DAY 1 (30 ANS)

[Q.1] [Ans] b
Soln]: At any time, the chief justice of India can request a retired judge of the Supreme Court or a retired
judge of a high court (who is duly qualified for appointment as a judge of the Supreme Court) to act as a
judge of the Supreme Court for a temporary period.
When there is a lack of quorum of the permanent judges to hold or continue any session of the Supreme
Court, the Chief Justice of India can appoint a judge of a High Court as an ad hoc judge of the Supreme
Court for a temporary period.

[Q.2] [Ans] d

[Soln]: Article 143 Power of President to consult Supreme Court.–(1) If at any time it appears to the
President that a question of law or fact has arisen, or is likely to arise, which is of such a nature and of
such public importance that it is expedient to obtain the opinion of the Supreme Court upon it, he may
refer the question to that Court for consideration and the Court may, after such hearing as it thinks fit,
report to the President its opinion thereon.
The Supreme Court has not only succeeded the Federal Court of India but also replaced the British Privy
Council as the highest court of appeal. The Supreme Court is primarily a court of appeal and hears
appeals against the judgements of the lower courts. It enjoys a wide appellate jurisdiction which can
be classified under four heads:

(a) Appeals in constitutional matters.

(b) Appeals in civil matters.

(c) Appeals in criminal matters.

(d) Appeals by special leave.

It can also decide-

• A case involving interpretation of the Constitution

• A case involving a substantial question of law of general importance.

• A case where the constitutionality of any law has been challenged.

[Q.3] [Ans] b

[Soln]: The Constitution declares Delhi as the seat of the Supreme Court. But, it also authorises the chief
justice of India to appoint other place or places as seat of the Supreme Court. He can take decision in
this regard only with the approval of the President. This provision is only optional and not compulsory.
This means that no court can give any direction either to the President or to the Chief Justice to appoint
any other place as a seat of the Supreme Court.
[Q.4] [Ans] b
[Soln]:Judicial review is the power of the Supreme Court to examine the constitutionality of legislative
enactments and executive orders of both the Central and state governments. On examination, if they
are found to beviolative of the Constitution (ultra-vires), they can be declared as illegal,
unconstitutional and invalid (null and void) by the Supreme Court. Consequently, they cannot be
enforced by the Government. Unanimous opinion of all the judges is not necessary for declaring a law
null and void.

[Q.5] [ans]b

[Soln]: Demilitarized Zone (DMZ):The DMZ marks where the 1950-53 Korean War — when China and
North Korea battled UN forces led by the United States — ended with an armistice, not a treaty.
• The DMZ is a 2 km-wide buffer, stretching coast to coast across the peninsula, lined by both sides with
razor wire, heavy armaments and tank traps.
• It is 60 km from Seoul and 210 km from the North Korean capital of Pyongyang.
• Inside the DMZ is a Joint Security Area (JSA). The so-called ‘peace village’ of Panmunjom, where the
armistice that halted the Korean War was signed in 1953, is located in the 800-metre-wide and 400-
metre-long JSA zone.

[Q.6] [Ans] b

[Soln]:It has power to review its own judgement or order. Thus, it is not bound by its previous decision
and can depart from it in the interest of justice or community welfare. In brief, the Supreme Court is a
self-correcting agency.

[Q.7] [Ans] a

[Soln]: the Supreme Court has not only succeeded the Federal Court of India but also replaced the
British Privy Council as the highest court of appeal. The Supreme Court is primarily a court of appeal and
hears appeals against the judgements of the lower courts. It enjoys a wide appellate jurisdiction which
can be classified under four heads:

(a) Appeals in constitutional matters.

(b) Appeals in civil matters.

(c) Appeals in criminal matters.

(d) Appeals by special leave.

 [Q.8] [Ans] b

[Soln]: By a Parliamentary Act: As of now, the Supreme Court has a sanctioned strength of 30 judges,
plus the chief justice of India -- 31 judges. After Parliament's nod, its sanctioned strength will go up to
33, plus the CJI

[Q.9] [Ans] a

[Soln]: Parliament can extend, but cannot curtail the jurisdiction and power of the Supreme Court.
• No discussion can take place in Parliament with respect to the conduct of any judge of the Supreme Court
in the discharge of his duties.
• A retired judge of the Supreme Court cannot appear or plead in any court or before any authority
within the territory of India.
• The salaries and allowances of the judges of the Supreme Court are charged on the Consolidated Fund
of India.

[Q.10] [ans]c

[Soln]: Great Indian bustard is placed in Schedule I of the Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, the
highest degree of legal protection in the country.
It is categorised as “critically endangered” by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN).
Great Indian Bustard is Rajasthan's state bird. The state government has started "Project Godawan" for
its conservation at Desert National Park (DNP) in Jaisalmer. Collision with wind mill turbines and
electrocution from overhead power lines are the major cause of decline in population of Great Indian
Bustard.

