Unscramble these words.

1. elub lhawe
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2. rsuwla
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3. ase nloi
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4. ndlpioh
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5. slboret
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6. potocsu
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7. hfljelisy
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8. ngait mlca
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9. ntiag dsiuq
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10. lreilk lwahe
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11. dfswroshi
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12. tgear htiwe khsra
………………………………………………

Now match each picture with the corresponding picture.

The giant clam, is the largest living bivalve mollusk. One of a
number of large clam species native to the shallow coral reefs of
the South Pacific and Indian oceans, they can weigh more than
200 kilograms (440 pounds), measure as much as 1.2 metres (4
feet) across, and have an average lifespan in the wild of 100
years or more. They are also found off the shores of the
Philippines. By day, the clam opens its shell and extends its
mantle tissue so that the algae receive the sunlight they need to
photosynthesize. Clams use their tube-like siphon to draw in
water, from which they extract oxygen and filter plankton (tiny
plants that they eat). Predators of the Clam:Many animals eat
clams, including eels, sea stars, whelks, and people.

The giant squid is a deep-ocean dwelling squid.

Giant squid can grow to a tremendous size: recent
estimates put the maximum size at 13 metres (43
ft) for females and 10 metres (33 ft) for males
from caudal fin to the tip of the two long
tentacles (second only to the colossal squid at an
estimated 14 metres (46 ft), one of the largest
living organisms). The mantle is about 2 metres
(6.6 ft) long (more for females, less for males),
and the length of the squid excluding its
tentacles is about 5 metres (16 ft). There have
been claims reported of specimens of up to 20
metres (66 ft), but no animals of such size have
been scientifically documented.
On September 30, 2004, researchers from the
National Science Museum of Japan and the
Ogasawara Whale Watching Association took the
first images of a live giant squid in its natural habitat. Several of the 556 photographs were
released a year later. The same team successfully filmed a live adult giant squid for the first
time on December 4, 2006.
Giant squid are very widespread, occurring in all of the world's oceans. They are usually found
near continental and island slopes from the North Atlantic Ocean, especially Newfoundland,
Norway, the northern British Isles, and the oceanic islands of the Azores and Madeira, to the
South Atlantic around southern Africa, the North Pacific around Japan, and the southwestern
Pacific around New Zealand and Australia. Specimens are rare in tropical and polar latitudes.

The Blue Whale At up to 32.9 metres (108 feet) in length and 172 tonnes or more in weight, it
is the largest animal ever to have existed. Blue Whales were abundant in nearly all the oceans
until the beginning of the twentieth century. For over 40 years, they were hunted almost to
extinction by whalers until protected by the international community in 1966. A 2002 report
estimated there were 5,000 to 12,000 Blue Whales worldwide, located in at least five groups.
Before whaling, the largest population was in the Antarctic, numbering approximately 239,000.
There remain only much smaller (around 2,000) concentrations in each of the North-East
Pacific, Antarctic, and Indian Ocean groups. There are two more groups in the North Atlantic,
and at least two in the Southern Hemisphere.

Jellyfish (also known as jellies or sea jellies) are found in every ocean, from the surface to the
deep sea. Jellyfish are fish-eating animals that float in the sea - only a few jellyfish live in
fresh water. They have soft bodies and long, stinging, poisonous tentacles that they use to
catch fish. Venom is sent out through stinging cells called nematocysts. A jellyfish is 98%
water.
There are many types of jellyfish. The smallest jellyfish are just a few inches across. The
largest jellyfish is the lion's mane (Cyanea capillata), whose body can be over 3 feet (1 m)
across, with much longer tentacles. Some jellyfish glow in the dark (this is called
phosphorescence). Some of the deadliest jellies include the box jelly (Genus Carybdea) and
the tiny, two-cm-across Irukandji jelly (Carukia barnesi); the venomous sting of these jellyfish
can kill a person. Many animals eat jellyfish, including sea turtles and some fish (including the
sun fish).

