Class 9th Geography Population Full Chapter 240124 193322

Class 9th - Geography
Population
Full Chapter Explanation
Class 9th - Geography - Population - Full Chapter Explanation
Introduction
❖ Geography Population Relation
● People interact with resources and create social and

cultural environment.
● People themselves are resources with varying
quality.
❖ Population is the pivotal element in Social Studies.

‘Resources’, ‘Calamities’ and ‘Disasters’ are all meaningful only in relation to human beings.
❖ Production and consumption of earth’s resources depends on human beings.
∴ Understanding population is important. Census
A census is an official enumeration of population done periodically. It is

Census
a comprehensive source of demographic, social and economic data.
● First census was held in 1872.
● First complete census was taken in the year 1881.
❖ Major questions about population are:

Census
Population size & Population growth and processes Characteristics or qualities
distribution of population change of the population
● By Numbers ● What is population growth? ● Age composition

● By Density ● Processes of population ● Sex ratio
change/growth. ● Literacy rates
● Occupational structure
● Health
❖ National population policy 2000 and its relation with Adolescent population.
India’s Population Size and Distribution by Numbers
India’s
Population
As on March 2011 = 1,210.6 Million [Accounts for 17.5 per cent of the world’s population]
❖ 1.21 billion people are unevenly distributed over our country’s vast area of 3.28
million square km [2.4 percent of the world’s area]
❖ According to 2011 census data
● Uttar [199 Million population size] = ● Most populous state of India

Pradesh ● Accounts for about 16 percent of
the country’s population.
● Sikkim [0.6 Million population size] = The Least populous state of India.
● Lakshadweep has only 64,429 people.
❖ Almost half of India’s population lives in just five

states.
● Uttar Pradesh
● Maharashtra
● Bihar
● West Bengal
● Andhra Pradesh
❖ Rajasthan, the biggest state in terms of area, has only 5.5

per cent of the country’s population.
Why
Fig 6.1 : India’s Share of World’s

Area and Population
India’s Population Distribution by Density

Density Provides a better picture for uneven distribution of population.
❖ The population density of India in the year 2011 was 382 per
Population density is person per sq km.
the number of person Varies from area to area
per unit area.
❖ 1,102 person per sq km in Bihar.
Only Bangladesh and ❖ 17 person per sq km in Arunachal Pradesh.
Japan have higher ❖ State below the population density below 250 person per square km
average population have rugged terrain and unfavorable climatic conditions.
❖ Identify the state with different population density on map.
densities than India.
Population Growth and Processes of Population change

❖ Population Growth is a dynamic phenomenon
Influenced by the interaction of the processes.

● Births
● Deaths
● Migrations
❖ Population = Change in the number of inhabitants of a country/territory during

Growth a period of time.
Expressed in two ways:

● Absolute numbers
● Percentage
Population Growth
❖ The Rate or the pace of population
growth
It studies the percent of population increase per annum.
Annual Growth Rate

❖ The Annual growth may decline but the absolute numbers would always increase.
E.g. Since 1981, growth rate declined but the absolute number increased.
Processes of Population changes/Growth
❖ Three main processes of change of population : Birth rate, death rate and migration.
❖ The natural increase of population is the difference between birth rates and death
rates.
Birth Rate Death Rate Migration
● It is the number of live ● It is the number of ● It is the movement of

births per thousand deaths per thousand people across regions
person in a year. persons in a year. and territories.
● Migration can be:
● Birth rates have always
been higher than death ➔ Internal (within the country)
rates. ➔ International (between the
➔ countries)
Impact of Migration of the population

❖
Internal Migration does not changes the size of the

population
But influence the composition and distribution of population.
❖ Migration is mostly rural to urban areas because of the Push and Pull factors.
● Poverty ● Employment
● Unemployment ● Better living conditions
Migration
Impact on population size as well as on the population

composition in urban and rural population.
Example : The urban population has increased from