[Q.11] [Ans] c

[Soln] :As a federal court, the Supreme Court decides the disputes betwe en differentunits of the Indian
Federation. More elaborately, any dispute between:
(a) the Centre and one or more states; or
(b) the Centre and any state or states on one side and one or more states onthe other; or
(c) between two or more states.
In the above federal disputes, the Supreme Court has exclusive original jurisdiction.

[Q.12] [Ans] c

[Soln] :Qualifications of Judges: A person to be appointed as a judge of the Supreme Court should
have the following qualifications:

1. He should be a citizen of India.

 2. (a) He should have been a judge of a High Court (or high courts in succession) for five years; or (b) He
should have been an advocate of a High Court (or High Courts in succession) for ten years; or (c) He
should be a distinguished jurist in the opinion of the president.

From the above, it is clear that the Constitution has not prescribed a minimum age for appointment as a
judge of the Supreme Court.

[Q.13] [Ans] b

[Soln]: The Supreme Court can, with the approval of the president, make rules forregulating generally
the practice and procedure of the Court.

[Q.14] [Ans] d

[Soln]: The judges of the Supreme Court are appointed by the President (which means the cabinet) in
consultation with the members of the judiciary itself (ie, judges of the Supreme Court and the high
courts). This provision curtails the absolute discretion of the e xecutive as well as ensures that the judicial
appointments are not based on any political or practical considerations. Senior most judge of sc is
appointed as CJI.

[Q.15] [ans]c

[Soln]: Bio-gas is produced naturally through a process of anaerobic decomposition from waste / bio -
mass sources like agriculture residue, cattle dung, sugarcane press mud, municipal solid waste, sewage
treatment plant waste, etc. After purification, it is compressed and called CBG, which has pure methane
content of over 95%. Compressed Bio-Gas is exactly similar to the commercially available natural gas in
its composition and energy potential. With calorific value (~52,000 KJ/kg) and other properties similar to
CNG, Compressed Bio-Gas can be used as an alternative, renewable automotive fuel. Given the
abundance of biomass in the country, Compressed Bio-Gas has the potential to replace CNG in
automotive, industrial and commercial uses in the coming years.
There are multiple benefits from converting agricultural residue, cattle dung and municipal solid waste
into CBG on a commercial scale:

• Responsible waste management, reduction in carbon emissions and pollution

• Additional revenue source for farmers
• Boost to entrepreneurship, rural economy and employment
• Support to national commitments in achieving climate change goals
• Reduction in import of natural gas and crude oil
• Buffer against crude oil/gas price fluctuations
 The National Policy on Biofuels 2018 emphasizes active promotion of advanced bio -fuels, including CBG.
The Government of India had launched the GOBAR-DHAN (Galvanizing Organic Bio-Agro Resources)
scheme earlier this year to convert cattle dung and solid waste in farms to CBG and compost.

[Q.16] [Ans] d

[Soln]: Every high court (whether exclusive or common) consists of a chief justice and such other
judges as the president may from time to time deem necessary to appoint. Thus, the Constitution does
not specify the strength of a high court and leaves it to the discretion of the president. Accordingly, the
President determines the strength of a high court from time to time depending upon its workload.
A judge of a high court can be removed from his office by an order of the President. The President can
issue the removal order only after an address by the Parliament has been presented to him in the same
session for such removal. The address must be supported by a special majority of each House of
Parliament (i.e., a majority of the total membership of that House and majority of not less than two -
thirds of the members of that House present and voting). The grounds of removal are two—proved
misbehaviour or incapacity. Thus, a judge of a high court can be removed in the same manner and on
the same grounds as a judge of the Supreme Court.
The salaries, allowances, privileges, leave and pension of the judges of a high court aredetermined
from time to time by the Parliament.
The President can transfer a judge from one high court to another after consulting the ChiefJustice of
India. Hence, statement (d) is not true.

[Q.17] [Ans] a

[Soln]: The reference for advice may be made to the Supreme Court on a question of law or fact by the
President of India.
• Disputes arising out of pre-constitution treaties and agreements excluded from the original jurisdiction
of the Supreme Court may also be referred to it.
• One of the cases referred to the Supreme Court for its advice was the constitutionality of the Kerala
Education Bill.

[Q.18] [Ans] a

[Soln]: Substantial Question of Law:

• It is a substantive statutory right to be regulated in accordance with law. A question of law will be
a substantial of law if it directly and substantially affects the rights of the parties.