Lion’s mane Box jelly Irukandji jelly

The great white shark, Carcharodon carcharias, also known as great white, white pointer,
white shark, or white death, is an exceptionally large lamniform shark found in coastal surface
waters in all major oceans. Reaching lengths of more than 6 metres (20 ft) and weighing up to
2,240 kilograms (4,938 lb), the great white shark is arguably the world's largest known
predatory fish. Great white sharks are carnivorous, and primarily eat fish (including rays, tuna,
and smaller sharks), dolphins, porpoises, whale carcasses and pinnipeds such as seals, fur seals
and sea lions and sometimes sea turtles. Sea otters and penguins are attacked at times
although rarely, if ever, eaten. Great whites have also been known to eat objects that they are
unable to digest. In great white sharks above 3.41 metres (11 ft) a diet consisting of a higher
proportion of mammals has been observed. These sharks prefer prey with high contents of
energy-rich fat. Shark expert Peter Klimley used a rod-and-reel rig and trolled carcasses of a
seal, a pig, and a sheep to his boat in the South Farallons. The sharks attacked all three baits
but rejected the sheep carcass.
The great white is regarded as an apex predator with its only real threats from humans.
Although their diets overlap greatly, great whites do not seem to directly compete with orcas
and there are few reports of encounters between them. The average orca is larger and faster
which is probably why the sharks do not bother to compete. However in one famous incident a
female orca killed a subadult great white and her calf feasted on the shark's liver. Pods of
dolphins can kill a great white shark through mobbing behaviour in which the dolphins ram the
shark. Great whites are also sometimes preyed on by larger specimens.

The walrus is a large flippered marine mammal with a discontinuous circumpolar distribution in
the Arctic Ocean and sub-Arctic seas of the Northern Hemisphere. The walrus is immediately
recognized by its prominent tusks, whiskers and great bulk. Adult Pacific males can weigh up to
4,500 pounds (2,000 kg) and, among pinnipeds, are exceeded in size only by the two species of
elephant seals. It resides primarily in shallow oceanic shelf habitat, spending a significant
proportion of its life on sea ice in pursuit of its preferred diet of benthic bivalve mollusks. It
is a relatively long-lived, social animal and is considered a keystone species in Arctic marine
ecosystems. The walrus prefers shallow shelf regions and forages on the sea bottom. Its dives
are not particularly deep compared to other pinnipeds; the deepest recorded dives are around
80 metres (260 ft). However, it can remain submerged for as long as a half hour. The walrus
has a highly diverse and opportunistic diet, feeding on more than 60 genera of marine
organisms including shrimps, crabs, tube worms, soft corals, tunicates, sea cucumbers, various
mollusks, and even parts of other pinnipeds. However, it displays great preference for benthic
bivalve mollusks, especially species of clams.

The octopus inhabits many diverse regions of the ocean, especially coral reefs. An octopus has
eight arms, which trail behind it as it swims. Most octopuses have no internal or external
skeleton, allowing them to squeeze through tight places. An octopus has a hard beak, with its
mouth at the center point of the arms. Octopuses are highly intelligent, probably the most
intelligent of all invertebrates. For defense against predators, they hide, flee quickly, expel
ink, or use color-changing camouflage. Octopuses are bilaterally symmetrical, like other
cephalopods, with two eyes and four pairs of arms. All octopuses are venomous, but only the
small blue-ringed octopuses are deadly to humans. The North Pacific Giant Octopus,
Enteroctopus dofleini, is often cited as the largest octopus species. Adults usually weigh
around 15 kg (33 lb), with an arm span of up to 4.3 m (14 ft). The largest specimen of this
species to be scientifically documented was an animal with a live mass of 71 kg (156.5 lb). The
alternative contender is the Seven-arm Octopus, Haliphron atlanticus, based on a 61 kg (134
lb) carcass estimated to have a live mass of 75 kg (165 lb). However, there are a number of
questionable size records that would suggest E. dofleini is the largest of all octopus species by
a considerable margin; one such record is of a specimen weighing 272 kg (600 lb) and having an
arm span of 9 m (30 ft).

