xfr ,oa cy

(Motion and Force)

xfr rFkk fojke(Motion and Rest) :
 izR;sd oLrq ;k rks fojke dh voLFkk
(At Rest) esa gS ;k
xfr dh voLFkk (In Motion) esa gSA fojke ,oa xfr nksuksa
fLFkfr;k¡ le; (Time) ,oa izs{kd
(Observer) osQ lkis{k
gksrh gSaA
 ;fn le; rFkk izs{kd dh fLFkfr osQ lkis{k fdlh oLrq
(Object) dh fLFkfr eas ifjorZu u gks rks] ;g ml oLrq
dh fojke voLFkk dgykrh gSA
 fojke voLFkk osQ mnkgj.k% tehu esa yxs gq, isM+&ikS/s]
est ij j[kh iqLrd] ,d pyrh Vªsu eas cSBs gq, ;k=kh osQ
lkis{k mlosQ lg;kf=k;ksa dh fLFkfr vkfnA

xfr osQ izdkj

(Types of Motions)

foeh; vk/kj ij iFk osQ vk/kj ij nksgjko osQ vk/kj ij

(On the Basis of Dimensions) (On the Basis of Path) (On the Basis of Repettion)

,d foeh; f}&foeh; f=k&foeh; LFkkukUrjh;

?kw.kZu
nksyu vFkok iz{ksI; vkorZ ljy vkorZ
xfr xfr xfr xfr xfr dEiu xfr xfr xfr xfr
 HkkSfrd foKku