[Q.19] [Ans] b

[Soln]: Only federal cases come under its original jurisdiction in supreme court of India.
• Federal cases, cases of naval forces, maritime activities, ambassadors etc., come under its original
jurisdiction in Supreme Court of USA
• Advisory jurisdiction is there in Indian Supreme Court.There is no advisory jurisdiction in USA Supreme
Court.
• The appellate jurisdiction includes constitutional, civil and criminal case.The appellate jurisdiction is
restricted to constitutional cases in USA Supreme Court.

[Q.20][ans] d

[Soln]: a light-emitting diode (LED) is a semiconductor device that emits light when an electric current is
passed through it.
• LEDs are more energy-efficient and longer lasting than their competitors.
• LED lights can cause irreparable harm to the retina of the human eye since they emit uv rays.
•Led don't contain harmful substances as CFL bulb contain mercury. This also reduces the CO2
emissions indirectly by using less electricity.
•Unnat Jyoti by Affordable LEDs for All (UJALA) scheme was launched in 2015 by govt. to increase the
use of LED bulbs. Under UJALA , DELP is a component .Energy Efficiency Services Limited (EESL) has
ditributed LED bulbs to the citizens of the country under the Domestic Efficient Lighting Programme
(DELP).

[Q.21] [Ans] b

[Soln] : Article 141:- “Law declared by Supreme Court to be binding on all courts.—The law declared by
the Supreme Court shall be binding on all courts within the territory of India.”

Binding on all courts: The words ‘binding on all courts in India’ though wide enough to include the
Supreme Court, do not include the Supreme Court itself, as it is not bound by its own judgment s but is
free to re-consider them in appropriate cases.

[Q.22] [Ans] d

[Soln]: Supreme Court under Article 131 of the Constitution of India;

But when there is a dispute which arises between the States of India or between the StateGovernment
and the Union Government then it is the jurisdiction of the Supreme Court under Article 131 of the
Constitution that gives it the power to resolve these kinds of disputes.

[Q.23] [Ans] b

[Soln]:A dispute between one State and another can only be dealt with by the Supreme Court
[Q.24] [Ans] c

[Soln]:(c) Examine constitutional validity of any administrative action as well as legislative provision and
strike it down if not found in accordance with the constitutional provisions.

[Q.25] [ans]a

[Soln]: There was widespread belief that imposition of President’s rule was more to do with the priorities
of the Central government than the constitutional crisis.

The judgement of the Supreme Court in 1994 gave a clear definition as to when the President’s rule can
be imposed on a state thereby paving the way for the state governments to challenge the Centre if it
feels that it has been unduly removed. (subject to Judicial Review).

The Supreme Court held that a state government could be dismissed only under justifying
circumstances and laid down guidelines for the same.

This judgement is called the Bommai judgement after the former Karnataka Chief Minister S R Bommai
whose government was dismissed by the Centre and the President’s rule was imposed.

[Q.26] [Ans] a

[Soln]:Though India has a dual polity, there is no dual system of administration of justice. The
Constitution, on the other hand, established an integrated judicial system with the Supreme
Court at the top and the state high courts below it. This single system of courts enforces both
the Central laws as well as the state laws. This is done to eliminate diversities in the remedial
procedure.
The judges of a state high court are appointed by the president in consultation with the Chief
Justice of India and the governor of the state. They can also be transferred and removed by the president.

[Q.27] [Ans] d

[Soln] : No age is prescribed

[Q.28] [Ans] b

[Soln]:The salary and allowances of the Judges, the salaries, allowances and pensions of the staff as
well as the administrative expenses of a high court are charged on the Consolidated Fund of theState.
However, the pension of a high court judge is charged on the Consolidated Fund of India andnot the
state.
 [Q.29] [Ans] c

[Soln]: Supreme Court’s power to issue writs is narrower than that of High Court.

• A citizen is free to approach High Court or Supreme Court as he chooses whenever his fundamental
rights are violated.
• The law declared by the Supreme Court is binding on all courts throughout India

[Q.30] [ans] d

[Soln]:Government of India has been promoting organic farming under two dedicated
schemes namely Mission Organic Value Chain Development North Eastern Region (MOVCDNER)
and Parampragat Krishi Vikas Yojana (PKVY) since 2015 through State Governments.
•Under these schemes, support has been provided for formation of farmers’ clusters/ Farmer Producer
Organisation; incentives to farmers for input procurement, value addition including post harvest
infrastructure creation, packaging, branding, publicity, transportation, organic fairs etc..
•Organic Farming has also been supported under other schemes viz Rashtriya Krishi Vikas
Yojana (RKVY) and Mission for Integrated Development of Horticulture (MIDH), Network Project on
Organic Farming under ICAR.

• eme as it is run by PSUs.