Swordfish, also known as Broadbill in some countries, are large, highly migratory, predatory
fish characterized by a long, flat bill. They are a popular sport fish, though elusive. Swordfish
are elongated, round-bodied, and lose all teeth and scales by adulthood. They reach a maximum
size of 177 in. (455 cm) and 1,400 lb (650 kg). The International Game Fish Association's all-
tackle angling record for a swordfish was a 1,182 lb (536.15 kg) specimen taken off Chile in
1953. Contrary to belief the "sword" is not used to spear, but instead may be used to slash at
its prey in order to injure the prey animal, to make for an easier catch. Mainly the swordfish
relies on its great speed, capable of reaching speeds up to 50 mph (80 km/hr), and agility in
the water to catch its prey. One possible defensive use for the sword-like bill is for
protection from its few natural predators.

The killer whale or orca, or less commonly, blackfish, is the largest species of the dolphin
family. It is found in all the world's oceans, from the frigid Arctic and Antarctic regions to
warm, tropical seas. Killer whales are versatile and opportunistic marine apex predators. Some
populations feed mostly on bony fish while others hunt sharks and marine mammals, including
sea lions, seals, walruses and even large whales. There are up to five distinct killer whale types
distinguished by geographical range, preferred prey items and physical appearance. Killer
whales are highly social; some populations are composed of matrilineal family groups, which are
the most stable of any animal species. The sophisticated social behavior, hunting techniques,
and vocal behavior of killer whales have been described as manifestations of culture. Although
the killer whale population as a whole is not considered to be an endangered species, some local
populations are considered threatened or endangered due to depletion of prey species and
habitat loss, pollution by PCBs, captures for marine mammal parks, and conflicts with vessels.
In late 2007, the killer whales known as the "southern resident killer whales," were placed on
the U.S. Endangered Species list.
Wild killer whales are usually not considered a threat to humans. There have, however, been
isolated reports of captive killer whales attacking and, in at least one instance, killing their
handlers at marine theme parks. Killer whales have a heavy and stocky body and a large dorsal
fin with a dark grey "saddle patch" at the fin's rear. Antarctic killer whales may have pale
grey to nearly white backs. Males typically range from 6-8 m long (19-26 ft) and weigh in
excess of 6 tonnes. Females are smaller, generally ranging from 5-7 m (16-23 ft) and weighing
about 3 to 4 tons. The largest male killer whale on record was 9.8 m (32 ft) and weighing over
10 tonnes (22,000 lb), while the largest female was 8.5 m (28 ft) and weighing 7.5 tonnes
(16,500 lb). Calves at birth weigh about 180 kg (350-500 lb) and are about 2.4 m long (6-8 ft).
The killer whale's large size and strength make it among the fastest marine mammals, often
reaching speeds in excess of 56 km/h (35 mph). The killer whale is an apex predator. They are
sometimes called the wolves of the sea, because they hunt in pods like packs of wolves. On
average, a killer whale eats 227 kg (500 lb) of food each day.

Lobsters are found in all the oceans of the world. They live on rocky, sandy, or muddy bottoms
from the shoreline to beyond the edge of the continental shelf. Lobsters typically eat live
food, consisting of fish, mollusks, other crustaceans, worms, and some plant life. Occasionally,
they will scavenge if necessary, and may resort to cannibalism in captivity; however, this has
not been observed in the wild. Although lobster skin has been found in the stomachs of
lobsters, this is because lobsters will eat their shed skin after molting. Lobsters grow
throughout their lives and it is not unusual for a lobster to live for more than 100 years. They
can reach impressive sizes. According to the Guinness World Records, the largest lobster was
caught in Nova Scotia, Canada, and weighed 20.15 kg (44.4 lb). In general, lobsters are 25 cm
to 50 cm long (10 to 20 inches) and move slowly by walking on the bottom of the sea floor.
However, when they flee, they swim backwards quickly by curling and uncurling their abdomen.
A speed of five meters per second (about 11 mph) has been recorded.