17.29 per cent of the total population in 1951 to 31.80
per cent in 2011.
There has been a significant increase in the number of
‘million plus cities’ from 35 to 53 in just one decade,
❖
i.e., 2001 to 2011.
Age Composition
❖ The number of people in different age groups in a country.
Importance
● A person’s age influences what he/she needs, buys, does and

his/her capacity to perform.
● Determinants of the population’s social and economic structure.
❖ The population of a nation is generally grouped into three broad categories.
Children Working age Aged
● Generally below 15 years. ● 15-59 years. ● Above 59 years.
● Economically unproductive ● Economically productive and ● Exceptionally economically

biologically reproductive. productive.
and dependent group.
● Makes up the working population. ● Not available for employment
through recruitment.
❖ The percentage of children and

the aged affect the dependency
ratio because these groups are
not producers.
India: Age composition

Sex Ratio
❖ Number of Females per 1000 males in the
population.
Important social indicator.
● Equality between male and female.

● Sex ratio has always remained
unfavourable to females. •Kerala has a sex ratio of 1084 females per
1000 males, Puducherry has 1038 females for
every 1000 males, while Delhi has only 866
What could be the reasons for such variations? females per 1000 males and Haryana has just
877.
Literacy Rates
❖ Who is Literate?
➔ A person aged 7 years and above, who can read and write with understanding in
any language, is treated a literate.
❖ An informed and educated citizen can make intelligent choices and undertake research and
development projects.
❖ Low level of literacy is a serious obstacle for economic improvement.
❖ Literacy Rate of the country.
As per the census of 2011, 73 percent is the literacy rate.
● 80.9 percent for males

● 64.6 percent for females
Occupational Structure
The distribution of population according to different type of
Meaning occupation is referred to as occupational structure. It explains
where and how much population of the country is engaged in
which occupation.
❖ Occupations are generally classified:
Primary Secondary Tertiary
Includes agriculture Includes manufacturing Includes transport,

animal husbandry, industries, building and communication, commerce,
forestry, fishing, mining construction work. administration and other
and quarrying etc. services.
❖ Proportion of people working in different activities varies in developed and

developing countries.
Developed Countries Developed Countries

● High proportion of people are ● Higher proportion of
working in secondary and workforce is engaged in
tertiary Why Primary activities. Why
❖ activities.
Situation in India
➢ Primary sector = 64 percent of population is engaged in this sector.
➢ Secondary sector = 13 percent of population is engaged in this sector.
➢ Tertiary sector = 20 percent of population is engaged in this sector.
➔ Over the period of time, a shift in favour of Secondary and Tertiary sector is
observed.
Health
❖ Health Affects the process of development. How?

How
Healthy population will contribute more in the
❖ development
Government programmes have registered significant improvements in the health
Conditions of the Indian population.
➔ Decline in the death rate [25 per 1000 in 1951 to 7.2 per 1000 in 2011]
➔ Life expectancy at birth has increased from 36.7 years in 1951 to 67.9 years in 2012.
❖ Improvement in public health, prevention of infectious diseases and application of
modern medicine practices in diagnosis and treatment of ailments is reason for all this
betterment in health conditions.
❖ Despite considerable achievements, there are some challenges in securing better health
conditions such as:
● Per capita caloric consumption is much below the recommended levels.
● Large population is suffering from malnutrition.
● Safe drinking water and basic sanitation amenities are available to
only one-third of the rural population.
∴ An appropriate population policy is the need of hour to tackle these problems.
Is there any such policy?

Adolescent Population
Who are Adolescent?
Proportion of the population,

grouped in the age group of 10 to 19
years.
❖ Adolescent population constitutes one-fifth of the total population of India.
Most important resource for the future How?
❖ Nutritional requirement of adolescents is higher than of a normal child or adult. Why?
Poor nutrition can lead to deficiency and stunted growth
Inadequate nutrients in Indian Diet.

❖ Due to the insufficient and improper

diet.
A large number of girls suffer from anaemia.
❖ The Adolescent girls have to be sensitised to the problems they कै से

confront.
Awareness among them can be improved through the
spread of literacy and education.
National Population Policy
National Population Policy Need?
Planning of families would improve individual health and welfare
∴ Government of India initiated a Family Planning Programme [1952]

comprehensive
Family Welfare Programme
Sought to promote responsible and planned

parenthood on a voluntary basis.
❖ National Population Policy 2000
● Provides a policy framework for imparting free and compulsory

school education upto 14 years of age.
● Reducing infant mortality rate to below 30 per 1000 live births.
● Achieving universal immunisation of children against all vaccine
preventable diseases.
● Promoting delayed marriage for girls.
● Making family welfare a people-centred programme.
NPP 2000 and Adolescents
National Population Policy Adolescents
Relation
❖ National Population Policy identified Adolescents as one of the major section. Why?
why?
Adolescent Population is future of

country
A healthy, educated and skilled Adolescents means a healthy, educated and
skilled population. In future they will work for the development of country.
❖ Taking Adolescents into consideration, NPP 2000 focuses on the

following:
● Protection from unwanted pregnancies and sexually transmitted
diseases [STDs].
● Encouraging delayed marriages strengthening legal measures to prevent
child marriage and childbearing.
● Educating adolescents about the risks of unprotected sex, making
contraceptive services accessible and affordable.
● Providing food supplements, nutritional services.
People are the nation’s most valuable resources. A well-educated, healthy

population provides potential power.
CLASS 9th - GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - POPULATION
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Class 9th - Geography

❖ Geography Population Relation

● People interact with resources and create social and

❖ Population is the pivotal element in Social Studies.

❖ Production and consumption of earth’s resources depends on human beings.

∴ Understanding population is important. Census

A census is an official enumeration of population done periodically. It is

❖ Major questions about population are:

● By Numbers ● What is population growth? ● Age composition

India’s Population Size and Distribution by Numbers

● Uttar [199 Million population size] = ● Most populous state of India

❖ Almost half of India’s population lives in just five

❖ Rajasthan, the biggest state in terms of area, has only 5.5

Fig 6.1 : India’s Share of World’s

India’s Population Distribution by Density

Population Growth and Processes of Population change

Influenced by the interaction of the processes.

❖ Population = Change in the number of inhabitants of a country/territory during

Expressed in two ways:

Annual Growth Rate

Processes of Population changes/Growth

● It is the number of live ● It is the number of ● It is the movement of

Impact of Migration of the population

Internal Migration does not changes the size of the

But influence the composition and distribution of population.

Impact on population size as well as on the population

Example : The urban population has increased from

❖ The number of people in different age groups in a country.

● A person’s age influences what he/she needs, buys, does and

❖ The population of a nation is generally grouped into three broad categories.

Children Working age Aged

● Generally below 15 years. ● 15-59 years. ● Above 59 years.

● Economically unproductive ● Economically productive and ● Exceptionally economically

❖ The percentage of children and

India: Age composition

Important social indicator.

● Equality between male and female.

As per the census of 2011, 73 percent is the literacy rate.

● 80.9 percent for males

❖ Occupations are generally classified:

Primary Secondary Tertiary

Includes agriculture Includes manufacturing Includes transport,

❖ Proportion of people working in different activities varies in developed and

Developed Countries Developed Countries

❖ Health Affects the process of development. How?

∴ An appropriate population policy is the need of hour to tackle these problems.

Is there any such policy?

Who are Adolescent?

Proportion of the population,

Poor nutrition can lead to deficiency and stunted growth

Inadequate nutrients in Indian Diet.

❖ Due to the insufficient and improper

❖ The Adolescent girls have to be sensitised to the problems they कै से

National Population Policy

National Population Policy Need?

Planning of families would improve individual health and welfare

∴ Government of India initiated a Family Planning Programme [1952]

Family Welfare Programme

Sought to promote responsible and planned

❖ National Population Policy 2000

● Provides a policy framework for imparting free and compulsory

NPP 2000 and Adolescents