egÙoiw.kZ ladYiuk (Important Concept) : U;wVu dk f}rh; xfr fu;e

 nwjh (Distance) %fdlh fn;s x;s le;kUrjky esa oLrq (Newton's Second laws of motion) :
}kjk r; fd;s x;s ekxZ dh yEckbZ dks nwjh dgrs gSaA  U;wVu
;g osQ f}rh; xfr fu;e osQ vuqlkj] fdlh fi.M osQ
,d vfn'k jkf'k gSA ;g lnSo /ukRed (+ ve) gksrh gSA laosx ifjorZu dh nj ml ij vkjksfir cy osQ lekuqikrh
 foLFkkiu (Displacement) %,d fuf'pr fn'kk esa nks gksrh gS Fkkr bl nj dh fn'kk fi.M ij vkjksfir cy osQ
fcUnqvksa osQ chp dh yEcor~ (U;wure) nwjh dks foLFkkiu vuqfn'k gksrh gSA
dgrs gSaAlfn'k;g jkf'k gSA bldk S.I. ek=kd ehVj gSAf}rh; xfr fu;e osQ mnkgj.k%
 pky (Speed) %fdlh oLrq }kjk izfr lsoQ.M r; dh  xsan idM+rs le; f[kykM+h vius gkFkksa dks ihNs d
xbZ nwjh dks pky dgrs gSaA [khap ysrk gSA
 osx(Velocity) %fdlh oLrq osQ foLFkkiu dh nj dks  okguksa esa ;kf=k;ksa dks >Vdksa ls'kkWd cpkus osQ f
;k ,d fuf'pr fn'kk esa izfr lsoQ.M oLrq }kjk r; dh ,CtkcZVjyxk;s tkrs gSaA
xbZ nwjh dks osx dgrs gSaA lfn'k
;gjkf'k
,d gSA bldk U;wVu dk r`rh; xfr fu;e (tM+Ro dk fu;e)
S.I. ek=kd eh-@ls- gSA (Newton's Third laws of motion) :
 Roj.k(Acceleration) %fdlh oLrq osQ osx esa ifjorZu
 izR;sd fozQ;k osQ cjkcj ,oa foijhr fn'kk esa izfrfoz
dks nj ^Roj.k* dgrs gSaA ;g ,d lfn'k jkf'k gSA bldk
gksrh gS] vFkkZr~ ,d oLrq nwljh oLrq ij ftruk cy
S.I. ek=kd eh-@ls-2
gSA ;fn le; osQ lkFk oLrq dk osx
?kVrkrksgSoj.k
R ½.kkRed gksrkftlsgS]eanu(retardation) vkjksfir djrh gS] nwljh oLrq Hkh igyh oLrq ij mruk g
dgrs gSaA cy foijhr fn'kk esa(FBA) vkjksfir djrh gSA U;wVu osQ
U;wVu dk xfr fu;e rhljs xfr&fu;e dksfozQ;k izfrfozQ;k dk (Action
fu;e
(Newton's laws of motion) : Reaction of Law) Hkh dgrs gSaA
 HkkSfrdh osQ firk U;wVu us lu~ 1687 bZ- esa viuh iqLrd
r`rh; xfr fu;e osQ mnkgj.k%
^fizaflfi;k* esa lcls igys xfr fu;e dks izfrikfnr
 canwd ls xksyh NwVrs le; canwd idM+us okys O;fD
fd;k FkkA
djs ihNs dh vksj >Vdk yxrk gSA
U;wVu dk izFke xfr fu;e (tM+Ro dk fu;e)
(Newton's first laws of motion) :  pIiw pykus ij uko vkxs c<+rh gSA
 U;wVu osQ izFke xfr fu;e osQ vuqlkj] lHkh oLrq,¡ jkWosQV ,oa ok;q;kuksa dh xfrA
 viuh
;FkkfLFkfr dks cuk;s j[kus dk iz;kl djrh gSa vFkkZr~
nwjh rFkk foLFkkiu esa varj
viuh fLFkfr esa fdlh Hkh izdkj osQ ifjorZu dk fojks/
djrh gSaA bldk vFkZ gS& tc rd oLrqvksa ij i;kZIr cy (Difference Between Distance
u yxk;k tk, rc rd xfreku oLrq xfr dh voLFkk esa and Displacement)
rFkk fLFkj oLrq fojke dh voLFkk esa cuh jgrh gSAnwjh bl foLFkkiu
izdkj] oLrq,¡ viuh fLFkfr dks ysdj tM+rk iznf'kZr djrh
• nwjh lnSo /ukRed foLFkkiu /ukRed] ½.kkRed
gSaA blfy, U;wVu izFke
osQfu;e dkstM+Ro dk fu;e
(Law of Inertia) Hkh dgrs gSaA gksrh gSA ;k 'kwU; Hkh gks ldrk gSA
• nwjh osQoy ifjek.k foLFkkiu
dks ifjek.k rFkk fn'kk
nSfud thou esa tM+Ro osQ mnkgj.k%
 cl osQ vpkud pyus ij mlesa [kM+k ;k=kh ihNs dh vksj O;Dr djrh gSA nksuksa dks O;Dr djrk gSA
fxjus yxkrk gSA • ;g vfn'k jkf'k gSA ;g lfn'k jkf'k gSA
 i sM+ dh 'kk[kk dks fgykus ij mlls iQy VwVdj uhps bldk eku 'kwU; ughabldk eku 'kwU; gks
• fxj
tkrs gSaA gks ldrk gSA ldrk gSA
+-
Delhi (H.Q.) - 632, Ground Floor, Main Road, Mukherjee Nagar, Delhi-9, Ph.no. 7011750058, 8826592062, 9654349902 7
 HkkSfrd foKku

pky rFkk osx esa varj

(Difference Between Speed and Velocity) cyksa osQ izdkj
(Types of Forces)
pky osx
• fdlh oLrq }kjk ,dkad fdlh oLrq }kjk ,dkad
lEioZQ cy xSj&lEioZQ cy
le; esa pyh x;h nwjh le; esa r; fd, x, (Contact Forces) (Non-Contact Forces)

dks ml oLrq dh pky foLFkkiu dks ml oLrq dk

vkjksfir cy ?k"kZ.k cy fLizax cy
dgrs gSa osx dgrs gSaA (Applied Force) (Friction Force) (Spring Forces)
• pky esa osQoy ifjek.kosx esa ifjek.k osQ lkFk&lkFk yEcor~ cy ruko cy
gksrk gS fn'k ugha fn'kk esa gksrh gSA (Normal Force) (Tension Force)

(vfn'k jkf'k) (lfn'k jkf'k)

• fdlh oLrq dk pky fdlh oLrq osQ osx dk xq#Rokd"kZ.k cyfLFkjfo|qr cy pqEcdh; cy
(Gravitational Force) (Electrostatic Force) (Magnetic Force)
ml oLrq osQ ifjek.k osQ
ifjek.k ml oLrq dh pky
osQ cjkcj ;k mlls ls vf/d ugha gks ldrk gSA ?k"kZu cy (Friction Force) :
vf/d gks ldrh gSA  fdlh lrg }kjk vkjksfir og cy] tks ml lrg ij
xfreku oLrq vFkok O;fDr dh xfr dk fojks/ djrk gS
Note : ;fn dksbZ O;fDr@oLrq fofHkUu nwfj;k¡ r; djus osQ cy dgykrk gSA mnkgj.k% xfreku dkj ij lM+
?k"kZ.k
i'pkr~iqu% vius izkjafHkd fcUnq ij vk tk;s rks ml oLrq
}kjk yxk;k x;k cyA
dk foLFkkiu 'kwU; gksxk
?k"kZ.k osQ mi;ksx
cy (Force) :
 lM+d ij vko';d ?k"kZ.k u gksus ij xkfM+;ksa osQ if
 cy og cká dkjd gS] tks fdlh oLrq dh voLFkk fiQlyus yxrs gSaA
(State), fLFkfr
(Position), vkdkj (Size) ;k vko`Qfr  ?k"kZ.k dh vuqifLFkfr esa e'khusa dk;Z ugha djrh g
(Shape) esa ifjorZu djrk gS ;k ifjorZu djus dk iz;kl ?k"kZ.k dh mifLFkfr osQ dkj.k gh CySd cksMZ ;k
djrk gSA ij fy[kuk laHko gSA
b±Vksa dks ,d nwljs osQ Åij j[kdj nhokj cukuk Hk
cy osQ fofHkUu :i ,oa muosQ mnkgj.k


?k"kZ.k osQ dkj.k gh laHko gSA

• /Ddk (Push) /Ddk nsdj njoktk [kksyuk
ruko cy (Tension Force) :
• f[kapko(Pull) fjD'kk pkyd }kjk fjD'kkW [khapuk
 rkj] jLlh] osQcy] /kxk vkfn osQ nksuksa foijhr fljks
• laihMu xSlksa dks lEihfM+r djosQ mUgsa[khapus ij mlesa yxus okyk cy ruko cy dgykrk gSA
(Compression) flysaMj esa Hkjuk xq#Rokd"kZ.k(Gravitational
cy Force) :
• ruko(Tension) jcM+ osQ nksuksa fljksa dks [khapuk
 ;g ,d vkd"kZ.k cy(Attraction Force) gS] tks nzO;eku
• ok;q izfrjks/ xfrk'khy okgu ij mldh xfr ;qDr lHkh fi.Mksa osQ eè; dk;Z djrk gSA lw;Z
dh fn'kk xq#Rokd"kZ.k cy osQ dkj.k gh lkSj e.My osQ lHk
fuf'pr d{kkvksa esa lw;Z dh ifjozQek djrs gSaA i`F
(Air Resistance) osQ foijhr ok;q }kjk vkjksfir cy
xq#Rokd"kZ.k cy osQ dkj.k gh i`Foh ls Åij mNkyh
• ?k"kZ.k
(Friction) okguksa ,oa O;fDr;ksa dk lM+d ij lHkh oLrq,¡ ,d fuf'pr Å¡pkbZ ij tkus osQ i'pkr~ iqu%
pyuk i`Foh ij okil vkrh gSA
+-
Delhi (H.Q.) - 632, Ground Floor, Main Road, Mukherjee Nagar, Delhi-9, Ph.no. 7011750058, 8826592062, 9654349902 8
HkkSfrd foKku

pqEcdh; cy (Magnetic Force) : mÙkksyd osQ izdkj (Types of Lever)

 fo|qr vkosf'kr d.kksa (vFkok fi.Mksa) osQ eè; dk;Zjr
 mÙkksyd esa vk;kl] Hkkj ,oa vkyEc dh ikjLifjd
vkd"kZ.k(Attraction) vFkok izfrd"kZ.k
(Repulsion)
cy pqEcdh; cy dgykrk gSA leku vkos'k okys d.k fHkUu fLFkfr;ksa osQ vuqlkj] mÙkksydksa dks rh
nwljs dks izfrdf"kZr djrs gSa tcfd foijhr vkos'k okys foHkkftr fd;k x;k gS&
d.k ,d nwljs dks vkdf"kZr djrs gSaA mnkgj.k% nks pqEcdksa
1- izFke Js.kh osQ mÙkksyd
osQ leku fljksa dk ,d nwljs ls nwj gVuk ,oa foijhr fljksa
dk ,d nwljs osQ ikl vkukA 2- f}rh; Js.kh osQ mÙkksyd
vfHkosaQnzh;(Centripetal
cy Force) :
3- r`rh; Js.kh osQ mÙkksyd
 o`Ùkh; iFk ij xfr'khy fi.M ij dk;Zjr fofHkUu cyksa esa
,d cy dh fn'kk lnSo osaQnz dh vksj gksrh gS] ftls
vfHkosaQnzh; cy dgk tkrk gSA bl cy osQ vHkko esa
o`Ùkh; xfr lEHko ugha gSA o`Ùkh; iFk ij xfr'khy fi.M
ij ,d vfHkosQanzh; oj.k R
(V2/r) mRiUu gksrk gS] ftldh
fn'kk osaQnz dh vksj gksrh gSA
vfHkosaQnzh; cy osQ vuqiz;ksx %
1- xzgh; fi.Mksa dh ifjozQe.k xfr esa (tSls xzgksa }kjk lw;Z
dk ifjozQe.k) vfHkosaQnzh; cy gh izHkkoh gksrk gSA
2- fdlh Mksjh osQ ,d fljs ij iRFkj dk VqdM+k ck¡/dj
o`Ùkh; xfr esa ?kqekus ij Mksjh esa vanj dh vksj ,d ruko
mRiUu gksrk gSA o`Ùkh; xfr lekIr gksus ij ;k Mksjh NksM+rs
gh iRFkj ljy js[kh; xfr djrk gSA
3- dkj ;k cl }kjk oozQh; iFk ij eqM+rs le; vko';d
vfHkosQanzh; cy] Vk;j ,oa lM+d dh lrg ls mRiUu
?k"kZ.k cy ls izkIr gksrk gSA
viosaQnzh; cy(Centrifugal Force) :
 o`Ùkh; iFk ij xfr'khy fi.M ij dk;Zjr vfHkosaQnzh; cy
dh izfrfozQ;k esa mlosQ foijhr fn'kk esa ,d cy osaQnz osQ
ckgjdh vksj dk;Zjr gksrk gSA ;g ,d izdkj dk vkHkklh
cy gksrk gS]
ftls viosaQnzh; cy dgk tkrk gSA mnkgj.k%
okWf'kax e'khu]lsnw/ eD[ku cukus okyh e'khu
viosaQnzh; cy ij fozQ;k'khy gSA
mÙkksyd
(Lever) :
 mÙkksyd oLrqr% ljy e'khu gksrh gS] tks cy vk?kw.kZ osQ
fl¼kar ij dk;Z djrh gSA mÙkksyd ,d lh/h vFkok
frjNh NM+ ls ysdj vis{kko`Qr tfVy lajpuk okys
midj.k rd gks ldrs gSaA ,d mÙkksyd esa eq[;r% rhu
Hkkx gksrsvkyEc
gSa& (Fulcrum), iz;kl@dksf'k'k
(Effort) rFkk Hkkj
(Load)A
+-