Sea lions are any of seven species in six genera of modern pinnipeds including one extinct (the
Japanese sea lion). Sea lions are characterized by the presence of external ear pinnae or
flaps, long front flippers, and the ability to walk on four flippers on land. Their range extends
from the subarctic to tropical waters of the global ocean in both the northern and southern
hemispheres with the notable exception of the Atlantic Ocean. The California sea lion is a type
of seal that lives in cool waters off the rocky coast of western North America. This marine
mammal makes a roaring noise (hence its name), barks, and honks. Sea lions are fast swimmers,
going up to 25 mph (40 kph) in short bursts. They are also very fast on land, "walking" with all
four flippers. These intelligent and social animals congregate in large groups on land (called
colonies) and smaller groups in the water (called rafts). Breeding areas are called rookeries.
(Classification: Suborder Pinnipedia, Family Otariidae, Subfamily Otariinae, Genus Zalophus,
Species californianus)
Anatomy: The California sea lion has a thick layer of blubber (fat), short, thick fur that is
dark brown to buff-colored, and a dog-like head. Males (called bulls) are darker and bigger
than females. Males also have a thick furry mane around the neck. Bulls weigh up to 850
pounds (380 kg) and are up to 8 feet (2.5 m) long. Females weigh up to 250 pounds (115 kg) and
are up to 6.5 feet (2 m) long. The whiskers (called vibrissae) help the seal's sense of touch.
The nostrils are closed in the resting state. The sea lion has small external ears and a good
sense of hearing. It also has keen eyesight but no color vision.
Diet: Sea lions are carnivores (meat-eaters); they eat fish, squid, octopi, crabs, clams, and
lobsters. Seals don't chew their food. They swallow it in large chunks. They can crush the
shells of crustaceans and mollusks with their flat back teeth.
Predators: Sea lions are hunted by killer whales (orcas) and some sharks.

Dolphins are marine mammals that are closely related to whales and porpoises. There are
almost forty species of dolphin in seventeen genera. They vary in size from 1.2 m (4 ft) and 40
kg (90 lb) (Maui's Dolphin), up to 9.5 m (30 ft) and 10 tonnes (9.8 LT; 11 ST) (the Orca or
Killer Whale). They are found worldwide, mostly in the shallower seas of the continental
shelves, and are carnivores, mostly eating fish and squid. The family Delphinidae is the largest
in the Cetacea, and relatively recent: dolphins evolved about ten million years ago, during the
Miocene. Dolphins are considered to be amongst the most intelligent of animals and their often
friendly appearance and seemingly playful attitude have made them popular in human culture.
Bottlenose dolphins are small, toothed whales that have a long, beaklike snout, a sickle-shaped
dorsal fin, and sharp teeth. Dolphins breathe air through a single blowhole. They grow to be at
most 12 feet (3.3 m) long. Dolphins live in small groups of up to 12 whales; these groups are
called pods. Bottlenose dolphins have a life span of about 25 years.
Swimming: Like other whales, dolphins swim by moving their tail (called flukes) up and down.
Fish swim by moving their tail left and right.
Diet: Bottlenose dolphins are hunters who find their prey at the surface of the water, eating
mostly fish and squid.
Distribution: The bottlenose dolphin is found worldwide in tropical and temperate waters.
Some live offshore and others live near the coast.
Echolocation: Like other toothed whales, dolphins use echolocation, a way of sensing in which
they emit high-pitched clicks and sense them as they bounce back off objects (like prey).
Predators of Dolphins: Some sharks (including tiger sharks, dusky sharks, and bull sharks) and
orcas will prey upon dolphins. Dolphins are also often trapped in people's fishing nets.

Other creatures from the sea: