organization.
Hazards can be identified systematically through different classifications shown
in Table 1 below:

Hazard Potential harm

Manual tasks Overexertion or repetitive movement can cause muscular

strain.

Gravity Falling objects, falls, slips and trips of people can cause
fractures, bruises, lacerations, dislocations, concussion,
permanent injuries or death.

Electricity Potential ignition source.

Exposure to live electrical wires can cause shock, burns or
death from electrocution.

Machinery and equipment Being hit by moving vehicles, or being caught by moving
parts of machinery can cause fractures, bruises,
lacerations, dislocations, permanent injuries or death.

Version No:1 Rev No: 0 Page: 12 of 25

 Hazardous chemicals Chemicals (such as acids, hydrocarbons, heavy metals)
and dusts (such as asbestos and silica) can cause
respiratory illnesses, cancers or dermatitis.

Extreme temperatures Heat can cause burns; heat stroke or fatigue Cold can
cause hypothermia or frost bite.

Noise Exposure to loud noise can cause permanent hearing

damage.

Radiation Ultra violet, welding arc flashes, micro waves and lasers
can cause burns, cancer or blindness.

Biological Micro-organisms can cause hepatitis, legionnaires’ disease

or allergies.

Psychosocial hazards Effects of work-related stress, bullying, violence and work-

related fatigue.

Social, organizational Damage of organizational reputation, unsafe culture at

workplaces.

Briefly, the risks come from the factors of individuals and organization,
equipment and environment or from the combination of these factors. To assist
with hazard identification refers to Form OHS-PR-02-03-F03 Workplace Hazard
Identification Checklist and OHS-PR-02-03-F04 Hazard ID & Categories
Checklist.

STEP 3 - ANALYSE RISKS (Consequence / Likelihood Rating)

Once the hazards have been identified, the risk must be analyzed by estimating
the likelihood of an incident/injury occurring and the consequence of an incident,
injury or illness that may occur, and then prioritizing/rating the risks with the
objective of separating the minor acceptable risks from the extreme and
moderate risks. At this stage the adequacy of present controls must also be
considered.
Risk assessment should only include what you could reasonably be expected to
know – you are not expected to anticipate unforeseeable risks.

Assess / Consider the Consequences

For each hazard, aspect or task, activity, item or process, use the following table
to assess and rate the consequences associated with each of them by
comparing with the possible consequences of the unwanted event illustrated in
Table 2 below.

Table 2 Consequence /Severity Rating

Consequence/
Health & Safety Financial Costs Fire/Dam age/Material Loss etc.
Severity
 First Aid Case • Minor remediation or disturbance
Insignificant
 Exposure to Minor Health • No interruption to work
• Negligible cost, or accept as is

Version No:1 Rev No: 0 Page: 13 of 25

 Risk

 Short-term damage, moderate remediation

Minor  Medical Treatment Case
• Work interrupted
 Exposure to Major Risk • Costs or consequential loss SR10k – SR100k

 Reversible impact rectified in house, substantial

Moderate  Loss Time Injury
 Reversible Impact on Health
Major  Single Fatality or Loss of
Quality of Life
 Irreversible impact on Health
 Multiple Fatalities
Catastrophic  Impact on health Ultimately
Fatal
remediation
 Temporary site closure (less than a day)
• Costs or consequential loss SR100k –SR1M.
 Major impact, external assistance, large-scale
remediation
 Temporary site closure (more than a day)
 Loss of accreditation
• Costs or consequential loss SR1M - SR10M.
 Total replacement
 Permanent site closure or eviction
• Costs or consequential loss SR10M.

Assess / Consider the likelihood

For each hazard, use Table 3 below to rate the likelihood of an incident that will
lead to the consequences that you have determined. Consider all of the opt ions
for each rating and use the most likely rating that is possible for the defined
consequences.
Remember that likelihood is related to exposure and exposure depends upon
duration and frequency of exposure (or operation) as well as on the number of
people exposed. For example, exposing eight people to a moving machinery
hazard for one hour each is theoretically equivalent to exposing four people for
two hours each.
Table 3: Likelihood Rating

Likelihood Parameters

Rare The unwanted event has never known to occur in the business or it is
highly unlikely to occur within 20 years.

Unlikely The unwanted event has occurred in the business at some time: or
could happen within 20 years.

Possible The unwanted event has occurred in the business at some time: or
could happen within 10 years.

Likely The unwanted event has occurred infrequently : Occurs in order of

less than once per year & is likely to reoccur within 5 yrs.

Almost Certain The unwanted event has occurred frequently : Occurs in order of (1)
or more per year & is likely to reoccur within 1 year

Version No:1 Rev No: 0 Page: 14 of 25

 Risk Level
A risk matrix is used to plot the consequence against the likelihood and
determine the level of risk associated with each hazard or task/activity. Table 4
below shows the level of risk associated with each combination of consequence
and likelihood. The risk rating could be Extreme, High, Moderate or Low.

LOW = Green MEDIUM = Yellow HIGH = Orange EXTREME = Red

Table 4: OHS Risk Matrix

Hazard Effect/ Consequence
(Where the event has more than one “Loss Type”, choose the highest Consequence Rating )
Likelihood
Insignificant Minor Moderate Major Catastrophic

Alm ost
Medium 5 High 10 Extrem e 15 Extrem e 20 Extrem e 25
certain (5)

Likely (4) Medium 4 High 8 High 12 Extrem e 16 Extrem e 20

Possible (3) Low 3 Medium 6 High 9 High 12 Extrem e 15

Unlikely (2) Low 2 Medium 4 Medium 6 High 8 High 10

Rare (1) Low 1 Low 2 Low 3 Medium 4 Medium 5

STEP 4 - EVALUATE RISKS

Rating each identified risk determines the priority of actions to control the risk.
Once the likelihood and consequence of each risk is determined, the risk is
ranked by the following numbers in Table 5 below.
Table 5: Risk Rating

Risk Parameters

Extreme The activity MUST NOT proceed. Alternate controls put in place to reduce
the risk rating to LOW or MEDIUM. (ALARP). Dangerous level of risk which
[15 – 25] is unacceptable and required to be controlled immediately.

The activity can proceed so long as the highest level and most appropriate
High risk control measures have been identified, implemented & proactively
managed. Control measures would involve eliminating, substituting,
[8 – 12] isolating or engineering out the source of the risk from the activity or
equipment.

Medium The activity may proceed with normal supervision after implementing the
control measures. The timeframe for the completion of risk controls to lower
[4 – 6] the risk to a low or negligible level is within 14 days.

The activity may proceed with normal supervision and monitoring of control
Low
measures. However, if there are controls which can be initiated that are
[1 - 3] easy and inexpensive they can still be administered. The timeframe for the
completion of controls associated with this level of risk is within 28 days .

Version No:1 Rev No: 0 Page: 15 of 25

 The risk evaluation step determines the tolerability of the risk. This is done by
comparing the assessed OHS risk (outlined in Step 3) with the criteria for
tolerability).
The ‘ALARP’ principle (Table 6) shall be used to assess the tolerability of a risk
(Table 4). It includes the criteria against which tolerability can be determined
and the criteria can be either qualitative or quantitative.

Table 6: The SEC Matrix / ALARP Concept

Consequence (Severity)
Likelihood
Low Minor Significant Major Catastrophic

Alm ost certain INTOLERABLE

(5)
Significant and Urgent
actions required
Likely (4) ALARP

Reduce
Possible (3) Risk to as
Low
Unlikely (2) Reasonably
TOLERABLE
Practicable

Rare (1) Monitor and Manage

STEP 5 –TOLERATE RISKS

Once the risk has been assessed against the defined tolerability criteria, a
decision can then be made to either:-
 Tolerate the risk if it is ALARP; or
 Consider treatment options if the risk does not fall within the tolerable range.
Note that if a risk is ‘tolerable’, it requires ongoing management and mo nitoring,
and management procedures shall be developed to ensure that it remains in this
risk category.

STEP 6 - TREAT RISKS (Current Controls / Control Measures Required)

The primary aim of risk control is to eliminate the risk by removing the hazard.
When this is not possible the risk must be minimised to bring it to a level that is
tolerable or as low as reasonably practicable (ALARP). This involves: -
 identifying, evaluating and selecting potential treatment options following the
Hierarchy of Controls (see Figure 5);
 undertaking cost/benefit assessments;
 preparing and implementing treatment plans; and
 reassessing the ‘residual risk’ to see if it is ALARP (run through the risk
management process again), and continuing to monitor it

Version No:1 Rev No: 0 Page: 16 of 25

 5.4.2 Monitor and Review
A time frame should be designated at the time of the risk assessment for the
control measure to be implemented and a review to ensure that solutions to
workplace hazards are achieving the desired result.
Control measures must be reviewed:
 when the control measure is not effective in controlling the risk
 before a change at the workplace that is likely to give rise to a new or
different health and safety risk that the control measure may not effectively
control
 if a new hazard or risk is identified
 if the results of consultation indicate that a review is necessary, and
 if a health and safety representative requests a review.
You may use the same methods as in the initial hazard identification step to
check controls.
The risk profile for a department, site, project or asset is dynamic and will
change, and hence, the risk management process and its outcome shall be
reviewed at regular intervals.

Risk Register
The risk assessment data collected from identifying, assessing and controlling
risks is to be sent to the department OHS Coordinator who shall manage the
information as a centralized risk register, form OHS-PR-02-03-F08 HIRA Risk
Register for the department. The risk register holds a list of the key risks that
need to be monitored and managed for each business line, thus must be
cascaded up into the specific business line and then SEC company risk register
as illustrated in Figure 1 - Page 7.
The risk register is to be managed by each business line, who shall be notified if
new hazards are identified and controls implemented so that the risk register
can be amended.
The department manager is responsible for overseeing the Risk Register, and
for ensuring that effective control measures are implemented and that risks are
monitored and reviewed on a regular basis.

5.4.3 Communication and Consultation

Throughout each step of the risk assessment communication must take place.
Relevant information identified in the risk assessment regarding the hazards,
their associated risks to health and safety and the appropriate risk control
measures must be effectively communicated, and be readily accessible to,
employees and others as appropriate. This shall involve two-way dialogue with
stakeholders (internal and external), rather than a one -way flow of information
from the decision-makers.
Managers need to ensure that the findings of the risk assessments and the

Version No:1 Rev No: 0 Page: 17 of 25

 precautions to be taken are effectively communicated to, understood and
implemented by those persons covered in the assessment.

5.5 Job Safe Procedures (JSP’s) - Issue Based Risk Assessment

Job Safe Procedures (JSP’s) are required in order to reduce the possibility of
risk to employees, harm to the environment and damage to equipment while
performing work tasks, specifically Critical Tasks (CT). Written pro cedures,
properly used, serve as a base from which tasks can be continually modified to
improve work methods, employee and contractor safety and productivity.
High risk, (Critical Tasks) are identified through activity or task based
Workplace Risk Assessment, and a critical task inventory sheet must then be
compiled listing the most High risk (Critical Task) from the most Highest ranked
down to the least Low ranked tasks according to the risk ranking in the HIRA
risk ranking index.
If an activity or task based HIRA was not done in the department they shall
utilize the Critical Task identification process to identify and analyze their activity
tasks and then write the Job Safe Procedures (JSP’s) for the critical tasks.
It must be noted that all workers who are assigned to carry out critical tasks
analysis assessments must attend JSP training and sign JSP registers
indicating that they have been trained in it. Attendance at the 8-hour JSP
Writing course is advised.

5.5.1 Method of developing Job Safe Procedures

 A team consisting of experienced employees who are required to do the
job / task should be used to write the JSP.
 List of all jobs / tasks carried out by them are listed on the critical task
identification form.
 A critical task identification exercise is carried out using the form OHS-
PR-02-03-F05 Critical Task Analysis to determine the critical jobs / tasks
by means of a risk ranking.
 A critical task inventory sheet using form OHS-PR-02-03-F06 Critical
Task Inventory is then compiled listing the most critical tasks, from the
most critical down to the least critical tasks according to the risk ranking
produced by the critical task identification exercise on form.
 Starting with the most critical tasks (high risk), the tasks are now
analyzed, which involves listing the steps, the hazards and the controls,
in draft, using the form OHS-PR-02-03-F07Job Safe Procedure.
 The draft should be reviewed with the employees to solicit their
comments on actual and potential hazards as well as the required
controls to eliminate the hazards.
 Update draft of JSP according to the recorded comments.
 The JSP is now ideally written. Each Job Safe Procedure developed will
be reviewed by the prospective section supervisor, and approved by the
manager prior to its inclusion in the job safe procedure manual.

Version No:1 Rev No: 0 Page: 18 of 25

  Job Safe Procedure manuals will be maintained in the department, as
required, to allow for ready access for each supervisor and all
employees.

5.5.2 Using the Job Safe Procedure

 Supervisors shall use the Job Safe Procedure to train and retrain
employees. A system must be established in each department to ensure
that each employee who is to perform a critical task has been instructed
on the job safe Procedures for that task and that the employee has
signed the JSP indicating he has been trained in it.
 Workers who are instructed to carry out critical tasks must attend JSPs
training and sign the JSP to indicate that he has been trained in it
 When each job safe Procedure is published, the information should
rapidly be made available to those who perform the task. A portion of
each safety meeting / 5-minute talk can be used for job safe Procedures
review or development.
 Written Job Safe Procedures shall be used and be made available in the
areas or departments where that particular critical task (job) is carried
out.
 Each accident investigation must be reviewed with respect to the
applicable job safe Procedures to ensure that the required control is
included in the job safe Procedure.
 Planned Job Observation (PJO): Written Job Safety Procedures are used
to enable supervisors to systematically analyse how well worker
performance meets the necessary standards and is the basis for the
Planned Job Observation program.
It is difficult to think of any management tool with more potential pa y-off than
well-developed and well-used task procedures and Procedures. Tools as
valuable as these should not be allowed to become obsolete.
Along with the original task inventories, each task procedure and Procedure
should be reviewed for possible updating:
 At a stipulated period of time, usually based on criticality, annually being a
common target.
 Whenever a high-potential incident or serious loss occurs.
 Whenever significant changes occur which can or will affect the task
performance (such as materials used, process or design alterations, area
changes, personnel and/or equipment changes)?

5.6 Informal Risk Awareness on Day-to-Day Tasks (Level 4)

The Objective of this risk assessment is to create a state of risk awareness in
the minds of supervisors and team individuals about to undertake a task or
during a task where an unexpected change has occurred. It is a prompt for the
worker to think about the risks during the task.
5.6.1 Examples of Methods:

Version No:1 Rev No: 0 Page: 19 of 25

 a. Stop! Take 5
1. Think through the Task;
2. Observe (Spot the Hazards);
3. Assess the Risks;
4. Make the Changes - Control and Communicate;
5. Proceed (Do the Job Safely).
b. SLAM (Stop, Look, Assess and Manage).
c. Risk Based Toolbox Talks.
d. STOP Process
Note: Companies with the best Safety Records have the STOP Field Level
Risk Assessment process embedded in their culture.

e. Field Level Risk Assessment

1. What am I doing?
2. What could go wrong?
3. How could it affect me or others?
4. What can I do about it?

5.7 Planned Job Observations (PJO) (Continuous Risk Assessment)

Planned job observations are not done as a side-line to some other activity.
They require preparation, undivided concentration and adequate time to do a
thorough job. A planned task observation is a systematic supervisory activity
which justifies the time it takes by the benefits it brings – benefits such as
improved quality and productivity, fewer injuries and damage, improved

Version No:1 Rev No: 0 Page: 20 of 25

 environmental conditions, better morale and motivation, less scrap and waste,
improved performance and profitability.
Planned observations are to human performance what planned inspections are
to physical conditions.
5.7.1 Planned Job Observation Requirements
 All new jobs, all critical, hazardous jobs, all jobs with an injury history and
all jobs to which are new or changed elements have been added will be
subjected to planned job observations.
 The objective of job observations is to ensure that employees perform all
aspects of their jobs in a correct and safe manner. Job observation of
work performance provides the opportunity for positive re -enforcement,
improvement of procedures and information for instituting corrective
action.
 Job observations will be carried out using form OHS-PR-02-09-F10 Planned
Job Observation Report on an ad hoc basis and according to the risk rating
and observation schedule form OHS-PR-02-03-F09 Planned Job
Observation Schedule.
 Planned job observation will also be done in the case of risk takers or
jobs where people maintain a good Health and Safety record to
determine the techniques used by these people and to learn from them.
 All supervisors will be in possession of the Job Safe Procedures affecting
their sections
 The method used to carry out a Planned Job Safety Observation is as
follows :-
o A written Job Safe Procedure is used to control that all the correct
steps are followed.
o Interrupt the observation only if the worker endangers himself or
others.
o The Planned Job Observation report is completed and discussed with
the employee after the observation has been completed.
o Immediate feedback should be given to the worker about his
performance during the observation.
o If necessary any deviation is corrected immediately after the
observation.
o Both the person who observed and the employee need to sign the
Planned Job Observation report and agreed actions.
o After the observation, thank the worker for cooperating and indicate to
him that his contribution will lead to better efficiency.
 The written Job Safe Procedure and the Planned Job Observation report
is filed for future reference
 A record must be kept of all such observations, together with deviations
found and corrective actions taken and the written Job Safe Procedure
updated if required.

Version No:1 Rev No: 0 Page: 21 of 25

  Employees will be well informed during planned job observation to
substitute the element of fault finding by that of fact finding .
 Planned Job Observation will be done in a formal and/or informal way
(both are essential)
 The observer and the person being observed must both discuss the
outcome of the observation as well as any lessons learnt.
5.7.2 Unplanned or Partial Job Observation
Informal or partial job observations can also take place and during this job
observation not all steps need necessarily be observed, only the significant
steps. Informal or partial job observation form part of the on-going
observation program.
 You may take the time to give a training tip or to commend a good aspect
of performance. Or, you may notice a habitual risk-taker, and take time
to let him or her see that you are interested in the way the task is being
done, or you may happen upon an especially hazardous task being
done, so you take a few minutes to see how it goes. Thus you add
valuable information to your mental reservoir to use in contacting,
communicating and coaching.

5.7.3 Scheduling Observations

Properly done, observations should be part of your planned, scheduled
activities
In this scheduling, keep in mind that you want to observe certain people
doing certain (critical) tasks and to include every employee in the
observation program

5.7.4 Results of Planned Job Observation

Records of these observations should be analysis for root causes and used
for further training; remedial measures, accident investigation, or
modification of JSP’s and should not be merely discarded. They are vital
documents in the OHS Management System.
Job observations indicate:
 Re-training needs
 Or procedure modification needs, and
 Repairing or replacing the equipment, in the interest of health, safety..

5.7.5 Follow-up
The follow-up must be done promptly to ensure all deviations in respect of
people actions, equipment and rectification and retraining on updated
procedures if the follow-up is not done timorously, the observation will have
been a waste of time and effort.

Version No:1 Rev No: 0 Page: 22 of 25

 6 Performance Requirements

6.1 OHS-STD-02-03 Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment (HIRA).

7 Reference Documents
7.1 OHS-PR-02-04 Legal and Other Requirements.
7.2 OHS-PR-02-06 Competency, Training and Awareness.
7.3 OHS-PR-02-07 Document Control.
7.4 OHS-PR-02-03-F02 Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment Analysis(HIRA).
7.5 OHS-PR-02-03-F03 Workplace Hazard Identification Checklist.
7.6 OHS-PR-02-03-F04 Hazard ID & Categories Checklist.
7.7 OHS-PR-02-03-F05 Critical Task Analysis.
7.8 OHS-PR-02-03-F06 Critical Task Inventory.
7.9 OHS-PR-02-03-F07 Job Safe Procedure Template.
7.10 OHS-PR-02-03-F08 Risk Register.
7.11 OHS-PR-02-03-F09 Planned Job Observation Schedule.
7.12 OHS-PR-02-09-F10 Planned Job Observation Report.
7.13 OHS-PR-02-03-F11 Risk Assessment & Job Safe Procedure Daily Briefing/
Toolbox Talk Record.

8 Appendices

8.1 Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment (Template).

8.2 Example of how to complete the Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment Form.

Version No:1 Rev No: 0 Page: 23 of 25

Appendix 8.1- Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment (Template) OHS-PR-02-03-F02

HAZARD IDENTIFICATION & RISK ASSESSMENT

Version No:1 Rev No: 0 Page: 24 of 25

Appendix 8.2- Example of how to complete the Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment Form OHS-PR-02-03-F12

Version No:1 Rev No: 0 Page: 25 of 25